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Yan X, Bu J, Chen X, Zhu MJ. Comparative genomic analysis reveals electron transfer pathways of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum: Insights into thermophilic electroactive bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167294. [PMID: 37741387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial extracellular respiration is an important energy metabolism on earth, which is significant for the elemental biogeochemical cycle. Herein, extracellular Fe(III) and electrode respiration were confirmed in Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum MJ2. The intra/extracellular electron transfer (IET/EET) mechanism of MJ2 was investigated by comparative genomic analysis for the first time. Morphological characterization and electrochemical properties of anode illustrated that MJ2 generated bio-electricity by forming a biofilm. The respiration chain inhibition and enzyme activity tests showed that hydrogenase with cytochrome c (Cyt-c) was involved in IET of MJ2. Noteworthily, the exogenous Cyt-c increased hydrogenase activity to promote bio-electricity generation by 92.84 %. The Cyt-c gene synteny between MJ2 and another well-known exoelectrogen (Thermincola potens JR) indicated that Cyt-c bound to the outer membrane mediated the formation of biofilm involved in EET of MJ2. This study broadened the understanding of microbial extracellular respiration diversity and provided new insights to explore the electron transfer pathways of exoelectrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, The Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biological Resources in Yarkand Oasis at Colleges & Universities under the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Howley E, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Torres CI. Cytochrome gene expression shifts in Geobacter sulfurreducens to maximize energy conservation in response to changes in redox conditions. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115524. [PMID: 37459687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified that Geobacter sulfurreducens has three different electron transfer pathways for respiration, and it switches between these pathways to adapt to the redox potential of its electron acceptor. However, only a small fraction of the electron carriers from each pathway have been identified. In this study, we combined electrochemical and gene expression data to identify electron carriers in the inner membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, and exterior of the cell that may be induced by the use of the three different electron transfer pathways. Cyclic voltammetry was performed on thin biofilms grown on anodes poised at different redox potentials, providing a quantitative assessment of the relative use of three electron-transfer pathways in each condition (catalytic midpoint potentials (EKAs) of -0.227 V [Low], -0.15 V [Medium], -0.1 V [High] vs. SHE). Transcriptomic analyses as a function of electrochemical signals or fumarate utilization showed differential induction in inner membrane (Medium: cbcL), periplasmic (Low: ppcB/ppcE, Medium: ppcA), outer membrane (Low: extA/extC, Medium: extJ/extK, Fumarate: extF/extG), and extracellular (Medium: omcZ, High/Fumarate: omcS/omcT) cytochromes, suggesting the pathway signals are associated with complex transcriptomic responses in genes across the electron transfer pathway. Our method combining electrochemical modeling and transcriptomics could be adapted to better understand electron transport in other electroactive organisms with complex metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Howley
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - César I Torres
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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3
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Naderi A, Kakavandi B, Giannakis S, Angelidaki I, Rezaei Kalantary R. Putting the electro-bugs to work: A systematic review of 22 years of advances in bio-electrochemical systems and the parameters governing their performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115843. [PMID: 37068722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) can be considered as a technology finding application in versatile areas such as for renewable energy production and simultaneous reducing environmental problems, biosensors, and bioelectrosynthesis. This review paper reports and critically discusses the challenges, and advances in bio-electrochemical studies in the 21st century. To sum and critically analyze the strides of the last 20+ years on the topic, this study first provides a comprehensive analysis on the structure, performance, and application of BESs, which include Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) and Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs). We focus on the effect of various parameters, such as electroactive microbial community structure, electrode material, configuration of bioreactors, anode unit volume, membrane type, initial COD, co-substrates and the nature of the input wastewater in treatment process and the amount of energy and fuel production, with the purpose of showcasing the modes of operation as a guide for future studies. The results of this review show that the BES have great potential in reducing environmental pollution, purifying saltwater, and producing energy and fuel. At a larger scale, it aspires to facilitate the path of achieving sustainable development and practical application of BES in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Naderi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Kakavandi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Environment, Coast and Ocean Research Laboratory (ECOREL-UPM), C/Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Gao Y, Xia L, Yao P, Lee HS. Periodic step polarization accelerates electron recovery by electroactive biofilms (EABs). Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1545-1556. [PMID: 36782377 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Relatively low rate of electron recovery is one of the factors that limit the advancement of bioelectrochemical systems. Here, new periodic polarizations were investigated with electroactive biofilms (EABs) enriched from activated sludge and Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms. When representative anode potentials (Ea ) were applied, redox centers with midpoint potentials (Emid ) higher than Ea were identified by localized cyclic voltammetry. The electrons held by these redox centers were accessible when Ea was raised to 0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). New periodic polarizations that discharge at 0.4 V recovered electrons faster than normal periodic and fixed-potential polarizations. The best-performing periodic step polarization accelerated electron recovery by 23%-24% and 12%-76% with EABs and G. sulfurreducens biofilms, respectively, compared to the fixed-potential polarization. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed an increased abundance of omcZ mRNA transcripts from G. sulfurreducens after periodic step polarization. Therefore, both the rate of energy recovery by EABs and the performance of bioelectrochemical systems can be enhanced by improving the polarization schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohuan Gao
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Xia
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiru Yao
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju-si, Republic of Korea
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Meza C, Valenzuela F, Echeverría-Vega A, Gomez A, Sarkar S, Cabeza RA, Arencibia AD, Quiroz K, Carrasco B, Banerjee A. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria from rhizosphere of Chilean common bean ecotype ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) supporting seed germination and growth against salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052263. [PMID: 36618623 PMCID: PMC9814130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinity abiotic stress is increasing day by day due to continuous global warming and climate change. This is also becoming one of the major causes behind the reduction in crop production. Plant-bacteria interaction plays an essential role in improving crop yield without using any chemical fertilizers. The present study aims to characterize the interaction between plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their role in mitigating salinity stress for local variety crops. Therefore, in this work, two PGPB, namely, Bacillus proteolyticus Cyn1 and Bacillus safensis Cyn2, were isolated from rhizospheric soil of the Chilean common bean ecotype "Sapito" (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and their PGPB traits were analyzed. Cyn1 can produce NH3 and HCN and also secrete siderophores, whereas Cyn2 produced NH3 and siderophores but responded negatively to HCN production. Both the isolated bacteria have shown a positive result for ACC deaminase production, phosphate solubilization, and catalase enzyme secretion. Under all three tested abiotic stresses, i.e., temperature, water, and salinity, both the bacteria and their consortium have demonstrated positive responses. Cyn1 under temperature stress and water stress can produce a biofilm network to combat the stress. While under salinity stress, both the PGPB isolates indicated the production of stress components and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Based on the response, among all other abiotic stresses, salinity stress was chosen for further plant-bacteria interaction study and growth. Visible root colonization of the bacteria has been observed in comparison to the control. The germination index was 100% for all experimental setups of seed bacterization, both under control conditions and salinity stress. Both bacteria responded with good PGP traits that helped in the growth of healthy plants after the bacterial treatment in final pot experiments. Additionally, the consortium and the plants treated with Cyn1 have demonstrated high production of photosynthetic pigments in both experimental setups. Both B. proteolyticus Cyn1 and B. safensis Cyn2 have shown promising PGP characters and efficient response against toxicity related to salinity. Hence, both of these bacteria and consortium can be used for improved agricultural production of Chilean native common beans in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Meza
- Doctorado en Biotecnología Traslacional (DBT), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Talca, Chile
| | | | - Alex Echeverría-Vega
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Aleydis Gomez
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Shrabana Sarkar
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ricardo A. Cabeza
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ariel D. Arencibia
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Karla Quiroz
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Aparna Banerjee
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Zhang K, Zhu Z, Peng M, Tian L, Chen Y, Zhu J, Gan M. Enhancement of Cr(VI) reduction by indigenous bacterial consortia using natural pyrite: A detailed study to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the highly efficient and possible sustainable system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136228. [PMID: 36041522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrite was applied to Cr(VI) bioremediation as an inorganic electron donor due to the ability to provide electrons, while the role of pyrite in Cr(VI) bioremediation where organics as electron donors remains unknown. Herein a pyrite-based Cr(VI) bioreduction process in the sediment system containing lactate was demonstrated to be effective to detoxify Cr(VI): over 2200 mg L-1 Cr(VI) was continuously removed within 210 h with high reactivity (10.5 mg/(L·h)) all along. High-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing indicated that the pyrite could shape a functioning community that electrochemically active bacteria dominated (such as Fusibacter sp. and Rhodobacteraceae) instead of iron-oxidizing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Mineralogy analysis results indicated that Fe(III), S22- and S0 formed on the pyrite surface after the oxidation of Cr(VI) might serve as the electron acceptor of microflora, then the S2- and Fe(II) with strong Cr(VI) reduction ability were formed by microbial reduction to enhance the removal of Cr(VI). This study provides new insights into thoroughly understanding the role of pyrite in the practical application of Cr(VI) bioreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Mingxian Peng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Luyan Tian
