1
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Sun C, Xu B, Zeng Y. Pressure and temperature dependent kinetics and the reaction mechanism of Criegee intermediates with vinyl alcohol: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9524-9533. [PMID: 38451236 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Criegee intermediates (CIs), the key intermediates in the ozonolysis of olefins in atmosphere, have received much attention due to their high activity. The reaction mechanism of the most simple Criegee intermediate CH2OO with vinyl alcohol (VA) was investigated by using the HL//M06-2X/def2TZVP method. The temperature and pressure dependent rate constant and product branching ratio were calculated using the master equation method. For CH2OO + syn-VA, 1,4-insertion is the main reaction channel while for the CH2OO + anti-VA, cycloaddition and 1,2-insertion into the O-H bond are more favorable than the 1,4-insertion reaction. The 1,4-insertion or cycloaddition intermediates are stabilized collisionally at 300 K and 760 torr, and the dissociation products involving OH are formed at higher temperature and lower pressure. The rate constants of the CH2OO reaction with syn-VA and anti-VA both show negative temperature effects, and they are 2.95 × 10-11 and 2.07 × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 300 K, respectively, and the former is agreement with the prediction in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Sun
- Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Technology Innovation Center of HeBei for Heterocyclic Compound, College of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P. R. China
| | - Baoen Xu
- Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Technology Innovation Center of HeBei for Heterocyclic Compound, College of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China.
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2
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Lockhart JPA, Bodipati B, Rizvi S. Investigating the Association Reactions of HOCH 2CO and HOCHCHO with O 2: A Quantum Computational and Master Equation Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4302-4316. [PMID: 37146175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolaldehyde, HOCH2CHO, is an important multifunctional atmospheric trace gas formed in the oxidation of ethylene and isoprene and emitted directly from burning biomass. The initial step in the atmospheric photooxidation of HOCH2CHO yields HOCH2CO and HOCHCHO radicals; both of these radicals react rapidly with O2 in the troposphere. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the HOCH2CO + O2 and HOCHCHO + O2 reactions using high-level quantum chemical calculations and energy-grained master equation simulations. The HOCH2CO + O2 reaction results in the formation of a HOCH2C(O)O2 radical, while the HOCHCHO + O2 reaction yields (HCO)2 + HO2. Density functional theory calculations have identified two open unimolecular pathways associated with the HOCH2C(O)O2 radical that yield HCOCOOH + OH or HCHO + CO2 + OH products; the former novel bimolecular product pathway has not been previously reported in the literature. Master equation simulations based on the potential energy surface calculated here for the HOCH2CO + O2 recombination reaction support experimental product yield data from the literature and indicate that, even at total pressures of 1 atm, the HOCH2CO + O2 reaction yields ∼11% OH at 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P A Lockhart
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - B Bodipati
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - S Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
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3
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Illmann N, Patroescu-Klotz I, Wiesen P. Organic acid formation in the gas-phase ozonolysis of α,β-unsaturated ketones. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:106-116. [PMID: 36476818 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids are key species in determining the radiative properties of the atmosphere due to their contribution to particle formation. Reported discrepancies between field measurements and modelling suggest significant missing sources. Herein, we present a mechanistic investigation on the gas-phase ozonolysis of ethyl vinyl ketone (EVK, 1-penten-3-one), which we chose as a model compound for α,β-unsaturated ketones. Experiments were performed in a 1080 L quartz-glass reaction chamber (QUAREC) at 990 ± 15 mbar and 298 ± 2 K (r. h. ≪ 0.1%) and analysed via long-path FTIR spectrometry and PTR-ToF-MS. The experiments were performed in the presence of an excess of CO to suppress the chemistry of OH radicals. For a comprehensive picture, in selected experiments, SO2 was also added to the reaction system to scavenge the stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs) and to investigate their formation yield. Combining the results of both set-ups allowed us to quantify 2-oxobutanal, for which we report vapour-phase FTIR spectra. In addition, we introduce the first-ever infrared spectra of perpropionic acid, which was also positively identified in the EVK + O3 system. A detailed analysis of the experimental findings allowed us to link the identified reaction products (acetaldehyde, ethyl hydroperoxide, and perpropionic acid) to known bimolecular reactions of RO2 radicals. Thereby, it is shown that the EVK + O3 reaction yields formic acid, HC(O)OH, and propionic acid, C2H5C(O)OH, and their formation is not covered by mechanisms reported in the literature. Three different pathways accounting for their formation from chemically activated CIs are proposed and possible implications for the ozonolysis of α,β-unsaturated ketones in the atmosphere are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Illmann
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Iulia Patroescu-Klotz
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Peter Wiesen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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4
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Uchkina D, Vlasov S, Ponomarev A. Effect of boiling on the radiolysis of acetylacetone. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Xie J, Song J, Shi G, Wang X, He Y. Theoretical investigations on the reaction of ethenol with triplet oxygen atom. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2140718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jibiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongdi He
