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Ndlovu S, Kumar A. Precious Metal Recovery from Wastewater Using Bio-Based Techniques. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38877308 DOI: 10.1007/10_2024_257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The recovery of metals from waste material has been on the increase in the past few years due to a number of reasons such as supporting the diversification of metal supply resources. In addition, the alternative use of the waste material for metal recovery can add to the main production line, boosting production throughput and profitability thus, allowing companies to sustain their activities during times of low commodity prices. While there has been a lot of research and interest in the recovery of precious metals such as platinum group metals (PGMs), Au, and Ag from solid waste material, there has been limited focus on the recovery of these value metals from wastewater. This is mostly related to challenges associated with finding cost-effective technologies that can recover these metals from solutions of low metal concentrations. In recent years, bio-based technologies have, however, become established as potential alternatives to traditional techniques in the treatment of wastewater due to their ability to recover metals from solutions of low concentrations. While wastewater might be characterized by some significant value metal content, it also contains other components that have potential economic value if recovered or converted to by-products. Such an approach may not only provide an opportunity for extraction of metal resources from wastewater but also contributes toward the circular economy. This chapter presents insights into precious metal recovery from wastewater using bio-based technologies, compares such an approach to the traditional techniques, explores the recovery of other value-added products and finally considers some of the challenges associated with the large-scale application of the bio-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehliselo Ndlovu
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Anil Kumar
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Jia WL, Zhang M, Gao FZ, Bai H, He LX, He LY, Liu T, Han Y, Ying GG. Antibiotic resistome in landfill leachate and impact on groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171991. [PMID: 38547976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a hotspot in antibiotic resistance development. However, little is known about antibiotic resistome and host pathogens in leachate and their effects on surrounding groundwater. Here, metagenomic sequencing was used to explore profiles, host bacteria, environmental risks and influencing factors of antibiotic resistome in raw and treated leachate and surrounding groundwater of three landfills. Results showed detection of a total of 324 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The ARGs conferring resistance to multidrug (8.8 %-25.7 %), aminoglycoside (13.1 %-39.2 %), sulfonamide (10.0 %-20.9 %), tetracycline (5.7 %-34.4 %) and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS, 5.3 %-29.5 %) were dominant in raw leachate, while multidrug resistance genes were the major ARGs in treated leachate (64.1 %-83.0 %) and groundwater (28.7 %-76.6 %). Source tracking analysis suggests non-negligible influence of leachate on the ARGs in groundwater. The pathogens including Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas stutzeri and P. alcaligenes were the major ARG-carrying hosts. Variance partitioning analysis indicates that the microbial community, abiotic variables and their interaction contributed most to the antibiotic resistance development. Our results shed light on the dissemination and driving mechanisms of ARGs from leachate to the groundwater, indicating that a comprehensive risk assessment and efficient treatment approaches are needed to deal with ARGs in landfill leachate and nearby groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: Antibiotic resistance genes are found abundant in the landfill sites, and these genes could be disseminated into groundwater via leaching of wastewater and infiltration of leachate. This results in deterioration of groundwater quality and human health risks posed by these ARGs and related pathogens. Thus measures should be taken to minimize potential negative impacts of landfills on the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Jia
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Gao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Bai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu-Xi He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Han
