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Yang Y, Sun M, Wu G, Qi Y, Zhu W, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Wang N, Sheng L, Wang W, Yu X, Yu J, Yao X, Zhou Y. Characteristics of aerosol aminiums over a coastal city in North China: Insights from the divergent impacts of marine and terrestrial influences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170672. [PMID: 38316306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Aminium ions, as crucial alkaline components within fine atmospheric particles, have a notable influence on new particle formation and haze occurrence. Their concentrations within coastal atmosphere depict considerable variation due to the interplay of distinctive marine and terrestrial sources, further complicated by dynamic meteorological conditions. This study conducted a comprehensive examination of aminiums ions concentrations, with a particular focus on methylaminium (MMAH+), dimethylaminium (DMAH+), trimethylaminium (TMAH+), and triethylaminium (TEAH+) within PM2.5, over varying seasons (summer, autumn, and winter of 2019 and summer of 2021), at an urban site in the coastal megacity of Qingdao, Northern China. The investigations revealed that the total concentration of particulate aminium ions (∑Aminium) was 21.6 ± 23.6 ng/m3, exhibiting higher values in the autumn and winter compared to the two summer periods. Considering diurnal variations during autumn and winter, concentrations of particulate aminium ions (excluding TEAH+) exhibited a slight increase during the day compared to night, with a notable peak during the morning hours. However, it was not the case for TEAH+, which was argued to be readily oxidized by ambient oxidants in the afternoon. Additionally, the ∑Aminium within the summer demonstrated markedly elevated levels during the day compared to night, potentially attributed to daytime sea fog associated with sea-land breeze interactions. Positive matrix factorization results indicate terrestrial anthropogenic emissions, including vehicle emission mixed with road dust and primary pollution, as the primary sources of MMAH+ and DMAH+. Conversely, TMAH+ was predominantly emitted from agricultural and marine sources. With the dominance of sea breeze in summer, TMAH+ was identified as a primary marine emission correlated with sea salt, while MMAH+, DMAH+, and TEAH+ were postulated to undergo secondary formation. Furthermore, a notable inverse correlation was observed between TMAH+ and methanesulfonate in PM2.5, consistent with dynamic emissions of sulfur-content and nitrogen-content gases reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mingge Sun
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guanru Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yuxuan Qi
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenshuai Li
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Jiaozhou Meteorological Bureau, Qingdao Meteorological Bureau, Qingdao 266300, China
| | - Lifang Sheng
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wencai Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jianzhen Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Hong Kong; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (MoE), Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Lei Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Cooke ME, Ledsky IR, Armstrong NC, Olson NE, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Ault AP. Initial pH Governs Secondary Organic Aerosol Phase State and Morphology after Uptake of Isoprene Epoxydiols (IEPOX). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10596-10607. [PMID: 35834796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol acidity increases secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the reactive uptake of isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX) by enhancing condensed-phase reactions within sulfate-containing submicron particles, leading to low-volatility organic products. However, the link between the initial aerosol acidity and the resulting physicochemical properties of IEPOX-derived SOA remains uncertain. Herein, we show distinct differences in the morphology, phase state, and chemical composition of individual organic-inorganic mixed particles after IEPOX uptake to ammonium sulfate particles with different initial atmospherically relevant acidities (pH = 1, 3, and 5). Physicochemical properties were characterized via atomic force microscopy coupled with photothermal infrared spectroscopy (AFM-PTIR) and Raman microspectroscopy. Compared to less acidic particles (pH 3 and 5), reactive uptake of IEPOX to the most acidic particles (pH 1) resulted in 50% more organosulfate formation, clearer phase separation (core-shell), and more irregularly shaped morphologies, suggesting that the organic phase transitioned to semisolid or solid. This study highlights that initial aerosol acidity may govern the subsequent aerosol physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and morphology, following the multiphase chemical reactions of IEPOX. These results can be used in future studies to improve model parameterizations of SOA formation from IEPOX and its properties, toward the goal of bridging predictions and atmospheric observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Isabel R Ledsky
