1
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Wang J, Yin L, Liu W, Shi K, Zhang Y, He H, Yang S, Ni L, Li S. Effect of surfactant's charge properties on behavior, physiology, and biochemistry and the release of microcystins of Microcystis aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121232. [PMID: 38801804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Surfactant pollution is escalatitheng in eutrophic waters, but the effect of surfactant charge properties on the physiological and biochemical properties of toxin-producing microalgae remains inadequately explored. To address this gap, this study explores the effects and mechanisms of three common surfactants-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, cationic), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic), and Triton X-100 (nonionic)-found in surface waters, on the agglomeration behavior, physiological indicators, and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) release of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) by using UV-visible spectroscope, Malvern Zetasizer, fluorescence spectrometer, etc. Results suggest that charge properties significantly affect cyanobacterial aggregation and cellular metabolism. The CTAB-treated group demonstrates a ∼5.74 and ∼9.74 times higher aggregation effect compared to Triton X-100 and SDS (300 mg/L for 180 min) due to strong electrostatic attraction. Triton X-100 outperforms CTAB and SDS in polysaccharide extraction, attributed to its higher water solubility and lower critical micelle concentration. CTAB stimulates cyanobacteria to secrete proteins, xanthohumic acid, and humic acids to maintain normal physiological cells. Additionally, the results of SEM and ion content showed that CTAB damages the cell membrane, resulting in a ∼90% increase in the release of intracellular MC-LR without cell disintegration. Ionic analyses confirm that all three surfactants alter cell membrane permeability and disrupt ionic metabolic pathways in microalgae. This study highlights the relationship between the surface charge properties of typical surfactants and the dispersion/agglomeration behavior of cyanobacteria. It provides insights into the impact mechanism of exogenous surfactants on toxic algae production in eutrophic water bodies, offering theoretical references for managing surfactant pollution and treating algae blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Li Yin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Zhongshan Ecological Technology Jiangsu Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210019, China.
| | - Kaipian Shi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lixiao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, MOE, School of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Ren T, Zhou Y, Cui X, Wu B, Rittmann BE. Differentiation and quantification of extracellular polymeric substances from microalgae and bacteria in the mixed culture. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121641. [PMID: 38643643 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in the formation, function, and interactions of microalgal-bacteria consortia. Understanding the key roles of EPS depends on reliable extraction and quantification methods, but differentiating of EPS from microalgae versus bacteria is challenging. In this work, cation exchange resin (CER) and thermal treatments were applied for total EPS extraction from microalgal-bacteria mixed culture (MBMC), flow cytometry combined with SYTOX Green staining was applied to evaluate cell disruption during EPS extraction, and auto-fluorescence-based cell sorting (AFCS) was used to separate microalgae and bacteria in the MBMC. Thermal extraction achieved much higher EPS yield than CER, but higher temperature and longer time reduced cell activity and disrupted the cells. The highest EPS yield with minimal loss of cell activity and cell disruption was achieved using thermal extraction at 55℃ for 30 min, and this protocol gave good results for MBMC with different microalgae:bacteria (M:B) mass ratios. AFCS combined with thermal treatment achieved the most-efficient biomass differentiation and low EPS loss (<4.5 %) for the entire range of M:B ratios. EPS concentrations in bacteria were larger than in microalgae: 42.8 ± 0.4 mg COD/g TSS versus 9.19 ± 0.38 mg COD/g TSS. These findings document sensitive and accurate methods to extract and quantify EPS from microalgal-bacteria aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaocai Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States of America
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3
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Pispas K, Manthos G, Sventzouri E, Geroulia M, Mastropetros SG, Ali SS, Kornaros M. Optimizing Phycocyanin Extraction from Cyanobacterial Biomass: A Comparative Study of Freeze-Thaw Cycling with Various Solvents. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:246. [PMID: 38921557 PMCID: PMC11204620 DOI: 10.3390/md22060246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial phycocyanin pigment is widely utilized for its properties in various industries, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Despite its potential, challenges exist, such as extraction methods impacting yield, stability, and purity. This study investigates the impact of the number of freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on the extraction of phycocyanin from the wet biomass of four cyanobacteria species (Arthrospira platensis, Chlorogloeopsis fritschii, Phormidium sp., and Synechocystis sp.), along with the impact of five extraction solutions (Tris-HCl buffer, phosphate buffer, CaCl2, deionized water, and tap water) at various pH values. Synechocystis sp. exhibited the highest phycocyanin content among the studied species. For A. platensis, Tris-HCl buffer yielded maximum phycocyanin concentration from the first FT cycle, while phosphate buffer provided satisfactory results from the second cycle. Similarly, Tris-HCl buffer showed promising results for C. fritschii (68.5% of the maximum from the first cycle), with the highest concentration (~12% w/w) achieved during the seventh cycle, using phosphate buffer. Phormidium sp. yielded the maximum pigment concentration from the first cycle using tap water. Among species-specific optimal extraction solutions, Tris-HCl buffer demonstrated sufficient extraction efficacy for all species, from the first cycle. This study represents an initial step toward establishing a universal extraction method for phycocyanin from diverse cyanobacteria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Pispas
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Georgios Manthos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Eirini Sventzouri
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Maria Geroulia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Savvas Giannis Mastropetros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Sameh Samir Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (S.G.M.)