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yaozong Chen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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7
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Lee HS, Xin W, Katakojwala R, Venkata Mohan S, Tabish NMD. Microbial electrolysis cells for the production of biohydrogen in dark fermentation - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127934. [PMID: 36100184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess biohydrogen for future green energy, this review revisited dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Hydrogen evolution rate in mesophilic dark fermentation is as high as 192 m3 H2/m3-d, however hydrogen yield is limited. MECs are ideal for improving hydrogen yield from carboxylate accumulated from dark fermentation, whereas hydrogen production rate is too slow in MECs. Hence, improving anode kinetic is very important for realizing MEC biohydrogen. Intracellular electron transfer (IET) and extracellular electron transfer (EET) can limit current density in MECs, which is proportional to hydrogen evolution rate. EET does not limit current density once electrically conductive biofilms are formed on anodes, potentially producing 300 A/m2. Hence, IET kinetics mainly govern current density in MECs. Among parameters associated with IET kinetic, population of anode-respiring bacteria in anode biofilms, biofilm density of active microorganisms, biofilm thickness, and alkalinity are critical for current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sool Lee
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH) 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wang Xin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ranaprathap Katakojwala
- Bioengineering and Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Noori M D Tabish
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala De Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
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Lee HS, Lee SY, Yoo K, Kim HW, Lee E, Im NG. Biohydrogen production and purification: Focusing on bioelectrochemical systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127956. [PMID: 36115508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Innovative technologies on green hydrogen production become significant as the hydrogen economy has grown globally. Biohydrogen is one of green hydrogen production methods, and microbial electrochemical cells (MECs) can be key to biohydrogen provision. However, MECs are immature for biohydrogen technology due to several limitations including extracellular electron transfer (EET) engineering. Fundamental understanding of EET also needs more works to accelerate MEC commercialization. Interestingly, studies on biohydrogen gas purification are limited although biohydrogen gas mixture requires complex purification for use. To facilitate an MEC-based biohydrogen technology as the green hydrogen supply this review discussed EET kinetics, engineering of EET and direct interspecies electron transfer associated with hydrogen yield and the application of advanced molecular biology for improving EET kinetics. Finally, this article reviewed biohydrogen purification technologies to better understand purification and use appropriate for biohydrogen, focusing on membrane separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sool Lee
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 61003 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Keunje Yoo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kim
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Eunseok Lee
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Nam Gyu Im
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
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9
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Edel M, Philipp LA, Lapp J, Reiner J, Gescher J. Electron transfer of extremophiles in bioelectrochemical systems. Extremophiles 2022; 26:31. [PMID: 36222927 PMCID: PMC9556394 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-022-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of bacteria and archaea with electrodes is a relatively new research field which spans from fundamental to applied research and influences interdisciplinary research in the fields of microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology as well as process engineering. Although a substantial understanding of electron transfer processes between microbes and anodes and between microbes and cathodes has been achieved in mesophilic organisms, the mechanisms used by microbes under extremophilic conditions are still in the early stages of discovery. Here, we review our current knowledge on the biochemical solutions that evolved for the interaction of extremophilic organisms with electrodes. To this end, the available knowledge on pure cultures of extremophilic microorganisms has been compiled and the study has been extended with the help of bioinformatic analyses on the potential distribution of different electron transfer mechanisms in extremophilic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Edel
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Alina Philipp
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Lapp
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Reiner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Pulse-opencircuit voltammetry: A novel method characterizes bioanode performance from microbe-electrode interfacial processes. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114708. [PMID: 36152396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioanode is a key component of bioelectrochemical systems, but the methods characterizing its resistance distribution are lacked. We propose a novel pulse-opencircuit voltammetry (POV) based on the analytical principle clarified from the electron flow pathways of microbe-electrode interfacial processes (MEIPs). A dual-cathode cell is designed to provide an experimental platform for ensuring precise data acquisition of bioanodes. This POV method enables to measure steady state polarization curves and ohmic potential loss curves by integrating potentiostatic discharge and current interruption techniques. They determines reaction resistance (RB,act) and ohmic resistance (RB,ohm) of biofilm with the assistance of impedance spectroscopy measuring material resistance. The results of various bioanodes demonstrate that RB,act is the principal limiting factor and its value relies on catabolism state. Whilst RB,ohm is relevant to extracellular electron transfer behaviors. They are two useful indicators of the dynamic evaluation of biofilm. We anticipate that this method together with the cell platform is accessible to users and has wide applications in bioanode construction and electroactive bacteria investigation.
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Yadav S, Singh R, Sundharam SS, Chaudhary S, Krishnamurthi S, Patil SA. Geoalkalibacter halelectricus SAP-1 sp. nov. possessing extracellular electron transfer and mineral-reducing capabilities from a haloalkaline environment. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5066-5081. [PMID: 36066180 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular electron transfer (EET)-capable electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) play crucial roles in mineral cycling and interspecies electron transfer in different environments and are used as biocatalysts in microbial electrochemical technologies. Studying EAMs from extreme environments is desired to advance the electromicrobiology discipline, understanding their unique metabolic traits with implications to extreme microbiology, and develop specific bioelectrochemical applications. Here, we present a novel haloalkaliphilic bacterium named Geoalkalibacter halelectricus SAP-1, isolated from a microbial electroactive biofilm enriched from the haloalkaline lake sediments. It is a rod-shaped Gram-negative heterotrophic anaerobe that uses various carbon and energy sources and respires on soluble and insoluble terminal electron acceptors. Besides 16S-rRNA and whole-genome-based phylogeny, the GGDC values of 21.7 %, ANI of 78.5, and 2.77 % genomic DNA GC content difference with the closest validly named species Geoalkalibacter ferrihydriticus (DSM 17813T ) confirmed its novelty. When grown with the solid-state electrode as the only electron acceptor, it produced 460±23 μA/cm2 bioelectrocatalytic current, thereby confirming its electroactivity. Further electrochemical analysis revealed the presence of membrane redox components with high formal potentials, putatively involved in the direct mode of EET. These are distinct from EET components reported for any known electroactive microorganisms, including well-studied Geobacter spp., Shewanella spp. and Desulfuromonas acetexigens. Further the capabilities of G. halelectricus SAP-1 to respire soluble as well insoluble electron acceptors including fumarate, SO4 2- , Fe3+ , and Mn4+ suggests its role in cycling these elements in haloalkaline environments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrampal Yadav
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shiva S Sundharam
- Microbial Types Culture Collection & Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Srishti Chaudhary
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Srinivasan Krishnamurthi
- Microbial Types Culture Collection & Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sunil A Patil
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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12
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Chaudhary S, Yadav S, Singh R, Sadhotra C, Patil SA. Extremophilic electroactive microorganisms: Promising biocatalysts for bioprocessing applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126663. [PMID: 35017088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) use extracellular electron transfer (EET) processes to access insoluble electron donors or acceptors in cellular respiration. These are used in developing microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) for biosensing and bioelectronics applications and the valorization of liquid and gaseous wastes. EAMs from extreme environments can be useful to overcome the existing limitations of METs operated with non-extreme microorganisms. Studying extreme EAMs is also necessary to improve understanding of respiratory processes involving EET. This article first discusses the advantages of using extreme EAMs in METs and summarizes the diversity of EAMs from different extreme environments. It is followed by a detailed discussion on their use as biocatalysts in various bioprocessing applications via bioelectrochemical systems. Finally, the challenges associated with operating METs under extreme conditions and promising research opportunities on fundamental and applied aspects of extreme EAMs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Chaudhary
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sukrampal Yadav
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Chetan Sadhotra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil A Patil
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India.