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Chen L, Huang Y, Xue Y, Jia Z, Wang W. Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Degradation of Methyl Butyl Ketone. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2976-2988. [PMID: 35536543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl butyl ketone (MBK, 2-hexanone) is a common atmospheric oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) owing to broad industrial applications, but its atmospheric oxidation mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, the detailed mechanisms and kinetic properties of MBK oxidation initiated by OH radicals and subsequent transformation of the resulting intermediates are performed by employing quantum chemical and kinetic modeling methods. The calculations show that H-abstraction at the C4 position of MBK is more favorable than those at the other positions, with the total rate coefficient of k(T) = 4.13 × 10-14 exp(1576/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 273-400 K. The dominant pathway of unimolecular degradation of the C-centered alkyl radical is 1,2-acyl group migration. For the isomerization of the peroxy radical RO2, 1,5- and 1,6-H shifts are more favorable than 1,3- and 1,4-H shifts. The multiconformer rate coefficient kMC-TST of the first H-shift of the RO2 radical is estimated to be 1.40 × 10-3 s-1 at room temperature. Compared to the H-shifts of analogous aliphatic RO2 radicals, it can be concluded that the carbonyl group enhances the H-shift rates by as much as 2-4 orders of magnitude. The rate coefficients of the RO2 radical reaction with the HO2 radical exhibit a weakly negative temperature dependence, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant k'HO2 = kHO2[HO2] is calculated to be 3.32-22.10 × 10-3 s-1 at ambient temperature. The bimolecular reaction of the RO2 radical with NO leads to the formation of 3-oxo-butanal as the main product with the formation concentration of 2.2-7.4 μg/m3 in urban areas. The predicted pseudo-first-order rate constant k'NO = kNO[NO] is 2.20-9.98 s-1 at room temperature. By comparing the kMC-TST, k'HO2, and k'NO, it can be concluded that reaction with NO is the dominant removal pathway for the RO2 radical formed from the OH-initiated oxidation of MBK. These findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the photochemical oxidation of ketones under realistic atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yonggang Xue
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhihui Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
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7
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Bunn H, Raston PL. Characterization of the Coriolis Coupled Far-Infrared Bands of syn-Vinyl Alcohol. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2569-2577. [PMID: 35417172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotational emission from vibrationally excited molecules are responsible for a large fraction of lines in the spectra of interstellar molecular clouds. Vinyl alcohol (VA) has two rotamers that differ in energy by 6.4 kJ/mol, both of which have been observed toward the molecular cloud, Sagittarius B2(N) [Turner and Apponi, Astrophys. J. 2001, 561, 207]. Previously, we reported an analysis of the far-infrared spectrum of the higher energy rotamer, anti-VA [Bunn et al. Astrophys. J. 2017, 847, 67], yielding rotational and higher order distortion constants in the first excited vibrational state, and here, we report an analysis of the far-infrared spectrum of the lower energy rotamer, syn-VA, whose spectrum is significantly more complicated on account of Coriolis interactions that result in perturbations to the rovibrational spectrum. We account for those perturbations with the inclusion of Coriolis coupling constants in the fit, which couples the first excited OH torsional (ν15) and CCO bending (ν11) states. Inclusion of them resulted in more physically meaningful rotational and centrifugal distortion constants, and allows for accurate pure rotational line predictions to be made up to high energies. These will be particularly useful in searches for vibrationally excited syn-VA toward warm regions of interstellar molecular clouds, where we predict that it may be significantly abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Bunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Paul L Raston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
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8
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Rösch D, Caravan RL, Taatjes CA, Au K, Almeida R, Osborn DL. Absolute Photoionization Cross Section of the Simplest Enol, Vinyl Alcohol. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7920-7928. [PMID: 34468152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The absolute photoionization cross section of vinyl alcohol was determined by multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry of the Norrish type II photodissociation of butanal at 308 nm. The measured cross sections at 10.005 and 10.205 eV are 7.5 ± 1.9 and 8.1 ± 1.9 MB, respectively. A higher signal-to-noise ratio photoionization spectrum of vinyl alcohol was recorded via the pyrolysis of 2-chloroethanol and scaled to the absolute cross sections measured using the Norrish type II method. From a comparison of our spectrum with previously reported photoelectron spectra we conclude that vinyl alcohol is mainly ionized by direct ionization in the energy range of 9-9.6 eV, whereas autoionization is responsible for the steady rise in the photoionization spectrum above the end of the Franck-Condon envelope at 9.9 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rösch
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Rebecca L Caravan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Craig A Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Kendrew Au
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Raybel Almeida
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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9
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Arathala P, Tangtartharakul CB, Sinha A. Atmospheric Ring-Closure and Dehydration Reactions of 1,4-Hydroxycarbonyls in the Gas Phase: The Impact of Catalysts. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5963-5975. [PMID: 34191509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Hydroxycarbonyls can potentially undergo sequential reactions involving cyclization followed by dehydration to form dihydrofurans. As dihydrofurans contain a double bond, they are highly reactive toward atmospheric oxidants such as OH, O3, and NO3. In the present study, we use ab initio calculations to examine the impact of various atmospheric catalysts on the energetics and kinetics of the gas-phase cyclization and dehydration reaction steps associated with 4-hydroxybutanal, a prototypical 1,4-hydroxycarbonyl molecule. The cyclization step transforms 4-hydroxybutanal into 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, which can subsequently undergo dehydration to form 2,3-dihydrofuran. As the barriers associated with the cyclization and dehydration steps for 4-hydroxybutanal are, respectively, 34.8 and 63.0 kcal/mol in the absence of a catalyst, both reaction steps are inaccessible under atmospheric conditions in the gas phase. However, the presence of a suitable catalyst can significantly reduce the reaction barriers, and we have examined the impact of a single molecule of H2O, HO2 radical, HC(O)OH, HNO3, and H2SO4 on