1
|
Lonappan DK, Kuruvalli G, Shaik AH, Hebbani AV, Reddyvari H, Damodara Reddy V, Vadamalai V. Alcohol-induced hormonal and metabolic alterations in plasma and erythrocytes-a gender-based study. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:350-358. [PMID: 38031273 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2290071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to understand the gender-specific alcohol-induced biochemical changes and TBARS association with the endocrine system. METHODS Human male and female subjects ranging from 35 ± 10 years old with an 8-10-year drinking history were included in the study. RESULTS The results demonstrated that testosterone levels were lower in male alcoholics and higher in female alcoholics, as well as higher estrogen and cortisol levels in both genders. In addition, we found lower T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in alcoholics of both sexes. Furthermore, plasma TBARS, protein carbonyls, nitrite, and nitrate levels increased significantly with concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in both male and female alcoholics. Furthermore, erythrocyte lysate nitrite and nitrate levels membrane total cholesterol, phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio with lower total membrane proteins in both genders of alcoholics. SDS-PAGE analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins revealed increased density of band 3, protein 4.1, 4.2, 4.9 and glycophorins, whereas decreases in spectrin (α and β) were observed in both genders of alcoholics. Besides, alcoholics of both sexes had a lower ability to resist osmotic hemolysis. Plasma TBARS was negatively correlated with testosterone, TSH, T3 and T4 in male alcoholics, moreover, estradiol and cortisol were positively correlated in males and females respectively. CONCLUSION Female alcoholics may be more susceptible to osmotic hemolysis due to increased erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation with decreased antioxidant status, which results in an altered membrane C/P ratio and membrane protein composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gouthami Kuruvalli
- Department of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore. Karnataka, India
| | - Althaf Hussain Shaik
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hymavathi Reddyvari
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
R S, Naveen Kumar S, Mb MR, Pattar J, Reddy VD. Correction: Investigating the effect of acidic and basic precipitation on the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2906. [PMID: 38421041 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb90045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Correction for 'Investigating the effect of acidic and basic precipitation on the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria' by Sreekanth R. et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 2180-2196, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TB02119J.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth R
- Department of Chemistry, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - S Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Jayadev Pattar
- Department of Physics, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pulakuntla S, Syed K, Reddy VD. Analysis of Somatic Mutations in the TCGA-LIHC Whole Exome Sequence to Identify the Neoantigen for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:106-120. [PMID: 38248311 PMCID: PMC10813969 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There are numerous clinically proven methods for treating cancer worldwide. Immunotherapy has been used to treat cancer with significant success in the current studies. The purpose of this work is to identify somatically altered target gene neoantigens and investigate liver cancer-related immune cell interaction and functional changes for potential immunotherapy in future clinical trials. Clinical patient data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used in this investigation. The R maf utility package was used to perform somatic analysis. The 17-mer peptide neoantigens were extracted using an in-house Python software called Peptide.py. Additionally, the epitope analysis was conducted using NetMHCpan4.1 program. Neopeptide immunogenicity was assessed using DeepCNN-Ineo, and tumor immune interaction, association with immune cells, correlation, and survival analysis were assessed using the TIMER web server. Based on somatic mutation analysis, we have identified the top 10 driver genes (TP53, TNN, CTNNB1, MUC16, ALB, PCLO, MUC4, ABCA13, APOB, and RYR2). From the superfamily of 20 HLA (Human leukocyte antigens) allele epitopes, we discovered 5653 neopeptides. Based on T cell receptor face hydrophobic analysis, these neopeptides were subjected to immunogenicity investigation. A mutation linked to tumor growth may have an impact on immune cells. According to this study's correlation and survival analysis, all driver genes may function as immune targets for liver cancer. These genes are recognized to be immune targets. In the future, immune checkpoint inhibitors may be developed to prolong patient survival times and prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Pulakuntla
- School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Khajamohiddin Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maity S, Santra A, Vardhan Hebbani A, Pulakuntla S, Chatterjee A, Rao Badri K, Damodara Reddy V. Targeting cytokine storm as the potential anti-viral therapy: Implications in regulating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Gene 2023:147612. [PMID: 37423400 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The latest global pandemic corona virus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 is still a matter of worrying concern both for the scientific communities and health care organizations. COVID-19 disease is proved to be a highly contagious disease transmitted through respiratory droplets and even close contact with affected individuals. COVID-19 disease is also understood to exhibit diverse symptoms of ranging severities i.e., from mild fatigue to death. Affected individuals' susceptibility to induce immunologic dysregulation phenomena termed 'cytokine storm' seems to be playing the damaging role of escalating the disease manifestation from mild to severe. Cytokine storm in patients with severe symptoms is understood to be characterized by enhanced serum levels of many cytokines including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, IL-10, TNF, interferon-γ, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and VEGF. Since cytokine production in general is the most important antiviral defense response, understanding the COVID-19 associated cytokine storm in particular and differentiating it from the regular cytokine production response becomes crucial in developing an effective therapeutic strategy.This review focuses on the potential targeting of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm and its challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subashish Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Ayantika Santra
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Academy Degree College, Bengaluru, 560 043, India
| | | | - Swetha Pulakuntla
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Kameswara Rao Badri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, GA, Atlanta-30310, USA; Clinical Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, COVID-19 Testing Laboratory, Morehouse School of Medicine, GA, Atlanta-30310, USA.
