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Huo Y, An Z, Li M, Jiang J, Zhou Y, Xie J, Zhang J, He M. Atmospheric fate of typical liquid crystal monomers in the tropospheric gas, liquid, and granular phases. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:348-360. [PMID: 37923444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Mineral aerosol particles significantly impact environmental risk prediction of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs). In this work, we investigated the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of three typical LCMs (4-cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate (CEB-2F), 4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate (CEB-F), and 4-cyanophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate (CEB)) with ozone (O3) in the atmospheric gas, liquid, and particle phases employing density functional theory (DFT). Here, O3 is prone to add to the benzene ring without F atom(s) in the selected LCMs. The ozonolysis products are aldehydes, carboxylic acids, epoxides, and unsaturated hydrocarbons containing aromatic rings. Those products undergo secondary ozonolysis to generate small molecular compounds such as glyoxal, which is beneficial for generating secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Titanium dioxide (TiO2), an essential component of mineral aerosol particles, has good adsorption properties for LCMs; however, it slightly reduces the reactivity with O3. At 298 K, the reaction rate constant of the selected LCMs reacting with O3 in the gas and atmospheric liquid phases is (2.74‒5.53) × 10-24 cm3/(mol·sec) and 5.58 × 10-3‒39.1 L/(mol·sec), while CEB-2F reacting with O3 on (TiO2)6 cluster is 1.84 × 10-24 cm3/(mol·sec). The existence of TiO2 clusters increases the persistence and long-distance transportability of LCMs, which enlarges the contaminated area of LCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Huo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zexiu An
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mingxue Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jinchan Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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2
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Vallieres M, Jones SH, Schwartz-Narbonne H, Donaldson DJ. Photochemical renoxification on commercial indoor photoactive paint. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17835. [PMID: 37857714 PMCID: PMC10587164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface chemistry plays an important role in the indoor environment owing to the large indoor surface to volume ratio. This study explores the photoreactivity of surfaces painted with a photoactive paint in the presence of NOx. Two types of experiments are performed; illumination of painted surfaces with a nitrate deposit and illumination of painted surfaces in the presence of gaseous NO. For both types of experiments, illumination with a fluorescent bulb causes the greatest change in measured gaseous NOx concentrations. Results show that relative humidity and paint composition play an important role in the photoreactivity of indoor painted surfaces. Painted surfaces could contribute to gas-phase oxidant concentrations indoors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - D James Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.
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3
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Wang T, Liu Y, Deng Y, Cheng H, Yang Y, Feng Y, Zhang L, Fu H, Chen J. Photochemical Oxidation of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) on Mineral Dust and Enhanced Organic Ammonium Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15631-15642. [PMID: 33210909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which is closely related to biogenic emissions, is of great importance in the atmosphere for its ubiquitous existence and rich abundance. Levoglucosan, a typical WSOC, is usually considered to be stable and thus used as a tracer of biomass burning. However, we found that levoglucosan can be photo-oxidized on mineral dust, with formic acid, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, 2,3-dioxopropanoic acid, dicarbonic acid, performic acid, mesoxalaldehyde, 2-hydroxymalonaldehyde, carbonic formic anhydride, and 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione detected as main products. Further, we observed the heterogeneous uptake of NH3 promoted by the carboxylic acids stemming from the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of levoglucosan. The mineral-dust-initiated PCO of levoglucosan and enhanced heterogeneous uptake of NH3, which are highly influenced by irradiation and moisture conditions, were for the first time revealed. The reaction mechanisms and pathways were studied in detail by diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-ToF-MS) and flow reactor systems. Diverse WSOC constituents were studied as well, and the reactivity toward NH3 is related to the number of hydroxyl groups of the WSOC molecules. This work reveals a new precursor of secondary organic aerosols and provides experimental evidence of the existence of organic ammonium salts in atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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4
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DiMeglio JL, Breuhaus-Alvarez AG, Li S, Bartlett BM. Nitrate-Mediated Alcohol Oxidation on Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John L. DiMeglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew G. Breuhaus-Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bart M. Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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5