these reactions. We find that H2SO4 reduces the reaction barriers the greatest, with the barrier for the cyclization step being reduced to -13.1 kcal/mol and that for the dehydration step going down to 9.2 kcal/mol, measured relative to their respective separated starting reactants. Interestingly, our kinetic study shows that HNO3 gives the fastest rate due to the combined effects of a larger atmospheric concentration and a reduced barrier. Thus, our study suggests that, with acid catalysis, the cyclization reaction step can readily occur for 1,4-hydroxycarbonyls in the gas phase. Because the dehydration step exhibits a significant barrier even with acid catalysis, the 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran products, once formed, are likely lost through their reaction with OH radicals in the atmosphere. We have investigated the reaction pathways and the rate constant for this bimolecular reaction in the presence of excess molecular oxygen (3O2), as it would occur under tropospheric conditions, using computational chemistry over the 200-300 K temperature range. We find that the main products from these OH-initiated oxidation reactions are succinaldehyde + HO2 and 2,3-dihydro-2-furanol + HO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parandaman Arathala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chanin B Tangtartharakul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amitabha Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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10
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Chen X, Millet DB, Neuman JA, Veres PR, Ray EA, Commane R, Daube BC, McKain K, Schwarz JP, Katich JM, Froyd KD, Schill GP, Kim MJ, Crounse JD, Allen HM, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Blake DR, Nault BA, Campuzano-Jost P, Jimenez JL, Dibb JE. HCOOH in the remote atmosphere: Constraints from Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) airborne observations. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:1436-1454. [PMID: 34164590 PMCID: PMC8216292 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (HCOOH) is an important component of atmospheric acidity but its budget is poorly understood, with prior observations implying substantial missing sources. Here we combine pole-to-pole airborne observations from the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) with chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) and back trajectory analyses to provide the first global in-situ characterization of HCOOH in the remote atmosphere. ATom reveals sub-100 ppt HCOOH concentrations over most of the remote oceans, punctuated by large enhancements associated with continental outflow. Enhancements correlate with known combustion tracers and trajectory-based fire influences. The GEOS-Chem model underpredicts these in-plume HCOOH enhancements, but elsewhere we find no broad indication of a missing HCOOH source in the background free troposphere. We conclude that missing non-fire HCOOH precursors inferred previously are predominantly short-lived. We find indications of a wet scavenging underestimate in the model consistent with a positive HCOOH bias in the tropical upper troposphere. Observations reveal episodic evidence of ocean HCOOH uptake, which is well-captured by GEOS-Chem; however, despite its strong seawater undersaturation HCOOH is not consistently depleted in the remote marine boundary layer. Over fifty fire and mixed plumes were intercepted during ATom with widely varying transit times and source regions. HCOOH:CO normalized excess mixing ratios in these plumes range from 3.4 to >50 ppt/ppb CO and are often over an order of magnitude higher than expected primary emission ratios. HCOOH is thus a major reactive organic carbon reservoir in the aged plumes sampled during ATom, implying important missing pathways for in-plume HCOOH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | | | - Eric A. Ray
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Róisín Commane
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10964
| | - Bruce C. Daube
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kathryn McKain
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
| | | | - Joseph M. Katich
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Karl D. Froyd
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Gregory P. Schill
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Michelle J. Kim
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Hannah M. Allen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Benjamin A. Nault
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jack E. Dibb
- Earth Systems Research Center/EOS, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
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11
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Xi S, Xue J, Wang F, Li X. Theoretical Study on Reactions of α-Site Hydroxyethyl and Hydroxypropyl Radicals with O 2. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5423-5437. [PMID: 34132092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Site alcohol radicals are the most important products of H-abstract reactions from alcohols since the hydroxyl moiety weakens the α-site C-H bond. Reactions between α-site alcohol radicals and O2 play an important role in combustion of alcohols, especially at relatively low temperatures. However, reliable reaction pathways and rate constants for these reactions are still lacking. Theoretical studies on reactions in α-hydroxyethyl radical (CH3C•HOH) + O2 and α-hydroxypropyl radical (C2H5C•HOH and CH3C•OHCH3) + O2 reaction systems are performed in this work. Pressure-dependent rate constants for the involved reactions in a wide range of temperatures are determined using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus/master equation (RRKM/ME) method. Our results show that rate constants for reactions in the α-hydroxypropyl radical + O2 system are quite different from those in the CH3C•HOH + O2 system. Detailed reaction pathways for these reaction systems are clarified, although combustion characteristics of ethanol and propanol do not change much with the obtained rate constants for these reactions. Important reaction channels in producing enols, especially in the combustion of propanol, are also provided. The obtained rate constants for these reactions over a wide range of temperatures and pressures are helpful in developing combustion mechanisms for ethanol and propanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghui Xi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xue
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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12
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Abstract