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13
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Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an industrial important group of organisms that are notable for their inability to respire without growth supplements. Recently described bioelectroanalytical detectors that can specifically detect and enumerate microorganisms depend on a phenomenon known as extracellular electron transport (EET) for effective detection. EET is often described as a type of microbial respiration, which logically excludes LAB from such a detection platform. However, members of the LAB have recently been described as electroactive with the ability to carry out EET, providing a timely impetus to revisit the utility of bioelectroanalytical detectors in LAB detection. Here, we show that an LAB, Enterococcus faecalis, is easily detected bioelectroanalytically using the defined substrate resorufin-β-d-galactopyranoside. Detection is rapid, ranging from 34 to 235 min for inoculum sizes between 107 and 104 CFU mL−1, respectively. We show that, although the signal achieved by Enterococcus faecalis is comparable to systems that rely on the respiratory EET strategies of target bacteria, E. faecalis is not dependent on the electrode for energy, and it is only necessary to capture small amounts of an organism’s metabolic energy to, in this case 1.6%, to achieve good detection. The results pave the way for new means of detecting an industrially important group of organisms, particularly in the food industry.
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14
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Kas A, Yilmazel YD. High current density via direct electron transfer by hyperthermophilic archaeon, Geoglobus acetivorans, in microbial electrolysis cells operated at 80 °C. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108072. [PMID: 35144167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of hyperthermophilic electro-active microorganisms in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) that are used for hydrogen production from organic wastes offers significant advantages, such as increased reaction rate and enhanced degradation of insoluble materials. However, only a limited number of hyperthermophilic bioelectrochemical systems have been investigated so far. This study is the first to illustrate hydrogen production in hyperthermophilic MECs with a maximum rate of 0.57 ± 0.06 m3 H2/m3d, where an iron reducing archaeon, Geoglobus acetivorans, was used as inoculum. In fact, this is the first study to report that G. acetivorans, as the fourth hyperthermophilic electro-active archaeon. In single chamber MECs operated at 80 °C with a set potential of 0.7 V, a peak current density of 1.53 ± 0.24 A/m2 has been attained and this is the highest record of current produced by pure culture hyperthermophilic microorganisms. Turnover cyclic voltammetry curve illustrated a sigmoidal shape (midpoint of -0.40 V vs. Ag/AgCl), and together with linear relation of scan rate and peak anodic current, proves the biofilm attachment to the anode and its capability of direct electron transfer. Along with simple substrate (acetate), G. acetivorans effectively utilized dark fermentation effluent for hydrogen production in MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Kas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Dilsad Yilmazel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Xie A, Deaver JA, Miller E, Popat SC. Evaluation of electrical current production in microbial electrolysis cells fed with animal rendering wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131547. [PMID: 34329127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) generate electrical current from the oxidation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), primarily acetate, in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Animal rendering wastewater (RW) has high fat content, which under anaerobic conditions can yield acetate, making RW a potential feed for MECs. Yet, excess intermediate long chain fatty acids (LCFA) may limit conversion of LCFA and SCFA, and impact ARB activity. Here, we evaluated electrical current production in single-chamber MECs fed with RW. In RW-fed MECs, 34.26 ± 2.69% of the COD provided was converted to electrical current in an 80-day batch cycle. LCFA accumulated in RW-fed MECs, during which conversion of acetate to electrical current was limited. Diverse sulfate-reducing microorganisms were present in the anode biofilm in RW-fed MECs, whereas the genus Geobacter dominated in inoculum-only control MECs. Detection of H2-utilizing homoacetogens suggested some internal cycling of H2 produced at the cathode. Overall, this study shows that current production is possible from RW, but to be a viable process for RW treatment, further improvement in rates of COD conversion and current production is necessary along with identifying configurations and/or conditions in which the inhibitory effect of LCFA is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA
| | - Jessica A Deaver
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA
| | - Emily Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 127 Earle Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Sudeep C Popat
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA.
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Singh H, Paritosh K, Vivekanand V. Microorganism assisted biohydrogen production and bioreactors: an overview. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Singh
- Centre for converging technology University of Rajasthan Jaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Kunwar Paritosh
- Centre for Energy and Environment Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan India
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17
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Impedance spectroscopic study of biofilm formation on pencil lead graphite anode in microbial fuel cell. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Gurumurthy DM, Bilal M, Nadda AK, Reddy VD, Saratale GD, Guzik U, Ferreira LFR, Gupta SK, Savanur MA, Mulla SI. Evaluation of cell wall-associated direct extracellular electron transfer in thermophilic Geobacillus sp. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:383. [PMID: 34350088 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a cell wall-associated extracellular electron transfer (EET) was determined in the thermophilic Geobacillus sp. to utilize iron as a terminal electron acceptor. The direct extracellular transfer of its electrons was primarily linked to the cell wall cytochrome-c and diffusible redox mediators like flavins during the anoxic condition. Based on the azo dye decolouration and protein film voltammetry, it was revealed that, in the absence of surface polysaccharide and diffusible mediators, the cell wall-associated EET pathway was likely to be a favorable mechanism in Geobacillus sp. Since the permeability of such redox molecule is primarily limited to the cell wall, the electron transfer occurs by direct contact with cell wall-associated cytochrome and final electron acceptor. Furthermore, transfer of electrons with the help of redox shuttling molecules like riboflavin from cytochrome to cells, vice versa indicates that Geoabcillus sp. has adopted this unique pathway during an anoxic environment for its respiration. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02917-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173234 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560 064 India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Urszula Guzik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science , University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering , Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490 Brazil
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | | | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560 064 India
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Blake RC, Nautiyal A, Smith KA, Walton NN, Pendleton B, Wang Z. Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum Exchanges Electrons With a Platinum Electrode via a Cytochrome With Reduced Absorbance Maxima at 448 and 605 nm. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705187. [PMID: 34381433 PMCID: PMC8350767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum is a Gram-positive member of the Actinobacteria phylum that can respire aerobically or anaerobically with soluble Fe(II) or Fe(III), respectively, in sulfuric acid at pH 1.5. Cyclic voltammetry measurements using intact F. acidiphilum at pH 1.5 produced fully reversible voltammograms that were highly reproducible. The maximum current observed with the anodic peak was considerably less than was the maximum current observed with the cathodic peak. This difference was attributed to the competition between the platinum electrode and the soluble oxygen for the available electrons that were introduced by the cathodic wave into this facultative aerobic organism. The standard reduction potential of the intact organism was determined to be 786 mV vs. the standard hydrogen electrode, slightly more positive than that of 735 mV that was determined for soluble iron at pH 1.5 using the same apparatus. Chronocoulometry measurements conducted at different cell densities revealed that the intact organism remained in close proximity to the working electrode during the measurement, whereas soluble ionic iron did not. When the cyclic voltammetry of intact F. acidiphilum was monitored using an integrating cavity absorption meter, the only small changes in absorbance that were detected were consistent with the participation of a cellular cytochrome with reduced absorbance peaks at 448 and 605 nm. The cytochrome that participated in the exchange of electrons between the intact organism and extracellular solid electrodes like platinum was the same cytochrome whose oxidation was previously shown to be rate-limiting when the organism respired aerobically on extracellular soluble iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Blake
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Amit Nautiyal
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kayla A Smith
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Noelle N Walton
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brealand Pendleton
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, NY, United States
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20