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Gufrana T, Islam H, Khare S, Pandey A, P R. In-situ transesterification of single-cell oil for biodiesel production: a review. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:120-135. [PMID: 35499507 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2065684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biodiesel synthesis and production demands have increased because of its high degradability, cleaner emissions, non-toxicity, and an alternative to petroleum diesel. In this context, Single Cell Oil (SCO) has been identified as an alternative feedstock, having the advantage of accumulating high intracellular lipid. SCO/microbial lipids are potential alternatives for sustainable biodiesel production. The traditional technique for biodiesel production from the oils obtained from microbes generally requires two steps: lipid extraction and transesterification. In-situ transesterification is an innovative and renewable process for biodiesel production. It rules out the need to isolate and refine the feedstock lipid, as it directly uses biomass in a single step, i.e., the pretreated biomass will be subjected to in-situ transesterification in the presence of catalysts. Hence, the production cost can be reduced by eliminating the lipid extraction procedure. The current review focuses on the basic features and advantages of in-situ transesterification of SCO for biodiesel production with the aid of short-chain alcohols along with different acid, base, and enzyme catalysts. In addition, a comparative study was carried out to highlight the merits of in-situ transesterification over conventional transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gufrana
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hasibul Islam
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivani Khare
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radha P
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pleissner D, Smetana S. Can Pulsed Electric Fields Treated Algal Cells Be Used as Stationary Phase in Chromatography? FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.860647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are utilized for various purposes through cell content extraction and application. Cell walls are not utilized and not studied in an extensive manner. At the same time, composition of multilayer and fibrillar structures with various chemical compositions depends on microalgae species, they present an interesting object for chromatography. However, it requires the application of novel processing technologies (such as pulsed electric fields [PEFs]), which are able to selectively permeabilize the cell walls with pores of various sizes and shapes. The current review indicates the application of potential of microalgae cell walls for separation by size exclusion, ion-exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. However, such a hypothesis should be further experimentally proven.
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6
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Rahman MM, Hosano N, Hosano H. Recovering Microalgal Bioresources: A Review of Cell Disruption Methods and Extraction Technologies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092786. [PMID: 35566139 PMCID: PMC9104913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have evolved into a promising sustainable source of a wide range of compounds, including protein, carbohydrates, biomass, vitamins, animal feed, and cosmetic products. The process of extraction of intracellular composites in the microalgae industry is largely determined by the microalgal species, cultivation methods, cell wall disruption techniques, and extraction strategies. Various techniques have been applied to disrupt the cell wall and recover the intracellular molecules from microalgae, including non-mechanical, mechanical, and combined methods. A comprehensive understanding of the cell disruption processes in each method is essential to improve the efficiency of current technologies and further development of new methods in this field. In this review, an overview of microalgal cell disruption techniques and an analysis of their performance and challenges are provided. A number of studies on cell disruption and microalgae extraction are examined in order to highlight the key challenges facing the field of microalgae and their future prospects. In addition, the amount of product recovery for each species of microalgae and the important parameters for each technique are discussed. Finally, pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted treatments, which are becoming an attractive option due to their simplicity and effectiveness in extracting microalgae compounds, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mijanur Rahman
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
| | - Nushin Hosano
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioelectrics, Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
| | - Hamid Hosano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioelectrics, Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Sirohi R, Ummalyma SB, Sagar NA, Sharma P, Awasthi MK, Badgujar PC, Madhavan A, Rajasekharan R, Sindhu R, Sim SJ, Pandey A. Strategies and advances in the pretreatment of microalgal biomass. J Biotechnol 2021; 341:63-75. [PMID: 34537253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Modification of structural components, especially the cell wall, through adequate pretreatment strategies is critical to the bioconversion efficiency of algal biomass to biorefinery products. Over the years, several physical, physicochemical, chemical and green pretreatment methods have been developed to achieve maximum productivity of desirable by-products to sustain a circular bioeconomy. The effectiveness of the pretreatment methods is however, species specific due to diversity in the innate nature of the microalgal cell wall. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most notable and promising pretreatment strategies for several microalgae species. Methods including the application of stress, ultrasound, electromagnetic fields, pressure, heat as well as chemical solvents (ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents etc.) have been detailed and analyzed. Enzyme and hydrolytic microorganism based green pretreatment methods have also been reviewed. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for product specificity and lower inhibitors can be a future breakthrough in microalgal pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India.
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India.
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, India.
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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8
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Xu J, Zhao F, Su X. Direct extraction of lipids from wet microalgae slurries by super-high hydrostatic pressure. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Zhang R, Gu X, Xu G, Fu X. Improving the lipid extraction yield from Chlorella based on the controllable electroporation of cell membrane by pulsed electric field. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124933. [PMID: 33721737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the increasingly serious problems of energy and environment, microalgae are used as a raw material for extracting lipids to produce biodiesel. Prior to the extraction of lipids, microalgae were treated with high-voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) to break the cell membrane. It was found that the lipid extraction yield depends on the electric field strength (E) and the specific energy input (Wsp), and has a certain relationship with the cell disintegration rate of Chlorella. The perforation degree of the Chlorella's cell membrane by PEF treatment is controllable, moderate perforation can be ensured by controlling the power parameters. PEF treatment significantly improved the extraction yield of lipids. Compared with the test samples without PEF treatment, PEF treatment increased the lipid extraction yields by up to 166.67%. However, an excessively high voltage will cause the quality of the extracted biodiesel to decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Power & Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School(SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Power & Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School(SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Power & Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School(SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xian Fu
- Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Power & Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School(SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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10
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Pulse Electric Field Technology for Wastewater and Biomass Residues’ Improved Valorization. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and adoption of more efficient and robust technologies for reuse of wastewater embedded resources, in particular materials and energy, is becoming an unavoidable necessity. Among many emerging technologies in the sector of wastewater treatment residuals valorization, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) processes have shown interesting potential, although they have not yet entered the sector’s mainstream as a consolidated commercial technology, as in other industrial applications, such as the food, medical, and bio-based industries. PEF is a non-thermal technology suitable to biological applications, involving gentle cell disintegration and enhanced cell membrane permeability and as such applicable to disinfection, sterilization, and to those processes that benefit from an enhanced extraction of organic compounds from biological matter, such as anaerobic digestion, biological processes for recovery of nutrients, and biorefinery of cell-embedded compounds. PEF technology applications in wastewater/biomass residues management are reported and advantages, drawbacks, and barriers of the technology are discussed in this paper.