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mubeena A, Nagarajaiah H, Pulakuntla S, Damodara Reddy V, Madhusudana Reddy MB. Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of a Series of Amino-Pyrimidines as Possible Anti-Cancer Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2174994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameerjan Mubeena
- Department of Chemistry, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Swetha Pulakuntla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hebbani AV, Pulakuntla S, Pannuru P, Aramgam S, Badri KR, Reddy VD. COVID-19: comprehensive review on mutations and current vaccines. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:8. [PMID: 34873656 PMCID: PMC8647783 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viral outbreaks had been a threat for the human race for a long time. Several epidemics and pandemics have been reported in the past with serious consequences on human health and subsequent social and economic aspects. According to WHO, viral infections continue to be a major health concern globally. Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) causes the most recent infectious pandemic disease, COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19). As of now, there were 249 million infections of COVID-19 worldwide with a high mortality of more than 5 million deaths reported; and the number of new additional cases is drastically increasing. Development of therapies to treat the infected cases and prophylactic agents including vaccines that are effective towards different variants are crucial to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Owing to the fact that there is a high mortality and morbidity rate along with the risk of virus causing further epidemic outbursts, development of additional effective therapeutic and preventive strategies are highly warranted. Prevention, early detection and treatment will reduce the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. The present review highlights the novel mutations and therapeutic updates associated with coronaviruses along with the clinical manifestations-diagnosis, clinical management and, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies of COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Swetha Pulakuntla
- Department of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Padmavathi Pannuru
- DR Biosciences, Research and Development Institute, Bettahalasur, Bengaluru, 562157, India
| | - Sreelatha Aramgam
- Department of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kameswara Rao Badri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
- Clinical Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gurumurthy DM, Bilal M, Nadda AK, Reddy VD, Saratale GD, Guzik U, Ferreira LFR, Gupta SK, Savanur MA, Mulla SI. Evaluation of cell wall-associated direct extracellular electron transfer in thermophilic Geobacillus sp. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:383. [PMID: 34350088 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a cell wall-associated extracellular electron transfer (EET) was determined in the thermophilic Geobacillus sp. to utilize iron as a terminal electron acceptor. The direct extracellular transfer of its electrons was primarily linked to the cell wall cytochrome-c and diffusible redox mediators like flavins during the anoxic condition. Based on the azo dye decolouration and protein film voltammetry, it was revealed that, in the absence of surface polysaccharide and diffusible mediators, the cell wall-associated EET pathway was likely to be a favorable mechanism in Geobacillus sp. Since the permeability of such redox molecule is primarily limited to the cell wall, the electron transfer occurs by direct contact with cell wall-associated cytochrome and final electron acceptor. Furthermore, transfer of electrons with the help of redox shuttling molecules like riboflavin from cytochrome to cells, vice versa indicates that Geoabcillus sp. has adopted this unique pathway during an anoxic environment for its respiration. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02917-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173234 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560 064 India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Urszula Guzik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science , University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering , Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490 Brazil
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | | | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560 064 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pulakuntla S, Lokhande KB, Padmavathi P, Pal M, Swamy KV, Sadasivam J, Singh SA, Aramgam SL, Reddy VD. Mutational analysis in international isolates and drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: molecular docking and simulation approach. Virusdisease 2021; 32:690-702. [PMID: 34307771 PMCID: PMC8282177 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is spreading, as the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). It has infected more than 1.65 billion people all over the world since it was discovered and reported 3.43 million deaths by mid of May 2021. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell by binding to viral surface glycoprotein (S protein) with human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme2). Spike protein (contains S1 and S2 sub-domains) molecular interaction with the host cells is considered as a major step in the viral entry and disease initiation and progression and this identifies spike protein as a promising therapeutic target against antiviral drugs. Currently, there are no efficient antiviral drugs for the prevention of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we have analyzed global 8719 spike protein sequences from patients infected with SAR-CoV-2. These SAR-CoV-2 genome sequences were downloaded from the GISAID database. By using an open reading frame (ORF) tool we have identified the spike protein sequence. With these, all spike protein amino acid sequences are subjected to multiple sequence alignment (MSA) with Wuhan strain spike protein sequence as a query sequence, and it shows all SAR-CoV strain spike proteins are 99.8% identical. In the mutational analysis, we found 639 mutations in the spike protein sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and identified/highlighted 20 common mutations L5F, T22I, T29I, H49Y, L54F, V90F, S98F, S221L, S254F, V367F, A520S, T572I, D614G, H655Y, P809S, A879S, D936Y, A1020S, A1078S, and H1101Y. Further, we have analyzed the crystal structure of the 2019-nCoV chimeric receptor-binding complex with ACE2 (PDB ID: 6VW1) as a major target protein. The spike receptor binding protein (RBD) used as target region for our studies with FDA-approved drugs for repurposing, and identified few anti-SARS-CoV2 potential drugs (Silmitasertib, AC-55541, Merimepodib, XL413, AZ3451) based on their docking score and binding mode calculations expected to strongly bind to motifs of ACE2 receptor and may show impart relief in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Pulakuntla
- Department of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064 India
| | - Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411033 India
| | - Pannuru Padmavathi
- DR Biosciences, Research & Development Unit, Bettahalasur, Bangalore, 562157 India
| | - Meena Pal
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 20130 India
| | - Kakumani Venkateswara Swamy
- MIT School of Bioengineering Science and Research, MIT Art Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra 412202 India
| | - Jayashree Sadasivam
- Department of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064 India
| | - Shri Abhiav Singh
- Department of ISRM, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Sree Latha Aramgam