Machine learning (ML) techniques applied to chemical reactions have a long history. The present contribution discusses applications ranging from small molecule reaction dynamics to computational platforms for reaction planning. ML-based techniques can be particularly relevant for problems involving both computation and experiments. For one, Bayesian inference is a powerful approach to develop models consistent with knowledge from experiments. Second, ML-based methods can also be used to handle problems that are formally intractable using conventional approaches, such as exhaustive characterization of state-to-state information in reactive collisions. Finally, the explicit simulation of reactive networks as they occur in combustion has become possible using machine-learned neural network potentials. This review provides an overview of the questions that can and have been addressed using machine learning techniques, and an outlook discusses challenges in this diverse and stimulating field. It is concluded that ML applied to chemistry problems as practiced and conceived today has the potential to transform the way with which the field approaches problems involving chemical reactions, in both research and academic teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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13
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Ubiquitous atmospheric production of organic acids mediated by cloud droplets. Nature 2021; 593:233-237. [PMID: 33981052 PMCID: PMC8116209 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric acidity is increasingly determined by carbon dioxide and organic acids1-3. Among the latter, formic acid facilitates the nucleation of cloud droplets4 and contributes to the acidity of clouds and rainwater1,5. At present, chemistry-climate models greatly underestimate the atmospheric burden of formic acid, because key processes related to its sources and sinks remain poorly understood2,6-9. Here we present atmospheric chamber experiments that show that formaldehyde is efficiently converted to gaseous formic acid via a multiphase pathway that involves its hydrated form, methanediol. In warm cloud droplets, methanediol undergoes fast outgassing but slow dehydration. Using a chemistry-climate model, we estimate that the gas-phase oxidation of methanediol produces up to four times more formic acid than all other known chemical sources combined. Our findings reconcile model predictions and measurements of formic acid abundance. The additional formic acid burden increases atmospheric acidity by reducing the pH of clouds and rainwater by up to 0.3. The diol mechanism presented here probably applies to other aldehydes and may help to explain the high atmospheric levels of other organic acids that affect aerosol growth and cloud evolution.
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14
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Wang S, Newland MJ, Deng W, Rickard AR, Hamilton JF, Muñoz A, Ródenas M, Vázquez MM, Wang L, Wang X. Aromatic Photo-oxidation, A New Source of Atmospheric Acidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7798-7806. [PMID: 32479720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (HCOOH), one of the most important and ubiquitous organic acids in the Earth's atmosphere, contributes substantially to atmospheric acidity and affects pH-dependent reactions in the aqueous phase. However, based on the current mechanistic understanding, even the most advanced chemical models significantly underestimate the HCOOH concentrations when compared to ambient observations at both ground-level and high altitude, thus underrating its atmospheric impact. Here we reveal new chemical pathways to HCOOH formation from reactions of both O3 and OH with ketene-enols, which are important and to date undiscovered intermediates produced in the photo-oxidation of aromatics and furans. We highlight that the estimated yields of HCOOH from ketene-enol oxidation are up to 60% in polluted urban areas and greater than 30% even in the continental background. Our theoretical calculations are further supported by a chamber experiment evaluation. Considering that aromatic compounds are highly reactive and contribute ca. 10% to global nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions and 20% in urban areas, the new oxidation pathways presented here should help to narrow the budget gap of HCOOH and other small organic acids and can be relevant in any environment with high aromatic emissions, including urban areas and biomass burning plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mike J Newland
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew R Rickard
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda. Charles R. Darwin. Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Ródenas
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda. Charles R. Darwin. Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica M Vázquez
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda. Charles R. Darwin. Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Feng B, Sun C, Zhao W, Zhang S. A theoretical investigation on the atmospheric degradation of the radical: reactions with NO, NO 2, and NO 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1554-1565. [PMID: 32608429 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The radical is the key intermediate in the atmospheric oxidation of benzaldehyde, and its further chemistry contributes to local air pollution. The reaction mechanisms of the radical with NO, NO2, and NO3 were studied by quantum chemistry calculations at the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-2X/def2-TZVP level of theory. The explicit potential energy curves were provided in order to reveal the atmospheric fate of the radical comprehensively. The main products of the reaction of with NO are predicted to be , CO2 and NO2. The reaction of with NO2 is reversible, and its main product would be C6H5C(O)O2NO2 which was predicted to be more stable than PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate) at room temperature. The decomposition of C6H5C(O)O2NO2 at different ambient temperatures would be a potential long-range transport source of NOx in the atmosphere. The predominant products of the reaction are predicted to be C6H5C(O)O2H, C6H5C(O)OH, O2 and O3, while HO˙ is of minor importance. So, the reaction of with would be an important source of ozone and carboxylic acids in the local atmosphere, and has less contribution to the regeneration of HO˙ radicals. The reaction of with NO3 should mainly produce , CO2, O2 and NO2, which might play an important role in atmospheric chemistry of peroxy radicals at night, but has less contribution to the night-time conversion of ( and RO˙) to ( and HO˙) in the local atmosphere. The results above are in good accordance with the reported experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, South Zhongguancun Street # 5, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
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16