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Ponczek M, George C. Kinetics and Product Formation during the Photooxidation of Butanol on Atmospheric Mineral Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5191-5198. [PMID: 29595957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mineral dust particles have photochemical properties that can promote heterogeneous reactions on their surfaces and therefore alter atmospheric composition. Even though dust photocatalytic nature has received significant attention recently, most studies have focused on inorganic trace gases. Here, we investigated how light changes the chemical interactions between butanol and Arizona test dust, a proxy for mineral dust, under atmospheric conditions. Butanol uptake kinetics were measured, exploring the effects of UV light irradiation intensity (0-1.4 mW/cm2), relative humidity (0-10%), temperature (283-298 K), and butanol initial concentration (20-55 ppb). The composition of the gas phase was monitored by a high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) operating in H3O+ mode. Water was observed to play a significant role, initially reducing heterogeneous processing of butanol but enhancing reaction rates once it evaporated. Gas phase products were identified, showing that surface reactions of adsorbed butanol led to the emission of a variety of carbonyl containing compounds. Under actinic light these compounds will photolyze and produce hydroxyl radicals, changing dust processing from a sink of VOC into a source of reactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ponczek
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Christian George
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 , Villeurbanne , France
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Wu L, Liu Q, Tong S, Jing B, Wang W, Guo Y, Ge M. Mechanism and Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reactions of Unsaturated Organic Acids on α-Al 2 O 3 and CaCO 3. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3515-3523. [PMID: 27504908 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactions have a vital role in the atmosphere due to their significant effects on the evolution of atmospheric aerosols, which in turn contribute to air pollution. However, the mechanism and kinetics of these processes involving unsaturated organic acids, important types of volatile organic compounds, are still unclear. In this work, the heterogeneous uptake of two representative atmospheric unsaturated organic acids (acrylic acid and methacrylic acid) on mineral aerosols including α-Al2 O3 and CaCO3 are investigated using a Knudsen cell reactor and an in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry (DRIFTS) reactor. The corresponding reaction pathways are proposed from the DRIFTS analysis. In addition, the initial uptake coefficients of unsaturated organic acids and their heterogeneous fate are obtained for the first time. Our results suggest that heterogeneous reactions on α-Al2 O3 and CaCO3 can be important sinks for acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, as well as possible contributors to the organic coating found on atmospheric aerosols, especially in high-pollution events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Qifan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R.China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yucong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R.China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment (CEUAE), Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
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7
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Romanias MN, Zeineddine MN, Gaudion V, Lun X, Thevenet F, Riffault V. Heterogeneous Interaction of Isopropanol with Natural Gobi Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11714-11722. [PMID: 27680094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of isopropanol on Gobi dust was investigated in the temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) ranges of 273-348 K and <0.01-70%, respectively, using zero air as bath gas. The kinetic measurements were performed using a novel experimental setup combining Fourier-Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) and selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for gas-phase monitoring. The initial uptake coefficient, γ0, of isopropanol was measured as a function of several parameters (concentration, temperature, relative humidity, dust mass). γ0 was found independent of temperature while it was inversely dependent on relative humidity according to the empirical expression: γ0 = 5.37 × 10-7/(0.77+RH0.6). Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms of isopropanol were determined and the results were simulated with the Langmuir adsorption model to obtain the partitioning constant, KLin, as a function of temperature and relative humidity according to the expressions: KLin = (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10-2 exp [(1764 ± 132)/T] and KLin = 15.75/(3.21+RH1.77). Beside the kinetics, a detailed product study was conducted under UV irradiation conditions (350-420 nm) in a photochemical reactor. Acetone, formaldehyde, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide, and water were identified as gas-phase products. Besides, the surface products were extracted and analyzed employing HPLC; Hydroxyacetone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and methylglyoxal were identified as surface products while the formation of several other compounds were observed but were not identified. Moreover, the photoactivation of the surface was verified employing diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Romanias