- Department of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064 India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shah A, Tyagi S, Saratale GD, Guzik U, Hu A, Sreevathsa R, Reddy VD, Rai V, Mulla SI. A comprehensive review on the influence of light on signaling cross-talk and molecular communication against phyto-microbiome interactions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:370-393. [PMID: 33550862 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1869686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Generally, plant growth, development, and their productivity are mainly affected by their growth rate and also depend on environmental factors such as temperature, pH, humidity, and light. The interaction between plants and pathogens are highly specific. Such specificity is well characterized by plants and pathogenic microbes in the form of a molecular signature such as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and microbes-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), which in turn trigger systemic acquired immunity in plants. A number of Arabidopsis mutant collections are available to investigate molecular and physiological changes in plants under the presence of different light conditions. Over the past decade(s), several studies have been performed by selecting Arabidopsis thaliana under the influence of red, green, blue, far/far-red, and white light. However, only few phenotypic and molecular based studies represent the modulatory effects in plants under the influence of green and blue lights. Apart from this, red light (RL) actively participates in defense mechanisms against several pathogenic infections. This evolutionary pattern of light sensitizes the pathologist to analyze a series of events in plants during various stress conditions of the natural and/or the artificial environment. This review scrutinizes the literature where red, blue, white, and green light (GL) act as sensory systems that affects physiological parameters in plants. Generally, white and RL are responsible for regulating various defense mechanisms, but, GL also participates in this process with a robust impact! In addition to this, we also focus on the activation of signaling pathways (salicylic acid and jasmonic acid) and their influence on plant immune systems against phytopathogen(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Shah
- CP College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, Dantiwada, India
| | - Shaily Tyagi
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Urszula Guzik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Vandna Rai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hebbani AV, Bulle S, Kanu VR, Balachandrababu Malini A, Reddy VD, Chakravarthula VN. Nephro-protective activity of wheatgrass juice against alcohol-induced oxidative damage in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:679-686. [PMID: 32811246 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1810837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study is an attempt to check the protective effect of fresh wheatgrass juice (WJ) as a potential therapeutic agent against alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress leading to nephrotoxicity in rats. Administration of 20% ethanol (5 g/kg b.wt/day) for 60 days resulted in a significant rise in the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine with decreased levels of uric acid. Besides, a significant decrease in plasma electrolyte/mineral levels along with decreased activity of Na+/K+-ATPase activity was recorded in alcohol administered rats. In alcohol administered rats augmented lipid peroxidation (thio-barbituric acid reactive substance - TBARS) and nitric oxide (NOx) reflects the increased oxidative stress and nitrosative stress, moreover, we noticed a concomitant decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) with decreased activities of antioxidant enzyme machinery viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione s-transferase (GST). Administration of WJ to the alcoholic rats significantly restored the plasma biochemical markers and the kidney antioxidant status near to control group animal levels. These findings were further confirmed by the kidney histopathological studies, wherein the protective effect of WJ treatment in retaining the morphological features of the renal tissue in spite of the alcohol administration was evident. The rich repertoire of phenolic compounds present in the WJ from the freshly sprouted seeds synergistically protected the kidney from alcohol-induced damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Vardhan Hebbani
- Department of Biotechnology, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, KA, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, AP, India
| | - Saradamma Bulle
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, AP, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reddy VD, Myers BA, Chan SY, Thibodeaux QG, Brownstone ND, Bhutani T, Liao W, Lester JC, Koo JY. A review of current phase III clinical trials of plaque psoriasis: under-representation of nonwhite participants and need for reform. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:348-350. [PMID: 32767747 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V D Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B A Myers
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Y Chan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Q G Thibodeaux
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N D Brownstone
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T Bhutani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J C Lester
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Y Koo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raut GK, Manchineela S, Chakrabarti M, Bhukya CK, Naini R, Venkateshwari A, Reddy VD, Mendonza JJ, Suresh Y, Nallari P, Bhadra MP. Imine stilbene analog ameliorate isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:80-88. [PMID: 32311492 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to stress, in order to maintain proper cardiac function. However, sustained stress leads to pathological hypertrophy accompanied by maladaptive responses and ultimately heart failure. At the cellular level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in myocyte size, reactivation of the fetal gene markers, disassembly of the sarcomere and transcriptional remodelling which are regulated by heart-specific transcription factors like MEF2, GATA4 and immediate early genes like c-jun and c-fos.2. It has been explored and established that the hypertrophic process is associated by oxidative stress and mediated by pathways involving several terminal stress kinases like P38, JNK and ERK1/2. Stilbenoids are bioactive polyphenols and earlier studies have shown that imine stilbene exert cardioprotective and anti aging effects by acting as modulators of Sirt1. The present study was aimed at designing and synthesizing a series of imine stilbene analogs and investigate its anti hypertrophic effects and regulatory mechanism in cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. Interestingly one of the analog, compound 3e (10 μM) alleviated isoproterenol (ISO, 25 μM) induced hypertrophy in rat cardiomyocyte (H9c2) cells by showing a marked decrease in the myocyte size. Further, compound 3e also restored the cardiac function by activating the metabolic stress sensor, AMPK. Moreover, molecular docking studies showed stable binding between compound 3e and GSK3β suggesting that compound 3e may directly regulate GSK3β activity and ameliorate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In agreement with this, compound 3e also modulated the crosstalk of all the hypertrophy inducing terminal Kinases by bringing down the expression to near control conditions. The compound also relieved H2O2 (100 μM) mediated ROS and normalized abnormal mitochondrial oxygen demand in hypertrophic conditions indicating the possibility of the compound to show promise in playing a role in cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Raut
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Sairam Manchineela
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Moumita Chakrabarti
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Chaitanya Kumar Bhukya
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Raju Naini
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - A Venkateshwari
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetics Disease, Osmania University, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - V D Reddy