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - N Cazimir Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Chen D, Yao X, Chan CK, Tian X, Chu Y, Clegg SL, Shen Y, Gao Y, Gao H. Competitive Uptake of Dimethylamine and Trimethylamine against Ammonia on Acidic Particles in Marine Atmospheres. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5430-5439. [PMID: 35435670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline gases such as NH3 and amines play important roles in neutralizing acidic particles in the atmosphere. Here, two common gaseous amines (dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA)), NH3, and their corresponding ions in PM2.5 were measured semicontinuously using an ambient ion monitor-ion chromatography (AIM-IC) system in marine air during a round-trip cruise of approximately 4000 km along the coastline of eastern China. The concentrations of particulate DMA, detected as DMAH+, varied from <4 to 100 ng m-3 and generally decreased with increasing atmospheric NH3 concentrations. Combining observations with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using the extended aerosol inorganics model (E-AIM) indicated that the competitive uptake of DMA against NH3 on acidic aerosols generally followed thermodynamic equilibria and appeared to be sensitive to DMA/NH3 molar ratios, resulting in molar ratios of DMAH+ to DMA + DMAH+ of 0.31 ± 0.16 (average ± standard deviation) at atmospheric NH3 concentrations over 1.8 μg m-3 (with a corresponding DMA/NH3 ratio of (1.8 ± 1.0) × 10-3), 0.80 ± 0.15 at atmospheric NH3 concentrations below 0.3 μg m-3 (with a corresponding DMA/NH3 ratio of (1.3 ± 0.6) × 10-2), and 0.56 ± 0.19 in the remaining cases. Particulate TMA concentrations, detected as TMAH+, ranged from <2 to 21 ng m-3 and decreased with increasing concentrations of atmospheric NH3. However, TMAH+ was depleted concurrently with the formation of NH4NO3 under low concentrations of atmospheric NH3, contradictory to the calculated increase in the equilibrated concentration of TMAH+ by the E-AIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (MoE), and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (MoE), and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chak Keung Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tian
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yangxi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Simon Leslie Clegg
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Yanjie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (MoE), and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (MoE), and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (MoE), and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric amines are ubiquitous compounds in the atmosphere, having both natural and anthropogenic origin. Recently, they have been identified as important contributors to new particle formation in the atmosphere, but observations of their atmospheric concentrations are scarce. In the present study we introduce the first systematic long-term observations of gas-phase amines measurements in the East Mediterranean atmosphere. Air samples were collected at the Finokalia monitoring station of the University of Crete during a 3.5-year period from January 2013 to July 2016, and analyzed after extraction using a high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The detected alkylamines were the sum of dimethylamine and ethylamine (DMA+EA), trimethylamine (TMA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA). DMA+EA and TMA were the most abundant alkylamines, with concentrations spanning from the detection limit to 78.0 and 69.8 pptv, and average concentrations of 7.8 ± 12.1 and 7.5 ± 12.4 pptv, respectively. Amines showed pronounced seasonal variability with DMA+EA and TMA concentrations being higher in winter. Statistical analysis of the observations showed different sources for each of the studied amines, except for DMA+ΕA and DEA that appear to have common sources in the region. This analysis points to a marine source of TMA and animal husbandry in the area as a potential source of TEA. None of the alkylamines is correlated with other anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, no clear association was found between the seasonality of NPF events and alkylamines concentrations, while a clear correlation was detected between the seasonality of nucleation mode particle (dp < 25 nm) number concentrations and alkylamine concentrations, indicating that amines may contribute to nucleation mode particles’ production.
