1
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Chakraborty S, Foppen JW, Schijven JF. Effect of concentration of silica encapsulated ds-DNA colloidal microparticles on their transport through saturated porous media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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2
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Hou Y, Luo C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Qiu Y. Nanoplastics dominate the cotransport of small-scale plastics in seawater-saturated porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118773. [PMID: 35759847 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transport of microplastics (MP) or nanoplastics (NP) in porous media has been widely reported. However, their mutual interaction and effect on cotransport remain unclear. Here, we investigated the colloidal interaction between NP (50 nm), submicroplastics (SP, 300 nm), and MP (1000 nm) in seawater and their cotransport in saturated natural sea sands. In the single-component suspension, the recovered mass percentage (Meff) of colloids was as follows: MP (47.81%) > NP (24.18%) > SP (21.66%). SP and MP remained monodispersed. MP had the highest mobility due to the strongest electrostatic repulsion with sand surface, whereas NP formed homoaggregates and was characterized by ripening phenomena. In the SP-MP mixture, SP and MP kept independent mobility without mutual effect. In the NP-SP-MP mixture, the Meff of MP was reduced by 10% because unstable NP induced MP to form heteroaggregates with SP, which could not pass through the pores. In addition, NP attached to the sand surface could form additional retention sites to retain MP. By contrast, SP showed a 13% increase in Meff because MP became an indirect carrier of SP through the bridging of NP. Overall, this study demonstrates the dominant role of unstable NP in the cotransport of NP-SP-MP in the marine sedimentary environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhang Hou
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Changjian Luo
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yange Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yijin Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yuping Qiu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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3
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Liu G, Li H, Liu Y, Jin R, Zhou J, Ren Z, Wang Z, Yan C. Extracellular electron transfer influences the transport and retention of ferrihydrite nanoparticles in quartz sand coated with Shewanella oneidensis biofilm. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126023. [PMID: 33992002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilm has been found to impact the mobility of nanoparticles in saturated porous media by altering physicochemical properties of collector surface. However, little is known about the influence of biofilm's biological activity on nanoparticle transport and retention. Here, the transport of ferrihydrite nanoparticles (FhNPs) was studied in quartz sands coated with biofilm of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 that is capable of reducing Fe(III) through extracellular electron transfer (EET). It was found that MR-1 biofilm coating enhanced FhNPs' deposition under different pH/ionic strength conditions and humic acid concentrations. More importantly, when the influent electron donor (glucose) concentration was increased to promote biofilm's EET activity, the breakthrough of FhNPs in biofilm-coated sands was inhibited. A lack of continuous and stable supply of electron donor, on the contrary, led to remobilization and release of the originally retained FhNPs. Column experiments with biofilm of EET-deficient MR-1 mutants (ΔomcA/ΔmtrC and ΔcymA) further indicated that the impairment of EET activity decreased the retention of FhNPs. It is proposed that the effective surface binding and adhesion of FhNPs that is required by direct EET cannot be neglected when evaluating the transport of FhNPs in sands coated with electroactive biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110000, China.
| | - Hanyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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4
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Liu L, Liu G, Zhou J, Jin R. Energy Taxis toward Redox-Active Surfaces Decreases the Transport of Electroactive Bacteria in Saturated Porous Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5559-5568. [PMID: 33728915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fate and transport of bacteria in porous media are essential for bioremediation and water quality control. However, the influence of biological activities like extracellular electron transfer (EET) and swimming motility toward granular media on cell transport remains unknown. Here, electroactive bacteria with higher Fe(III) reduction abilities were found to demonstrate greater retention in ferrihydrite-coated sand. Increasing the concentrations of the electron donor (1-10 mM lactate), shuttle (0-50 μM anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate), and acceptor (ferrihydrite, MnO2, or biochar) under flow conditions significantly reduced Shewanella oneidensis MR-1's mobility through redox-active porous media. The deficiency of EET ability or flagellar motion and inhibition of intracellular proton motive force, all of which are essential for energy taxis, enhanced MR-1's transport. It was proposed that EET could facilitate MR-1 to sense, tactically move toward, and attach on redox-active media surface, eventually improving its retention. Positive linear correlations were established among parameters describing MR-1's energy taxis ability (relative taxis index), cell transport behavior (dispersion coefficient and relative change of effluent percentage), and redox activity of media surface (reduction potential or electron-accepting rate), providing novel insights into the critical impacts of bacterial microscale motility on macroscale cell transport through porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lecheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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5
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Georgopoulou MP, Syngouna VI, Chrysikopoulos CV. Influence of graphene oxide nanoparticles on the transport and cotransport of biocolloids in saturated porous media. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Tong M, Li T, Li M, He L, Ma Z. Cotransport and deposition of biochar with different sized-plastic particles in saturated porous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136387. [PMID: 31954247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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7
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He L, Wu D, Tong M. The influence of different charged poly (amido amine) dendrimer on the transport and deposition of bacteria in porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:364-371. [PMID: 31220762 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of dendrimer on the bacterial transport and deposition behaviors in saturated porous media (quartz sand) was investigated in both NaCl (10 and 25 mM) and CaCl2 solutions (1.2 and 5 mM). 3.5G and 4G poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer was employed as negatively and positively charged dendrimer, respectively. Three dendrimer concentrations (10 μg/L, 1 and 10 mg/L) were considered in present study. We found that regardless of the solution chemistry (ionic strength and ion types) and dendrimer concentrations, the presence of negatively charged PAMAM 3.5G in suspensions enhanced bacterial transport and inhibited their deposition in quartz sand; while the presence of positive charged PAMAM 4G yet induced the opposite effects (decreased bacterial transport and increased their deposition in quartz sand). The increased repulsive force between cell and quartz sand due to the adsorption of PAMAM 3.5G onto both cell and sand surfaces, the competition deposition sites as well as the steric repulsion via the suspended PAMAM 3.5G drove to the increased bacterial transport with PAMAM 3.5G copresent in suspensions in quartz sand. While the reduced repulsive force between cell and quartz sand induced by the chemical heterogeneity on both cell and sand surfaces (due to the adsorption of positive charged PAMAM 4G) increased bacterial retention in quartz sand with copresence of PAMAM 4G (10 μg/L and 1 mg/L) in suspensions. Steric repulsion due to the presence of great amount of suspended PAMAM 4G yet lead to the enhanced bacterial transport with furthering increasing PAMAM 4G to 10 mg/L relative to the lower PAMAM 4G concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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8
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Sahu JN, Karri RR, Zabed HM, Shams S, Qi X. Current Perspectives and Future Prospects of Nano-Biotechnology in Wastewater Treatment. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1630430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. N. Sahu
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- , South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hossain M. Zabed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahriar Shams
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei, Darussalam