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Jolly Janette Mendonza
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Y Suresh
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Pratibha Nallari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reddy PS, Lokhande KB, Nagar S, Reddy VD, Murthy PS, Swamy KV. Molecular Modeling, Docking, Dynamics and Simulation of Gefitinib and its Derivatives with EGFR in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2018; 14:246-252. [PMID: 29493460 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666180228111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gefitinib (lressa) is the most prescribed drug, highly effective to treat nonsmall cell lung cancer; primarily it was considered that targeted therapy is a kinase inhibitor. The nonsmall cell lung cancer is caused by mutation in the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene. Iressa works by blocking the EGFR protein that helps the cancer cell growth. EGFR protein has lead to the development of anticancer therapeutics directed against EGFR inhibitor including Gefitinib for non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS To explore the interaction between Gefitinib and its derivatives with crystal structure of EGFR to understand the better molecular insights interaction strategies. Molecular modeling of ligands (Gefitinib and its derivatives) was carried out by Avogadro software till atomic angle stable confirmation was obtained. The partial charges for the ligands were assigned as per standard protocol for molecular docking. All docking simulations were performed with AutoDockVina. Virtual screening was carried out based on binding energy and hydrogen bonding affinity. Molecular dynamics (MD) and Simulation EGFR were done using GROMACS 5.1.1 software to explore the interaction stability in a cell. RESULTS The stable conformation for EGFR protein trajectories were captured at various time intervals 0-20ns. Few compounds screen based on high affinity as the inhibitor for EGFR may inhibit the cell cycle signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSION These result suggested a computer-aided screening approach of Gefitinib derivatives with regard to their binding to EGFR for identifying novel drugs for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pulakuntla Swetha Reddy
- DR Biosciences, Research and Development Center, Jayanagar 4th Block, Bangalore-560011, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune-411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shuchi Nagar
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune-411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur- 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Sushma Murthy
- DR Biosciences, Research and Development Center, Jayanagar 4th Block, Bangalore-560011, Karnataka, India
| | - K Venkateswara Swamy
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune-411033, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shakeela Begum M, Saradamma B, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Maturu P, Ellutla NB, Thippannagari L, Varadacharyulu N. Influence of green tea consumption on cigarette smoking-induced biochemical changes in plasma and blood. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
15
|
Yadav RS, Lokhande KB, Reddy VD, Swamy KV. Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic studies of Phytocompounds with HIF-1 alpha, HIF-2 alpha, and SREBP1c to Explore its Inhibitory Effect on Metabolic disorders and in Cancer. Can J Biotech 2017. [DOI: 10.24870/cjb.2017-a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
16
|
Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Bulle S, Hebbani AV, Marthadu SB, Venugopalacharyulu NC, Maturu P, Varadacharyulu NC. Association between alcohol-induced oxidative stress and membrane properties in synaptosomes: A protective role of vitamin E. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 63:60-65. [PMID: 28778836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption leads to various neurological diseases. Synaptosomes are ideal organelles to study the functional properties of the brain in alcoholism. This study focuses on the association between oxidative stress and synaptosomal membrane properties in alcohol treated rats. Sixty day old male albino rats were treated with 20% alcohol at 5g/kg body weight/ day for sixty days. Alcohol administration significantly increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls with decreased catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in synaptosomes. Further, alcohol administration decreased (cholesterol/phospholipids) C/P ratio in synaptosomal membranes, which was further confirmed using 1,6 diphenyl 1,3 hexatriene (DPH) as fluorescent probe. Moreover, alcohol treatment also increased membrane bound Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase enzyme activities. Correlation (r) analysis revealed that anisotropic (γ) values were strongly associated with lipid peroxidation (r=0.678) and Na+/K+-ATPase activity (r=0.793). The results of the present study clearly indicate that lipid peroxidation was positively correlated (r=0.621) with Na+/K+-ATPase activity and C/P ratio was negatively associated (r=-0.549) in alcohol treated animals. Similar results were found on alcohol treatment (50 and 100mM) of brain synaptosomes in vitro. But with the co-treatment of vitamin E reversed these changes. In conclusion, synaptosomal membranes properties are impaired due to increased oxidative stress, changes in lipid composition, altered fluidity and membrane bound enzyme activities. And treatment with vitamin E renders protection against ethanol-induced membrane alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515 003, AP, India..
| | - Pannuru Padmavathi
- Oil Technological Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Anantapuramu 515001, India
| | - Saradamma Bulle
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515 003, AP, India
| | - Ananda Vardhan Hebbani
- Department of Biotechnology, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore 560103, India
| | | | | | - Paramahamsa Maturu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas children's hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - N C Varadacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515 003, AP, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bulle S, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Maturu P, Puvvada PK, Nallanchakravarthula V. Association between alcohol-induced erythrocyte membrane alterations and hemolysis in chronic alcoholics. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 60:63-69. [PMID: 28163384 PMCID: PMC5281527 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to understand the association between erythrocyte membrane alterations and hemolysis in chronic alcoholics. Study was conducted on human male volunteers aged between 35-45 years with a drinking history of 8-10 years. Results showed that plasma marker enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and γGT were increased in alcoholic subjects. Plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte lysate nitric oxide (NOx) levels were also increased significantly in alcoholics. Furthermore, erythrocyte membrane protein carbonyls, total cholesterol, phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio were increased in alcoholics. SDS-PAGE analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins revealed that increased density of band 3, protein 4.2, 4.9, actin and glycophorins, whereas glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glycophorin A showed slight increase, however, decreased ankyrin with no change in spectrins (α and β) and protein 4.1 densities were observed in alcoholics. Moreover, alcoholics red blood cells showed altered morphology with decreased resistance to osmotic hemolysis. Increased hemolysis showed strong positive association with lipid peroxidation (r = 0.703, p<0.05), protein carbonyls (r = 0.754, p<0.05), lysate NOx (r = 0.654, p<0.05) and weak association with C/P ratio (r = 0.240, p<0.05). Bottom line, increased lipid and protein oxidation, altered membrane C/P ratio and membrane cytoskeletal protein profile might be responsible for the increased hemolysis in alcoholics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saradamma Bulle