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11
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Wang M, Chen H, Liu S, Xiao L. Removal of pathogen and antibiotic resistance genes from waste activated sludge by different pre-treatment approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143014. [PMID: 33190880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In wastewater treatment plants, most of the pathogens and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) transferred into and concentrated in waste activated sludge (WAS), which would cause severe public health risks. In this study, the capabilities of several WAS pre-treatment approaches to inactivate coliforms/E. coli and ARGs, as well as the subsequent regrowth of coliforms/E. coli and ARGs/intI1 in treated sludge were investigated. The results showed that electro-Fenton (EF), with continuous hydroxyl radical generation, could efficiently inactivate coliforms/E. coli in 60 min (about 4 log units), followed by methanol (MT), anode oxidization (AO), and acidification (AT). Kinetic analysis showed that the inactivation mainly occurred in the first 10 min. However, the efficiencies of all studied pre-treatment approaches on inactivating ARGs/intI1 (<2 log units) were lower than coliforms/E. coli, whilst EF still had the highest efficiency of ARGs/intI1 reduction. Mechanical ultrasound treatment (ULS) could not inactivate coliforms/E. coli in WAS, but it could efficiently reduce ARGs/intI1. High regrowth rates of coliforms/E. coli were observed in the treated WAS in 10 days, but the abundances of ARGs/intI1 continuously reduced during the after-treatment incubation. Our study showed that EF could efficiently disinfect potential pathogens, however, the reduction of ARGs/intI1 in WAS need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huiping Chen
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shulei Liu
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lin Xiao
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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12
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Abstract
![]()
Manipulation and navigation of micro
and nanoswimmers in different
fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields,
or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields
as the active external actuation source based on the advantageous
features of this actuation strategy such as remote and spatiotemporal
control, fuel-free, high degree of reconfigurability, programmability,
recyclability, and versatility. This review introduces fundamental
concepts and advantages of magnetic micro/nanorobots (termed here
as “MagRobots”) as well as basic knowledge of magnetic
fields and magnetic materials, setups for magnetic manipulation, magnetic
field configurations, and symmetry-breaking strategies for effective
movement. These concepts are discussed to describe the interactions
between micro/nanorobots and magnetic fields. Actuation mechanisms
of flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion and traveling-wave
locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) and surface walkers (i.e., surface-assisted
motion), applications of magnetic fields in other propulsion approaches,
and magnetic stimulation of micro/nanorobots beyond motion are provided
followed by fabrication techniques for (quasi-)spherical, helical,
flexible, wire-like, and biohybrid MagRobots. Applications of MagRobots
in targeted drug/gene delivery, cell manipulation, minimally invasive
surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery,
pollution removal for environmental remediation, and (bio)sensing
are also reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives
for the development of magnetically powered miniaturized motors are
discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijuan Zhou
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
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13
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Nitsos C, Filali R, Taidi B, Lemaire J. Current and novel approaches to downstream processing of microalgae: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107650. [PMID: 33091484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological application of microalgae cultures at large scale has significant potential in the various fields of biofuels, food and feed, cosmetic, pharmaceutic, environmental remediation and water treatment. Despite this great potential application, industrialisation of microalgae culture and valorisation is still faced with serious remaining challenges in culture scale-up, harvesting and extraction of target molecules. This review presents a general summary of current techniques for harvesting and extraction of biomolecules from microalgae, their relative merits and potential for industrial application. The cell wall composition and its impact on microalgae cell disruption is discussed. Additionally, more recent progress and promising experimental methods and studies are summarised that would allow the reader to further investigate the state of the art. A final survey of energetic assessments of the different techniques is also made. Bead milling and high-pressure homogenisation seem to give clear advantages in terms of target high value compounds extraction from microalgae, with enzyme hydrolysis as a promising emerging technique. Future industrialisation of microalgae for high scale biotechnological processing will require the establishment of universal comparison-standards that would enable easy assessment of one technique against another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Nitsos
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université paris-Saclay, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France.
| | - Rayen Filali
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université paris-Saclay, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France.
| | - Behnam Taidi
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Unierstiy of Paris Sacaly, Bât Gustave Eiffel, 3 rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Julien Lemaire
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université paris-Saclay, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France.
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14
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Gateau H, Blanckaert V, Veidl B, Burlet-Schiltz O, Pichereaux C, Gargaros A, Marchand J, Schoefs B. Application of pulsed electric fields for the biocompatible extraction of proteins from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107588. [PMID: 33147566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to employ a pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment for the biocompatible (non-destructive) extraction of proteins from living cells of the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Using a field strength of 1 kV cm-1, we achieved the extraction of 10.2 µg protein per mL of culture, which corresponded to 46% of the total amount of proteins that could be extracted by complete destructive extraction (i.e. the grinding of biomass with glass beads). We found that the extraction yield was not improved by stronger field strengths and was not dependent on the pulse frequency. A biocompatibility index (BI) was defined as the relative abundance of cells that remained alive after the PEF treatment. This index relied on measurements of several physiological parameters after a PEF treatment. It was found that at 1 kV cm-1 that cultures recovered after 72 h. Therefore, these PEF conditions constituted a good compromise between protein extraction efficiency and culture survival. To characterize the PEF treatment further at a molecular level, mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses of PEF-prepared extracts was used. This led to the identification of 52 electro-extracted proteins. Of these, only 16 proteins were identified when proteins were extracted with PEF at 0.5 cm-1. They belong to core metabolism, stress response and cell movement. Unassigned proteins were also extracted. Their physiological implications and possible utilization in food as alimentary complements are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gateau
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Vincent Blanckaert
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, IUT de Laval, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Brigitte Veidl
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France; Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FRAIB), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Molecules from Microalgae and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France.
