1
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Chen Z, Xiong JQ. Recovery mechanism of a microalgal species, Chlorella sp. from toxicity of doxylamine: Physiological and biochemical changes, and transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134752. [PMID: 38815390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitous distribution of pharmaceutical contaminants in environment has caused unexpected adverse effects on ecological organisms; however, how microorganisms recover from their toxicities remains largely unknown. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the effect of a representative pollutant, doxylamine (DOX) on a freshwater microalgal species, Chlorella sp. by analyzing the growth patterns, biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, protein, and antioxidant enzymes), and transcriptomics. We found toxicity of DOX on Chlorella sp. was mainly caused by disrupting synthesis of ribosomes in nucleolus, and r/t RNA binding and processing. Intriguingly, additional bicarbonate enhanced the toxicity of DOX with decreasing the half-maximum effective concentrations from 15.34 mg L-1 to 4.63 mg L-1, which can be caused by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation and amino acid metabolism. Microalgal cells can recover from this stress via upregulating antioxidant enzymatic activities to neutralize oxidative stresses, and photosynthetic pathways and nitrogen metabolism to supply more energies and cellular signaling molecules. This study extended our understanding on how microalgae can recover from chemical toxicity, and also emphasized the effect of environmental factors on the toxicity of these contaminants on aquatic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Haide, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Campus, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jiu-Qiang Xiong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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2
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Wang W, Cao G, Zhang J, Qiao H, Li H, Yang B, Chen Y, Zhu L, Sang Y, Du L, Cai Z. UV-induced photodegradation of emerging para-phenylenediamine quinones in aqueous environment: Kinetics, products identification and toxicity assessments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133427. [PMID: 38185090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Substituted para-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-quinones) are a class of emerging contaminants frequently detected in the aqueous environment. One of them, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q), was found to cause acute toxicities to aquatic species at extremely low environmental levels. The ubiquitousness and ecotoxicity of such pollutants underscore the importance of their transformation and elimination. In this work, we demonstrated effective removals of five PPD-quinones in aqueous environments under UV irradiation, with up to 94% of 6PPD-Q eliminated after a 40-min treatment. By applying high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) non-targeted screening in combination with isotope labeling strategies, a total of 22 transformation products (TPs) were identified. Coupling with the time-based dynamic patterns, potential transformation mechanisms were identified as an •OH-induced photocatalysis reaction involving bond cleavage, hydroxylation, and oxidation. Computational toxicity assessment predicted lower aquatic toxicity of the TPs than their parent PPD-quinones. Our results in parallel evidenced an obvious reduction of PPD-quinones accompanied by the presence of their TPs in the effluent after UV disinfection in real municipal wastewater. This work builds a comprehensive understanding of the fate, transformation products, and related toxicological characteristics of emerging PPD-quinone contaminants in the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Han Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Huankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Biwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yuecheng Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lei Du
- Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Center/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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3
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Sohn S, Kim MK, Lee YM, Sohn EJ, Choi GY, Chae SH, Zoh KD. Removal characteristics of 53 micropollutants during ozonation, chlorination, and UV/H 2O 2 processes used in drinking water treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141360. [PMID: 38325620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The removal of 53 emerging micropollutants (MPs), including 10 per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs), 25 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), 7 pesticides, 5 endocrine disrupters (EDCs), 3 nitrosamines, and 3 taste and odor compounds (T&Os), by chlorination, ozonation, and UV/H2O2 treatment was examined in deionized water and surface waters used as the raw waters in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in South Korea. The UV/H2O2 treatment was effective in the removal of most MPs, whereas chlorination was selectively effective for 19 MPs, including EDCs (>70 %). MPs containing aromatic ring with electron-donating functional group, or primary and secondary amines were effectively removed by chlorination immediately upon reaction initiation. The removal of MPs by ozonation was generally lower than that of the other two processes at a low ozone dose (1 mg L-1), but higher than chlorination at a high ozone dose (3 mg L-1), particularly for 16 MPs, including T&Os. Compared in deionized water, the removals of MPs in the raw water samples were lower in all three processes. The regression models predicting the rate constants (kobs) of 53 MPs showed good agreement between modeled and measured value for UV/H2O2 treatment (R2 = 0.948) and chlorination (R2 = 0.973), despite using only dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and oxidant concentration as variables, whereas the ozonation model showed a variation (R2 = 0.943). Our results can provide the resources for determining which oxidative process is suitable for treating specific MPs present in the raw waters of DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoon Sohn
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Kyung Kim
- Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Erica Jungmin Sohn
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Grace Y Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Ha Chae