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, AP, India
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, AP, India
| | - Pannuru Padmavathi
- Oil Technological Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur - 515 001, AP, India
| | - Paramahamsa Maturu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX-77030, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar Puvvada
- DR Biosciences, Research and Development Institute, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka - 560 011, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peng YJ, Yuan G, Khan S, Nanduri J, Makarenko VV, Reddy VD, Vasavda C, Kumar GK, Semenza GL, Prabhakar NR. Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-α isoforms and redox state by carotid body neural activity in rats. J Physiol 2014; 592:3841-58. [PMID: 24973414 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.273789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) results in an imbalanced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) isoforms and oxidative stress in rodents, which may be due either to the direct effect of CIH or indirectly via hitherto uncharacterized mechanism(s). As neural activity is a potent regulator of gene transcription, we hypothesized that carotid body (CB) neural activity contributes to CIH-induced HIF-α isoform expression and oxidative stress in the chemoreflex pathway. Experiments were performed on adult rats exposed to CIH for 10 days. Rats exposed to CIH exhibited: increased HIF-1α and decreased HIF-2α expression; increased NADPH oxidase 2 and decreased superoxide dismutase 2 expression; and oxidative stress in the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla as well as in the adrenal medulla (AM), a major end organ of the sympathetic nervous system. Selective ablation of the CB abolished these effects. In the AM, sympathetic activation by the CB chemoreflex mediates CIH-induced HIF-α isoform imbalance via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx, and the resultant activation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and calpain proteases. Rats exposed to CIH presented with hypertension, elevated sympathetic activity and increased circulating catecholamines. Selective ablation of either the CB (afferent pathway) or sympathetic innervation to the AM (efferent pathway) abolished these effects. These observations uncover CB neural activity-dependent regulation of HIF-α isoforms and the redox state by CIH in the central and peripheral nervous systems associated with the chemoreflex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Guoxiang Yuan
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shakil Khan
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vladislav V Makarenko
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chirag Vasavda
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ganesh K Kumar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology and Biological Chemistry, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology for O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Hymavathi R, Maturu P, Varadacharyulu N. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat liver microsomes: Protective effect of Emblica officinalis. Pathophysiology 2014; 21:153-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
20
|
Reddy KR, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Kavitha G, Saradamma B, Varadacharyulu NC. Gender differences in alcohol-induced oxidative stress and altered membrane properties in erythrocytes of rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2013; 50:32-39. [PMID: 23617072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress leads to imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system, resulting in oxidative damage to membrane components such as lipids and proteins, ultimately altering membrane properties. In this study, we assessed oxidative stress status and alterations in erythrocyte membrane properties in alcohol-administered rats with respect to gender difference. Alcohol (20% v/v) administered rats of both genders showed significant changes in plasma lipid profile with elevated nitrite/nitrate levels. Furthermore, alcohol-administration significantly decreased erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and enhanced erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio and Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity in both males and females. Besides, anisotropic studies revealed that alcohol-administration significantly decreased erythrocyte membrane fluidity. In conclusion, alcohol-administration significantly increased oxidative stress by decreasing antioxidant status, and subsequent generation of ROS altered membrane properties by altering fluidity and Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity. Female rats were more vulnerable to alcohol-induced biochemical and biophysical changes in plasma and erythrocyte including oxidative stress than male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kindinti Rameshwar Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maturu P, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Varadacharyulu N. Ethanol induced adaptive changes in blood for the pathological and toxicological effects of chronic ethanol consumption in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:697-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
22
|
Doma M, Abhayankar G, Reddy VD, Kavi Kishor PB. Carbohydrate and elicitor enhanced withanolide (withaferin A and withanolide A) accumulation in hairy root cultures of Withania somnifera (L.). Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:484-490. [PMID: 22822528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Withania somnifera contained more withaferin A and withanolide A than roots indicating that these compounds mainly accumulate in leaves. With an increase in age of the plant, withaferin A was enhanced with a corresponding decrease in withanolide A. Hairy root cultures were induced from leaf explants using Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the transgenic nature of hairy roots was confirmed by partial isolation and sequencing of rolB gene, which could not be amplified in untransformed plant parts. In hairy roots, withaferin A accumulated at 2, 3 and 4% but not at 6% sucrose, the highest amount being 1733 microg/g dry weight at 4% level. High and equal amounts of withaferin A and withanolide A accumulated (890 and 886 microg/g dry tissue respectively) only at 3% sucrose. Increasing concentrations of glucose enhanced withaferin A and it peaked at 5% level (3866 microg/g dry tissue). This amount is 2842 and 34% higher compared to untransformed roots and leaves (collected from 210-day-old plants) respectively. Withanolide A was detected at 5% glucose but not at other concentrations. While chitosan and nitric oxide increased withaferin A, jasmonic acid decreased it. Acetyl salicylic acid stimulated accumulation of both withaferin A and withanolide A at higher concentrations. Triadimefon, a fungicide, enhanced withaferin A by 1626 and 3061% (not detected earlier) compared to hairy and intact roots respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Doma