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Nath D, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. High throughput techniques for the rapid identification of electroactive microorganisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131489. [PMID: 34265713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive microorganisms (EAM), capable of executing extracellular electron transfer (EET) in/out of a cell, are employed in microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) and bioelectronics for harnessing electricity from wastewater, bioremediation and as biosensors. Thus, investigation on EAM is becoming a topic of interest for multidisciplinary areas, such as environmental science, energy and health sectors. Though, EAM are widespread in three domains of life, nevertheless, only a few hundred EAM have been identified so far and hence, the rapid identification of EAM is imperative. In this review, the techniques that are developed for the direct identification of EAM, such as azo dye and WO3 based techniques, dielectrophoresis, potentiostatic/galvanometric techniques, and other indirect methods, such as spectroscopy and molecular biology techniques, are highlighted with a special focus on time required for the detection of these EAM. The bottlenecks for identifying EAM and the knowledge gaps based on the present investigations are also discussed. Thus, this review is intended to encourage researchers for devolving high-throughput techniques for identifying EAM with more accuracy, while consuming less time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyojyoty Nath
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - M M Ghangrekar
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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21
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Bio-Electrochemical System Depollution Capabilities and Monitoring Applications: Models, Applicability, Advanced Bio-Based Concept for Predicting Pollutant Degradation and Microbial Growth Kinetics via Gene Regulation Modelling. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9061038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an emerging technology for waste, wastewater and polluted soil treatment. In this manuscript, pollutants that can be treated using MFC systems producing energy are presented. Furthermore, the applicability of MFC in environmental monitoring is described. Common microbial species used, release of genome sequences, and gene regulation mechanisms, are discussed. However, although scaling-up is the key to improving MFC systems, it is still a difficult challenge. Mathematical models for MFCs are used for their design, control and optimization. Such models representing the system are presented here. In such comprehensive models, microbial growth kinetic approaches are essential to designing and predicting a biosystem. The empirical and unstructured Monod and Monod-type models, which are traditionally used, are also described here. Understanding and modelling of the gene regulatory network could be a solution for enhancing knowledge and designing more efficient MFC processes, useful for scaling it up. An advanced bio-based modelling concept connecting gene regulation modelling of specific metabolic pathways to microbial growth kinetic models is presented here; it enables a more accurate prediction and estimation of substrate biodegradation, microbial growth kinetics, and necessary gene and enzyme expression. The gene and enzyme expression prediction can also be used in synthetic and systems biology for process optimization. Moreover, various MFC applications as a bioreactor and bioremediator, and in soil pollutant removal and monitoring, are explored.
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22
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Liang Y, Ji M, Zhai H, Zhao J. Organic matter composition, BaP biodegradation and microbial communities at sites near and far from the bioanode in a soil microbial fuel cell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:144919. [PMID: 33578157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioanodes in a soil microbial fuel cell (SMFC) can serve as sustainable electron acceptors in microbial metabolism processes; thus, SMFCs are considered a promising in situ bioremediation technology. Most related studies have focused on the removal efficiency of contaminants. Relatively few efforts have been made to comprehensively investigate the organic matter composition and biodegradation metabolites of organic contaminants and microbial communities at various distances from the bioanode. In this study, the level and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), biodegradation metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and microbial communities at two sites with different distances (S1cm and S11cm) to the bioanode were investigated in an SMFC. The consumption efficiency of dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) and removal efficiency of BaP (RBaP) at S1cm were slightly higher than those at S11cm after 100 days (RDOC 47.82 ± 5.77% at S1cm and 44.98 ± 10.76% at S11cm; RBaP 72.52 ± 1.88% at S1cm and 68.50 ± 4.34% at S11cm). More fulvic acid-like components and more low-molecular-weight metabolites (indicating a higher biodegradation degree) of BaP were generated at S1cm than at S11cm. The microbial community structures were similar at the two sites. Electroactive bacteria (EAB) and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degraders were both enriched at the bioanode. Energy metabolism at the bioanode could be upregulated to generate more adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In conclusion, the bioanode could modulate the metabolic pathways in the adjacent soil by strengthening the contact between the EAB and BaP degraders, and providing more ATP to the BaP degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiu Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongyan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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23
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Sapireddy V, Katuri KP, Muhammad A, Saikaly PE. Competition of two highly specialized and efficient acetoclastic electroactive bacteria for acetate in biofilm anode of microbial electrolysis cell. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:47. [PMID: 34059681 PMCID: PMC8166840 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining functional stability of microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) treating wastewater depends on maintaining functional redundancy of efficient electroactive bacteria (EAB) on the anode biofilm. Therefore, investigating whether efficient EAB competing for the same resources (electron donor and acceptor) co-exist at the anode biofilm is key for the successful application of MEC for wastewater treatment. Here, we compare the electrochemical and kinetic properties of two efficient acetoclastic EAB, Geobacter sulfurreducens (GS) and Desulfuromonas acetexigens (DA), grown as monoculture in MECs fed with acetate. Additionally, we monitor the evolution of DA and GS in co-culture MECs fed with acetate or domestic wastewater using fluorescent in situ hybridization. The apparent Monod kinetic parameters reveal that DA possesses higher jmax (10.7 ± 0.4 A/m2) and lower KS, app (2 ± 0.15 mM) compared to GS biofilms (jmax: 9.6 ± 0.2 A/m2 and KS, app: 2.9 ± 0.2 mM). Further, more donor electrons are diverted to the anode for respiration in DA compared to GS. In acetate-fed co-culture MECs, DA (98% abundance) outcompete GS for anode-dependent growth. In contrast, both EAB co-exist (DA: 55 ± 2%; GS: 24 ± 1.1%) in wastewater-fed co-culture MECs despite the advantage of DA over GS based on kinetic parameters alone. The co-existence of efficient acetoclastic EAB with high current density in MECs fed with wastewater is significant in the context of functional redundancy to maintain stable performance. Our findings also provide insight to future studies on bioaugmentation of wastewater-fed MECs with efficient EAB to enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerraghavulu Sapireddy
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna P Katuri
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Muhammad
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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24
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Faustino MM, Fonseca BM, Costa NL, Lousa D, Louro RO, Paquete CM. Crossing the Wall: Characterization of the Multiheme Cytochromes Involved in the Extracellular Electron Transfer Pathway of Thermincola ferriacetica. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020293. [PMID: 33572691 PMCID: PMC7911101 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are emerging as a suite of versatile sustainable technologies to produce electricity and added-value compounds from renewable and carbon-neutral sources using electroactive organisms. The incomplete knowledge on the molecular processes that allow electroactive organisms to exchange electrons with electrodes has prevented their real-world implementation. In this manuscript we investigate the extracellular electron transfer processes performed by the thermophilic Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the Thermincola genus, which were found to produce higher levels of current and tolerate higher temperatures in BES than mesophilic Gram-negative bacteria. In our study, three multiheme c-type cytochromes, Tfer_0070, Tfer_0075, and Tfer_1887, proposed to be involved in the extracellular electron transfer pathway of T. ferriacetica, were cloned and over-expressed in E. coli. Tfer_0070 (ImdcA) and Tfer_1887 (PdcA) were purified and biochemically characterized. The electrochemical characterization of these proteins supports a pathway of extracellular electron transfer via these two proteins. By contrast, Tfer_0075 (CwcA) could not be stabilized in solution, in agreement with its proposed insertion in the peptidoglycan wall. However, based on the homology with the outer-membrane cytochrome OmcS, a structural model for CwcA was developed, providing a molecular perspective into the mechanisms of electron transfer across the peptidoglycan layer in Thermincola.
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25
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Anode Modification as an Alternative Approach to Improve Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13246596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable production of electricity from renewable sources by microorganisms is considered an attractive alternative to energy production from fossil fuels. In recent years, research on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) technology for electricity production has increased. However, there are problems with up-scaling MFCs due to the fairly low power output and high operational costs. One of the approaches to improving energy generation in MFCs is by modifying the existing anode materials to provide more electrochemically active sites and improve the adhesion of microorganisms. The aim of this review is to present the effect of anode modification with carbon compounds, metallic nanomaterials, and polymers and the effect that these modifications have on the structure of the microbiological community inhabiting the anode surface. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of individual materials as well as possibilities for using them for environmentally friendly production of electricity in MFCs.