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15
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Production of extracellular polysaccharides and phycobiliproteins from Tolypothrix sp. PCC7601 using mechanical milking systems. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Kumar M, Sun Y, Rathour R, Pandey A, Thakur IS, Tsang DCW. Algae as potential feedstock for the production of biofuels and value-added products: Opportunities and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137116. [PMID: 32059310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current review explores the potential application of algal biomass for the production of biofuels and bio-based products. The variety of processes and pathways through which bio-valorization of algal biomass can be performed are described in this review. Various lipid extraction techniques from algal biomass along with transesterification reactions for biodiesel production are briefly discussed. Processes such as the pretreatment and saccharification of algal biomass, fermentation, gasification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and anaerobic digestion for the production of biohydrogen, bio-oils, biomethane, biochar (BC), and various bio-based products are reviewed in detail. The biorefinery model and its collaborative approach with various processes are highlighted for the production of eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective biofuels and value-added products. The authors also discuss opportunities and challenges related to bio-valorization of algal biomass and use their own perspective regarding the processes involved in production and the feasibility to make algal research a reality for the production of biofuels and bio-based products in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rashmi Rathour
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Papachristou I, Silve A, Jianu A, Wüstner R, Nazarova N, Müller G, Frey W. Evaluation of pulsed electric fields effect on the microalgae cell mechanical stability through high pressure homogenization. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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C-phycocyanin extraction from two freshwater cyanobacteria by freeze thaw and pulsed electric field techniques to improve extraction efficiency and purity. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Anto S, Mukherjee SS, Muthappa R, Mathimani T, Deviram G, Kumar SS, Verma TN, Pugazhendhi A. Algae as green energy reserve: Technological outlook on biofuel production. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125079. [PMID: 31678847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Depletion of fossil fuel sources and their emissions have triggered a vigorous research in finding alternative and renewable energy sources. In this regard, algae are being exploited as a third generation feedstock for the production of biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and biohydrogen. However, algal based biofuel does not reach successful peak due to the higher cost issues in cultivation, harvesting and extraction steps. Therefore, this review presents an extensive detail of deriving biofuels from algal biomass starting from various algae cultivation systems like raceway pond and photobioreactors and its bottlenecks. Evolution of biofuel feedstocks from edible oils to algae have been addressed in the initial section of the manuscript to provide insights on the different generation of biofuel. Different configuration of photobioreactor systems used to reduce contamination risk and improve biomass productivity were extensively discussed. Photobioreactor performance greatly relies on the conditions under which it is operated. Hence, the importance of such conditions alike temperature, light intensity, inoculum size, CO2, nutrient concentration, and mixing in bioreactor performance have been described. As the lipid is the main component in biodiesel production, several pretreatment methods such as physical, chemical and biological for disrupting cell membrane to extract lipid were comprehensively reviewed and presented. This review article had put forth the recent advancement in the pretreatment methods like hydrothermal processing of algal biomasses using acid or alkali. Eventually, challenges and future dimensions in algal cultivation and pretreatment process were discussed in detail for making an economically viable algal biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susaimanickam Anto
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli - 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subhra Sankha Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli - 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rhea Muthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli - 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli - 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Garlapati Deviram
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), Chennai - 600 100, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Smita S Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas - 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Tikendra Nath Verma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Manipur, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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20
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Martínez JM, Delso C, Álvarez I, Raso J. Pulsed electric field-assisted extraction of valuable compounds from microorganisms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:530-552. [PMID: 33325176 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, and microalgae) are a promising resource for products of high value such as nutrients, pigments, and enzymes. The majority of these compounds of interest remain inside the cell, thus making it necessary to extract and purify them before use. This review presents the challenges and opportunities in the production of these compounds, the microbial structure and the location of target compounds in the cells, the different procedures proposed for improving extraction of these compounds, and pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction as alternative to these procedures. PEF is a nonthermal technology that produces a precise action on the cytoplasmic membrane improving the selective release of intracellular compounds while avoiding undesirable consequences of heating on the characteristics and purity of the extracts. PEF pretreatment with low energetic requirements allows for high extraction yields. However, PEF parameters should be tailored to each microbial cell, according to their structure, size, and other factors affecting efficiency. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the triggering effect of enzymatic activity during cell incubation after electroporation opens up the possibility of new implementations of PEF for the recovery of compounds that are bounded or assembled in structures. Similarly, PEF parameters and suspension storage conditions need to be optimized to reach the desired effect. PEF can be applied in continuous flow and is adaptable to industrial equipment, making it feasible for scale-up to large processing capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Martínez
- Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlota Delso
- Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Raso
- Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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21
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Venkata Mohan S, Hemalatha M, Chakraborty D, Chatterjee S, Ranadheer P, Kona R. Algal biorefinery models with self-sustainable closed loop approach: Trends and prospective for blue-bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122128. [PMID: 31563289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae due to its metabolic versatility have received a focal attention in the biorefinery and bioeconomy context. Microalgae products have broad and promising application potential in the domain of renewable fuels/energy, nutraceutical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Biorefining of microalgal biomass in a circular loop with an aim to maximize resource recovery is being considered as one of the sustainable option that will have both economical and environmental viability. The expansive scope of microalgae cultivation with self-sustainability approach was discussed in this communication in the framework of blue-bioeconomy. Microalgae based primary products, cultivation strategies, valorization of microalgae biomass for secondary products and integrated biorefinery models for the production of multi-based products were discussed. The need and prospect of self-sustainable models in closed loop format was also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Manupati Hemalatha
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Debkumar Chakraborty
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sulogna Chatterjee
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Palle Ranadheer
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Kona
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India
