1
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Jang E, Park KT, Yoon YJ, Jang KS, Kim MS, Kim K, Chung HY, Mazzola M, Cappelletti D, Lee BY. Seasonal dynamics of airborne biomolecules influence the size distribution of Arctic aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100458. [PMID: 39175511 PMCID: PMC11339251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Organic matter is crucial in aerosol-climate interactions, yet the physicochemical properties and origins of organic aerosols remain poorly understood. Here we show the seasonal characteristics of submicron organic aerosols in Arctic Svalbard during spring and summer, emphasizing their connection to transport patterns and particle size distribution. Microbial-derived organic matter (MOM) and terrestrial-derived organic matter (TOM) accounted for over 90% of the total organic mass in Arctic aerosols during these seasons, comprising carbohydrate/protein-like and lignin/tannin-like compounds, respectively. In spring, aerosols showed high TOM and low MOM intensities due to biomass-burning influx in the central Arctic. In contrast, summer exhibited elevated MOM intensity, attributed to the shift in predominant atmospheric transport from the central Arctic to the biologically active Greenland Sea. MOM and TOM were associated with Aitken mode particles (<100 nm diameter) and accumulation mode particles (>100 nm diameter), respectively. This association is linked to the molecular size of biomolecules, impacting the number concentrations of corresponding aerosol classes. These findings highlight the importance of considering seasonal atmospheric transport patterns and organic source-dependent particle size distributions in assessing aerosol properties in the changing Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunho Jang
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Yoon
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Chung
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Mauro Mazzola
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Bang Yong Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gramlich Y, Siegel K, Haslett SL, Cremer RS, Lunder C, Kommula SM, Buchholz A, Yttri KE, Chen G, Krejci R, Zieger P, Virtanen A, Riipinen I, Mohr C. Impact of Biomass Burning on Arctic Aerosol Composition. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2024; 8:920-936. [PMID: 38774360 PMCID: PMC11103700 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Emissions from biomass burning (BB) occurring at midlatitudes can reach the Arctic, where they influence the remote aerosol population. By using measurements of levoglucosan and black carbon, we identify seven BB events reaching Svalbard in 2020. We find that most of the BB events are significantly different to the rest of the year (nonevents) for most of the chemical and physical properties. Aerosol mass and number concentrations are enhanced by up to 1 order of magnitude during the BB events. During BB events, the submicrometer aerosol bulk composition changes from an organic- and sulfate-dominated regime to a clearly organic-dominated regime. This results in a significantly lower hygroscopicity parameter κ for BB aerosol (0.4 ± 0.2) compared to nonevents (0.5 ± 0.2), calculated from the nonrefractory aerosol composition. The organic fraction in the BB aerosol showed no significant difference for the O:C ratios (0.9 ± 0.3) compared to the year (0.9 ± 0.6). Accumulation mode particles were present during all BB events, while in the summer an additional Aitken mode was observed, indicating a mixture of the advected air mass with locally produced particles. BB tracers (vanillic, homovanillic, and hydroxybenzoic acid, nitrophenol, methylnitrophenol, and nitrocatechol) were significantly higher when air mass back trajectories passed over active fire regions in Eastern Europe, indicating agricultural and wildfires as sources. Our results suggest that the impact of BB on the Arctic aerosol depends on the season in which they occur, and agricultural and wildfires from Eastern Europe have the potential to disturb the background conditions the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Gramlich
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418 Sweden
| | - Karolina Siegel
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418 Sweden
- Department
of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
| | - Sophie L. Haslett
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418 Sweden
| | - Roxana S. Cremer
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418 Sweden
| | | | - Snehitha M. Kommula
- Department
of Technical Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Angela Buchholz
- Department
of Technical Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | | | - Gang Chen
- MRC
Centre
for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Radovan Krejci
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418 Sweden
| | - Paul Zieger
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418 Sweden
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department
of Technical Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418 Sweden
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Environmental System Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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3