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mohamad N Zeineddine
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Gaudion
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xiaoxiu Lun
- Beijing Forestry University , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Frederic Thevenet
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Veronique Riffault
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
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8
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Romanías MN, Ourrad H, Thévenet F, Riffault V. Investigating the Heterogeneous Interaction of VOCs with Natural Atmospheric Particles: Adsorption of Limonene and Toluene on Saharan Mineral Dusts. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1197-212. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N. Romanías
- Mines Douai, SAGE, 941
rue Charles Bourseul, F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Habib Ourrad
- Mines Douai, SAGE, 941
rue Charles Bourseul, F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Thévenet
- Mines Douai, SAGE, 941
rue Charles Bourseul, F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- Mines Douai, SAGE, 941
rue Charles Bourseul, F-59508 Douai, France
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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9
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Hering T, Slanina T, Hancock A, Wille U, König B. Visible light photooxidation of nitrate: the dawn of a nocturnal radical. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6568-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly oxidizing nitrate radicals (NO3˙) are easily accessed from readily available nitrate salts by visible light photoredox catalysis using a purely organic dye as the catalyst and oxygen as the terminal oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hering
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- D-93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - T. Slanina
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- D-93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - A. Hancock
- School of Chemistry and BIO21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - U. Wille
- School of Chemistry and BIO21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - B. König
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- D-93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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10
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Al-Abadleh HA. Review of the bulk and surface chemistry of iron in atmospherically relevant systems containing humic-like substances. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current state of knowledge and future research directions of the bulk and surface chemistry of iron relevant to atmospheric surfaces are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A. Al-Abadleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Wilfrid Laurier University
- Waterloo
- Canada
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11
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Polluted dust promotes new particle formation and growth. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6634. [PMID: 25319109 PMCID: PMC4198867 DOI: 10.1038/srep06634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding new particle formation and their subsequent growth in the troposphere has a critical impact on our ability to predict atmospheric composition and global climate change. High pre-existing particle loadings have been thought to suppress the formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles due to high condensation and coagulation sinks. Here, based on field measurements at a mountain site in South China, we report, for the first time, in situ observational evidence on new particle formation and growth in remote ambient atmosphere during heavy dust episodes mixed with anthropogenic pollution. Both the formation and growth rates of particles in the diameter range 15–50 nm were enhanced during the dust episodes, indicating the influence of photo-induced, dust surface-mediated reactions and resulting condensable vapor production. This study provides unique in situ observations of heterogeneous photochemical processes inducing new particle formation and growth in the real atmosphere, and suggests an unexpected impact of mineral dust on climate and atmospheric chemistry.
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Tofan-Lazar J, Al-Abadleh HA. Surface water enhances the uptake and photoreactivity of gaseous catechol on solid iron(III) chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 48:394-402. [PMID: 24295105 DOI: 10.1021/es404321s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and photoreactivity of catechol-Fe complexes are investigated at the gas/solid interface under humid and dry conditions, along with the nature of the hydrogen-bonding network of adsorbed water. Catechol was chosen as a simple model for organics in aerosols. Iron chloride was used to distinguish ionic mobility from binding to coordinated iron(III) in hematite. Studies were conducted using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy as a function of irradiation time. Results show that adsorbed water at 30% relative humidity (RH), not light, increases the concentration of adsorbed catechol by a factor of 3 over 60 min relative to dry conditions. Also, our data show that, at 30% RH and under light and dark conditions, growth factors describing the concentration of adsorbed catechol are very similar suggesting that light does not significantly enhance the uptake of catechol vapor on FeCl3. Surface water also enhances the initial photodecay kinetics of catechol-Fe complexes at 30% RH by a factor of 10 relative to control experiments (RH < 1%, or no FeCl3 under humid conditions). Absorptions assigned to carbonyl groups were not observed with irradiation time, which was explained by the dominance of FeCl(2+) species relative to FeOH(2+) in the highly acidic "quasi-liquid" phase at 30% RH. Clear differences in the hydrogen-bonding network upon gaseous catechol uptake are observed in the dark and light and during the photodecay of adsorbed catechol. The implications of these results on our understanding of interfacial processes in aged iron-containing surfaces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tofan-Lazar