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5
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Liu L, Fei T, Guan X, Zhao H, Zhang T. Highly sensitive and chemically stable NH 3 sensors based on an organic acid-sensitized cross-linked hydrogel for exhaled breath analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113459. [PMID: 34175649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to interference by the high moisture content and complicated compositions of human exhaled breath, the trace-level detection of ammonia (NH3) with desirable selectivity and stability is a large challenge for exhaled breath analysis. Carboxyl-sensitized hydrogels can be activated by moisture to exhibit a significant response and excellent selectivity to NH3. However, the high activity of carboxyl groups in hydrogels is a double-edged sword, resulting in poor chemical stability during NH3 detection. Herein, organic acids were embedded into a cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel via thiol-ene photochemistry to form stable hydrogels for NH3 detection in a humid atmosphere. As a result, under high humidity conditions (80% RH), the optimal sensors exhibited superior selectivity to NH3 among various interfering gas species, a remarkably high NH3 response (Za/Zg=6.20) towards 20 ppm NH3, and an extremely low actual detection limit (50 ppb) at room temperature. Moreover, the sensors exhibited excellent chemical stability due to the moderate equilibrium water content of the hydrogel composites and acid dissociation constant of the acid groups. The moisture-activated NH3 sensing mechanism was thoroughly investigated by complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To explore the application prospects of cross-linked hydrogel sensors for detecting NH3 in exhaled breath, a simulated exhaled breath test was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
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6
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Cheng C, Chan CK, Lee BP, Gen M, Li M, Yang S, Hao F, Wu C, Cheng P, Wu D, Li L, Huang Z, Gao W, Fu Z, Zhou Z. Single particle diversity and mixing state of carbonaceous aerosols in Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142182. [PMID: 33254891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many field studies have investigated the formation mechanisms of organic aerosol (OA) based on bulk analysis, yet the source and formation process of individual organic particles may be quite different due to the diversity of chemical composition and mixing state in single particles. Here we present the observation results of chemical composition and mixing state of carbonaceous single particles at an urban site in Guangzhou. The carbonaceous particles accounted for 74.6% of the total detected single particles, and were grouped into four types including elemental carbon-aged (EC-aged), elemental and organic carbon (ECOC), organic carbon-rich (OC-rich) and secondary ions-rich (SEC) particles. The formation of EC-aged particles was closely associated with the absorption of organics onto fresh EC particles from primary sources, and the further enrichment of organics in EC-aged particles resulted in the production of ECOC particles. In the daytime OC-rich and SEC particles were mainly produced from the photochemical reactions, while in the nighttime their sharp increases were found along with the enrichment of nitrate and organic nitrogen fragments, suggesting the heterogeneous formation of nitrate and organic nitrogen in OC-rich and SEC particles. The production rates of carbonaceous particles were also investigated in an episodic event, and the EC-aged particles showed the highest production rate compared to the other carbonaceous particles both in the daytime and nighttime, suggesting a significant role of EC in the formation and aging process of carbonaceous particles. The results from this work have revealed different formation processes and production rates of carbonaceous particles due to their diversity in mixing state, providing further insights into the formation mechanisms of OA in field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Berto Paul Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masao Gen
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Suxia Yang
- Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Hao
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dui Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengxu Huang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
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7
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Chen X, Chu Y, Lee AKY, Gen M, Kasthuriarachchi NY, Chan CK, Li YJ. Relative Humidity History Affects Hygroscopicity of Mixed Particles of Glyoxal and Reduced Nitrogenous Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7097-7106. [PMID: 32428397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relative humidity (RH) history that manifests the cycling of dehydration (water evaporation) and hydration (water uptake) may affect particle-phase reactions, products from which have strong influences on the physical properties and thus climatic effects of atmospheric particles. Using single-trapped particles, we show herein hygroscopic growths of mixed particles with reactive species undergoing three types of RH cycles, simulating different degrees of particle-phase reactions in the atmosphere. The reactive species are the widely known α-dicarbonyl glyoxal (GLY), and five reduced nitrogenous species, ammonium sulfate (AS), glycine (GC), l-alanine (AL), dimethylamine (DMA), and diethylamine (DEA). The results showed that the mixed particles after reactions generally had altered efflorescence relative humidity (ERH) and deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) values and reduced hygroscopic growths at moderately high RH (>80%) conditions. For example, with an additional slow drying step, the mean mass growth factors at 90% RH during dehydration dropped from 2.56 to 2.02 for GC/GLY mixed particles and from 2.45 to 1.23 for AL/GLY mixed particles. The reduced hygroscopicity with more RH cycling will thus lead to less efficient light scattering of the mixed particles, thereby resulting in less cooling and exacerbating direct heating due to light absorption by the products formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxi Chu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex K Y Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masao Gen
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
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8