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Mabato BG, Li YJ, Huang DD, Chan CK. Aqueous-Phase Photoreactions of Mixed Aromatic Carbonyl Photosensitizers Yield More Oxygenated, Oxidized, and less Light-Absorbing Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) than Single Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7924-7936. [PMID: 38652049 PMCID: PMC11080053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic carbonyls have been mainly probed as photosensitizers for aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) and light-absorbing organic aerosol (i.e., brown carbon or BrC) formation, but due to their organic nature, they can also undergo oxidation to form aqSOA and BrC. However, photochemical transformations of aromatic carbonyl photosensitizers, particularly in multicomponent systems, are understudied. This study explored aqSOA formation from the irradiation of aromatic carbonyl photosensitizers in mixed and single systems under cloud/fog conditions. Mixed systems consisting of phenolic carbonyls only (VL + ActSyr + SyrAld: vanillin [VL] + acetosyringone [ActSyr] + syringaldehyde [SyrAld]) and another composed of both nonphenolic and phenolic carbonyls (DMB + ActSyr + SyrAld: 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [DMB], a nonphenolic carbonyl, + ActSyr + SyrAld) were compared to single systems of VL (VL*) and DMB (DMB*), respectively. In mixed systems, the shorter lifetimes of VL and DMB indicate their diminished capacity to trigger the oxidation of other organic compounds (e.g., guaiacol [GUA], a noncarbonyl phenol). In contrast to the slow decay and minimal photoenhancement for DMB*, the rapid photodegradation and significant photoenhancement for VL* indicate efficient direct photosensitized oxidation (i.e., self-photosensitization). Relative to single systems, the increased oxidant availability promoted functionalization in VL + ActSyr + SyrAld and accelerated the conversion of early generation aqSOA in DMB + ActSyr + SyrAld. Moreover, the increased availability of oxidizable substrates countered by stronger oxidative capacity limited the contribution of mixed systems to aqSOA light absorption. This suggests a weaker radiative effect of BrC from mixed photosensitizer systems than BrC from single photosensitizer systems. Furthermore, more oxygenated and oxidized aqSOA was observed with increasing complexity of the reaction systems (e.g., VL* < VL + ActSyr + SyrAld < VL + ActSyr + SyrAld + GUA). This work offers new insights into aqSOA formation by emphasizing the dual role of organic photosensitizers as oxidant sources and oxidizable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix
Rosette Go Mabato
- School
of Energy and Environment, City University
of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Jie Li
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Ocean,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dan Dan Huang
- Shanghai
Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chak K. Chan
- School
of Energy and Environment, City University
of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Rana MS, Guzman MI. Oxidation of Phenolic Aldehydes by Ozone and Hydroxyl Radicals at the Air-Solid Interface. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:2900-2909. [PMID: 36561198 PMCID: PMC9762487 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning emissions contain abundant phenolic aldehydes (e.g., syringaldehyde, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenaldehyde) that are oxidized during atmospheric transport, altering the physicochemical properties of particulates. Herein, the oxidative processing of thin films made of syringaldehyde, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenaldehyde is studied at the air-solid interface under a variable O3(g) molar ratio (410 ppbv-800 ppmv) and relative humidity (0-90%). Experiments monitored the absorption changes of C=C, C=O, and -COOH vibration changes during the oxidation of thin films by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Selected spectroscopic features of aromatic ring cleavage by O3(g) revealed the production of carboxylic acids. Instead, monitoring O-H stretching provided a comparison of a hydroxylation channel from in situ produced hydroxyl radical. The overall oxidation reactivity trend syringaldehyde > vanillin > 4-hydroxybenzladehyde can be explained based on the additional electron density from methoxide substituents to the ring. The reactive uptake coefficient of O3(g) increases for higher relative humidity, e.g., for syringaldehyde by 18 and 215 times at 74% and 90% relative humidity (RH), respectively, as compared to dry conditions. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism fits well the kinetics of oxidation under a variable O3(g) molar ratio at 74% RH, providing useful information that should be included in atmospheric chemistry models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sohel Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky40506, United States
| | - Marcelo I. Guzman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky40506, United States
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5
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Rana MS, Guzman MI. Surface Oxidation of Phenolic Aldehydes: Fragmentation, Functionalization, and Coupling Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6502-6516. [PMID: 36070234 PMCID: PMC9512012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substantial amounts of phenolic aldehydes, represented by the structures of syringaldehyde, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, are emitted to the atmosphere during biomass burning. The oxidative transformation of phenolic aldehydes during atmospheric transport has the potential to modify the physicochemical properties of particulates, which play a vital role in Earth's climate and human health. Herein, thin solid films made of syringaldehyde, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde are oxidized in contact with O3(g) under a relative humidity of 74% representative of average global conditions. New physical insights into the surface reactions are achieved by analyzing isopropanol-extracted films before and during oxidation by multiple techniques. Changes in electronic transitions at 220, 310, and 350-400 nm registered by UV-vis spectroscopy show that the oxidized films have enhanced mass absorption coefficients at λ > 300 nm. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and ion chromatography with conductivity and MS detection of extracted oxidized films confirm aromatic ring cleavage of syringaldehyde and vanillin by O3(g) with the production of carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids were observed as anions ([M - H]-) at m/z 45 (formic acid), 73 (glyoxylic acid), 75 (glycolic acid), 89 (oxalic acid), 115 (maleic acid), 117 (mesoxalic acid), 119 (tartronic acid), and 129 (maleic acid monomethyl ester), while other polyfunctional products were registered by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography with UV-vis and MS detection. In situ production of hydroxyl radicals is confirmed by demethoxylation products and ipso attack at the C1 ring position holding the -C(H)═O group. The order of reactivity increased with the number of methoxy substituents that donate electron density to the aromatic ring. Combined oxidation mechanisms for the three compounds are proposed based on all of the experimental observations and explain the contribution of aged biomass burning material to secondary organic aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sohel Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Marcelo I. Guzman
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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6
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Barbaro E, Feltracco M, Spagnesi A, Dallo F, Gabrieli J, De Blasi F, Zannoni D, Cairns WRL, Gambaro A, Barbante C. Fast Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Vanillic and Syringic Acids in Ice Cores. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5344-5351. [PMID: 35319865 PMCID: PMC8988124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The development of
new analytical systems and the improvement of
the existing ones to obtain high-resolution measurements of chemical
markers in samples from ice cores, is one of the main challenges the
paleoclimatic scientific community is facing. Different chemical species
can be used as markers for tracking emission sources or specific environmental
processes. Although some markers, such as methane sulfonic acid (a
proxy of marine productivity), are commonly used, there is a lack
of data on other organic tracers in ice cores, making their continuous
analysis analytically challenging. Here, we present an innovative
combination of fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass
spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) to continuously determine organic markers
in ice cores. After specific optimization, this approach was applied
to the quantification of vanillic and syringic acids, two specific
markers for biomass burning. Using the validated method, detection
limits of 3.6 and 4.6 pg mL–1 for vanillic and syringic
acids, respectively, were achieved. Thanks to the coupling of FLC-MS/MS
with the continuous flow analytical system, we obtained one measurement
every 30 s, which corresponds to a sampling resolution of a sample
every 1.5 cm with a melting rate of 3.0 cm min–1. To check the robustness of the method, we analyzed two parallel
sticks of an alpine ice core over more than 5 h. Vanillic acid was
found with concentrations in the range of picograms per milliliter,
suggesting the combustion of coniferous trees, which are found throughout
the Italian Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Azzurra Spagnesi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Center for the Built Environment, University of California, 390 Wurster Hall #1839, Berkeley, California 94720-1839, United States
| | - Jacopo Gabrieli
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Blasi
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Daniele Zannoni
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Postboks 7803, Bergen NO-5020, Norway
| | - Warren R L Cairns
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
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7
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Abstract
The major organic compositions from biomass burning emissions are monosaccharide derivatives from the breakdown of cellulose, generally accompanied by small amounts of straight-chain, aliphatic, oxygenated compounds, and terpenoids from vegetation waxes, resins/gums, and other biopolymers. Levoglucosan from cellulose can be utilized as a specific or general indicator for biomass combustion emissions in aerosol samples. There are other important compounds, such as dehydroabietic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, homovanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid, which are additional key indicators of biomass burning. In this review, we will address these tracers from different types of biomass burning and the methods used to identify the sources in ambient aerosols. First, the methods of inferring biomass burning types by the ratio method are summarized, including levoglucosan/mannose, syringic acid/vanillic acid, levolgucosan/K+, vanillic acid/4-hydroxybenzoic acid, levoglucosan/OC, and levoglucosan/EC to infer the sources of biomass burning, such as crop residual burning, wheat burning, leaf burning, peatland fire, and forest fire in Asia. Second, we present the source tracer ratio methods that determine the biomass combustion types and their contributions. Finally, we introduce the PCA (Principal component analysis) and PMF (Positive matrix factor) methods to identify the type of biomass burning and its contributions according to emission factors of different species in various plants such as softwood, hardwood, and grass.