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Käser S, Unke OT, Meuwly M. Isomerization and decomposition reactions of acetaldehyde relevant to atmospheric processes from dynamics simulations on neural network-based potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0008223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvan Käser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver T. Unke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Lei X, Wang W, Gao J, Wang S, Wang W. Atmospheric Chemistry of Enols: The Formation Mechanisms of Formic and Peroxyformic Acids in Ozonolysis of Vinyl Alcohol. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4271-4279. [PMID: 32369366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl alcohol (VA), for a long time, is thought to be a missing source of formic acid (FA) in the atmospheric models. However, a recent study has shown that FA is just a byproduct in the OH-initiated oxidation of VA, which stimulates investigation on the other sinks of VA in the atmosphere. In this study, the detailed ozonolysis mechanism of VA was investigated theoretically for the first time. The results show that two primary ozonides (syn- and anti-POZ) can be formed in the ozonolysis of VA and that FA coupled with the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO) can be produced as the main nascent products. Thus, the ozonolysis of VA is predicted to be a more efficient process to produce FA in the atmosphere compared with its OH-initiated oxidation. Moreover, it is found that the syn-POZ can directly decompose to peroxyformic acid plus formaldehyde, breaking the known "Criegee mechanism" to form carbonyl oxide with carbonyl compound. This special mechanism by providing a new source of peroxy acids in the atmosphere enriches the atmospheric chemistry of enols. The atmospheric lifetime of VA by ozonolysis is predicted to be 30 h, comparable with its prevalent reaction with the OH radical. Therefore, the obtained theoretical results can be usefully incorporated into a future modeling study of enols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lei
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiemiao Gao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Hudzik JM, Barekati-Goudarzi M, Khachatryan L, Bozzelli JW, Ruckenstein E, Asatryan R. OH-Initiated Reactions of para-Coumaryl Alcohol Relevant to the Lignin Pyrolysis. Part II. Kinetic Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4875-4904. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Hudzik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | | | - Lavrent Khachatryan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Joseph W. Bozzelli
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Eli Ruckenstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14226, United States
| | - Rubik Asatryan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14226, United States
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19
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Mardyukov A, Eckhardt AK, Schreiner PR. 1,1-Ethenediol: The Long Elusive Enol of Acetic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5577-5580. [PMID: 31899845 PMCID: PMC7154680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the first spectroscopic identification of hitherto unknown 1,1-ethenediol, the enol tautomer of acetic acid. The title compound was generated in the gas phase through flash vacuum pyrolysis of malonic acid at 400 °C. The pyrolysis products were subsequently trapped in argon matrices at 10 K and characterized spectroscopically by means of IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy together with matching its spectral data with computations at the CCSD(T)/cc-pCVTZ and B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) levels of theory. Upon photolysis at λ=254 nm, the enol rearranges to acetic acid and ketene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mardyukov
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
| | - André K. Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
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20
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Mardyukov A, Eckhardt AK, Schreiner PR. 1,1‐Ethendiol – Das lange Zeit schwer fassbare Enol der Essigsäure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mardyukov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Deutschland
| | - André K. Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Deutschland
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Deutschland
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21
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Li J, Chen J, Ji Y, Wang J, Li G, An T. Solar light induced transformation mechanism of allyl alcohol to monocarbonyl and dicarbonyl compounds on different TiO 2: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:287-295. [PMID: 31154190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enols are an important group of photochemical precursors of atmospheric carbonyl compounds. However, the transformation mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, the photo-induced transformation of a typical enol, allyl alcohol, to carbonyl compounds on TiO2 (P25) and aluminum reduced TiO2 (P25, rutile and anatase TiO2) were investigated. Intermediate results confirmed that a total of seven carbonyl compounds, including four monocarbonyl compounds (acetone, glycolaldehyde, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and acrolein) and three dicarbonyl compounds (glyoxal, methylglyoxal and dimethylglyoxal), were formed on studied TiO2. This is the first time to report the transformation of allyl alcohol to dicarbonyl compounds on TiO2. The same byproducts formation indicated negligible effects of reduction treatment and crystal phase to the composition of carbonyl intermediates. However, the relative content ratio of dicarbonyl compounds to monocarbonyl ones on reduced P25 is ca. 4.1 times higher than that on P25, suggesting reduction treatment significantly accelerated the transformation of allyl alcohol or monocarbonyl compounds to dicarbonyl ones. Furthermore, both rutile and anatase crystal phases were found beneficial for the dicarbonyl compounds generation within enough reaction time, especially for anatase. The enhanced •OH was responsible for all accelerations. Furthermore, the intermediate results together with quantum chemical calculations confirmed that •OH addition and O2 oxidation preferred converting allyl alcohol to dicarbonyl compounds rather than monocarbonyl ones. The present work could provide a deep insight into the transformation of allyl alcohol to carbonyl compounds, and efficiently replenish atmospheric transformation fate of enols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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22
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Lei X, Wang W, Cai J, Wang C, Liu F, Wang W. Atmospheric Chemistry of Enols: Vinyl Alcohol + OH + O2 Reaction Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3205-3213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lei