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Chee S, Myllys N, Barsanti KC, Wong BM, Smith JN. An Experimental and Modeling Study of Nanoparticle Formation and Growth from Dimethylamine and Nitric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5640-5648. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | | | | | - James N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
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9
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Vander Wall AC, Lakey PSJ, Rossich Molina E, Perraud V, Wingen LM, Xu J, Soulsby D, Gerber RB, Shiraiwa M, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Understanding interactions of organic nitrates with the surface and bulk of organic films: implications for particle growth in the atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1593-1610. [PMID: 30382275 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding impacts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in air requires a molecular-level understanding of particle growth via interactions between gases and particle surfaces. The interactions of three gaseous organic nitrates with selected organic substrates were measured at 296 K using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The organic substrates included a long chain alkane (triacontane, TC), a keto-acid (pinonic acid, PA), an amorphous ester oligomer (poly(ethylene adipate) di-hydroxy terminated, PEA), and laboratory-generated SOA from α-pinene ozonolysis. There was no uptake of the organic nitrates on the non-polar TC substrate, but significant uptake occurred on PEA, PA, and α-pinene SOA. Net uptake coefficients (γ) at the shortest reaction times accessible in these experiments ranged from 3 × 10-4 to 9 × 10-6 and partition coefficients (K) from 1 × 107 to 9 × 104. Trends in γ did not quantitatively follow trends in K, suggesting that the intermolecular forces involved in gas-surface interactions are not the same as those in the bulk, which is supported by theoretical calculations. Kinetic modeling showed that nitrates diffused throughout the organic films over several minutes, and that the bulk diffusion coefficients evolved as uptake/desorption occurred. A plasticizing effect occurred upon incorporation of the organic nitrates, whereas desorption caused decreases in diffusion coefficients in the upper layers, suggesting a crusting effect. Accurate predictions of particle growth in the atmosphere will require knowledge of uptake coefficients, which are likely to be several orders of magnitude less than one, and of the intermolecular interactions of gases with particle surfaces as well as with the particle bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Vander Wall
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Fan X, Dawson J, Chen M, Qiu C, Khalizov A. Thermal Stability of Particle-Phase Monoethanolamine Salts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2409-2417. [PMID: 29368508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of monoethanolamine (MEA, 2-hydroxyethanamine) for scrubbing of carbon dioxide from combustion flue gases may become the dominant technology for carbon capture in the near future. The widespread implementation of this technology will result in elevated emissions of MEA to the environment that may increase the loading and modify the properties of atmospheric aerosols. We have utilized experimental measurements together with aerosol microphysics calculations to derive thermodynamic properties of several MEA salts, potentially the dominant forms of MEA in atmospheric particles. The stability of the salts was found to depend strongly on the chemical nature of the acid counterpart. The saturation vapor pressures and vaporization enthalpies obtained in this study can be used to evaluate the role of MEA in the aerosol and haze formation, helping to assess impacts of the MEA-based carbon capture technology on air quality and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing, 210044, China
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Joseph Dawson
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Hygiene, University of North Alabama , Florence, Alabama 35632, United States
| | - Mindong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Chong Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven , New Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Alexei Khalizov
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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11
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Schwarz J, Makeš O, Ondráček J, Cusack M, Talbot N, Vodička P, Kubelová L, Ždímal V. Single Usage of a Kitchen Degreaser Can Alter Indoor Aerosol Composition for Days. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5907-5912. [PMID: 28447452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first observation of multiday persistence of an indoor aerosol transformation linked to a kitchen degreaser containing monoethanol amine (MEA). MEA remaining on the cleaned surfaces and on a wiping paper towel in a trash can was able to transform ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate into (MEA)2SO4 and (MEA)NO3. This influence persisted for at least 60 h despite a high average ventilation rate. The influence was observed using both offline (filters, impactors, and ion chromatography analysis) and online (compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer) techniques. Substitution of ammonia in ammonium salts was observed not only in aerosol but also in particles deposited on a filter before the release of MEA. The similar influence of other amines is expected based on literature data. This influence represents a new pathway for MEA exposure of people in an indoor environment. The stabilizing effect on indoor nitrate also causes higher indoor exposure to fine nitrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague CZ-165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Makeš
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague CZ-165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague CZ-165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Cusack
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague CZ-165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Nicholas Talbot
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague CZ-165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodička
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague CZ-165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kubelová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague CZ-165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Ždímal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague CZ-165 02, Czech Republic
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12