- Korea Water Resources Corporation, K-water Institute, Deajeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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4
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Zhou Y, Fu J, Zeng Z, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Han B, Ma J, Jiang J. Oxidation of amine-based pharmaceuticals with unactivated peroxymonosulfate: Kinetics, mechanisms, and elimination efficiency of NDMA formation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132961. [PMID: 37951171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Amine-based pharmaceuticals are a significant class of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors. This study investigated the use of unactivated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to control amine-based pharmaceuticals and their NDMA formation potential. Kinetic analysis and product identification revealed that sumatriptan and doxylamine primarily underwent reactions at their tertiary amine group, while ranitidine and nizatidine had both tertiary amine and thioether group as reaction sites. The NDMA formation from sumatriptan and doxylamine during post-chloramination was significantly reduced with the abatement of the parent contaminants, while the formation of NDMA remained high even if full abatement of ranitidine and nizatidine was achieved. Product formation kinetics and reference standard tests revealed the great contribution of transformation products to NDMA formation. Ranitidine could be oxidized to sulfoxide-type product ranitidine-SO and N-oxide type product ranitidine-NO. Ranitidine-SO exhibited a high NDMA yield comparable to that of ranitidine (>90%), while ranitidine-NO showed a low NDMA yield (2%). With further oxidation of ranitidine-SO at the tertiary amine group, NDMA formation was reduced by more than 90%. The underlying mechanism for the importance of the tertiary amine group in NDMA formation was demonstrated by quantum chemical calculation. These findings underscore the potential of PMS pre-oxidation on NDMA control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junhao Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bin Han
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Coskun B, Bilgin-Saritas N, Aydin E, Pehlivanoglu-Mantas E. Identification of transformation products during Doxylamine chloramination for NDMA mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1024-1039. [PMID: 36222397 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2135462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a disinfection byproduct that forms at the presence of an organic nitrogen precursor. Doxylamine, an antihistaminic pharmaceutical, is a precursor of NDMA and has been shown to form NDMA in the presence of chloramine. In this study, the effect of Doxylamine as an NDMA precursor has been further studied during chloramination. The end product and byproducts during chloramination were investigated using a high-resolution mass spectrometer by taking samples at different time intervals. Results suggest that NDMA is not the only end product forming during chloramination of Doxylamine and several transformation products that do not end up as NDMA may form. A group of these transformation products have been selected based on their relative amounts during chloramination with time and notated as Focus Tentative Transformation Products (FTTPn). The identification of these byproducts will make it easier to study the conditions during chloramination that may favour these 'known' transformation products with the use of less sophisticated analytical instruments. Then, it might lead to the establishment of chloramination protocols that will minimise the formation of NDMA from its precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Coskun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey
| | - N Bilgin-Saritas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey
| | - E Aydin
- Department of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, Turkey
- AGAT Laboratories, Montréal, Canada
| | - E Pehlivanoglu-Mantas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey
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6
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Seid MG, Byun J, Kim W, Cho K, Hong SW. Changes in levels of N-nitrosamine formed from amine-containing compounds during chloramination via photocatalytic pretreatment with immobilized TiO 2: Effect of source water and pH. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127398. [PMID: 34879584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effectiveness of photocatalytic pretreatment (PCP) of precursors in minimizing the formation potentials (FPs) of carcinogenic nitrosamines, including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), during water chloramination. A steel mesh substrate with immobilized TiO2 was highly efficient at mitigating nitrosamine formation and removing targeted precursors such as ranitidine, nizatidine, trimebutine, triethanolamine, and metoclopramide. Compared to UVC/H2O2, PCP under UVA irradiation (intensity of 0.67 mW cm-2) was more effective for reducing nitrosamine-FPs during post-chloramination. However, the PCP efficacies varied with the water source, pretreatment pH, and irradiation time. For example, PCP of eutrophic water increased the NDMA-FPs, but produced notable reductions (up to 99%) for NDELA- and NDEA-FPs. Shorter irradiation times, up to 15 min, increased the NDELA-FP in triethanolamine, and the NDMA-FP in nizatidine and trimebutine. However, the nitrosamine-FP decreased by > 50% after PCP at a pH > 5.6, following irradiation for 120 min. Oxygen addition, N-de(m)ethylation, and N-dealkylation were responsible for decreasing nitrosamine-FPs via the destruction of key moieties; this has been elucidated by mass spectroscopy. This study suggests that PCP could be used as an alternative strategy for minimizing nitrosamine-FPs during water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingizem Gashaw Seid
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehye Byun