- Chemistry Department, Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
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Styler SA, Myers AL, Donaldson DJ. Heterogeneous photooxidation of fluorotelomer alcohols: a new source of aerosol-phase perfluorinated carboxylic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6358-6367. [PMID: 23688121 DOI: 10.1021/es4011509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of the atmospheric fate(s) of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), a class of high-production-volume chemicals used in the production of water- and oil-repelling surface coatings and which have been detected in a wide variety of urban and remote environmental matrices. In the present study, we investigated the uptake and photochemistry of FTOHs at the surface of TiO2, Fe2O3, Mauritanian sand, and Icelandic volcanic ash. Gas-phase 3,3,3-trifluoropropanol, 4:2 FTOH, and 6:2 FTOH exhibited significant uptake to each of the surfaces under study. The sand- and ash-catalyzed heterogeneous photooxidation of 6:2 FTOH resulted in the rapid production and subsequent slow degradation of surface-sorbed perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs). We suggest that this transformation, which proceeds via saturated and unsaturated fluorotelomer carboxylic acid intermediates (6:2 FTCA/FTUCA), is catalyzed by Fe and Ti contained within the samples. These results provide the first evidence that the heterogeneous oxidation of FTOHs at metal-rich atmospheric surfaces may provide a significant loss mechanism for these chemicals and also act as a source of aerosol-phase PFCAs close to source regions. Subsequent long-range transport of these aerosol-sorbed PFCAs has the potential to join oceanic transport and local gas-phase FTOH oxidation as a source of PFCAs to Arctic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Styler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chen H, Nanayakkara CE, Grassian VH. Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis in Atmospheric Chemistry. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5919-48. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Chen
- Departments
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and §Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Charith E. Nanayakkara
- Departments
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and §Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Departments
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and §Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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15
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Styler SA, Donaldson DJ. Heterogeneous photochemistry of oxalic acid on Mauritanian sand and Icelandic volcanic ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8756-63. [PMID: 22816795 DOI: 10.1021/es300953t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Teragram quantities of crustal and volcanic aerosol are released into the atmosphere on an annual basis. Although these substrates contain photoactive metal oxides, little is known about the role that they may play in catalyzing the heterogeneous phototransformation of semivolatile organic species. In the present study, we have investigated oxalic acid photochemistry at the surface of Fe(2)O(3), TiO(2), Mauritanian sand, and Icelandic volcanic ash in the presence and absence of oxygen using a photochemical Knudsen cell reactor. Illumination of all sample types resulted in the production of gas-phase CO(2). In the case of Mauritanian sand, the production of gas-phase CO(2) scaled with the loss of surface oxalic acid. In the absence of oxygen, the production of CO(2) by the sand and ash films scaled with the absorption spectrum of iron oxalate, which suggests that the reaction is at least in part iron-mediated. The presence of oxygen suppressed CO(2) production at the Fe(2)O(3) surface, enhanced CO(2) production at the Mauritanian sand surface, and did not have a net effect upon CO(2) production at the Icelandic ash surface. These different oxygen dependencies imply that oxalic acid photochemistry at the authentic surfaces under study was not solely iron-mediated. Experiments at the TiO(2) surface, which showed enhanced CO(2) production from oxalic acid in the presence of oxygen, suggest that Ti-mediated photochemistry played an important role. In summary, these results provide evidence that solid-phase aerosol photochemistry may influence the atmospheric lifetime of oxalic acid in arid regions, where its removal via wet deposition is insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Styler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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George C, D’Anna B, Herrmann H, Weller C, Vaida V, Donaldson DJ, Bartels-Rausch T, Ammann M. Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 339:1-53. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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