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22
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Zeng Q, Zan F, Hao T, Biswal BK, Lin S, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen G. Electrochemical pretreatment for stabilization of waste activated sludge: Simultaneously enhancing dewaterability, inactivating pathogens and mitigating hydrogen sulfide. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115035. [PMID: 31494488 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of waste activated sludge (WAS) is an essential step for the disposal or reuse. In this study, WAS stabilization via electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) at 0-15V was evaluated for simultaneous dewaterability enhancement, pathogen removal and H2S mitigation. The mechanism underlying EPT was investigated and discussed based on the changes in the physicochemical (e.g., particle size, zeta potential, hydrophobicity and extracellular polymeric substances) and biological characteristics (i.e. cell morphology, and distribution and percentages of live/dead cells) of WAS with different EPT voltages. The results revealed that EPT disintegrated WAS flocs and disrupted the cell walls leading to a reduction in particle size (by up to 50%), increased release of extracellular and intracellular substances (by up to 4 times) to facilitate WAS stabilization. With EPT at 15V, the capillary suction time of WAS decreased by 42%, and the concentrations of E. coli and indicator pathogens (Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus faecalis) fell by nearly 5 log10 reaching U.S. EPA hygienization levels. Furthermore, EPT at 12V or higher suppressed the amounts of dissolved sulfide and H2S(g) produced from the WAS under anaerobic conditions by over 99%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of EPT for simultaneous WAS dewaterability enhancement, pathogen inactivation and H2S mitigation, providing a one-step alternative for sludge stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Wang Y, Zeng Q, Zou S, Hu C, Chen F, Zhang Y, Rittmann BE. Bioavailable electron donors from ultrasound-treated biomass for stimulating denitrification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109533. [PMID: 31551199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Finding low-cost electron donors to drive denitrification is an important target for many municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs). Excess sludge (biomass) potentially is a low-cost electron donor generated internally to the MWTP, but it has to be made more bioavailable. Aerobic and anoxic biomasses were treated with ultrasound, and their supernatants were used as electron donors for stimulating denitrification. The supernatant from ultrasound-treated anoxic biomass achieved 54% faster nitrate-N removal than did supernatant from the treated aerobic biomass, and the supernatant of untreated biomass was ineffective as an electron donor. UV illumination of the supernatants further enhanced the rates, with increments of 19% and 14%, respectively for the aerobic and anoxic supernatants. Sodium acetate at a range of initial concentrations was compared as a readily bioavailable electron donor to gauge the acceleration impact of the supernatants as equivalent bioavailable chemical oxygen demand (COD). The total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) of the supernatant harvested from anoxic biomass without UV illumination was 76% bioavailable, while its bioavailable TCOD was 78% after UV illumination. For the supernatant from the aerobic biomass, the bioavailable fractions were, respectively, 56% and 58% without and with UV illumination. The greatest impact for converting excess biomass into a source of bioavailable electron donor to drive denitrification came from ultrasound treatment of the biomass, which disrupted the biomass to form particulate chemical oxygen demand (PCOD) that was bioavailable. PCOD was at least 51% bioavailable, and it contributed no less than 82% of the bioavailable COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youke Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Zeng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Shasha Zou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287-5701, USA
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24
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25
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Lafarga T. Cultured Microalgae and Compounds Derived Thereof for Food Applications: Strain Selection and Cultivation, Drying, and Processing Strategies. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1655572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Lafarga
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Postharvest Programme, Processed Fruits and Vegetables, Lleida, Spain
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26
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Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Xu S, Guo B, Liu Y, Xia S. Promoting waste activated sludge reduction by linear alkylbenzene sulfonates: Surfactant dose control extracellular polymeric substances solubilization and microbial community succession. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:74-82. [PMID: 30978633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Short-time aerobic digestion (STAD) was proved to promote the reduction of waste activated sludge (WAS). This study systematically disclosed the influential characteristics and mechanisms of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) dosage on the reduction of WAS in STAD system. Flow cytometer (FC) combined with SYTOX Green (SG) dye was used to differentiate extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) release and cell lysis of WAS during STAD process. LAS lower than 0.10 g/g total suspended solids (TSS) brought about EPS solubilization and the decrease of sludge floc size, and the accumulated soluble microbial products (SMP) could be biodegraded by heterotrophs. Moreover, the activity of microorganisms (denoted as specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR)) and proportion of bacteria functional for LAS and SMP biodegradation dramatically increased, leading to a high LAS biodegradation rate (kLAS) and increased WAS biodegradation rate (kCOD, WAS). Even more LAS (> 0.10 g/g TSS) caused cell lysis, leading to the decreased kTCOD and kLAS, and therefore inhibit the reduction of WAS. High WAS reduction and LAS biodegradation rate were achieved at the LAS dosage of 0.10 g/g TSS in STAD system. This study lays the foundation for improving WAS reduction by optimizing surfactant dose in STAD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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27
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Phosphate depletion controls lipid content and accumulation of heterotrophic bacteria during growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5007-5014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Electro-selective fermentation enhances lipid extraction and biohydrogenation of Scenedesmus acutus biomass. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Zhou Y, Marcus AK, Straka L, Eustance E, Lai YS, Xia S, Rittmann BE. Uptake of phosphate by Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in dark conditions: Removal driving force and modeling. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:147-156. [PMID: 30471495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid uptake of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by microalgae should occur through two processes operating in parallel: onto extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and intracellular polymeric substances (IPS). Most previous studies focused only on overall Pi uptake and ignored the roles of EPS. We investigated the two-step removal of Pi by Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in dark conditions (i.e., without incorporation of Pi into newly synthesized biomass). We also developed a model to simulate both steps. Experimental results with Synechocystis confirmed that Pi in the bulk solution was removed by the two uptake mechanisms operating in parallel, but with different kinetics. All uptake rates decreased with time, and the Pi uptake rate by IPS was much higher than that by EPS at all times, but EPS had a larger maximum Pi-storage capacity -- 33-48 mgP/gCODEPS versus 15-17 mgP/gCODIPS. Synechocystis had a maximum Pi-storage capacity in the range of 22-28 mgP/g dry biomass. Protein in EPS and IPS played the key role for binding Pi, and biomass with higher protein content had greater Pi-storage capacity. Furthermore, biomass with low initial stored Pi had faster Pi-uptake kinetics, leading to more Pi removed from the bulk solution. This work lays the foundation for using microalgae as a means to remove Pi from polluted water and for understanding competition for Pi in microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Andrew K Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - Levi Straka
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - Everett Eustance
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - YenJung Sean Lai
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA.