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyul Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Research Institute of Global Environment, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwoo Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Seid MG, Lee C, Cho K, Hong SW. Degradation of ranitidine and changes in N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential by advanced oxidation processes: Role of oxidant speciation and water matrix. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117495. [PMID: 34388496 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of thirteen (photo/electro) chemical oxidation processes on the formation potential (FP) of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during the chloramination of ranitidine in reverse osmosis (RO) permeate and brine. The NDMA-FP varied significantly depending on the pretreatment process, initial pH, and water matrix types. At higher initial pH values (> 7.0), most pretreatments did not reduce the NDMA-FP, presumably because few radical species and more chloramine-reactive byproducts were generated. At pH < 7.0, however, electrochemical oxidation assisted by chloride and Fe2+/H2O2, catalytic wet peroxide oxidation and peroxydisulfate-induced pretreatments removed up to 85% of NDMA-FP in the RO brine. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or prechlorination alone did not reduce the NDMA-FP effectively, but combined UV/chlorine treatment effectively reduced the NDMA-FP. In contrast, after UV irradiation (2.1 mW cm-2 for 0.5 h) in the presence of H2O2 and chloramine, NDMA formation increased substantially (up to 26%) during the post-chloramination of the RO permeate. Mass spectrometric analysis and structural elucidation of the oxidation byproducts indicated that compared with the reactive nitrogen species generated by UV/NH2Cl, sulfate radicals and (photo/electro)chemically generated reactive chlorine species were more promising for minimizing NDMA-FP. Unlike, the hemolytic •OH driven by UV/H2O2, the •OH from Fe(IV)-assisted pretreatments showed a significant synergistic effect on NDMA-FP reduction. Overall, the results suggest the need for a careful assessment of the type of radical species to be used for treating an RO water system containing amine-functionalized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingizem Gashaw Seid
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwoo Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Seid MG, Cho K, Hong SW. UV/sulfite chemistry to reduce N-nitrosodimethylamine formation in chlor(am)inated water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116243. [PMID: 32750569 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The disinfection by-product N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a major concern in water quality management due to its carcinogenicity. Thus, a proper pretreatment is necessary to mitigate NDMA formation upon periodic chloramination by removing precursors, such as ranitidine (RNT). This study investigated the effect of UV/sulfite pretreatment on NDMA formation from an RNT-spiked tap and chloraminated synthetic swimming pool (SSP) water. At UVC intensity of 2.1 mW cm-2 and 0.5 mM of sulfite, UV/sulfite chemistry showed complete degradation of 20 µM RNT within 30 min. It was found that SO4•- primarily reduced the NDMA formation potential (FP) of RNT, while hydrated electrons effectively mitigated the pre-formed NDMA in the SSP water. The UV/sulfite pretreatment alleviated NDMA formation during post-chloramination (24 h) by up to 82%, outperforming the commonly employed advanced oxidation processes such as UV/H2O2. However, in the presence of bromide ions, the effectiveness of UV/sulfite pretreatment was seriously deteriorated, although the bromide ion itself was found to inhibit the NDMA formation from RNT especially at pH < 8 during chloramination. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that the NDMA-FP of RNT could be removed by UV/sulfite principally via N-methylation, dealkylation, and oxygen transfer pathways. Consequently, UV/sulfite could be used as an alternative unit process for water treatment with reduced NDMA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingizem Gashaw Seid
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwoo Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Zhiyong Y, Ruiying Q, Runbo Y, Zhiyin W, Huanrong L. Photodegradation comparison for methyl orange by TiO 2, H 2O 2 and KIO 4. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:547-555. [PMID: 30059265 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1505962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of methyl orange in water by the catalyst TiO2 or the oxidants (H2O2, KIO4) or their combination (TiO2 + H2O2, TiO2 + KIO4) under UV light illumination is studied. During the above process, as far as the photodiscoloration degree of methyl orange is concerned, the effect sequence is KIO4 + TiO2 >> KIO4 > TiO2 + H2O2 > TiO2 > H2O2; as far as the photomineralization degree of methyl orange is concerned, the effect sequence is TiO2 ≈ TiO2 + H2O2 > H2O2 > KIO4 + TiO2 >> KIO4; as for the catalysis of TiO2, h+ plays more important role than HO·, the inorganic ions ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) are generated, especially for the amount of [Formula: see text]. Active HO· is generated, we can measure HO· by terephthalic acid (TA) indirectly: TA reacts with HO· to form highly fluorescent product, namely 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (TAOH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhiyong
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Ruiying
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Runbo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zhiyin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis; School of Chemical & Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huanrong
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Sang C, An W, Han M, Yang M. Health risk assessment on N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water and food in major cities of China with disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:412-417. [PMID: 30550972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a health risk assessment of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water and food was conducted using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in major cities of China. Considering the numerous non-detected values found in drinking water samples, a zero-inflated model was employed to obtain a more precise NDMA concentration distribution function in drinking water. With exogenous chronic daily intake of 1.20 × 10-6 mg/(kg*d), the lifetime cancer risk and disability-adjusted life years of NDMA are 4.01 × 10-5 and 5.52 × 10-6 per person-year (ppy). The disease burden attributable to water sources accounts for nearly 9.94% of total exogenous intake. The contribution rate of vegetables is the largest, followed by cereals, milk products, fish and shrimp, and meat. Taking endogenous sources into consideration, the contribution rates of drinking water and food sources decrease to 0.08% and 0.69%. This study provides a scientific basis for making policy decisions on NDMA pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Sang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, China.
| | - Mingyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Llorca M, Castellet-Rovira F, Farré MJ, Jaén-Gil A, Martínez-Alonso M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sarrà M, Barceló D. Fungal biodegradation of the N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:346-356. [PMID: 30577003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs such as Venlafaxine (VFX) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODMVFX) are emerging contaminants that are commonly detected in aquatic environments, since conventional wastewater treatment plants are unable to completely remove them. They can be precursors of hazardous by-products, such as the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), generated upon water chlorination, as they contain the dimethylamino moiety, necessary for the formation of NDMA. In this study, the capability of three white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus) to remove both antidepressants from water and to decrease NDMA formation potential was investigated. Furthermore, transformation by-products (TPs) generated along the treatment process were elucidated and also correlated with their NDMA formation potential. Very promising results were obtained for T. versicolor and G. lucidum, both being able to remove up to 100% of ODMVFX. In the case of VFX, which is very recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment, a 70% of removal was achieved by T. versicolor, along with a reduction in NDMA formation potential, thus decreasing the associated problems for human health and the environment. However, the NDMA formation potential remained practically constant during treatment with G. lucidum despite of the equally high VFX removal (70%). This difference was attributed to the generation of different TPs during both fungal treatments. For example, G. lucidum generated more ODMVFX, which actually has a higher NDMA formation potential than the parent compound itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llorca
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Castellet-Rovira
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María-José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Adrián Jaén-Gil
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Maira Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Sarrà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Ping Y, Zhang J, Xing T, Chen G, Tao R, Choo KH. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using grape seed extract and their application for reductive catalysis of Direct Orange 26. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Sgroi M, Vagliasindi FGA, Snyder SA, Roccaro P. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and its precursors in water and wastewater: A review on formation and removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:685-703. [PMID: 29078192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes major findings over the last decade related to N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water and wastewater. In particular, the review is focused on the removal of NDMA and of its precursors by conventional and advanced water and wastewater treatment processes. New information regarding formation mechanisms and precursors are discussed as well. NDMA precursors are generally of anthropogenic origin and their main source in water have been recognized to be wastewater discharges. Chloramination is the most common process that results in formation of NDMA during water and wastewater treatment. However, ozonation of wastewater or highly contaminated surface water can also generate significant levels of NDMA. Thus, NDMA formation control and remediation has become of increasing interest, particularly during treatment of wastewater-impacted water and during potable reuse application. NDMA formation has also been associated with the use of quaternary amine-based coagulants and anion exchange resins. UV photolysis with UV fluence far higher than typical disinfection doses is generally considered the most efficient technology for NDMA mitigation. However, recent studies on the optimization of biological processes offer a potentially lower-energy solution. Options for NDMA control include attenuation of precursor materials through physical removal, biological treatment, and/or deactivation by application of oxidants. Nevertheless, NDMA precursor identification and removal can be challenging and additional research and optimization is needed. As municipal wastewater becomes increasingly used as a source water for drinking, NDMA formation and mitigation strategies will become increasingly more important. The following review provides a summary of the most recent information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Sgroi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Federico G A Vagliasindi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; National University of Singapore, NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), 5A Engineering Drive 1; T-Lab Building, #02-01, 117411, Singapore