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Liu L, Liu G, Zhou J, Wang J, Jin R. Cotransport of biochar and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in saturated porous media: Impacts of electrostatic interaction, extracellular electron transfer and microbial taxis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:95-104. [PMID: 30572219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar widely applied to soil can influence microbial community composition and participate in extracellular electron transfer (EET). However, little is known about the cotransport behaviors of bacteria and biochar in aquifer and soil-water environments, which can affect the fate and application performance of biochar. In this study, we found that in comparison to their individual transport behaviors, the mobilities of cotransporting Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and biochar colloid (BC) were significantly inhibited. The decreasing colloidal mobilities at higher ionic strengths signified the importance of electrostatic interaction between cell and BC in cotransport. Moreover, the less suppressed cotransport of BC and mutants defective of EET and the elevated inhibition effects on cotransport by adding exogenous electron donor suggested the importance of EET. Difference in cotransport behavior was also observed with BC having different redox states. Compared with oxidized BC, reduced BC with higher hydrophobicity led to easier aggregation with cell and higher retention in column. More importantly, MR-1 exhibited EET-dependent taxis towards biochar, which also contributed to the enhanced heteroaggregation and decreased mobilities of cell and biochar. Our results highlight that metabolic activities of microbes towards abiotic colloids cannot be neglected when assessing their transport behaviors, especially in subsurface environments abounded with redox-active inorganic particles and microbes performing extracellular respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lecheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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10
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He L, Wu D, Rong H, Li M, Tong M, Kim H. Influence of Nano- and Microplastic Particles on the Transport and Deposition Behaviors of Bacteria in Quartz Sand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11555-11563. [PMID: 30204419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles are widely present in the natural environment and are highly likely to interact with bacteria (the ubiquitous microbes in the natural environment), which might affect the transport and deposition of bacteria in porous media. In this study, the significance of plastic particles from nanoscale to micrometer-scale (0.02-2 μm) on the transport and deposition behaviors of bacteria ( Escherichia coli) in quartz sand was examined under environmentally relevant conditions in both NaCl and CaCl2 solutions at pH 6. The results showed that the presence of different-sized plastic particles did not affect bacterial transport behaviors at low ionic strength (10 mM NaCl and 1 mM CaCl2), whereas, at high ionic strength conditions (50 mM NaCl and 5 mM in CaCl2), plastic particles increased bacterial transport in quartz sand. At low ionic strength conditions, the mobility of both plastic particles and bacteria was high, which might drive the negligible effects of plastic particles on bacterial transport behaviors. The mechanisms driving the enhanced cell transport at high ionic strength were different for different-sized plastic particles. Specifically, for 0.02 μm nanoplastic particles, the adsorption of plastic particles onto cell surfaces and the repel effect induced by suspended plastic particles contributed to the increased cell transport. As for 0.2 μm microplastics (MPs), the suspended plastic particles induced repel effect contributed to the increased cell transport, whereas, for 2 μm MPs, the competition deposition sites by the plastic particles were the contributor to the increased cell transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Rong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering , Chonbuk National University , Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si , Jeollabuk-do 561-756 , Republic of Korea
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11
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Wu D, He L, Ge Z, Tong M, Kim H. Different electrically charged proteins result in diverse bacterial transport behaviors in porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:425-435. [PMID: 29986251 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of proteins on bacterial transport and deposition behaviors in quartz sand was examined in both NaCl (10 and 25 mM) and CaCl2 solutions (1.2 and 5 mM). Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and bovine trypsin were used to represent negatively and positively charged proteins in natural aquatic systems, respectively. The presence of negatively charged BSA in suspensions increased the transport and decreased bacterial deposition in quartz sand, regardless of the ionic strength and ion types. Whereas, positively charged trypsin inhibited the transport and enhanced bacterial deposition under all experimental conditions. The potential mechanisms controlling the changes of bacterial transport behaviors varied for different charged proteins. The steric repulsion resulting from BSA adsorption onto both bacteria and quartz sand was found to play a dominant role in the transport and deposition of bacteria in porous media with BSA copresent in suspension. BSA adsorption onto bacterial surfaces and competition for deposition sites onto sand surfaces (adsorption of quartz sand surfaces) contributed to the increased cell transport with BSA in suspension. In contrast, the attractive patch-charged interaction induced by the adsorption of trypsin onto both bacteria and quartz sand had great contribution to the decreased bacterial transport in porous media with trypsin copresent in suspension. The increase in bacteria size, and the adsorption of trypsin onto cell surfaces (resulting in less negative cell surface charge) and quartz sand surfaces (providing extra deposition sites) were found to be the main contributors to the decreased transport and increased deposition of bacteria in quartz sand with trypsin in suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Lei He
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Zhi Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
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12