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26
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Jourdin L, Burdyny T. Microbial Electrosynthesis: Where Do We Go from Here? Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:359-369. [PMID: 33279279 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The valorization of CO2 to valuable products via microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a technology transcending the disciplines of microbiology, (electro)chemistry, and engineering, bringing opportunities and challenges. As the field looks to the future, further emphasis is expected to be placed on engineering efficient reactors for biocatalysts, to thrive and overcome factors which may be limiting performance. Meanwhile, ample opportunities exist to take the lessons learned in traditional and adjacent electrochemical fields to shortcut learning curves. As the technology transitions into the next decade, research into robust and adaptable biocatalysts will then be necessary as reactors shape into larger and more efficient configurations, as well as presenting more extreme temperature, salinity, and pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Jourdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Burdyny
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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27
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Xiao X, Yu HQ. Molecular mechanisms of microbial transmembrane electron transfer of electrochemically active bacteria. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 59:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Engineering S. oneidensis for Performance Improvement of Microbial Fuel Cell-a Mini Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:1170-1186. [PMID: 33200267 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology that utilizes exoelectrogens cultivated in the form of biofilm to generate power from various types of sources supplied. A metal-reducing pathway is utilized by these organisms to transfer electrons obtained from the metabolism of substrate from anaerobic respiration extracellularly. A widely established model organism that is capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET) is Shewanella oneidensis. This review highlights the strategies used in the transformation of S. oneidensis and the recent development of MFC in terms of intervention through genetic modifications. S. oneidensis was genetically engineered for several aims including the study on the underlying mechanisms of EET, and the enhancement of power generation and wastewater treating potential when used in an MFC. Through engineering S. oneidensis, genes responsible for EET are identified and strategies on enhancing the EET efficiency are studied. Overexpressing genes related to EET to enhance biofilm formation, mediator biosynthesis, and respiration appears as one of the common approaches.
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Microbial electroactive biofilms dominated by Geoalkalibacter spp. from a highly saline-alkaline environment. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:38. [PMID: 33051461 PMCID: PMC7555509 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the extreme microorganisms that possess extracellular electron transfer (EET) capabilities is pivotal to advance electromicrobiology discipline and to develop niche-specific microbial electrochemistry-driven biotechnologies. Here, we report on the microbial electroactive biofilms (EABs) possessing the outward EET capabilities from a haloalkaline environment of the Lonar lake. We used the electrochemical cultivation approach to enrich haloalkaliphilic EABs under 9.5 pH and 20 g/L salinity conditions. The electrodes controlled at 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl yielded the best-performing biofilms in terms of maximum bioelectrocatalytic current densities of 548 ± 23 and 437 ± 17 µA/cm2 with acetate and lactate substrates, respectively. Electrochemical characterization of biofilms revealed the presence of two putative redox-active moieties with the mean formal potentials of 0.183 and 0.333 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which represent the highest values reported to date for the EABs. 16S-rRNA amplicon sequencing of EABs revealed the dominance of unknown Geoalkalibacter sp. at ~80% abundance. Further investigations on the haloalkaliphilic EABs possessing EET components with high formal potentials might offer interesting research prospects in electromicrobiology.
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Shrestha N, Tripathi AK, Govil T, Sani RK, Urgun-Demirtas M, Kasthuri V, Gadhamshetty V. Electricity from lignocellulosic substrates by thermophilic Geobacillus species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17047. [PMID: 33046790 PMCID: PMC7552438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given our vast lignocellulosic biomass reserves and the difficulty in bioprocessing them without expensive pretreatment and fuel separation steps, the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass directly into electricity would be beneficial. Here we report the previously unexplored capabilities of thermophilic Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1 to generate electricity directly from such complex substrates in microbial fuel cells. This process obviates the need for exogenous enzymes and redox mediator supplements. Cyclic voltammetry and chromatography studies revealed the electrochemical signatures of riboflavin molecules that reflect mediated electron transfer capabilities of strain WSUCF1. Proteomics and genomics analysis corroborated that WSUCF1 biofilms uses type-II NADH dehydrogenase and demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase to transfer the electrons to conducting anode via the redox active pheromone lipoproteins localized at the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Shrestha
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, 47803, USA.
| | - Abhilash Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Tanvi Govil
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sani
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA. .,BuGReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
| | - Meltem Urgun-Demirtas
- Energy Global Security Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Venkateswaran Kasthuri
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA. .,BuGReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
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Engel M, Gemünde A, Holtmann D, Müller‐Renno C, Ziegler C, Tippkötter N, Ulber R. Clostridium Acetobutylicum
’s Connecting World: Cell Appendage Formation in Bioelectrochemical Systems. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Engel
- Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of Kaiserslautern 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - André Gemünde
- Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of Kaiserslautern 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Industrial BiotechnologyDECHEMA Research Institute 60486 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | - Christiane Ziegler
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Kaiserslautern 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Nils Tippkötter
- Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of Applied Science Aachen 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of Kaiserslautern 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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Dessì P, Chatterjee P, Mills S, Kokko M, Lakaniemi AM, Collins G, Lens PNL. Power production and microbial community composition in thermophilic acetate-fed up-flow and flow-through microbial fuel cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122115. [PMID: 31541978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microbial communities developed from a mixed-species culture in up-flow and flow-through configurations of thermophilic (55 °C) microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and their power production from acetate, were investigated. The up-flow MFC was operated for 202 days, obtaining an average power density of 0.13 W/m3, and Tepidiphilus was the dominant transcriptionally-active microorganisms. The planktonic community developed in the up-flow MFC was used to inoculate a flow-through MFC resulting in the proliferation of Ureibacillus, whose relative abundance increased from 1 to 61% after 45 days. Despite the differences between the up-flow and flow-through MFCs, including the anode electrode, hydrodynamic conditions, and the predominant microorganism, similar (p = 0.05) volumetric power (0.11-0.13 W/m3), coulombic efficiency (16-18%) and acetate consumption rates (55-69 mg/L/d) were obtained from both. This suggests that though MFC design can shape the active component of the thermophilic microbial community, the consortia are resilient and can maintain similar performance in different MFC configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dessì
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland; National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - Simon Mills
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Marika Kokko
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Lakaniemi
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Gavin Collins
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland; National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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Sánchez C, Dessì P, Duffy M, Lens PNL. Microbial electrochemical technologies: Electronic circuitry and characterization tools. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 150:111884. [PMID: 31780409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemistry merges microbiology, electrochemistry and electronics to provide a set of technologies for environmental engineering applications. Understanding the electronic concepts is crucial for effectively adopting these systems, but the importance of electronic circuitry is often overlooked by microbial electrochemistry researchers. This review provides the background on the electronics and electrochemical concepts involved in the study of microorganisms interacting with electricity, and their applications in microbial electrochemical technology (MET). The potentiostat circuitry is described along with its working principles. Electrochemical analyses are presented together with the rational and parameters employed to study MET devices and electroactive microorganisms. Finally, future directions are delineated towards the adoption of MET, and the related electronics, in environmental engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Paolo Dessì
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maeve Duffy
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Strategies for improving the electroactivity and specific metabolic functionality of microorganisms for various microbial electrochemical technologies. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107468. [PMID: 31707076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive microorganisms, which possess extracellular electron transfer (EET) capabilities, are the basis of microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) such as microbial fuel and electrolysis cells. These are considered for several applications ranging from the energy-efficient treatment of waste streams to the production of value-added chemicals and fuels, bioremediation, and biosensing. Various aspects related to the microorganisms, electrodes, separators, reactor design, and operational or process parameters influence the overall functioning of METs. The most fundamental and critical performance-determining factor is, however, the microorganism-electrode interactions. Modification of the electrode surfaces and microorganisms for optimizing their interactions has therefore been the major MET research focus area over the last decade. In the case of microorganisms, primarily their EET mechanisms and efficiencies along with the biofilm formation capabilities, collectively considered as microbial electroactivity, affect their interactions with the electrodes. In addition to electroactivity, the specific metabolic or biochemical functionality of microorganisms is equally crucial to the target MET application. In this article, we present the major strategies that are used to enhance the electroactivity and specific functionality of microorganisms pertaining to both anodic and cathodic processes of METs. These include simple physical methods based on the use of heat and magnetic field along with chemical, electrochemical, and growth media amendment approaches to the complex procedure-based microbial bioaugmentation, co-culture, and cell immobilization or entrapment, and advanced toolkit-based biofilm engineering, genetic modifications, and synthetic biology strategies. We further discuss the applicability and limitations of these strategies and possible future research directions for advancing the highly promising microbial electrochemistry-driven biotechnology.