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Krushna GSS, Kareem MA, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Hussain SA, Devi Kodidhela L. Aegle marmelos fruit extract attenuates isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:199-204. [PMID: 22573921 PMCID: PMC3334372 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major public health concern and the leading cause of death throughout the world. The present study investigates the ability of Aegle marmelos fruit extract to prevent pathological changes and oxidative stress after isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. In vitro studies showed that Aegle marmelos fruit extract possesses antioxidant activity. Administration of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg body weight) to rats resulted in significantly elevated plasma transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, however, cardiac tissue analyses showed decreased activity of the above enzymes compared to experimental control rats. Further, isoproterenol administration significantly increased plasma and cardiac tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lowered the activities of cardiac tissue superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase when compared to control groups. Pretreatment with Aegle marmelos fruit extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight for a period of 45 days significantly prevented the observed alterations. Our data suggest that Aegle marmelos fruit extract exerts its protective effect by decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and elevating antioxidants status in isoproterenol treated rats. Both biochemical and histopathological results in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction model emphasize the beneficial action of Aegle marmelos fruit extract as a cardioprotective agent.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bharathi Y, Vijaya Kumar S, Pasalu IC, Balachandran SM, Reddy VD, Rao KV. Pyramided rice lines harbouring Allium sativum (asal) and Galanthus nivalis (gna) lectin genes impart enhanced resistance against major sap-sucking pests. J Biotechnol 2011; 152:63-71. [PMID: 21295625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed transgene pyramided rice lines, endowed with enhanced resistance to major sap-sucking insects, through sexual crosses made between two stable transgenic rice lines containing Allium sativum (asal) and Galanthus nivalis (gna) lectin genes. Presence and expression of asal and gna genes in pyramided lines were confirmed by PCR and western blot analyses. Segregation analysis of F₂ progenies disclosed digenic (9:3:3:1) inheritance of the transgenes. Homozygous F₃ plants carrying asal and gna genes were identified employing genetic and molecular methods besides insect bioassays. Pyramided lines, infested with brown planthopper (BPH), green leafhopper (GLH) and whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), proved more effective in reducing insect survival, fecundity, feeding ability besides delayed development of insects as compared to the parental transgenics. Under infested conditions, pyramided lines were found superior to the parental transgenics in their seed yield potential. This study represents first report on pyramiding of two lectin genes into rice exhibiting enhanced resistance against major sucking pests. The pyramided lines appear promising and might serve as a novel genetic resource in rice breeding aimed at durable and broad based resistance against hoppers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Bharathi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, University Campus, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Kavitha G, Gopi S, Varadacharyulu N. Emblica officinalis Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats. J Med Food 2011; 14:62-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pannuru Padmavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - Godugu Kavitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - Sriram Gopi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Padmavathi P, Reddy VD, Kavitha G, Paramahamsa M, Varadacharyulu N. Chronic cigarette smoking alters erythrocyte membrane lipid composition and properties in male human volunteers. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:181-6. [PMID: 20561918 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.05.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major lifestyle factor influencing the health of human beings. The present study investigates smoking induced alterations on the erythrocyte membrane lipid composition, fluidity and the role of nitric oxide. Thirty experimental and control subjects (age 35+/-8) were selected for the study. Experimental subjects smoke 12+/-2 cigarettes per day for 7-10 years. In smokers elevated nitrite/nitrate levels in plasma and red cell lysates were observed. Smokers showed increased hemolysis, erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, C/P ratio (cholesterol and phospholipid ratio), anisotropic (gamma) value with decreased Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and sulfhydryl groups. Alterations in smokers erythrocyte membrane individual phospholipids were also evident from the study. Red cell lysate nitric oxide positively correlated with C/P ratio (r=0.565) and fluorescent anisotropic (gamma) value (r=0.386) in smokers. Smoking induced generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species might have altered erythrocyte membrane physico-chemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pannuru Padmavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, AP 515055, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Padmavathi P, Reddy VD, Maturu P, Varadacharyulu N. Smoking-Induced Alterations in Platelet Membrane Fluidity and Na+/K+-ATPase Activity in Chronic Cigarette Smokers. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:619-27. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
28
|
Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Paramahamsa M, Varadacharyulu N. Modulatory role of Emblica officinalis against alcohol induced biochemical and biophysical changes in rat erythrocyte membranes. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1958-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
29
|
Padmavathi P, Damodara Reddy V, Narendra M, Varadacharyulu N. Bidis — hand-rolled, Indian cigarettes: Induced biochemical changes in plasma and red cell membranes of human male volunteers. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1041-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Padmavathi P, Reddy VD, Varadacharyulu N. Influence of Chronic Cigarette Smoking on Serum Biochemical Profile in Male Human Volunteers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.55.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville Health sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abhyankar G, Reddy VD. Rapid micropropagation via axillary bud proliferation of Adhatoda vasica Nees from nodal segments. Indian J Exp Biol 2007; 45:268-71. [PMID: 17373372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for rapid multiplication of Adhatoda vasica has been developed through nodal explants from field grown mature plants. The maximum number of shoots, i.e., 7.75 +/- 0.392 differentiated from split nodal halves on MS medium supplemented with BA (10.0 mg/l) during 4 weeks of culture. Maximum number of shoots formed per explant increased to ca. 30 within 6 weeks of subculture on medium containing BA (1.0 mg/l) and Kn (1.0 mg/l). The isolated shoots rooted 90% in MS medium containing IBA (0.1 mg/l) in 2 weeks. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to soil in glasshouse and subsequently in field. The plantlets rooted in liquid medium did not survive, but those rooted on solid medium showed more than 75% survival. In vitro raised plants grew successfully ex vitro till flowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Abhyankar
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Latha AM, Rao KV, Reddy TP, Reddy VD. Development of transgenic pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) plants resistant to downy mildew. Plant Cell Rep 2006; 25:927-35. [PMID: 16607531 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-006-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic pearl millet lines expressing pin gene--exhibiting high resistance to downy mildew pathogen, Sclerospora graminicola--were produced using particle-inflow-gun (PIG) method. Shoot-tip-derived embryogenic calli were co-bombarded with plasmids containing pin and bar genes driven by CaMV 35S promoter. Bombarded calli were cultured on MS medium with phosphinothricin as a selection agent. Primary transformants 1T(0), 2T(0), and 3T(0) showed the presence of both bar and pin coding sequences as evidenced by PCR and Southern blot analysis, respectively. T(1) progenies of three primary transformants, when evaluated for downy mildew resistance, segregated into resistant and susceptible phenotypes. T(1) plants resistant to downy mildew invariably exhibited tolerance to Basta suggesting co-segregation of pin and bar genes. Further, the downy mildew resistant 1T(1) plants were found positive for pin gene in Southern and Northern analyses thereby confirming stable integration, expression, and transmission of pin gene. 1T(2) progenies of 1T(0) conformed to dihybrid segregation of 15 resistant:1 susceptible plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Madhavi Latha