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8
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Ma L, Guzman C, Niedek C, Tran T, Zhang Q, Anastasio C. Kinetics and Mass Yields of Aqueous Secondary Organic Aerosol from Highly Substituted Phenols Reacting with a Triplet Excited State. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5772-5781. [PMID: 33851829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning emits large amounts of phenols, which can partition into cloud/fog drops and aerosol liquid water (ALW) and react to form aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). Triplet excited states of organic compounds (3C*) are likely oxidants, but there are no rate constants with highly substituted phenols that have high Henry's law constants (KH) and are likely important in ALW. To address this gap, we investigated the kinetics of six highly substituted phenols with the triplet excited state of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. Second-order rate constants at pH 2 are all fast, (2.6-4.6) × 109 M-1 s-1, while values at pH 5 are 2-5 times smaller. Rate constants are reasonably described by a quantitative structure-activity relationship with phenol oxidation potentials, allowing rate constants of other phenols to be predicted. Triplet-phenol kinetics are unaffected by ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, galactose (a biomass-burning sugar), or Fe(III). In contrast, ammonium nitrate increases the rate of phenol loss by making hydroxyl radicals, while Cu(II) inhibits phenol decay. Mass yields of aqueous SOA from triplet reactions are large and range from 59 to 99%. Calculations using our data along with previous oxidant measurements indicate that phenols with high KH can be an important source of aqSOA in ALW, with 3C* typically the dominant oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chrystal Guzman
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher Niedek
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Theodore Tran
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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9
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Wu J, Kong S, Zeng X, Cheng Y, Yan Q, Zheng H, Yan Y, Zheng S, Liu D, Zhang X, Fu P, Wang S, Qi S. First High-Resolution Emission Inventory of Levoglucosan for Biomass Burning and Non-Biomass Burning Sources in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1497-1507. [PMID: 33423493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan (LG) emitted from non-biomass burning (non-BB) sources has given rise to biased or even unreasonable source identification results when adopting LG as a distinct marker of biomass burning (BB). The estimation of LG emission and its spatiotemporal variation for various sources are the keys to reducing uncertainty. This study first developed a LG emission inventory for China from 25 sub-type sources belonging to eight categories, with a 3 km × 3 km spatial resolution and monthly distribution. The total LG emission in 2014 was 145.7 Gg. Domestic BB and open BB contributed 39.2 and 34.3% of the total emission. Non-BB sources, including municipal solid waste burning (9.7%), firework burning (9.6%), meat cooking (5.4%), domestic coal burning (1.5%), ritual item burning (0.2%), and industrial coal burning (0.1%), contributed to 26.5% of the total emission. LG emission varied spatially and temporally. Non-BB sources have a significant spatiotemporal impact on BB source contributions, even in high BB emission regions or in sowing, harvesting, and winter heating seasons. The local BB contributions have been substantially overestimated by 4.28-369% in previous studies, wherein LG was solely referred to as the BB source. By 2018, LG emission from BB might decrease to 63.9% of its total emission. This high-resolution LG emission inventory can be greatly useful for source identification studies in China. It also supports future research on the modeling of smoke aging and pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huang Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingying Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shurui Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence Department of Geography, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Study of Chemical and Optical Properties of Biomass Burning Aerosols during Long-Range Transport Events toward the Arctic in Summer 2017. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning related aerosol episodes are becoming a serious threat to the radiative balance of the Arctic region. Since early July 2017 intense wildfires were recorded between August and September in Canada and Greenland, covering an area up to 4674 km2 in size. This paper describes the impact of these biomass burning (BB) events measured over Svalbard, using an ensemble of ground-based, columnar, and vertically-resolved techniques. BB influenced the aerosol chemistry via nitrates and oxalates, which exhibited an increase in their concentrations in all of size fractions, indicating the BB origin of particles. The absorption coefficient data (530 nm) at ground reached values up to 0.6 Mm–1, highlighting the impact of these BB events when compared to average Arctic background values, which do not exceed 0.05 Mm–1. The absorption behavior is fundamental as implies a subsequent atmospheric heating. At the same time, the AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data showed high values at stations located close to or in Canada (AOD over 2.0). Similarly, increased values of AODs were then observed in Svalbard, e.g., in Hornsund (daily average AODs exceeded 0.14 and reached hourly values up to 0.5). Elevated values of AODs were then registered in Sodankylä and Andenes (daily average AODs exceeding 0.150) a few days after the Svalbard observation of the event highlighting the BB columnar magnitude, which is crucial for the radiative impact. All the reported data suggest to rank the summer 2017 plume of aerosols as one of the biggest atmosphere related environmental problems over Svalbard region in last 10 years.
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Turetta C, Zangrando R, Barbaro E, Gabrieli J, Scalabrin E, Zennaro P, Gambaro A, Toscano G, Barbante C. Water-soluble trace, rare earth elements and organic compounds in Arctic aerosol. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barrett TE, Robinson EM, Usenko S, Sheesley RJ. Source Contributions to Wintertime Elemental and Organic Carbon in the Western Arctic Based on Radiocarbon and Tracer Apportionment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11631-11639. [PMID: 26325404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To quantify the contributions of fossil and biomass sources to the wintertime Arctic aerosol burden source apportionment is reported for elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC) fractions of six PM10 samples collected during a wintertime (2012-2013) campaign in Barrow, AK. Radiocarbon apportionment of EC indicates that fossil sources contribute an average of 68 ± 9% (0.01-0.07 μg m(-3)) in midwinter decreasing to 49 ± 6% (0.02 μg m(-3)) in late winter. The mean contribution of fossil sources to OC for the campaign was stable at 38 ± 8% (0.04-0.32 μg m(-3)). Samples were also analyzed for organic tracers, including levoglucosan, for use in a chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment model. The CMB model was able to apportion 24-53% and 99% of the OC and EC burdens, respectively, during the campaign, with fossil OC contributions ranging from 25 to 74% (0.02-0.09 μg m(-3)) and fossil EC contributions ranging from 73 to 94% (0.03-0.07 μg m(-3)). Back trajectories identified two major wintertime source regions to Barrow: the Russian and North American Arctic. Atmospheric lifetimes of levoglucosan, ranging from 50 to 320 h, revealed variability in wintertime atmospheric processing of this biomass burning tracer. This study allows for unambiguous apportionment of EC to fossil fuel and biomass combustion sources and intercomparison with CMB modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Barrett
- The Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University , One Bear Place #97205, Waco, Texas-76798, United States
| | - E M Robinson
- The Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University , One Bear Place #97205, Waco, Texas-76798, United States
| | - S Usenko
- The Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University , One Bear Place #97205, Waco, Texas-76798, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University , One Bear Place #97266, Waco, Texas-76798, United States
| | - R J Sheesley
- The Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University , One Bear Place #97205, Waco, Texas-76798, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University , One Bear Place #97266, Waco, Texas-76798, United States
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