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Tapia-Tussell R, Valle-Gough RE, Peraza-Baeza I, Domínguez-Maldonado J, Gonzalez-Muñoz M, Cortes-Velazquez A, Leal-Baustista RM, Alzate-Gaviria L. Influence of two polarization potentials on a bioanode microbial community isolated from a hypersaline coastal lagoon of the Yucatan peninsula, in México. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 681:258-266. [PMID: 31103663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, halotolerant biofilms have become a subject of interest for its application in Bioelectrochemical systems for wastewater treatment. To determine if the polarization potential affects the microbial community of a halotolerant bioanode, four bioanodes were poised at potentials of +0.34 V/SHE and - 0.16 V/SHE and the 16S rRNA gene was analyzed through a MiSeq (Ilumina) system. Oceanospirillum, Halomonas and Marinobacterium were the most predominant genus; no previous studies have reported the presence of Oceanospirillum in anodic biofilms. The fitness with the dataset for +0.34 V/SHE with a modified Butler Volmer Monod model, gives a value of K1 was 0.0002 (2.64 A m-2 and 38% coulombic efficiency), indicating the fastest electrochemical reaction. Whereas that -0.16 V/SHE case, the high value of K1 (12.2 with 1.82 A m-2 and 10% coulombic efficiency) indicated that the electron transfer was far from being reversible (Nernstian).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Tapia-Tussell
- Renewable Energy, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research (CICY), Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Km 5, Sierra Papacal, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97302, Mexico
| | - Raul E Valle-Gough
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Escárcega, Calle 85 s/n entre 10B, colonia Unidad Esfuerzo y Trabajo I, Escárcega C.P. 24350, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Isaías Peraza-Baeza
- Civil, Environmental & Sustainable Engineering, Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe Zip Code 85281, AZ, USA
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Maldonado
- Renewable Energy, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research (CICY), Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Km 5, Sierra Papacal, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97302, Mexico
| | - Muriel Gonzalez-Muñoz
- Renewable Energy, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research (CICY), Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Km 5, Sierra Papacal, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97302, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa M Leal-Baustista
- Water Research Unit, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research (CICY), calle 8 número 39 Mza 29 S.M. 64 Lote 1 colonia Centro, Cancún C.P. 77500, Q.Roo, Mexico
| | - Liliana Alzate-Gaviria
- Renewable Energy, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research (CICY), Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Km 5, Sierra Papacal, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97302, Mexico.
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Gurumurthy DM, Bharagava RN, Kumar A, Singh B, Ashfaq M, Saratale GD, Mulla SI. EPS bound flavins driven mediated electron transfer in thermophilic Geobacillus sp. Microbiol Res 2019; 229:126324. [PMID: 31491671 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Through extracellular electron transfer (EET), bacteria are capable of transforming different insoluble materials of geochemical interest into energy-rich molecules for their growth. For this process, bacteria have been depending directly or indirectly on molecules synthesized within the cells or by various synthetics as mediators. Herein, we studied the in-situ change in electrochemistry and supporting components for EET in the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) producing biofilm of thermophilic Geobacillus sp. The CV and DPV resultsrevealed that the intact biofilm of bacteria was not able to generate any potential at 25 °C /- ≤50 °C. However, at 55 °C (optimal condition), the potential occurred drastically after the EPS production by bacteria. HPLC and MALDI-TOF results revealed that the presence of Flavins, which can able adsorbed to the electrodes from the cell surface. Moreover, the temperature-dependent EPS production and originally conceived ability of flavins to act as electron shuttles suggest that not much complexity in bacteria with minerals. Additionally, the electrochemical potential was severely affected upon removal of EPS/flavin moiety from the intact biofilm, revealed the necessity of EPS bound flavins in transferring the electrons across its thick cell walls. This paradigm shift to electrogenic nature of Geobacillus sp. biofilm will become evident in the adaptation of other microbes during mineral respiration in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Department of Microbiology (DM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb BhimraoAmbedkar University (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India
| | - Bhaskar Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560 064, Karnataka State, India.
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How Thermophilic Gram-Positive Organisms Perform Extracellular Electron Transfer: Characterization of the Cell Surface Terminal Reductase OcwA. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01210-19. [PMID: 31431546 PMCID: PMC6703420 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01210-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Gram-positive organisms were recently shown to be a promising class of organisms to be used in bioelectrochemical systems for the production of electrical energy. These organisms present a thick peptidoglycan layer that was thought to preclude them to perform extracellular electron transfer (i.e., exchange catabolic electrons with solid electron acceptors outside the cell). In this paper, we describe the structure and functional mechanisms of the multiheme cytochrome OcwA, the terminal reductase of the Gram-positive bacterium Thermincola potens JR found at the cell surface of this organism. The results presented here show that this protein can take the role of a respiratory “Swiss Army knife,” allowing this organism to grow in environments with soluble and insoluble substrates. Moreover, it is shown that it is unrelated to terminal reductases found at the cell surface of other electroactive organisms. Instead, OcwA is similar to terminal reductases of soluble electron acceptors. Our data reveal that terminal oxidoreductases of soluble and insoluble substrates are evolutionarily related, providing novel insights into the evolutionary pathway of multiheme cytochromes. Extracellular electron transfer is the key process underpinning the development of bioelectrochemical systems for the production of energy or added-value compounds. Thermincola potens JR is a promising Gram-positive bacterium to be used in these systems because it is thermophilic. In this paper, we describe the structural and functional properties of the nonaheme cytochrome OcwA, which is the terminal reductase of this organism. The structure of OcwA, determined at 2.2-Å resolution, shows that the overall fold and organization of the hemes are not related to other metal reductases and instead are similar to those of multiheme cytochromes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and sulfur. We show that, in addition to solid electron acceptors, OcwA can also reduce soluble electron shuttles and oxyanions. These data reveal that OcwA can work as a multipurpose respiratory enzyme allowing this organism to grow in environments with rapidly changing availability of terminal electron acceptors without the need for transcriptional regulation and protein synthesis.
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Extracellular electron transfer features of Gram-positive bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1076:32-47. [PMID: 31203962 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive microorganisms possess the unique ability to transfer electrons to or from solid phase electron conductors, e.g., electrodes or minerals, through various physiological mechanisms. The processes are commonly known as extracellular electron transfer and broadly harnessed in microbial electrochemical systems, such as microbial biosensors, microbial electrosynthesis, or microbial fuel cells. Apart from a few model microorganisms, the nature of the microbe-electrode conductive interaction is poorly understood for most of the electroactive species. The interaction determines the efficiency and a potential scaling up of bioelectrochemical systems. Gram-positive bacteria generally have a thick electron non-conductive cell wall and are believed to exhibit weak extracellular electron shuttling activity. This review highlights reported research accomplishments on electroactive Gram-positive bacteria. The use of electron-conducting polymers as mediators is considered as one promising strategy to enhance the electron transfer efficiency up to application scale. In view of the recent progress in understanding the molecular aspects of the extracellular electron transfer mechanisms of Enterococcus faecalis, the electron transfer properties of this bacterium are especially focused on. Fundamental knowledge on the nature of microbial extracellular electron transfer and its possibilities can provide insight in interspecies electron transfer and biogeochemical cycling of elements in nature. Additionally, a comprehensive understanding of cell-electrode interactions may help in overcoming insufficient electron transfer and restricted operational performance of various bioelectrochemical systems and facilitate their practical applications.