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ojo AO, Castillo J, Cason ED, Valverde A. Biodegradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1036-1049. [PMID: 38116701 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of chloroethene compounds under oxic and anoxic conditions is well established. However, the biological reactions that take place under microoxic conditions are unknown. Here, we report the biostimulated (BIOST: addition of lactate) and natural attenuated (NAT) degradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions by bacterial communities from chloroethene compounds-contaminated groundwater. The degradation of tetrachloroethene was significantly higher in NAT (15.14% on average) than in BIOST (10.13% on average) conditions at the end of the experiment (90 days). Sporomusa, Paracoccus, Sedimentibacter, Pseudomonas, and Desulfosporosinus were overrepresented in NAT and BIOST compared to the source groundwater. The NAT metagenome contains phenol hydrolase P1 oxygenase (dmpL), catechol-1,2-dioxygenase (catA), catechol-2,3-dioxygenases (dmpB, todE, and xylE) genes, which could be involved in the cometabolic degradation of chloroethene compounds; and chlorate reductase (clrA), that could be associated with partial reductive dechlorination of chloroethene compounds. Our data provide a better understanding of the bacterial communities, genes, and pathways potentially implicated in the reductive and cometabolic degradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi Oluranti Ojo
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Julio Castillo
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Errol Duncan Cason
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Angel Valverde
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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Chi Z, Liu X, Li H, Liang S, Luo YH, Zhou C, Rittmann BE. Co-metabolic biodegradation of chlorinated ethene in an oxygen- and ethane-based membrane biofilm reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167323. [PMID: 37742949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by chlorinated ethenes is an urgent concern worldwide. One approach for detoxifying chlorinated ethenes is aerobic co-metabilims using ethane (C2H6) as the primary substrate. This study evaluated long-term continuous biodegradation of three chlorinated alkenes in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) that delivered C2H6 and O2 via gas-transfer membranes. During 133 days of continuous operation, removals of dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and tetrachloroethene (PCE) were as high as 94 % and with effluent concentrations below 5 μM. In situ batch tests showed that the co-metabolic kinetics were faster with more chlorination. C2H6-oxidizing Comamonadaceae and "others," such as Methylococcaceae, oxidized C2H6 via monooxyenation reactions. The abundant non-ethane monooxygenases, particularly propane monooxygenase, appears to have been responsible for C2H6 aerobic metabolism and co-metabolism of chlorinated ethenes. This work proves that the C2H6 + O2 MBfR is a platform for ex-situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes, and the generalized action of the monooxygenases may make it applicable for other chlorinated organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Chi
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Huai Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China.
| | - Shen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Yi-Hao Luo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA; Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
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Song X, Song X, Zhang Y, Fan J. Improving the Pervaporation Performance of PDMS Membranes for Trichloroethylene by Incorporating Silane-Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3777. [PMID: 37765631 PMCID: PMC10537036 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrophobic nature of inorganic zeolite particles plays a crucial role in the efficacy of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for the separation of trichloroethylene (TCE) through pervaporation. This study presents a novel approach to further augment the hydrophobicity of ZSM-5. The ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve was subjected to modification using three different silane coupling agents, namely, n-octyltriethoxysilane (OTES), γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570), and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550). The water contact angles of the resulting OTES@ZSM-5, KH-570@ZSM-5, and KH-550@ZSM-5 particles exhibited significant increases from 97.2° to 112.8°, 109.1°, and 102.7°, respectively, thereby indicating a notable enhancement in hydrophobicity. Subsequently, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were fabricated by incorporating the aforementioned silane-modified ZSM-5 particles into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), leading to a considerable improvement in the adsorption selectivity of these membranes towards trichloroethylene (TCE). The findings indicate that the PDMS membrane with a 20 wt.% OTES@ZSM-5 particle loading exhibits superior pervaporation performance. When subjected to a temperature of 30 °C, flow rate of 100 mL/min, and vacuum of 30 Kpa, the separation factor and total flux of a 3 × 10-7 wt.% TCE solution reach 328 and 155 gm-2·h-1, respectively. In comparison to the unmodified ZSM-5/PDMS membrane, the separation factor demonstrates a 41% increase, while the TCE flux experiences a 6% increase. Consequently, this approach effectively enhances the pervaporation separation capabilities of the PDMS membrane for TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosan Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xichen Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Jishuo Fan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.F.)