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Dong X, Al Awak M, Wang P, Sun YP, Yang L. Carbon Dot Incorporated Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Coated Filters for Bacterial Removal and Inactivation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8292-8301. [PMID: 30220997 PMCID: PMC6135262 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00333e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filters incorporated with carbon quantum dots (CDots) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were produced for bacteria removal from aqueous solutions and also for inactivating the captured bacteria. TMTP Millipore membranes were used as the base of these filters. The results showed that filters with higher MWCNT loading had higher bacterial removal efficiencies. Filters with a MWCNT loading of 4.5 mg were highly effective at removing bacteria from aqueous solution, resulting in a log reduction of 6.41, 6.41, and 5.41 of E. coli cell numbers in filtrates compared to MWCNT filters without coating, MWCNTs filters with 0.15 mg CDot coating, and MWCNTs filters with 0.15 mg SWCNT coating, respectively. Ionic strength played an important role in bacteria removal. A higher NaCl concentration resulted in higher bacteria removal efficiencies of the filters. Both CDot coatings and SWCNT coatings did not significantly affect the MWCNT filter effects (P > 0.05). The coatings, especially CDot coatings, significantly inhibited the activities of bacteria retained on the filter surfaces (P < 0.05). The inhibitory rates were 94.21% or 73.17% on the MWCNT filter surfaces coated with 0.2 mg CDots or SWCNTs, respectively. These results demonstrated that MWCNT filters with CDot coatings were highly effective to remove bacteria from water and to inhibit the activities of the captured bacteria on filter surfaces. E. coli cells captured and inactivated on a MWCNTs–CDots modified filter.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707
| | - Mohamad Al Awak
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Liju Yang
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707
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Wu Q, Wei G, Xu Z, Han J, Xi J, Fan L, Gao L. Mechanistic Insight into the Light-Irradiated Carbon Capsules as an Antibacterial Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25026-25036. [PMID: 29989399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria are a growing global challenge for public health as bacteria develop resistance, which will cause the failure of anti-infective treatment eventually. An effective alternative strategy to traditional antibacterial therapy is utilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill bacteria. Here, we report a simple route to prepare PEGylated nitrogen-doped carbon capsules (PEG-N-CCs) as an antibacterial agent. The PEG-N-CCs can translate near-infrared light (NIR) into heat and produce a high concentration of ROS triggered by NIR irradiation. Both heating and ROS are critical to destroy the outer membranes and rupture cell bodies, causing DNA fragmentation and glutathione oxidation both in Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and their multidrug-resistant strains. Moreover, PEG-N-CCs plus NIR irradiation can efficiently scavenge the existing biofilms and prevent the formation of new biofilms, killing planktonic bacteria as well as those within the biofilm. Our studies prove that the PEG-N-CCs plus NIR irradiation can provide a simple and effective platform for combating bacteria, employing carbon nanomaterials as an antibacterial alternative for treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhuobin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Juqun Xi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Yangzhou 225001 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Lei Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , Jiangsu , China
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14
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Mocan T, Matea CT, Pop T, Mosteanu O, Buzoianu AD, Suciu S, Puia C, Zdrehus C, Iancu C, Mocan L. Carbon nanotubes as anti-bacterial agents. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3467-3479. [PMID: 28536787 PMCID: PMC11107489 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections that have evolved via natural selection have increased alarmingly at a global level. Thus, there is a strong need for the development of novel antibiotics for the treatment of these infections. Functionalized carbon nanotubes through their unique properties hold great promise in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. This new family of nanovectors for therapeutic delivery proved to be innovative and efficient for the transport and cellular translocation of therapeutic molecules. The current review examines the latest progress in the antibacterial activity of carbon nanotubes and their composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Mocan
- Department of Nanomedicine, "Octavian Fodor" Gastroenterology Institute, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian T Matea
- Department of Nanomedicine, "Octavian Fodor" Gastroenterology Institute, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Pop
- 3rd Gastroenterology Department, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ofelia Mosteanu
- 3rd Gastroenterology Department, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Soimita Suciu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cosmin Puia
- Department of Nanomedicine, "Octavian Fodor" Gastroenterology Institute, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Surgery Clinic, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Zdrehus
- Department of Nanomedicine, "Octavian Fodor" Gastroenterology Institute, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Surgery Clinic, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Iancu
- Department of Nanomedicine, "Octavian Fodor" Gastroenterology Institute, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- 3rd Surgery Clinic, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lucian Mocan
- Department of Nanomedicine, "Octavian Fodor" Gastroenterology Institute, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- 3rd Surgery Clinic, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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15