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Chen H, Li T, Wang Q. Ten years of algal biofuel and bioproducts: gains and pains. PLANTA 2019; 249:195-219. [PMID: 30603791 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that future efforts should focus on basic studies, biotechnology studies and synthetic biology studies related to algal biofuels and various high-value bioproducts for the economically viable production of algal biof uels. In recognition of diminishing fossil fuel reserves and the worsening environment, microalgal biofuel has been proposed as a renewable energy source with great potential. Algal biofuel thus became one of the hottest topics in renewable energy research in the new century, especially over the past decade. Between 2007 and 2017, research related to microalgal biofuels experienced a dramatic, three-stage development, rising, growing exponentially, and then declining rapidly due to overheating of the subject. However, biofuel-driven algal biotechnology and bioproducts research has been thriving since 2010. To clarify the gains (and pains) of the past decade and detail prospects for the future, this review summarizes the extensive scientific progress and substantial technical advances in algal biofuel over the past decade, covering basic biology, applied research, as well as the production of value-added natural products. Even after 10 years of hard work and billions of dollars in investments, its unacceptably high cost remains the ultimate bottleneck for the industrialization of algal biofuel. To maximize the total research benefits, both economically and socially, it has been proposed that future efforts should focus on basic studies to characterize oilgae, on biotechnology studies into various high-value bioproducts. Moreover, the development of synthetic biology provides new possibilities for the economically viable production of biofuels via the directional manufacture of microalgal bioproducts in algal cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Rd., Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Tianpei Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Rd., Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Rd., Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Karim A, Islam MA, Mohammad Faizal CK, Yousuf A, Howarth M, Dubey BN, Cheng CK, Rahman Khan MM. Enhanced Biohydrogen Production from Citrus Wastewater Using Anaerobic Sludge Pretreated by an Electroporation Technique. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abu Yousuf
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Martin Howarth
- National Centre of Excellence for Food Engineering (NCEFE), Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Bipro Nath Dubey
- National Centre of Excellence for Food Engineering (NCEFE), Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, United Kingdom
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Silve A, Kian CB, Papachristou I, Kubisch C, Nazarova N, Wüstner R, Leber K, Strässner R, Frey W. Incubation time after pulsed electric field treatment of microalgae enhances the efficiency of extraction processes and enables the reduction of specific treatment energy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:179-187. [PMID: 30172181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) pre-treatment, applied on fresh microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides, induces spontaneous release of a substantial water fraction and enables subsequent lipid extraction using ethanol-hexane blends. In this study, fresh microalgae suspensions were treated with PEF and incubated under inert conditions. Incubation promotes the release of ions and carbohydrates and increases the yields of subsequent lipid extraction thus enabling a considerable reduction of PEF-treatment energy. With a 20 h incubation period at 25 °C, almost total lipid extraction is achieved with a specific PEF-treatment energy of only 0.25 MJ/kgDW. Incubation on ice remains beneficial but less efficient than at 25 °C. Additionally, incubating microalgae cells in suspension at 100gDW/L or in a dense paste, was almost equally efficient. Correlation between the different results suggests that spontaneous release of ions and carbohydrates facilitates more successful lipid extraction. A direct causality between the two phenomena remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Silve
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Chua Boon Kian
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Papachristou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christin Kubisch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Natalja Nazarova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wüstner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Klaus Leber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ralf Strässner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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33
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Cell disruption by cationic surfactants affects bioproduct recovery from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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An Overview of Current Pretreatment Methods Used to Improve Lipid Extraction from Oleaginous Micro-Organisms. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071562. [PMID: 29958398 PMCID: PMC6100488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oils, obtained from oleaginous microorganisms are an emerging source of commercially valuable chemicals ranging from pharmaceuticals to the petroleum industry. In petroleum biorefineries, the microbial biomass has become a sustainable source of renewable biofuels. Biodiesel is mainly produced from oils obtained from oleaginous microorganisms involving various upstream and downstream processes, such as cultivation, harvesting, lipid extraction, and transesterification. Among them, lipid extraction is a crucial step for the process and it represents an important bottleneck for the commercial scale production of biodiesel. Lipids are synthesized in the cellular compartment of oleaginous microorganisms in the form of lipid droplets, so it is necessary to disrupt the cells prior to lipid extraction in order to improve the extraction yields. Various mechanical, chemical and physicochemical pretreatment methods are employed to disintegrate the cellular membrane of oleaginous microorganisms. The objective of the present review article is to evaluate the various pretreatment methods for efficient lipid extraction from the oleaginous cellular biomass available to date, as well as to discuss their advantages and disadvantages, including their effect on the lipid yield. The discussed mechanical pretreatment methods are oil expeller, bead milling, ultrasonication, microwave, high-speed and high-pressure homogenizer, laser, autoclaving, pulsed electric field, and non-mechanical methods, such as enzymatic treatment, including various emerging cell disruption techniques.
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Yellapu SK, Kaur R, Kumar LR, Tiwari B, Zhang X, Tyagi RD. Recent developments of downstream processing for microbial lipids and conversion to biodiesel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:515-528. [PMID: 29472122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With increasing global population and depleting resources, there is an apparent demand for radical unprecedented innovation to satisfy the basal needs of lives. Hence, non-conventional renewable energy resources like biodiesel have been worked out in past few decades. Biofuel (e.g. Biodiesel) serves to be the most sustainable answer to solve "food vs. fuel crisis". In biorefinery process, lipid extraction from oleaginous microbial lipids is an integral part as it facilitates the release of fatty acids. Direct lipid extraction from wet cell-biomass is favorable in comparison to dry-cell biomass because it eliminates the application of expensive dehydration. However, this process is not commercialized yet, instead, it requires intensive research and development in order to establish robust approaches for lipid extraction that can be practically applied on an industrial scale. This review aims for the critical presentation on cell disruption, lipid recovery and purification to support extraction from wet cell-biomass for an efficient transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan Kumar Yellapu