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Li Z, Ren L, Qiao Y, Li X, Zheng J, Ma J, Wang Z. Recent advances in membrane biofilm reactor for micropollutants removal: Fundamentals, performance and microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126139. [PMID: 34662738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of micropollutants (MPs) in water and wastewater imposes potential risks on ecological security and human health. Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), as an emerging technology, has attracted much attention for MPs removal from water and wastewater. The review aims to consolidate the recent advances in membrane biofilm reactor for MPs removal from the standpoint of fundamentals, removal performance and microbial communities. First, the configuration and working principles of MBfRs are reviewed prior to the discussion of the current status of the system. Thereafter, a comprehensive review of the MBfR performance for MPs elimination based on literature database is presented. Key information on the microbial communities that are of great significance for the removal performance is then synthesized. Perspectives on the future research needs are also provided in this review to ensure the development of MBfRs for more cost-effective elimination of MPs from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyan Li
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lehui Ren
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yiwen Qiao
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Junjian Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Wang Y, Li L, Qiu Z, Yang K, Han Y, Chai F, Li P, Wang Y. Trace volatile compounds in the air of domestic waste landfill site: Identification, olfactory effect and cancer risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129582. [PMID: 33476794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Landfill sites are regarded as sources of volatile compounds (VOCs) and odors emitted to the atmosphere. Surface emissions of VOCs and odors were investigated in a rural domestic waste landfill site located in southwest China. A total of 76 chemical compounds belonging to 3 chemical families were identified and quantified. The total number of VOCs (TVOC) detected ranged from 18.1 to 806.3 mg/m3, while odorous gases and greenhouse gases ranged from 0.4 to 21.2 and 0-100.5 mg/m3, respectively. High emissions were found in the air surrounding the leachate storage pool (LSP) and dumping area (DPA). The dominant species of VOCs were hexaldehyde, m-xylene, propylene oxide, acetophenone, and 2-butanone. The traceability analysis showed that the odors and VOCs diffused to the downwind boundary mainly came from the DPA and LSP. According to the olfactory effect analysis and cancer risk assessment, the main odor-causing gaseous pollutants were hydrogen sulfide, propionic acid, styrene, and 2-pentanone, while benzene, trichlorethylene, and 1,3-butadiene were the dominant carcinogens. This study provides new insights into the emission characteristics, olfactory effects, and cancer risks of VOCs and odors emitted from rural domestic solid waste landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Zhongping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, PR China.
| | - Kaixiong Yang
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Fengguang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Pengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Yanjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Hellal J, Joulian C, Urien C, Ferreira S, Denonfoux J, Hermon L, Vuilleumier S, Imfeld G. Chlorinated ethene biodegradation and associated bacterial taxa in multi-polluted groundwater: Insights from biomolecular markers and stable isotope analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142950. [PMID: 33127155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated ethenes (CEs) are most problematic pollutants in groundwater. Dehalogenating bacteria, and in particular organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB), can transform PCE to ethene under anaerobic conditions, and thus contribute to bioremediation of contaminated sites. Current approaches to characterize in situ biodegradation of CEs include hydrochemical analyses, quantification of the abundance of key species (e.g. Dehalococcoides mccartyi) and dehalogenase genes (pceA, vcrA, bvcA and tceA) involved in different steps of organohalide respiration (OHR) by qPCR, and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of CEs. Here we combined these approaches with sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to consider both OHRB and bacterial taxa involved in CE transformation at a multi-contaminated site. Integrated analysis of hydrogeochemical characteristics, gene abundances and bacterial diversity shows that bacterial diversity and OHRB mainly correlated with hydrogeochemical conditions, suggesting that pollutant exposure acts as a central driver of bacterial diversity. CSIA, abundances of four reductive dehalogenase encoding genes and the prevalence of Dehalococcoides highlighted sustained PCE, DCE and VC degradation in several wells of the polluted plume. These results suggest that bacterial taxa associated with OHR play an essential role in natural attenuation of CEs, and that representatives of taxa including Dehalobacterium and Desulfosporosinus co-occur with Dehalococcoides. Overall, our study emphasizes the benefits of combining several approaches to evaluate the interplay between the dynamics of bacterial diversity in CE-polluted plumes and in situ degradation of CEs, and to contribute to a more robust assessment of natural attenuation at multi-polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hellal
- BRGM, Geomicrobiology and Environmental Monitoring Unit, FR-45060 Orléans, France.