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Wu D, He L, Sun R, Tong M, Kim H. Influence of Bisphenol A on the transport and deposition behaviors of bacteria in quartz sand. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 121:1-10. [PMID: 28505529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) on the transport and deposition behaviors of bacteria in quartz sand was examined in both NaCl (10 and 25 mM) and CaCl2 solutions (1.2 and 5 mM) by comparing the breakthrough curves and retained profiles of cell with BPA in suspensions versus those without BPA. Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis were employed as model cells in the present study. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek interaction energy calculation revealed that the presence of BPA in cell suspensions led to a lower repulsive interaction between the cells and the quartz sand. This suggests that, theoretically, increased cell deposition on quartz sand would be expected in the presence of BPA. However, under all examined solution conditions, the presence of BPA in cell suspensions increased transport and decreased deposition of bacteria in porous media regardless of cell type, ionic strength, ion valence, the presence or absence of extracellular polymeric substances. We found that competition by BPA through hydrophobicity for deposition sites on the quartz sand surfaces was the sole contributor to the enhanced transport and decreased deposition of bacteria in the presence of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Lei He
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Ruonan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
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16
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Peng S, Wu D, Ge Z, Tong M, Kim H. Influence of graphene oxide on the transport and deposition behaviors of colloids in saturated porous media. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:141-149. [PMID: 28365511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the transport and deposition behaviors of colloids with different sizes in packed quartz sand were investigated in both NaCl (10 and 50 mM) and CaCl2 solutions (1 and 5 mM) at pH 6. Fluorescent carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex microspheres (CMLs) with size ranging from 0.2 to 2 μm were utilized as model colloids. Both breakthrough curves and retained profiles of colloids in the presence and absence of GO in suspensions under all examined solution conditions were analyzed. The breakthrough curves of all three different-sized CMLs with GO were higher yet the retained profiles were lower than those without GO at both examined ionic strengths in NaCl solutions. The observation showed that GO increased the transport and decreased the deposition of all three different-sized CMLs in NaCl solutions. However, in CaCl2 solutions, opposite observation was achieved at two different ionic strength conditions. Specifically, the presence of GO increased the transport and decreased the deposition of all three different-sized CMLs in 1 mM CaCl2 solutions, whereas, it decreased the transport and increased the deposition of all three different-sized CMLs in 5 mM CaCl2 solutions. Comparison the breakthrough curves and retained profiles of CMLs versus those of GO yielded that the overall transport and deposition behaviors of all three different-sized CMLs with GO copresent in suspensions agreed well with the transport and deposition behaviors of GO under all examined conditions. The transport and deposition behaviors of CMLs in packed porous media clearly were controlled by those of GO under the conditions investigated in present study due to the adsorption of CMLs onto GO surfaces. Our study showed that once released into natural environment, GO would adsorb (interact with) different types of colloids and thus have significant influence on the fate and transport of colloids in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Peng
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Zhi Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Afrooz ARMN, Das D, Murphy CJ, Vikesland P, Saleh NB. Co-transport of gold nanospheres with single-walled carbon nanotubes in saturated porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 99:7-15. [PMID: 27130967 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Porous media transport of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is typically assessed in a controlled single-particulate environment. Presence of a secondary particle (either natural or engineered) in the natural environment though likely, is rarely taken into consideration in assessing ENMs' transport behavior. This study systematically assesses the effect of a secondary ENM (i.e., pluronic acid modified single-walled carbon nanotubes, PA-SWNTs) on a primary particle (i.e., gold nanospheres, AuNSs) transport through saturated porous media under a wide range of aquatic conditions (1-100 mM NaCl). AuNS hetero-dispersions (i.e., with PA-SWNTs) are transported through saturated sand columns, and the transport behavior is compared to AuNS-only homo-dispersion cases, which display classical ionic strength-dependent behavior. AuNS hetero-dispersion, however, is highly mobile with little to no ionic strength-dependent effects. This study also assesses the role of pre-coating of the collectors with PA-SWNTs on AuNSs' mobility, thereby elucidating the role played by the order of introduction of the secondary particles. Pre-existence of the secondary particles in the porous media shows enhanced filtration of primary AuNSs. However, the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) slightly increases AuNS mobility through PA-SWNT coated sand at 10 mM ionic strength. The study results demonstrate that the presence and order of addition of the secondary particles strongly influence primary particles' mobility. Thus ENMs can demonstrate facilitated transport or enhanced removal, depending on the presence of the secondary particulate matter and background solution chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M Nabiul Afrooz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Dipesh Das