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Lusk BG. Thermophiles; or, the Modern Prometheus: The Importance of Extreme Microorganisms for Understanding and Applying Extracellular Electron Transfer. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:818. [PMID: 31080440 PMCID: PMC6497744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately four billion years ago, the first microorganisms to thrive on earth were anaerobic chemoautotrophic thermophiles, a specific group of extremophiles that survive and operate at temperatures ∼50 - 125°C and do not use molecular oxygen (O2) for respiration. Instead, these microorganisms performed respiration via dissimilatory metal reduction by transferring their electrons extracellularly to insoluble electron acceptors. Genetic evidence suggests that Gram-positive thermophilic bacteria capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET) are positioned close to the root of the Bacteria kingdom on the tree of life. On the contrary, EET in Gram-negative mesophilic bacteria is a relatively new phenomenon that is evolutionarily distinct from Gram-positive bacteria. This suggests that EET evolved separately in Gram-positive thermophiles and Gram-negative mesophiles, and that EET in these bacterial types is a result of a convergent evolutionary process leading to homoplasy. Thus, the study of dissimilatory metal reducing thermophiles provides a glimpse into some of Earth's earliest forms of respiration. This will provide new insights for understanding biogeochemistry and the development of early Earth in addition to providing unique avenues for exploration and discovery in astrobiology. Lastly, the physiological composition of Gram-positive thermophiles, coupled with the kinetic and thermodynamic consequences of surviving at elevated temperatures, makes them ideal candidates for developing new mathematical models and designing innovative next-generation biotechnologies. KEY CONCEPTS Anaerobe: organism that does not require oxygen for growth. Chemoautotroph: organism that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic electron donors. Convergent Evolution: process in which organisms which are not closely related independently evolve similar traits due to adapting to similar ecological niches and/or environments. Dissimilatory Metal Reduction: reduction of a metal or metalloid that uses electrons from oxidized organic or inorganic electron donors. Exoelectrogen: microorganism that performs dissimilatory metal reduction via extracellular electron transfer. Extremophiles: organisms that thrive in physical or geochemical conditions that are considered detrimental to most life on Earth. Homoplasy: a character shared by a set of species that is not shared by a common ancestor Non-synonymous Substitutions (K a ): a substitution of a nucleotide that changes a codon sequence resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. Synonymous Substitutions (K s ): a substitution of a nucleotide that may change a codon sequence, but results in no change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. Thermophiles: a specific group of extremophiles that survive and operate at temperatures ∼50-125°C.
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Rathinam NK, Bibra M, Salem DR, Sani RK. Thermophiles for biohydrogen production in microbial electrolytic cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:171-178. [PMID: 30679062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermophiles are promising options to use as electrocatalysts for bioelectrochemical applications including microbial electrolysis. They possess several interesting characteristics such as ability to catalyze a broad range of substrates at better rates and over a broad range of operating conditions, and better electrocatalysis/electrogenic activity over mesophiles. However, a very limited number of investigations have been carried out to explore the microbial reactions/pathways and the molecular mechanisms that contribute to better electrocatalysis/electrolysis in thermophiles. Here, we review the electroactive characteristics of thermophiles, their electron transfer mechanisms, and molecular insights behind the choice of thermophiles for bioelectrochemical/electrolytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navanietha Krishnaraj Rathinam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA; BuG ReMeDEE Consortia, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA; Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
| | - Mohit Bibra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA
| | - David R Salem
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA; Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Rajesh K Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA; BuG ReMeDEE Consortia, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA; Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
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41
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Logan BE, Rossi R, Ragab A, Saikaly PE. Electroactive microorganisms in bioelectrochemical systems. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:307-319. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Enhancement of bio-desulfurization capability of a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium using starch/iron nanoparticles in a controlled system. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1801-1809. [PMID: 30248429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing application of oil and petroleum products, increased environmental contamination has become a matter of concern. Bio-desulfurization process may be used to eliminate sulfur from fossil fuels in the moderate condition. In this study, a thermophilic bacterium was isolated that was able to desulfurize dibenzothiophene. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that this strain is related closely to Bacillus thermoamylovorans (97%). This strain grew in Basal salt medium containing DBT (100 mgl-1) as the only sulfur source, at 55°C and showed maximum growth (OD660 = 0.850) following 72 h incubation time. 2‑hydroxybiphenyl was produced at the maximal concentration (26.13 ± 0.12 mgl-1) at 72 h. Bio-desulfurization and growth rate factors were optimized using response surface methodology. Starch/Fe3O4 and starch/Fe nanoparticles were used for enhancement of BDS efficiency. The size of starch/Fe3O4 and starch/Fe nanoparticles were 20 and 30-40 nm, respectively, as described by using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the immobilized cells by starch/Fe3O4 and starch/Fe nanoparticles had higher desulfurization capacity, about 10% and 22% more, respectively. Also, BDS in a bioreactor in the presence of nanoparticles was increased 25% with respect of the process occurred in the flask.
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Sevda S, Sharma S, Joshi C, Pandey L, Tyagi N, Abu-Reesh I, Sreekrishnan T. Biofilm formation and electron transfer in bioelectrochemical systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2018.1486889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surajbhan Sevda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, India
| | - Chetan Joshi
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Lalit Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, India
| | | | | | - T.R. Sreekrishnan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Shrestha N, Chilkoor G, Vemuri B, Rathinam N, Sani RK, Gadhamshetty V. Extremophiles for microbial-electrochemistry applications: A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 255:318-330. [PMID: 29433771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extremophiles, notably archaea and bacteria, offer a good platform for treating industrial waste streams that were previously perceived as hostile to the model organisms in microbial electrochemical systems (MESs). Here we present a critical overview of the fundamental and applied biology aspects of halophiles and thermophiles in MESs. The current study suggests that extremophiles enable the MES operations under a seemingly harsh conditions imposed by the physical (pressure, radiation, and temperature) and geochemical extremes (oxygen levels, pH, and salinity). We highlight a need to identify the underpinning mechanisms that define the exceptional electrocatalytic performance of extremophiles in MESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Shrestha
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States
| | - Govinda Chilkoor
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States
| | - Bhuvan Vemuri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States
| | - Navanietha Rathinam
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States
| | - Rajesh K Sani
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States; Surface Engineering Research Center, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States.