| | - Catherine Joulian
- BRGM, Geomicrobiology and Environmental Monitoring Unit, FR-45060 Orléans, France
| | - Charlotte Urien
- Service Recherche, Développement et Innovation-Communautés Microbiennes, GenoScreen, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Ferreira
- Service Recherche, Développement et Innovation-Communautés Microbiennes, GenoScreen, Lille, France
| | - Jérémie Denonfoux
- Service Recherche, Développement et Innovation-Communautés Microbiennes, GenoScreen, Lille, France
| | - Louis Hermon
- BRGM, Geomicrobiology and Environmental Monitoring Unit, FR-45060 Orléans, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/EOST, LHyGeS UMR 7517, Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Luo YH, Zhou C, Bi Y, Long X, Wang B, Tang Y, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. Long-Term Continuous Co-reduction of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane and Trichloroethene over Palladium Nanoparticles Spontaneously Deposited on H 2-Transfer Membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2057-2066. [PMID: 33236898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) and trichloroethene (TCE) are common recalcitrant contaminants that coexist in groundwater. H2-induced reduction over precious-metal catalysts has proven advantageous, but its application to long-term continuous treatment has been limited due to poor H2-transfer efficiency and catalyst loss. Furthermore, catalytic reductions of aqueous 1,1,1-TCA alone or concomitant with TCE catalytic co-reductions are unstudied. Here, we investigated 1,1,1-TCA and TCE co-reduction using palladium nanoparticle (PdNP) catalysts spontaneously deposited on H2-transfer membranes that allow efficient H2 supply on demand in a bubble-free form. The catalytic activities for 1,1,1-TCA and TCE reductions reached 9.9 and 11 L/g-Pd/min, values significantly greater than that reported for other immobilized-PdNP systems. During 90 day continuous operation, removals were up to 95% for 1,1,1-TCA and 99% for TCE. The highest steady-state removal fluxes were 1.5 g/m2/day for 1,1,1-TCA and 1.7 g/m2/day for TCE. The major product was nontoxic ethane (94% selectivity). Only 4% of the originally deposited PdNPs were lost over 90 days of continuous operation. Documenting long-term continuous Pd-catalyzed dechlorination at high surface loading with minimal loss of the catalyst mass or activity, this work expands understanding of and provides a foundation for sustainable catalytic removal of co-existing chlorinated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Luo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-5701, Arizona, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-5701, Arizona, United States
| | - Yuqiang Bi
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-5701, Arizona, United States
| | - Xiangxing Long
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-5701, Arizona, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-5701, Arizona, United States
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1058, Florida, United States
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1058, Florida, United States
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-5701, Arizona, United States
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-5701, Arizona, United States
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10
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Yang K, Wang C, Xue S, Li W, Liu J, Li L. The identification, health risks and olfactory effects assessment of VOCs released from the wastewater storage tank in a pesticide plant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109665. [PMID: 31520952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated during pesticide synthesis is a potential source of high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, which would cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Here, we provided a comprehensive study on concentrations, health risks, and olfactory effects of VOCs emitted from a pesticide wastewater storage tank. A total of 21 VOCs were identified, their concentrations ranged from 0.63 to 5023.83 μg/m3. Chlorinated compounds such as trichloroethylene (mean = 2581.29 μg/m3) and dichloromethane (mean = 2309.55 μg/m3) presented the highest concentrations. Both the cumulative chronic toxicities (514) and cancer risks (1.67 × 10-3) of VOCs were up to three orders of magnitude higher than the occupational safety limits. Trichloroethylene contributed the greatest to the cumulative chronic toxicities (88.41%) and cancer risks (74.91%). Benzene was another compound with a high cancer risk of 3.32 × 10-4. Regarding olfactory effects, triethylamine and diethylamine were the dominant contributors with a relative olfactory perception importance of 39.93% and 34.26%, respectively. The results of fuzzy synthetic evaluation revealed that benzene, diethylamine, trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, and triethylamine were the priority compounds caused the overall pollution levels, health risks, and olfactory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Song Xue
- Fujian Provincial Colleges and University Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Resource Utilization, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, 364012, China.