| | - Paolo Roccaro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Jeon D, Kim J, Shin J, Hidayat ZR, Na S, Lee Y. Transformation of ranitidine during water chlorination and ozonation: Moiety-specific reaction kinetics and elimination efficiency of NDMA formation potential. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:802-809. [PMID: 27381234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ranitidine can produce high yields of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) upon chloramination and its presence in water resources is a concern for water utilities using chloramine disinfection. This study assessed the efficiency of water chlorination and ozonation in transforming ranitidine and eliminating its NDMA formation potential (NDMA-FP) by determining moiety-specific reaction kinetics, stoichiometric factors, and elimination levels in real water matrices. Despite the fact that chlorine reacts rapidly with the acetamidine and thioether moieties of ranitidine (k>10(8)M(-1)s(-1) at pH 7), the NDMA-FP decreases significantly only when chlorine reacts with the less reactive tertiary amine (k=3×10(3)M(-1)s(-1) at pH 7) or furan moiety (k=81M(-1)s(-1) at pH 7). Ozone reacts rapidly with all four moieties of ranitidine (k=1.5×10(5)-1.6×10(6)M(-1)s(-1) at pH 7) and its reaction with the tertiary amine or furan moiety leads to complete elimination of the NDMA-FP. Treatments of ranitidine-spiked real water samples have shown that ozonation can efficiently deactivate ranitidine in water and wastewater treatment, while chlorination can be efficient for water containing low concentration of ammonia. This result can be applied to the other structurally similar, potent NDMA precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahee Jeon
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaedon Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahra Ramadhany Hidayat
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Na
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Investigating the relative contribution of colloidal and soluble fractions of secondary effluent organic matter to the irreversible fouling of MF and UF hollow fibre membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang X, Yang H, Zhou B, Wang X, Xie Y. Effect of oxidation on amine-based pharmaceutical degradation and N-Nitrosodimethylamine formation. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 87:403-11. [PMID: 26469132 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Four pharmaceuticals (ranitidine, nizatidine, doxylamine, and carbinoxamine) were selected as model compounds to assess the efficiency of four oxidants (ozone (O3), chlorine (Cl2), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4)) on the removal of amine-based pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), as well as the reduction of their N-Nitrosodimethylamine formation potentials (NDMAFPs). The changes in PPCPs and their NDMAFPs during oxidation were quantified using various oxidants and dosages. The relationship between oxidation product structures and NDMAFP changes was also analyzed. The results showed that oxidation with O3, Cl2 and ClO2 were effective in removing the selected PPCPs. However, only ozonation was effective in reducing their NDMAFPs. Ozonation at 6 mg/L removed approximately 90% PPCPs and 90% NDMAFPs for all PPCPs. In addition, the results indicated that ozonation products made little contribution to NDMAFPs. In contrast, some PPCP products had higher NDMAFPs than PPCPs after oxidation with Cl2, ClO2 and KMnO4. There were two possible reaction pathways that led to decrease in NDMAFPs after oxidation. One was oxygen transfer to nitrogen at the tertiary amine site and the other was N-dealkylation from the tertiary amine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Beihai Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuefeng Xie
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering Programs, Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
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Sgroi M, Roccaro P, Oelker GL, Snyder SA. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 70:174-183. [PMID: 25528547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Sgroi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Paolo Roccaro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Gregg L Oelker
- United Water, Edward C. Little Water Reclamation Facility, 1935 South Hughes Way, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; National University of Singapore, NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), 5A Engineering Drive 1; T-Lab Building, #02-01, 117411 Singapore, Singapore.
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Postigo C, Richardson SD. Transformation of pharmaceuticals during oxidation/disinfection processes in drinking water treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 279:461-475. [PMID: 25156529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants of concern and are widespread in the environment. While the levels of these substances in finished drinking waters are generally considered too low for human health concern, there are now concerns about their disinfection by-products (DBPs) that can form during drinking water treatment, which in some cases have been proven to be more toxic than the parent compounds. The present manuscript reviews the transformation products of pharmaceuticals generated in water during different disinfection processes, i.e. chlorination, ozonation, chloramination, chlorine dioxide, UV, and UV/hydrogen peroxide, and the main reaction pathways taking place. Most of the findings considered for this review come from controlled laboratory studies involving reactions of pharmaceuticals with these oxidants used in drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Postigo
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA)-Spanish National Research Council (CID-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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