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Lalit R Kumar
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhagyashree Tiwari
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Rajeshwar D Tyagi
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Karim A, Yousuf A, Islam MA, Naif YH, Faizal CKM, Alam MZ, Pirozzi D. Microbial lipid extraction from Lipomyces starkeyi
using irreversible electroporation. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:838-845. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahasanul Karim
- Dept. of Energy and Environment, Faculty of Engineering Technology; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang 26300 Malaysia
| | - Abu Yousuf
- Dept. of Energy and Environment, Faculty of Engineering Technology; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang 26300 Malaysia
| | - M. Amirul Islam
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang 26300 Malaysia
| | - Yasir H. Naif
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang 26300 Malaysia
| | - Che Ku Mohammad Faizal
- Dept. of Energy and Environment, Faculty of Engineering Technology; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang 26300 Malaysia
| | - Md. Zahangir Alam
- Dept. of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; International Islamic University Malaysia; Gombak Kuala Lumpur 50728 Malaysia
| | - Domenico Pirozzi
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production; University Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
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Khan MI, Shin JH, Kim JD. The promising future of microalgae: current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:36. [PMID: 29506528 PMCID: PMC5836383 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, due to their extensive application potential in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Microalgae are renewable, sustainable, and economical sources of biofuels, bioactive medicinal products, and food ingredients. Several microalgae species have been investigated for their potential as value-added products with remarkable pharmacological and biological qualities. As biofuels, they are a perfect substitute to liquid fossil fuels with respect to cost, renewability, and environmental concerns. Microalgae have a significant ability to convert atmospheric CO2 to useful products such as carbohydrates, lipids, and other bioactive metabolites. Although microalgae are feasible sources for bioenergy and biopharmaceuticals in general, some limitations and challenges remain, which must be overcome to upgrade the technology from pilot-phase to industrial level. The most challenging and crucial issues are enhancing microalgae growth rate and product synthesis, dewatering algae culture for biomass production, pretreating biomass, and optimizing the fermentation process in case of algal bioethanol production. The present review describes the advantages of microalgae for the production of biofuels and various bioactive compounds and discusses culturing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
| | - Jong Deog Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
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38
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Zhou Y, Eustance E, Straka L, Lai YS, Xia S, Rittmann BE. Quantification of heterotrophic bacteria during the growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using fluorescence activated cell sorting and microscopy. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Yodsuwan N, Kamonpatana P, Chisti Y, Sirisansaneeyakul S. Ohmic heating pretreatment of algal slurry for production of biodiesel. J Biotechnol 2018; 267:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Safavi SM, Unnthorsson R. Enhanced methane production from pig slurry with pulsed electric field pre-treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:479-489. [PMID: 28270057 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1304455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive amount of manure produced in pig breeding sectors represents negative impact on the environment and requires optimal management. Anaerobic digestion as a well-known manure management process was optimized in this experimental study by pulsed electric field (PEF) pre-treatment. The effect of PEF on methane production was investigated at three different intensities (15, 30 and 50 kWh/m3). The results indicate that the methane production and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was improved by continuous escalation of applied intensity, up to 50 kWh/m3. In comparison with untreated slurry, methane production and COD removal were increased up to 58% and 44%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Runar Unnthorsson
- a School of Engineering and Natural Sciences , University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
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41
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Zhou Y, Lai YS, Eustance E, Straka L, Zhou C, Xia S, Rittmann BE. How myristyltrimethylammonium bromide enhances biomass harvesting and pigments extraction from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:189-196. [PMID: 28957695 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB) is a cationic surfactant used to improve biomass harvesting and pigment extraction form microalgae, but the mechanisms underlying its effectiveness are poorly defined. We document the mechanisms for enhanced harvesting and pigment extraction for the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using measurements from flow cytometer, zeta potential, release of soluble components, and microscopy. Harvesting efficiency increased as the MTAB/Biomass dose increased from 0 to 40%. A low MTAB dose (≤ 8%) mainly brought about coagulation and flocculation, which led to aggregation that improved harvesting, but 40% MTAB had the highest harvesting efficiency, 62%. Adding MTAB above a MTAB/Biomass dose of 8% also increased cell-membrane permeability, which allowed the solvent (ethyl acetate) to pass into the cells and resulted in a large increase in extraction efficiency of pigments: An MTAB/Biomass ratio of 60% for 180 min achieved the highest extraction efficiencies of chlorophyll and carotenoids, 95% and 91%, respectively. Combining harvesting and extraction performances with results from flow cytometry, zeta potential, release of soluble components, and microscopy lead to the following mechanistic understandings. MTAB dose from 8% to 40% solubilized EPS, which lowered the biomass's negative charge, but caused breakup of the large aggregates. An increase of cell permeability also in this stage allowed ethyl acetate to pass into the cells and achieve better pigment extraction. MTAB >40% led to cell lysis and a large increase in soluble organics, but complete cell lysis was not required to achieve the maximum extraction efficiency. The MTAB/Biomass % ratio for optimizing harvest efficiency and pigment extraction lay in the range of 40%-60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - YenJung Sean Lai
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
| | - Everett Eustance
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
| | - Levi Straka
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States.