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Mao X, Stenuit B, Tremblay J, Yu K, Tringe SG, Alvarez-Cohen L. Structural dynamics and transcriptomic analysis of Dehalococcoides mccartyi within a TCE-Dechlorinating community in a completely mixed flow reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:146-156. [PMID: 31035191 PMCID: PMC7053656 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A trichloroethene (TCE)-dechlorinating community (CANAS) maintained in a completely mixed flow reactor was established from a semi-batch enrichment culture (ANAS) and was monitored for 400 days at a low solids retention time (SRT) under electron acceptor limitation. Around 85% of TCE supplied to CANAS (0.13 mmol d-1) was converted to ethene at a rate of 0.1 mmol d-1, with detection of low production rates of vinyl chloride (6.8 × 10-3 mmol d-1) and cis-dichloroethene (2.3 × 10-3 mmol d-1). Two distinct Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains (ANAS1 and ANAS2) were stably maintained at 6.2 ± 2.8 × 108 cells mL-1 and 5.8 ± 1.2 × 108 cells mL-1, respectively. Electron balance analysis showed 107% electron recovery, in which 6.1% were involved in dechlorination. 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed a structural regime shift between ANAS and CANAS while maintaining robust TCE dechlorination due to similar relative abundances of D. mccartyi and functional redundancy among each functional guild supporting D. mccartyi activity. D. mccartyi transcriptomic analysis identified the genes encoding for ribosomal RNA and the reductive dehalogenases tceA and vcrA as the most expressed genes in CANAS, while hup and vhu were the most critical hydrogenases utilized by D. mccartyi in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1710, USA
| | - Benoit Stenuit
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1710, USA
| | | | - Ke Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1710, USA
| | - Susannah G Tringe
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lisa Alvarez-Cohen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1710, USA; Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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12
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Zhou C, Ontiveros-Valencia A, Nerenberg R, Tang Y, Friese D, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. Hydrogenotrophic Microbial Reduction of Oxyanions With the Membrane Biofilm Reactor. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3268. [PMID: 30687262 PMCID: PMC6335333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyanions, such as nitrate, perchlorate, selenate, and chromate are commonly occurring contaminants in groundwater, as well as municipal, industrial, and mining wastewaters. Microorganism-mediated reduction is an effective means to remove oxyanions from water by transforming oxyanions into harmless and/or immobilized forms. To carry out microbial reduction, bacteria require a source of electrons, called the electron-donor substrate. Compared to organic electron donors, H2 is not toxic, generates minimal secondary contamination, and can be readily obtained in a variety of ways at reasonable cost. However, the application of H2 through conventional delivery methods, such as bubbling, is untenable due to H2's low water solubility and combustibility. In this review, we describe the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which is a technological breakthrough that makes H2 delivery to microorganisms efficient, reliable, and safe. The MBfR features non-porous gas-transfer membranes through which bubbleless H2 is delivered on-demand to a microbial biofilm that develops naturally on the outer surface of the membranes. The membranes serve as an active substratum for a microbial biofilm able to biologically reduce oxyanions in the water. We review the development of the MBfR technology from bench, to pilot, and to commercial scales, and we elucidate the mechanisms that control MBfR performance, particularly including methods for managing the biofilm's structure and function. We also give examples of MBfR performance for cases of treating single and co-occurring oxyanions in different types of contaminated water. In summary, the MBfR is an effective and reliable technology for removing oxyanion contaminants by accurately providing a biofilm with bubbleless H2 on demand. Controlling the H2 supply in accordance to oxyanion surface loading and managing the accumulation and activity of biofilm are the keys for process success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | | | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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13
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Long M, Ilhan ZE, Xia S, Zhou C, Rittmann BE. Complete dechlorination and mineralization of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:134-144. [PMID: 30025265 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complete biodegradation and mineralization of pentachlorophenol (PCP), a priority pollutant in water, is challenging for water treatment. In this study, a hydrogen (H2)-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was applied to treat PCP, along with nitrate and sulfate, which often coexist in contaminated groundwater. Throughout 120-days of continuous operation, almost 100% of up to 10 mg/L PCP was removed with minimal intermediate accumulation and in parallel with complete denitrification of 20 mg-N/L nitrate. PCP initially was reductively dechlorinated to phenol, which was then mineralized to CO2 through pathways that began with aerobic activation via monooxygenation by Xanthobacter and anaerobic activation via carboxylation by Azospira and Thauera. Sulfur cycling induced by SO42- reduction affected the microbial community: The dominant bacteria became sulfate-reducers Desulfomicrobium, sulfur-oxidizers Sulfuritalea and Flavobacterium. This study provides insights and a promising technology for bioremediation of water contaminated with PCP, nitrate, and sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Zehra Esra Ilhan