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Fu Y, Kuppe C, Valev VK, Fu H, Zhang L, Chen J. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Facile and Rapid Method for the Chemical Component Study of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6260-6267. [PMID: 28498657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for detecting chemical components of individual aerosol particles on Klarite substrate with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is described. For both single simulated aerosol particles and ambient atmospheric particles, this new analytical method promotes the enhancement factor of the Raman signal. The spectra of ammonium sulfate and naphthalene particles at the microscopic level are enhanced by a factor of 6 and therefore greatly improve the detection of the chemical composition of an individual aerosol particle. When aerosol particles are found over a microscopic domain, a set of Raman spectra with chemical information can be obtained via SERS mapping. The maps illustrate the distribution of organic or inorganic species on the SERS substrate. This constitutes a facile and rapid method to study aerosol particles. This new method allows the analysis of chemical composition in single aerosol particles, demonstrating the power of SERS to probe the ambient atmospheric particles and to study the formation of aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Kuppe
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ventsislav K Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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13
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Li C, Chen J, Xie HB, Zhao Y, Xia D, Xu T, Li X, Qiao X. Effects of Atmospheric Water on ·OH-initiated Oxidation of Organophosphate Flame Retardants: A DFT Investigation on TCPP. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5043-5051. [PMID: 28368609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), a widely used organophosphate flame retardant, has been recognized as an important atmospheric pollutant. It is notable that TCPP has potential for long-range atmospheric transport. However, its atmospheric fate is unknown, restricting its environmental risk assessment. Herein we performed quantum chemical calculations to investigate the atmospheric transformation mechanisms and kinetics of TCPP initiated by ·OH in the presence of O2/NO/NO2, and the effects of ubiquitous water on these reactions. Results show the H-abstraction pathways are the most favorable for the titled reaction. The calculated gaseous rate constant and lifetime at 298 K are 1.7 × 10-10 cm3molecule-1 s-1 and 1.7 h, respectively. However, when considering atmospheric water, the corresponding lifetime is about 0.5-20.2 days. This study reveals for the first time that water has a negative role in the ·OH-initiated degradation of TCPP by modifying the stabilities of prereactive complexes and transition states via forming hydrogen bonds, which unveils one underlying mechanism for the observed persistence of TCPP in the atmosphere. Water also influences secondary reaction pathways of selected TCPP radicals formed from the primary H-abstraction. These results demonstrate the importance of water in the evaluation of the atmospheric fate of newly synthesized chemicals and emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130117, China
| | - Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
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Chu Y, Chan CK. Reactive Uptake of Dimethylamine by Ammonium Sulfate and Ammonium Sulfate–Sucrose Mixed Particles. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:206-215. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chak K. Chan
- School of Energy and
Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Peng C, Jing B, Guo YC, Zhang YH, Ge MF. Hygroscopic Behavior of Multicomponent Aerosols Involving NaCl and Dicarboxylic Acids. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1029-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- The
Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu-Cong Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- The
Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mao-Fa Ge
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Youn JS, Crosbie E, Maudlin L, Wang Z, Sorooshian A. Dimethylamine as a major alkyl amine species in particles and cloud water: Observations in semi-arid and coastal regions. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2015; 122:250-258. [PMID: 26807039 PMCID: PMC4719122 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol and cloud water measurements of dimethylamine (DMA), the most abundant amine in this study, were conducted in semi-arid (Tucson, Arizona) and marine (Nucleation in California Experiment, NiCE; central coast of California) areas. In both regions, DMA exhibits a unimodal aerosol mass size distribution with a dominant peak between 0.18 and 0.56 μm. Particulate DMA concentrations increase as a function of marine biogenic emissions, sulfate, BVOC emissions, and aerosol-phase water. Such data supports biogenic sources of DMA, aminium salt formation, and partitioning of DMA to condensed phases. DMA concentrations exhibit positive correlations with various trace elements and most especially vanadium, which warrants additional investigation. Cloud water DMA levels are enhanced significantly during wildfire periods unlike particulate DMA levels, including in droplet residual particles, due to effective dissolution of DMA into cloud water and probably DMA volatilization after drop evaporation. DMA:NH+4 molar ratios peak between 0.18 and 1.0 μm depending on the site and time of year, suggesting that DMA competes better with NH3 in those sizes in terms of reactive uptake by particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-S. Youn
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E. Crosbie
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - L.C. Maudlin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Z. Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A. Sorooshian
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Corresponding author. PO Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. (A. Sorooshian)
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17
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Chu Y, Sauerwein M, Chan CK. Hygroscopic and phase transition properties of alkyl aminium sulfates at low relative humidities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19789-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical composition changes and phase transition during hygroscopic measurements of the studied alkyl aminium sulfate salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi Chu
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Meike Sauerwein
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Chak K. Chan
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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