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Lusk BG, Peraza I, Albal G, Marcus AK, Popat SC, Torres CI. pH Dependency in Anode Biofilms of Thermincola ferriacetica Suggests a Proton-Dependent Electrochemical Response. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5527-5534. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G. Lusk
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- ScienceTheEarth, Mesa, Arizona 85201, United States
| | - Isaias Peraza
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gaurav Albal
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Andrew K. Marcus
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sudeep C. Popat
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Court, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - Cesar I. Torres
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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46
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Venkidusamy K, Hari AR, Megharaj M. Petrophilic, Fe(III) Reducing Exoelectrogen Citrobacter sp. KVM11, Isolated From Hydrocarbon Fed Microbial Electrochemical Remediation Systems. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:349. [PMID: 29593662 PMCID: PMC5858583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exoelectrogenic biofilms capable of extracellular electron transfer are important in advanced technologies such as those used in microbial electrochemical remediation systems (MERS) Few bacterial strains have been, nevertheless, obtained from MERS exoelectrogenic biofilms and characterized for bioremediation potential. Here we report the identification of one such bacterial strain, Citrobacter sp. KVM11, a petrophilic, iron reducing bacterial strain isolated from hydrocarbon fed MERS, producing anodic currents in microbial electrochemical systems. Fe(III) reduction of 90.01 ± 0.43% was observed during 5 weeks of incubation with Fe(III) supplemented liquid cultures. Biodegradation screening assays showed that the hydrocarbon degradation had been carried out by metabolically active cells accompanied by growth. The characteristic feature of diazo dye decolorization was used as a simple criterion for evaluating the electrochemical activity in the candidate microbe. The electrochemical activities of the strain KVM11 were characterized in a single chamber fuel cell and three electrode electrochemical cells. The inoculation of strain KVM11 amended with acetate and citrate as the sole carbon and energy sources has resulted in an increase in anodic currents (maximum current density) of 212 ± 3 and 359 ± mA/m2 with respective coulombic efficiencies of 19.5 and 34.9% in a single chamber fuel cells. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that anaerobically grown cells of strain KVM11 are electrochemically active whereas aerobically grown cells lacked the electrochemical activity. Electrobioremediation potential of the strain KVM11 was investigated in hydrocarbonoclastic and dye detoxification conditions using MERS. About 89.60% of 400 mg l-1 azo dye was removed during the first 24 h of operation and it reached below detection limits by the end of the batch operation (60 h). Current generation and biodegradation capabilities of strain KVM11 were examined using an initial concentration of 800 mg l-1 of diesel range hydrocarbons (C9-C36) in MERS (maximum currentdensity 50.64 ± 7 mA/m2; power density 4.08 ± 2 mW/m2, 1000 ω, hydrocarbon removal 60.14 ± 0.7%). Such observations reveal the potential of electroactive biofilms in the simultaneous remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated environments with generation of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaveni Venkidusamy
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Ananda Rao Hari
- Division of Sustainable Development, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Yilmazel YD, Zhu X, Kim KY, Holmes DE, Logan BE. Electrical current generation in microbial electrolysis cells by hyperthermophilic archaea Ferroglobus placidus and Geoglobus ahangari. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 119:142-149. [PMID: 28992595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Few microorganisms have been examined for current generation under thermophilic (40-65°C) or hyperthermophilic temperatures (≥80°C) in microbial electrochemical systems. Two iron-reducing archaea from the family Archaeoglobaceae, Ferroglobus placidus and Geoglobus ahangari, showed electro-active behavior leading to current generation at hyperthermophilic temperatures in single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). A current density (j) of 0.68±0.11A/m2 was attained in F. placidus MECs at 85°C, and 0.57±0.10A/m2 in G. ahangari MECs at 80°C, with an applied voltage of 0.7V. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that both strains produced a sigmoidal catalytic wave, with a mid-point potential of -0.39V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for F. placidus and -0.37V for G. ahangari. The comparison of CVs using spent medium and turnover CVs, coupled with the detection of peaks at the same potentials in both turnover and non-turnover conditions, suggested that mediators were not used for electron transfer and that both archaea produced current through direct contact with the electrode. These two archaeal species, and other hyperthermophilic exoelectrogens, have the potential to broaden the applications of microbial electrochemical technologies for producing biofuels and other bioelectrochemical products under extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin D Yilmazel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Xiuping Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kyoung-Yeol Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dawn E Holmes
- Department of Biology, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Bruce E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Shehab NA, Ortiz-Medina JF, Katuri KP, Hari AR, Amy G, Logan BE, Saikaly PE. Enrichment of extremophilic exoelectrogens in microbial electrolysis cells using Red Sea brine pools as inocula. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:82-86. [PMID: 28500892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Applying microbial electrochemical technologies for the treatment of highly saline or thermophilic solutions is challenging due to the lack of proper inocula to enrich for efficient exoelectrogens. Brine pools from three different locations (Valdivia, Atlantis II and Kebrit) in the Red Sea were investigated as potential inocula sources for enriching exoelectrogens in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) under thermophilic (70°C) and hypersaline (25% salinity) conditions. Of these, only the Valdivia brine pool produced high and consistent current 6.8±2.1A/m2-anode in MECs operated at a set anode potential of +0.2V vs. Ag/AgCl (+0.405V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). These results show that exoelectrogens are present in these extreme environments and can be used to startup MEC under thermophilic and hypersaline conditions. Bacteroides was enriched on the anode of the Valdivia MEC, but it was not detected in the open circuit voltage reactor seeded with the Valdivia brine pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura A Shehab
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Research Product Development Innovations, The Business Gate Qurtubah, Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan F Ortiz-Medina
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna P Katuri
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ananda Rao Hari
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Amy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruce E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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49
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Lusk BG, Colin A, Parameswaran P, Rittmann BE, Torres CI. Simultaneous fermentation of cellulose and current production with an enriched mixed culture of thermophilic bacteria in a microbial electrolysis cell. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 11:63-73. [PMID: 28557303 PMCID: PMC5743814 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An enriched mixed culture of thermophilic (60°C) bacteria was assembled for the purpose of using cellulose to produce current in thermophilic microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Cellulose was fermented into sugars and acids before being consumed by anode‐respiring bacteria (ARB) for current production. Current densities (j) were sustained at 6.5 ± 0.2 A m−2 in duplicate reactors with a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 84 ± 0.3%, a coulombic recovery (CR) of 54 ± 11% and without production of CH4. Low‐scan rate cyclic voltammetry (LSCV) revealed a mid‐point potential (Eka) of −0.17 V versus SHE. Pyrosequencing analysis of the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rDNA and scanning electron microscopy present an enriched thermophilic microbial community consisting mainly of the phylum Firmicutes with the Thermoanaerobacter (46 ± 13%) and Thermincola (28 ± 14%) genera occupying the biofilm anode in high relative abundance and Tepidmicrobium (38 ± 6%) and Moorella (11 ± 8%) genera present in high relative abundance in the bulk medium. The Thermoanaerobacter (15 ± 16%) and Brevibacillus (21 ± 30%) genera were also present in the bulk medium; however, their relative abundance varied by reactor. This study indicates that thermophilic consortia can obtain high CE and CR, while sustaining high current densities from cellulose in MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G Lusk
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA.,#ScienceTheEarth, Mesa, AZ, 85201, USA
| | - Alexandra Colin
- Ecole Normale Superieure, 45, rue d'Ulm, 75230, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Prathap Parameswaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, 2123 Fiedler Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA.,School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Cesar I Torres
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA.,School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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50
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Benyamin MS, Jahnke JP, Mackie DM. Vapor-fed bio-hybrid fuel cell. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:68. [PMID: 28331544 PMCID: PMC5356349 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentration and purification of ethanol and other biofuels from fermentations are energy-intensive processes, with amplified costs at smaller scales. To circumvent the need for these processes, and to potentially reduce transportation costs as well, we have previously investigated bio-hybrid fuel cells (FCs), in which a fermentation and FC are closely coupled. However, long-term operation requires strictly preventing the fermentation and FC from harming each other. We introduce here the concept of the vapor-fed bio-hybrid FC as a means of continuously extracting power from ongoing fermentations at ambient conditions. By bubbling a carrier gas (N2) through a yeast fermentation and then through a direct ethanol FC, we protect the FC anode from the catalyst poisons in the fermentation (which are non-volatile), and also protect the yeast from harmful FC products (notably acetic acid) and from build-up of ethanol. RESULTS Since vapor-fed direct ethanol FCs at ambient conditions have never been systematically characterized (in contrast to vapor-fed direct methanol FCs), we first assess the effects on output power and conversion efficiency of ethanol concentration, vapor flow rate, and FC voltage. The results fit a continuous stirred-tank reactor model. Over a wide range of ethanol partial pressures (2-8 mmHg), power densities are comparable to those for liquid-fed direct ethanol FCs at the same temperature, with power densities >2 mW/cm2 obtained. We then demonstrate the continuous operation of a vapor-fed bio-hybrid FC with fermentation for 5 months, with no indication of performance degradation due to poisoning (of either the FC or the fermentation). It is further shown that the system is stable, recovering quickly from disturbances or from interruptions in maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The vapor-fed bio-hybrid FC enables extraction of power from dilute bio-ethanol streams without costly concentration and purification steps. The concept should be scalable to both large and small operations and should be generalizable to other biofuels and waste-to-energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin P. Jahnke
- Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20740 USA
| | - David M. Mackie
- Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20740 USA
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