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, USA.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, USA
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14
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Yuan Y, Lin H, Lin Z, Wang Y. A Review Of Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor To Remove Oxidized Pollutants From Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/392/4/042031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Rittmann BE. Biofilms, active substrata, and me. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:135-145. [PMID: 29324293 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Having worked with biofilms since the 1970s, I know that they are ubiquitous in nature, of great value in water technology, and scientifically fascinating. Biofilms are naturally able to remove BOD, transform N, generate methane, and biodegrade micropollutants. What I also discovered is that biofilms can do a lot more for us in terms of providing environmental services if we give them a bit of help. Here, I explore how we can use active substrata to enable our biofilm partners to provide particularly challenging environmental services. In particular, I delve into three examples in which an active substratum makes it possible for a biofilm to accomplish a task that otherwise seems impossible. The first example is the delivery of hydrogen gas (H2) as an electron donor to drive the reduction and detoxification of the rising number of oxidized contaminant: e.g., perchlorate, selenate, chromate, chlorinated solvents, and more. The active substratum is a gas-transfer membrane that delivers H2 directly to the biofilm in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which makes it possible to deliver a low-solubility gaseous substrate with 100% efficiency. The second example is the biofilm anode of a microbial electrochemical cell (MxC). Here, the anode is the electron acceptor for anode-respiring bacteria, which "liberate" electrons from organic compounds and send them ultimately to a cathode, where we can harvest valuable products or services. The anode's potential is a sensitive tool for managing the microbial ecology and reaction kinetics of the biofilm anode. The third example is intimately coupled photobiocatalysis (ICPB), in which we use photocatalysis to enable the biodegradation of intrinsically recalcitrant organic pollutants. Photocatalysis transforms the recalcitrant organics just enough so that the products are rapidly biodegradable substrates for bacteria in a nearby biofilm. The macroporous substratum, which houses the photocatalyst on its exterior, actively provides donor substrate and protects the biofilm from UV light and free radicals in its interior. These three well-developed topics illustrate how and why an active substratum expands the scope of what biofilms can do to enhance water sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA.
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16
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Delgado AG, Fajardo-Williams D, Bondank E, Esquivel-Elizondo S, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Coupling Bioflocculation of Dehalococcoides mccartyi to High-Rate Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Ethenes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11297-11307. [PMID: 28914537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous bioreactors operated at low hydraulic retention times have rarely been explored for reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes. The inability to consistently develop such bioreactors affects the way growth approaches for Dehalococcoides mccartyi bioaugmentation cultures are envisioned. It also affects interpretation of results from in situ continuous treatment processes. We report bioreactor performance and dehalogenation kinetics of a D. mccartyi-containing consortium in an upflow bioreactor. When fed synthetic groundwater at 11-3.6 h HRT, the upflow bioreactor removed >99.7% of the influent trichloroethene (1.5-2.8 mM) and produced ethene as the main product. A trichloroethene removal rate of 98.51 ± 0.05 me- equiv L-1 d-1 was achieved at 3.6 h HRT. D. mccartyi cell densities were 1013 and 1012 16S rRNA gene copies L-1 in the bioflocs and planktonic culture, respectively. When challenged with a feed of natural groundwater containing various competing electron acceptors and 0.3-0.4 mM trichloroethene, trichloroethene removal was sustained at >99.6%. Electron micrographs revealed that D. mccartyi were abundant within the bioflocs, not only in multispecies structures, but also as self-aggregated microcolonies. This study provides fundamental evidence toward the feasibility of upflow bioreactors containing D. mccartyi as high-density culture production tools or as a high-rate, real-time remediation biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca G Delgado