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Peter Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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18
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Han P, Zhou D, Tong M, Kim H. Effect of bacteria on the transport and deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in saturated porous media. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:895-903. [PMID: 27038577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of bacteria on the transport and deposition behaviors of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in quartz sand was examined in both NaCl (5 and 25 mM ionic strength) and CaCl2 (0.3 and 1.2 mM ionic strength) solutions at unadjusted pH (5.6-5.8) by direct comparison of both breakthrough curves and retained profiles in both the presence and absence of bacteria. Two types of widely utilized CNTs, i.e., carboxyl- and hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-OH, respectively), were employed as model CNTs and Escherichia coli was utilized as the model bacterium. The results showed that, for both types of MWCNTs under all examined conditions, the breakthrough curves were higher in the presence of bacteria, while the retained profiles were lower, indicating that the co-presence of bacteria in suspension increased the transport and decreased the deposition of MWCNTs in porous media, regardless of ionic strength or ion valence. Complementary characterizations and extra column tests demonstrated that competition by bacteria for deposition sites on the quartz sand surfaces was a major (and possibly the sole) contributor to the enhanced MWCNTs transport in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meiping Tong
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Yang H, Ge Z, Wu D, Tong M, Ni J. Cotransport of bacteria with hematite in porous media: Effects of ion valence and humic acid. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:586-594. [PMID: 26558710 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of multiple colloids (hematite and humic acid) on the transport and deposition of bacteria (Escherichia coli) in packed porous media in both NaCl (5 mM) and CaCl2 (1 mM) solutions at pH 6. Due to the alteration of cell physicochemical properties, the presence of hematite and humic acid in cell suspensions significantly affected bacterial transport and deposition in quartz sand. Specifically, the presence of hematite (5 mg/L) decreased cell transport (increased cell deposition) in quartz sand in both NaCl and CaCl2 solutions, which could be attributed to the less negative overall zeta potentials of bacteria induced by the adsorption of positively charged hematite onto cell surfaces. The presence of a low concentration (0.1 mg/L) of humic acid in bacteria and hematite mixed suspensions reduced the adsorption of hematite onto cell surfaces, leading to increased cell transport in quartz sand in NaCl solutions, whereas, in CaCl2 solutions, the presence of 0.1 mg/L humic acid increased the formation of hematite-cell aggregates and thus decreased cell transport in quartz sand. When the concentration of humic acid was increased to 1 mg/L, enhanced cell transport was observed in both NaCl and CaCl2 solutions. The decreased adsorption of hematite onto cell surfaces as well as the competition of deposition sites on quartz sand with bacteria by the suspended humic acid contributed to the increased cell transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhi Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Jinren Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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20
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The impact of cellulose nanocrystals on the aggregation and initial adhesion to a solid surface of Escherichia coli K12: Role of solution chemistry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:570-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Ngwenya BT, Curry P, Kapetas L. Transport and viability of Escherichia coli cells in clean and iron oxide coated sand following coating with silver nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 179:35-46. [PMID: 26042624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of processes controlling the transport and viability of bacteria in porous media is critical for designing in situ bioremediation and microbiological water decontamination programs. We investigated the combined influence of coating sand with iron oxide and silver nanoparticles on the transport and viability of Escherichia coli cells under saturated conditions. Results showed that iron oxide coatings increase cell deposition which was generally reversed by silver nanoparticle coatings in the early stages of injection. These observations are consistent with short-term, particle surface charge controls on bacteria transport, where a negatively charged surface induced by silver nanoparticles reverses the positive charge due to iron oxide coatings, but columns eventually recovered irreversible cell deposition. Silver nanoparticle coatings significantly increased cell inactivation during transit through the columns. However, when viability data is normalised to volume throughput, only a small improvement in cell inactivation is observed for silver nanoparticle coated sands relative to iron oxide coating alone. This counterintuitive result underscores the importance of net surface charge in controlling cell transport and inactivation and implies that the extra cost for implementing silver nanoparticle coatings on porous beds coated with iron oxides may not be justified in designing point of use water filters in low income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryne T Ngwenya
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, John Murray Building, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip Curry
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, John Murray Building, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Kapetas
- Amphos21 Consulting S.A.C., Av. del Parque Sur 661, Lima, Peru
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