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Bai FY, Ni S, Tang YZ, Pan XM, Zhao Z. New insights into 3M3M1B: the role of water in ˙OH-initiated degradation and aerosol formation in the presence of NOX (X = 1, 2) and an alkali. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17378-17392. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free catalysis of the ˙OH-initiated degradation of 3M3M1B, nitrate aerosol formation, and peroxynitrate decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yang Bai
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shenyang Normal University
- Shenyang
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ni
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhen Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering
- Qingdao Technological University
- Qingdao 266033
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Pan
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shenyang Normal University
- Shenyang
- People's Republic of China
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24
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Asatryan R, Pal Y, Hachmann J, Ruckenstein E. Roaming-like Mechanism for Dehydration of Diol Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9738-9754. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubik Asatryan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yudhajit Pal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Johannes Hachmann
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Materials Informatics, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eli Ruckenstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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25
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Lei X, Chen D, Wang W, Liu F, Wang W. Quantum chemical studies of the OH-initiated oxidation reactions of propenols in the presence of O2. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1537527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lei
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weina Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Shaw MF, Sztáray B, Whalley LK, Heard DE, Millet DB, Jordan MJT, Osborn DL, Kable SH. Photo-tautomerization of acetaldehyde as a photochemical source of formic acid in the troposphere. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2584. [PMID: 29968712 PMCID: PMC6030138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic acids play a key role in the troposphere, contributing to atmospheric aqueous-phase chemistry, aerosol formation, and precipitation acidity. Atmospheric models currently account for less than half the observed, globally averaged formic acid loading. Here we report that acetaldehyde photo-tautomerizes to vinyl alcohol under atmospherically relevant pressures of nitrogen, in the actinic wavelength range, λ = 300-330 nm, with measured quantum yields of 2-25%. Recent theoretical kinetics studies show hydroxyl-initiated oxidation of vinyl alcohol produces formic acid. Adding these pathways to an atmospheric chemistry box model (Master Chemical Mechanism) demonstrates increased formic acid concentrations by a factor of ~1.7 in the polluted troposphere and a factor of ~3 under pristine conditions. Incorporating this mechanism into the GEOS-Chem 3D global chemical transport model reveals an estimated 7% contribution to worldwide formic acid production, with up to 60% of the total modeled formic acid production over oceans arising from photo-tautomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda F Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Lisa K Whalley
- School of Chemistry and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dwayne E Heard
- School of Chemistry and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dylan B Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA.
| | - Scott H Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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27
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Parandaman A, Kumar M, Francisco JS, Sinha A. Organic Acid Formation from the Atmospheric Oxidation of Gem Diols: Reaction Mechanism, Energetics, and Rates. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6266-6276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arathala Parandaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Amitabha Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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28
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Grambow CA, Jamal A, Li YP, Green WH, Zádor J, Suleimanov YV. Unimolecular Reaction Pathways of a γ-Ketohydroperoxide from Combined Application of Automated Reaction Discovery Methods. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1035-1048. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Grambow
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adeel Jamal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yi-Pei Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William H. Green
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Judit Zádor
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave., Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Yury V. Suleimanov
- Computation-based
Science and Technology Research Center, Cyprus Institute, 20
Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
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29
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Liu Z, Nguyen VS, Harvey J, Müller JF, Peeters J. The photolysis of α-hydroperoxycarbonyls. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6970-6979. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric photolysis of α-hydroperoxycarbonyls is predicted to yield mainly enols and singlet O2; the atmospheric implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Vinh Son Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Jeremy Harvey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Jozef Peeters
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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30
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Shaw MF, Osborn DL, Jordan MJT, Kable SH. Infrared Spectra of Gas-Phase 1- and 2-Propenol Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3679-3688. [PMID: 28436675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectra of isolated 1-propenol and 2-propenol in the gas-phase have been collected in the range of 900-3800 cm-1, and the absolute infrared absorption cross sections reported for the first time. Both cis and trans isomers of 1-propenol were observed with the trans isomer in greater abundance. Syn and anti conformers of both 1- and 2-propenol were also observed, with abundance consistent with thermal population. The FTIR spectrum of the smaller ethenol (vinyl alcohol) was used as a benchmark for our computational results. As a consequence, its spectrum has been partially reassigned resulting in the first report of the anti-ethenol conformer. Electronic structure calculations were used to support our experimental results and assign vibrational modes for the most abundant isomers, syn-trans-1-propenol and syn-2-propenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda F Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Meredith J T Jordan