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Devyn Fajardo-Williams
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Emily Bondank
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
| | - Sofia Esquivel-Elizondo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
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17
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Lu Q, Yu L, Liang Z, Yan Q, He Z, Luan T, Liang D, Wang S. Dehalococcoides as a Potential Biomarker Evidence for Uncharacterized Organohalides in Environmental Samples. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1677. [PMID: 28919889 PMCID: PMC5585146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The massive production and improper disposal of organohalides resulted in worldwide contamination in soil and water. However, their environmental survey based on chromatographic methods was hindered by challenges in testing the extremely wide variety of organohalides. Dehalococcoides as obligate organohalide-respiring bacteria exclusively use organohalides as electron acceptors to support their growth, of which the presence could be coupled with organohalides and, therefore, could be employed as a biomarker of the organohalide pollution. In this study, Dehalococcoides was screened in various samples of bioreactors and subsurface environments, showing the wide distribution of Dehalococcoides in sludge and sediment. Further laboratory cultivation confirmed the dechlorination activities of those Dehalococcoides. Among those samples, Dehalococcoides accounting for 1.8% of the total microbial community was found in an anaerobic granular sludge sample collected from a full-scale bioreactor treating petroleum wastewater. Experimental evidence suggested that the influent wastewater in the bioreactor contained bromomethane which support the growth of Dehalococcoides. This study demonstrated that Dehalococcoides could be employed as a promising biomarker to test the present of organohalides in wastestreams or other environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Lu
- Environmental Microbiome Research Center and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Environmental Microbiome Research Center and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- Environmental Microbiome Research Center and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Environmental Microbiome Research Center and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiome Research Center and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Pest Control and Resource Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiome Research Center and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation TechnologyGuangzhou, China
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18
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Kurt Z, Mack EE, Spain JC. Natural Attenuation of Nonvolatile Contaminants in the Capillary Fringe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10172-10178. [PMID: 27523982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When anoxic polluted groundwater encounters the overlying vadose zone an oxic/anoxic interface is created, often near the capillary fringe. Biodegradation of volatile contaminants in the capillary fringe can prevent vapor migration. In contrast, the biodegradation of nonvolatile contaminants in the vadose zone has received comparatively little attention. Nonvolatile compounds do not cause vapor intrusion, but they still move with the groundwater and are major contaminants. Aniline (AN) and diphenylamine (DPA) are examples of toxic nonvolatile contaminants found often at dye and munitions manufacturing sites. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bacteria can aerobically biodegrade AN and DPA in the capillary fringe and decrease the contaminant concentrations in the anoxic plume beneath the vadose zone. Laboratory multiport columns that represented the unsaturated zone were used to evaluate degradation of AN or DPA in contaminated water. The biodegradation fluxes of the contaminants were estimated to be 113 ± 26 mg AN·m(-2)·h(-1) and 76 ± 18 mg DPA·m(-2)·h(-1) in the presence of bacteria known to degrade AN and DPA. Oxygen and contaminant profiles along with enumeration of bacterial populations indicated that most of the biodegradation took place within the lower part of the capillary fringe. The results indicate that bacteria capable of contaminant biodegradation in the capillary fringe can create a sink for nonvolatile contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Kurt
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512, United States
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services , Calle Pullpn, Panamá, Panama
| | - E Erin Mack
- DuPont, Corporate Remediation Group, P.O. Box 6101, Glasgow 300, Newark, Delaware 19714-6101, United States
| | - Jim C Spain
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512, United States
- Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida , Pensacola, Florida 32514-5751, United States
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19
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Anaerobic Bioreactors for the Treatment of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19347-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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20