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mahalakshmi S, Christopher GSB, Reddy TP, Rao KV, Reddy VD. Isolation of a cDNA clone (PcSrp) encoding serine-rich-protein from Porteresia coarctata T. and its expression in yeast and finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) affording salt tolerance. Planta 2006; 224:347-59. [PMID: 16450172 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-005-0218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A 1.4 Kb cDNA clone encoding a serine-rich protein has been isolated from the cDNA library of salt stressed roots of Porteresia coarctata, and designated as P. coarctata serine-rich-protein (PcSrp) encoding gene. Northern analysis and in situ mRNA hybridization revealed the expression of PcSrp in the salt stressed roots and rhizome of P. coarctata. However, no such expression was seen in the salt stressed leaves and in the unstressed tissues of root, rhizome and leaf, indicating that PcSrp is under the control of a salt-inducible tissue-specific promoter. In yeast, the PcSrp conferred increased NaCl tolerance, implicating its role in salinity tolerance at cellular level. Further, PcSrp was cloned downstream to rice Actin-1 promoter and introduced into finger millet through particle-inflow-gun method. Transgenic plants expressing PcSrp were able to grow to maturity and set seed under 250 mM NaCl stress. The untransformed control plants by contrast failed to survive under similar salt stress. The stressed roots of transgenic plants invariably accumulated higher Na(+) and K(+) ion contents compared to roots of untransformed plants; whereas, shoots of transgenics accumulated lower levels of both the ions than that of untransformed plants under identical stress, clearly suggesting the involvement of PcSrp in ion homeostasis contributing to salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mahalakshmi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, 500 007 Hyderabad, AP, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abhyankar G, Reddy VD, Giri CC, Rao KV, Lakshmi VVS, Prabhakar S, Vairamani M, Thippeswamy BS, Bhattacharya PS. Amplified fragment length polymorphism and metabolomic profiles of hairy roots of Psoralea corylifolia L. Phytochemistry 2005; 66:2441-57. [PMID: 16169025 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A reproducible protocol for establishment of hairy root cultures of Psoralea corylifolia L. was developed using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834. The hairy root clones exhibited typical sigmoid growth curves. Genomic and metabolomic profiles of hairy root clones along with that of untransformed control were analysed. Hairy root clones, Ps I and Ps II, showed significant differences in their amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) profiles as compared to that of control, besides exhibiting Ri T-DNA-specific bands. These results amply indicate the stable integration of Ri T-DNA into the genomes of these clones. Further, the variations observed between clones in the AFLP profiles suggest the variable lengths and independent nature of Ri T-DNA integrations into their genomes. An isoflavonoid, formononetin, and its glycoside were present only in the hairy root clones while they were absent in the untransformed control. Variations observed in the metabolite profiles of these clones may be attributed to the random T-DNA integrations and associated changes caused by them in the recipient genomes. GC/MS analyses revealed the production of three and six clone-specific compounds in Ps I and Ps II, respectively, suggesting that the clones are dissimilar in their secondary metabolism. HPLC/UV-MS analyses disclosed substantial increases in the total isoflavonoids produced in Ps I (184%) and Ps II (94%) compared to untransformed control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Abhyankar
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ramesh S, Nagadhara D, Pasalu IC, Kumari AP, Sarma NP, Reddy VD, Rao KV. Development of stem borer resistant transgenic parental lines involved in the production of hybrid rice. J Biotechnol 2005; 111:131-41. [PMID: 15219400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2003] [Revised: 03/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem borer resistant transgenic parental lines, involved in hybrid rice, were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer method. Two pSB111 super-binary vectors containing modified cry1Ab/cry1Ac genes driven by maize ubiquitin promoter, and herbicide resistance gene bar driven by cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were, used in this study. Embryogenic calli after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium were selected on the medium containing phosphinothricin. Southern blot analyses of primary transformants revealed the stable integration of bar, cry1Ab and cry1Ac coding sequences into the genomes of three parental lines with a predominant single copy integration and without any rearrangement of T-DNA. T1 progeny plants disclosed a monogenic pattern (3:1) of transgene segregation as confirmed by molecular analyses. Furthermore, the co-segregation of bar and cry genes in T1 progenies suggested that the transgenes are integrated at a single site in the rice genome. In different primary transformants with alien inbuilt resistance, the levels of cry proteins varied between 0.03 and 0.13% of total soluble proteins. These transgenic lines expressing insecticidal proteins afforded substantial resistance against stem borers. This is the first report of its kind dealing with the introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry genes into the elite parental lines involved in the development of hybrid rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ramesh
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nagadhara D, Ramesh S, Pasalu IC, Rao YK, Sarma NP, Reddy VD, Rao KV. Transgenic rice plants expressing the snowdrop lectin gene (gna) exhibit high-level resistance to the whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Theor Appl Genet 2004; 109:1399-405. [PMID: 15252708 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic rice plants, expressing snowdrop lectin [Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)], obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, were evaluated for resistance against the insect, the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH). The transgene gna was driven by the phloem-specific, rice-sucrose synthase promoter RSs1, and the bar was driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. In our previous study, the transgenic status of these lines was confirmed by Southern, Northern and Western blot analyses. Both the transgenes, gna and bar, were stably inherited and co-segregated into progenies in T1 to T5 generations. Insect bioassays on transgenic plants revealed the potent entomotoxic effects of GNA on the WBPH. Also, significant decreases were observed in the survival, development and fecundity of the insects fed on transgenic plants. Furthermore, intact GNA was detected in the total proteins of WBPHs fed on these plants. Western blot analysis revealed stable and consistent expression of GNA throughout the growth and development of transgenic plants. Transgenic lines expressing GNA exhibited high-level resistance against the WBPH. As reported earlier, these transgenics also showed substantial resistance against the brown planthopper and green leafhopper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Nagadhara