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Scott H Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Gao Y, Ji Y, Li G, Mai B, An T. Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity increase during indirect photochemical transformation of polycyclic musk tonalide: A modeling study. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:47-55. [PMID: 27596702 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic musks (PCMs) have recently caused a worldwide environmental concern due to their bioaccumulation potential and ecotoxicological effects. Herein, the OH-initiated indirect photochemical transformation mechanism, environmental fate and ecotoxicity of PCMs (by taking tonalide as an example) were theoretically studied. Results show that tonalide can be degraded readily through OH-addition and H-abstraction pathways, with total rate constants of 6.03 × 109-15.8 × 109 M-1 s-1. The OH-addition pathways were dominant at low temperature (<∼287 K), whereas H-abstraction was the dominant pathway at high temperature. Further, the bioconcentration factors (BCF) and aquatic toxicities to fish of all transformation products from H-abstraction pathways were smaller than tonalide. In contrast, these values of most intermediates from OH-addition pathways were up to 8 times higher than tonalide. Particularly, the resultant phenolic product PC1 had a BCF of 5590 L/kg wet-wt, which exceeds the cutoff criterion set for the typically persistent organic pollutants as critically bioaccumulative. Notably, PC1 would mainly be produced under anaerobic aquatic conditions at low temperatures. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the indirect photochemical products and parental PCMs, particularly the intermediates from OH-addition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Taicheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Borduas N, Abbatt JPD, Murphy JG, So S, da Silva G. Gas-Phase Mechanisms of the Reactions of Reduced Organic Nitrogen Compounds with OH Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11723-11734. [PMID: 27690404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on the fate of reduced organic nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere has gained momentum since the identification of their crucial role in particle nucleation and the scale up of carbon capture and storage technology which employs amine-based solvents. Reduced organic nitrogen compounds have strikingly different lifetimes against OH radicals, from hours for amines to days for amides to years for isocyanates, highlighting unique functional group reactivity. In this work, we use ab initio methods to investigate the gas-phase mechanisms governing the reactions of amines, amides, isocyanates and carbamates with OH radicals. We determine that N-H abstraction is only a viable mechanistic pathway for amines and we identify a reactive pathway in amides, the formyl C-H abstraction, not currently considered in structure-activity relationship (SAR) models. We then use our acquired mechanistic knowledge and tabulated literature experimental rate coefficients to calculate SAR factors for reduced organic nitrogen compounds. These proposed SAR factors are an improvement over existing SAR models because they predict the experimental rate coefficients of amines, amides, isocyanates, isothiocyanates, carbamates and thiocarbamates with OH radicals within a factor of 2, but more importantly because they are based on a sound fundamental mechanistic understanding of their reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Borduas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jennifer G Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sui So
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia
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Cao H, Li X, Han D, Zhang S, He M. OH-initiated tropospheric photooxidation of allyl acetate: a theoretical study. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of OH-initiated oxidation of allyl acetate in the presence of O2/NO have been investigated by performing density functional theory calculations. Two patterns (OH-addition and H-abstraction) of the initial reaction and the subsequent reactions of the primarily produced intermediates (IM1, IM2, and IM4) have been proposed. The OH-addition reactions are more favorable than the H-abstraction reactions, but H-abstraction from the CH2 group cannot be ignored. The major degradation products have been identified. The rate coefficients and the branching ratios of the primary reactions are obtained over the temperature of 200–500 K and the pressure range of 0.001–1000 atm. The total rate coefficient is 3.17 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K and 1 atm. With respect to the typical concentration of OH radical (2.0 × 106 molecule cm−3), the atmospheric lifetime of AAC is estimated to be 4.40 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Cao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Han
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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Xiao R, Zammit I, Wei Z, Hu WP, MacLeod M, Spinney R. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Cyclic Methylsiloxanes by Hydroxyl Radical in the Gas Phase: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13322-13330. [PMID: 26477990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) in the global atmosphere has recently raised environmental concern. In order to assess the persistence and long-range transport potential of cVMS, their second-order rate constants (k) for reactions with hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) in the gas phase are needed. We experimentally and theoretically investigated the kinetics and mechanism of (•)OH oxidation of a series of cVMS, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethycyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethycyclopentasiloxane (D5). Experimentally, we measured k values for D3, D4, and D5 with (•)OH in a gas-phase reaction chamber. The Arrhenius activation energies for these reactions in the temperature range from 313 to 353 K were small (-2.92 to 0.79 kcal·mol(-1)), indicating a weak temperature dependence. We also calculated the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors for reactions at the M06-2X/6-311++G**//M06-2X/6-31+G** level of theory over a wider temperature range of 238-358 K that encompasses temperatures in the troposphere. The calculated Arrhenius activation energies range from -2.71 to -1.64 kcal·mol(-1), also exhibiting weak temperature dependence. The measured k values were approximately an order of magnitude higher than the theoretical values but have the same trend with increasing size of the siloxane ring. The calculated energy barriers for H-atom abstraction at different positions were similar, which provides theoretical support for extrapolating k for other cyclic siloxanes from the number of abstractable hydrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ian Zammit
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 8, Stockholm SE-11418, Sweden