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Safavi SM, Unnthorsson R. Methane yield enhancement via electroporation of organic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 66:61-69. [PMID: 28285733 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study with pulsed electric field (PEF) pre-treatment was conducted to investigate its effect on methane production. PEF pre-treatment converts organic solids into soluble and colloidal forms, increasing bioavailability for anaerobic microorganisms participating in methane generation process. The substrates tested were landfill leachate and fruit/vegetable. Three treatment intensities of 15, 30, and 50kWh/m3 were applied to investigate the influence of pre-treatment on methane production via biochemical methane potential test. Threshold treatment intensity was found to be around 30kWh/m3 for landfill leachate beyond which the methane production enhanced linearly with increase in intensity. Methane production of the landfill leachate significantly increased up to 44% with the highest intensity. The result of pulsed electric field pre-treatment on fruit/vegetable showed that 15kWh/m3 was the intensity by which the highest amount of methane (up to 7%) was achieved. Beyond this intensity, the methane production decreased. Chemical oxygen demand removals were increased up to 100% for landfill leachate and 17% for fruit/vegetable, compared to the untreated slurries. Results indicate that the treatment intensity has a significant effect on the methane production and biosolid removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Masoumeh Safavi
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-II, Hjardarhaga 6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Runar Unnthorsson
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-II, Hjardarhaga 6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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43
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Howlader MS, French WT, Shields‐Menard SA, Amirsadeghi M, Green M, Rai N. Microbial cell disruption for improving lipid recovery using pressurized CO2: Role of CO2solubility in cell suspension, sugar broth, and spent media. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:737-748. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Howlader
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical EngineeringMississippi State UniversityMississippi State MS39762
| | - William Todd French
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical EngineeringMississippi State UniversityMississippi State MS39762
| | | | - Marta Amirsadeghi
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical EngineeringMississippi State UniversityMississippi State MS39762
| | - Magan Green
- Mississippi State Chemical LaboratoryMississippi State UniversityMississippi State MS39762
| | - Neeraj Rai
- Mississippi State Chemical LaboratoryMississippi State UniversityMississippi State MS39762
- Center for Advanced Vehicular System, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State MS39762
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44
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Forfang K, Zimmermann B, Kosa G, Kohler A, Shapaval V. FTIR Spectroscopy for Evaluation and Monitoring of Lipid Extraction Efficiency for Oleaginous Fungi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170611. [PMID: 28118388 PMCID: PMC5261814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could be used to evaluate and monitor lipid extraction processes, the extraction methods of Folch, Bligh and Lewis were used. Biomass of the oleaginous fungi Mucor circinelloides and Mortierella alpina were employed as lipid-rich material for the lipid extraction. The presence of lipids was determined by recording infrared spectra of all components in the lipid extraction procedure, such as the biomass before and after extraction, the water and extract phases. Infrared spectra revealed the incomplete extraction after all three extraction methods applied to M.circinelloides and it was shown that mechanical disruption using bead beating and HCl treatment were necessary to complete the extraction in this species. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify components, such as polyphosphates, that may have negatively affected the extraction process and resulted in differences in extraction efficiency between M.circinelloides and M.alpina. Residual lipids could not be detected in the infrared spectra of M.alpina biomass after extraction using the Folch and Lewis methods, indicating their complete lipid extraction in this species. Bligh extraction underestimated the fatty acid content of both M.circinelloides and M.alpina biomass and an increase in the initial solvent-to-sample ratio (from 3:1 to 20:1) was needed to achieve complete extraction and a lipid-free IR spectrum. In accordance with previous studies, the gravimetric lipid yield was shown to overestimate the potential of the SCO producers and FAME quantification in GC-FID was found to be the best-suited method for lipid quantification. We conclude that FTIR spectroscopy can serve as a tool for evaluating the lipid extraction efficiency, in addition to identifying components that may affect lipid extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Forfang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gergely Kosa
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
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46
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Guldhe A, Misra R, Singh P, Rawat I, Bux F. An innovative electrochemical process to alleviate the challenges for harvesting of small size microalgae by using non-sacrificial carbon electrodes. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Ochsenreither K, Glück C, Stressler T, Fischer L, Syldatk C. Production Strategies and Applications of Microbial Single Cell Oils. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1539. [PMID: 27761130 PMCID: PMC5050229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the ω-3 and ω-6 class (e.g., α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid) are essential for maintaining biofunctions in mammalians like humans. Due to the fact that humans cannot synthesize these essential fatty acids, they must be taken up from different food sources. Classical sources for these fatty acids are porcine liver and fish oil. However, microbial lipids or single cell oils, produced by oleaginous microorganisms such as algae, fungi and bacteria, are a promising source as well. These single cell oils can be used for many valuable chemicals with applications not only for nutrition but also for fuels and are therefore an ideal basis for a bio-based economy. A crucial point for the establishment of microbial lipids utilization is the cost-effective production and purification of fuels or products of higher value. The fermentative production can be realized by submerged (SmF) or solid state fermentation (SSF). The yield and the composition of the obtained microbial lipids depend on the type of fermentation and the particular conditions (e.g., medium, pH-value, temperature, aeration, nitrogen source). From an economical point of view, waste or by-product streams can be used as cheap and renewable carbon and nitrogen sources. In general, downstream processing costs are one of the major obstacles to be solved for full economic efficiency of microbial lipids. For the extraction of lipids from microbial biomass cell disruption is most important, because efficiency of cell disruption directly influences subsequent downstream operations and overall extraction efficiencies. A multitude of cell disruption and lipid extraction methods are available, conventional as well as newly emerging methods, which will be described and discussed in terms of large scale applicability, their potential in a modern biorefinery and their influence on product quality. Furthermore, an overview is given about applications of microbial lipids or derived fatty acids with emphasis on food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ochsenreither
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Glück
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Timo Stressler
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
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Lai YS, McCaw A, Ontiveros-Valencia A, Shi Y, Parameswaran P, Rittmann BE. Multiple synergistic benefits of selective fermentation of Scenedesmus biomass for fuel recovery via wet-biomass extraction. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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49
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Bodénès P, Lopes F, Pareau D, Français O, Le Pioufle B. Microdevice for studying the in situ permeabilization and characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in lipid accumulation phase. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Hua L, Guo L, Thakkar M, Wei D, Agbakpe M, Kuang L, Magpile M, Chaplin BP, Tao Y, Shuai D, Zhang X, Mitra S, Zhang W. Effects of anodic oxidation of a substoichiometric titanium dioxide reactive electrochemical membrane on algal cell destabilization and lipid extraction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:112-117. [PMID: 26722810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient algal harvesting, cell pretreatment and lipid extraction are the major steps challenging the algal biofuel industrialization. To develop sustainable solutions for economically viable algal biofuels, our research aims at devising innovative reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) filtration systems for simultaneous algal harvesting and pretreatment for lipid extraction. The results in this work particularly demonstrated the use of the Ti4O7-based REM in algal pretreatment and the positive impacts on lipid extraction. After REM treatment, algal cells exhibited significant disruption in morphology and photosynthetic activity due to the anodic oxidation. Cell lysis was evidenced by the changes of fluorescent patterns of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the treated algal suspension. The lipid extraction efficiency increased from 15.2 ± 0.6 g-lipidg-algae(-1) for untreated algae to 23.4 ± 0.7 g-lipidg-algae(-1) for treated algae (p<0.05), which highlights the potential to couple algal harvesting with cell pretreatment in an integrated REM filtration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Hua
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Lun Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Megha Thakkar
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Dequan Wei
- Research Center of Environmental Engineering & Management, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Michael Agbakpe
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Liyuan Kuang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Maraha Magpile
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Brian P Chaplin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Yi Tao
- Research Center of Environmental Engineering & Management, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Danmeng Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Research Center of Environmental Engineering & Management, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
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