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nagadhara D, Ramesh S, Pasalu IC, Rao YK, Krishnaiah NV, Sarma NP, Bown DP, Gatehouse JA, Reddy VD, Rao KV. Transgenic indica rice resistant to sap-sucking insects. Plant Biotechnol J 2003; 1:231-40. [PMID: 17156035 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-7652.2003.00022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been optimized in indica rice susceptible to sap-sucking insects, viz., brown planthopper (BPH) and green leafhopper (GLH). Snowdrop lectin gene (gna) from Galanthus nivalis, driven by phloem-specific rice-sucrose-synthase promoter, along with herbicide resistance gene (bar) driven by CaMV 35S promoter, was employed for genetic transformation. Embryogenic calli--after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harbouring Ti plasmid pSB111-bar-gna--were selected on the medium containing phosphinothricin. PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed the stable integration of both the genes into genomes of transgenic (T0) rice plants. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed the expression of gna in the transgenic plants. In the T1 and T2 generations, the gna and bar transgenes showed co-segregation at a ratio of 3 : 1. Plant progenies expressing gna, in T1 and T2, exhibited substantial resistance against BPH and GLH pests. This is the first report dealing with transgenic indica rice exhibiting high resistance to both insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Nagadhara
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mythili PK, Madhavi A, Reddy VD, Seetharama N. Efficient regeneration of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) from shoot tip cultures. Indian J Exp Biol 2001; 39:1274-9. [PMID: 12018524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple, genotype-independent and efficient method for plant regeneration using shoot tip explants of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was established. Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2.5 mg l(-1)) and kinetin (0. 2 mg l(-1)) was used for induction of embryogenic calli. Development of numerous somatic embryos was observed within 10 days after transferring onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl aminopurine (2 mg l(-1)) and indole 3-butyric acid (0. 5 mg l(-1)) under light (16 hr photoperiod). Histological observations confirmed the origin of somatic pro-embryoids and globular embryoids. Regenerated plants established in soil, grew normally and produced fertile seeds. RAPD analysis also revealed genetic uniformity of the regenerants. The short duration of time taken for regeneration (30-35 days) and its high frequency (78-87%) makes this system highly suitable for applications such as genetic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P K Mythili
- Genetic Resources and Enhancement Program, ICRISAT P.O., Patancheru, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rani AS, Subhadra VV, Reddy VD. In vitro propagation of Acorus calamus Linn.--a medicinal plant. Indian J Exp Biol 2000; 38:730-2. [PMID: 11215319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
High frequency in vitro propagation protocol was standardized from rhizome explants of A. calamus. Maximum shoot multiplication frequency was obtained on Murashige and Skoog's media supplemented with 4 mg/l 6-benzyl amino purine and 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid. Regenerated shoots were rooted in vitro or directly transferred to sterile soil and well developed roots were observed within two weeks. The rooted plants were successfully established in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Rani
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Richardson MS, Reddy VD, Read CA. New air-fluid levels in bullous lung disease: a reevaluation. J Natl Med Assoc 1996; 88:185-7. [PMID: 8839034 PMCID: PMC2608029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Air-fluid levels appearing in lung bullae are always considered to indicate infection and therefore conservative management with prolonged antibiotics and observation to resolution is the recommended approach. This article presents a case of bullous lung disease with new air-fluid levels, in which a diagnosis of malignancy was made by aspiration of the fluid. This association is discussed and a more aggressive evaluation of such patients to include computed tomography of the chest and fluid sampling is recommended before a presumption of benignity is made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Richardson
- Georgetown Department of Medicine, District of Columbia General Hospital, Washington, DC 20003, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Since first described in 1984, nontraumatic pneumothoraces in patients with AIDS has become more common. When compared with spontaneous pneumothorax in the general population, pneumothoraces in patients with AIDS are often complicated by prolonged air leaks as well as higher recurrence rates. Chemical pleurodesis has an important role in the management of these complications. The most experience with chemical pleurodesis uses tetracycline hydrochloride as the sclerosing agent; however, this agent is no longer available. Doxycycline has been used in pleurodesis of malignant effusions, but its use in managing pneumothoraces is limited. We present five patients who have AIDS with a total of seven pneumothoraces. Each patient experienced a persistent air leak. Six of the pneumothoraces were managed successfully with doxycycline. Although the follow-up period was limited, there were no recurrences noted and the only side effect seen was chest pain in four which was easily controlled with narcotics. Doxycycline sclerotherapy can be used effectively for pleurodesis in the management of nontraumatic pneumothorax in the patient with AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Read
- Georgetown University Department of Medicine, District of Columbia General Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Guntaka RV, Kandala JC, Reddy VD. Cloning and characterization of a highly conserved HMG-like protein (PF16) gene from Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 182:412-9. [PMID: 1731798 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel gene encoding a protein of 147 amino acids (Pf16) has been cloned from Plasmodium falciparum and expressed in E. coli. The protein contains 19 methionines, all of which are localized in the NH2-terminal 35 amino acid residues, and it is also rich in lysine. Pf16 is highly basic, contains a polyacidic domain consisting of aspartic acid and is related to the non-histone high mobility group proteins of higher eukaryotes. The gene is conserved among eight different species of Plasmodium so far examined, suggesting an important function for this gene product in the parasite's life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R V Guntaka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia 65212
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Reddy VD, Usha T. ABO blood groups and pulmonary tuberculosis in Warangal District of Telangana region. J Indian Med Assoc 1990; 88:337-8. [PMID: 2074351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Frequency distribution of ABO blood groups was studied in 100 male patients of pulmonary tuberculosis to know whether there was any relationship between the former and latter and it was compared with 6339 control healthy subjects. No significant association between ABO blood groups and pulmonary tuberculosis was found. No association existed even when divided by age group in incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V D Reddy
- Department of Physiology, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Reddy VD, Reddy GM. Genetic and biochemical basis of scent in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 1987; 73:699-700. [PMID: 24241193 DOI: 10.1007/bf00260778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1986] [Accepted: 11/19/1986] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The inheritance and biochemical basis of scent in rice was studied in the F2 population along with the F1 and its two parents, scented and non-scented 'Pokura' rice strains. The F1 plants were found to be nonscented while the F2 plants seggregated into a 3∶1 ratio (non-scented: scented). In scented F2 seggregants and in the scented parental strain, a fast moving esterase isozyme, Rf 0.9, is missing whereas it is present in all nonscented F2 seggregants, F1s, and in the non-scented parent. This suggests that the absence of a specific esterase isozyme is associated with the scent character in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V D Reddy
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, 500007, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|