| | | | - Wei-Ping Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University , Minxiong, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Matthew MacLeod
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 8, Stockholm SE-11418, Sweden
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Peeters J, Nguyen VS, Müller JF. Atmospheric Vinyl Alcohol to Acetaldehyde Tautomerization Revisited. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4005-11. [PMID: 26722769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric oxidation of vinyl alcohol (VA) produced by photoisomerization of acetaldehyde (AA) is thought to be a source of formic acid (FA). Nevertheless, a recent theoretical study predicted a high rate coefficient k1(298 K) of ≈10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for the FA-catalyzed tautomerization reaction 1 of VA back into AA, which suggests that FA buffers its own production from VA. However, the unusually high frequency factor implied by that study prompted us to reinvestigate reaction 1 . On the basis of a high-level ab initio potential energy profile, we first established that transition state theory is applicable, and derived a k1(298 K) of only ≈2 × 10(-20) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), concluding that the reaction is negligible. Instead, we propose and rationalize another important VA sink: its uptake by aqueous aerosol and cloud droplets followed by fast liquid-phase tautomerization to AA; global modeling puts the average lifetime by this sink at a few hours, similar to oxidation by OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Peeters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven , B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vinh Son Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven , B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Müller
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy , Avenue Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
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36
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So S, Wille U, da Silva G. A Theoretical Study of the Photoisomerization of Glycolaldehyde and Subsequent OH Radical-Initiated Oxidation of 1,2-Ethenediol. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9812-20. [PMID: 26335928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been discovered that carbonyl compounds can undergo UV-induced isomerization to their enol counterparts under atmospheric conditions. This study investigates the photoisomerization of glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO) to 1,2-ethenediol (HOCH═CHOH) and the subsequent (•)OH-initiated oxidation chemistry of the latter using quantum chemical calculations and stochastic master equation simulations. The keto-enol tautomerization of glycolaldehyde to 1,2-ethenediol is associated with a barrier of 66 kcal mol(-1) and involves a double-hydrogen shift mechanism to give the lower-energy Z isomer. This barrier lies below the energy of the UV/vis absorption band of glycolaldehyde and is also considerably below the energy of the products resulting from photolytic decomposition. The subsequent atmospheric oxidation of 1,2-ethenediol by (•)OH is initiated by addition of the radical to the π system to give the (•)CH(OH)CH(OH)2 radical, which is subsequently trapped by O2 to form the peroxyl radical (•)O2CH(OH)CH(OH)2. According to kinetic simulations, collisional deactivation of the latter is negligible and cannot compete with rapid fragmentation reactions, which lead to (i) formation of glyoxal hydrate [CH(OH)2CHO] and HO2(•) through an α-hydroxyl mechanism (96%) and (ii) two molecules of formic acid with release of (•)OH through a β-hydroxyl pathway (4%). Phenomenological rate coefficients for these two reaction channels were obtained for use in atmospheric chemical modeling. At tropospheric (•)OH concentrations, the lifetime of 1,2-ethenediol toward reaction with (•)OH is calculated to be 68 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui So
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Uta Wille
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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37
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Karton A, Goerigk L. Accurate reaction barrier heights of pericyclic reactions: Surprisingly large deviations for the CBS-QB3 composite method and their consequences in DFT benchmark studies. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:622-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karton
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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Cady-Pereira KE, Chaliyakunnel S, Shephard MW, Millet DB, Luo M, Wells KC. HCOOH measurements from space: TES retrieval algorithm and observed global distribution. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2014; 7:2297-2311. [PMID: 33717364 PMCID: PMC7954082 DOI: 10.5194/amt-7-2297-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Presented is a detailed description of the TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer)-Aura satellite formic acid (HCOOH) retrieval algorithm and initial results quantifying the global distribution of tropospheric HCOOH. The retrieval strategy, including the optimal estimation methodology, spectral microwindows, a priori constraints, and initial guess information, are provided. A comprehensive error and sensitivity analysis is performed in order to characterize the retrieval performance, degrees of freedom for signal, vertical resolution, and limits of detection. These results show that the TES HCOOH retrievals (i) typically provide at best 1.0 pieces of information; (ii) have the most vertical sensitivity in the range from 900 to 600 hPa with ~2 km vertical resolution; (iii) require at least 0.5 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) of HCOOH for detection if thermal contrast is greater than 5 K, and higher concentrations as thermal contrast decreases; and (iv) based on an ensemble of simulated retrievals, are unbiased with a standard deviation of ±0.4 ppbv. The relative spatial distribution of tropospheric HCOOH derived from TES and its associated seasonality are broadly correlated with predictions from a state-of-the-science chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM). However, TES HCOOH is generally higher than is predicted by GEOS-Chem, and this is in agreement with recent work pointing to a large missing source of atmospheric HCOOH. The model bias is especially pronounced in summertime and over biomass burning regions, implicating biogenic emissions and fires as key sources of the missing atmospheric HCOOH in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Cady-Pereira
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - D. B. Millet
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - M. Luo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - K. C. Wells
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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