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Lai YS, Parameswaran P, Li A, Aguinaga A, Rittmann BE. Selective fermentation of carbohydrate and protein fractions ofScenedesmus, and biohydrogenation of its lipid fraction for enhanced recovery of saturated fatty acids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YenJung Sean Lai
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University; P.O. Box 875701 Tempe Arizona 85287-5701
| | - Prathap Parameswaran
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University; P.O. Box 875701 Tempe Arizona 85287-5701
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Alyssa Aguinaga
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University; P.O. Box 875701 Tempe Arizona 85287-5701
| | - Bruce E. Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University; P.O. Box 875701 Tempe Arizona 85287-5701
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21
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Mao X, Stenuit B, Polasko A, Alvarez-Cohen L. Efficient metabolic exchange and electron transfer within a syntrophic trichloroethene-degrading coculture of Dehalococcoides mccartyi 195 and Syntrophomonas wolfei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2015-24. [PMID: 25576615 PMCID: PMC4345365 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03464-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehalococcoides mccartyi 195 (strain 195) and Syntrophomonas wolfei were grown in a sustainable syntrophic coculture using butyrate as an electron donor and carbon source and trichloroethene (TCE) as an electron acceptor. The maximum dechlorination rate (9.9 ± 0.1 μmol day(-1)) and cell yield [(1.1 ± 0.3) × 10(8) cells μmol(-1) Cl(-)] of strain 195 maintained in coculture were, respectively, 2.6 and 1.6 times higher than those measured in the pure culture. The strain 195 cell concentration was about 16 times higher than that of S. wolfei in the coculture. Aqueous H2 concentrations ranged from 24 to 180 nM during dechlorination and increased to 350 ± 20 nM when TCE was depleted, resulting in cessation of butyrate fermentation by S. wolfei with a theoretical Gibbs free energy of -13.7 ± 0.2 kJ mol(-1). Carbon monoxide in the coculture was around 0.06 μmol per bottle, which was lower than that observed for strain 195 in isolation. The minimum H2 threshold value for TCE dechlorination by strain 195 in the coculture was 0.6 ± 0.1 nM. Cell aggregates during syntrophic growth were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The interspecies distances to achieve H2 fluxes required to support the measured dechlorination rates were predicted using Fick's law and demonstrated the need for aggregation. Filamentous appendages and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-like structures were present in the intercellular spaces. The transcriptome of strain 195 during exponential growth in the coculture indicated increased ATP-binding cassette transporter activities compared to the pure culture, while the membrane-bound energy metabolism related genes were expressed at stable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Benoit Stenuit
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alexandra Polasko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lisa Alvarez-Cohen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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22
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Kurt Z, Mack EE, Spain JC. Biodegradation of cis-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in the capillary fringe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13350-13357. [PMID: 25329424 DOI: 10.1021/es503071m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Volatile chlorinated compounds are major pollutants in groundwater, and they pose a risk of vapor intrusion into buildings. Vapor intrusion can be prevented by natural attenuation in the vadose zone if biodegradation mechanisms can be established. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bacteria can use cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) or vinyl chloride (VC) as an electron donor in the vadose zone. Anoxic water containing cis-DCE or VC was pumped continuously beneath laboratory columns that represented the vadose zone. Columns were inoculated with Polaromonas sp. strain JS666, which grows aerobically on cis-DCE, or with Mycobacterium sp. JS60 and Nocardiodes sp. JS614 that grow on VC. Complete biodegradation with fluxes of 84 ± 15 μmol of cis-DCE · m(-2) · hr(-1) and 218 ± 25 μmole VC·m(-2) · h(-1) within the 23 cm column indicated that microbial activities can prevent the migration of cis-DCE and VC vapors. Oxygen and volatile compound profiles along with enumeration of bacterial populations indicated that most of the biodegradation took place in the first 10 cm above the saturated zone within the capillary fringe. The results revealed that cis-DCE and VC can be biodegraded readily at the oxic/anoxic interfaces in the vadose zone if appropriate microbes are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Kurt
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512, United States
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23
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Zhou C, Ontiveros-Valencia A, Cornette de Saint Cyr L, Zevin AS, Carey SE, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. Uranium removal and microbial community in a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 64:255-264. [PMID: 25073000 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for its capacity to reduce and remove hexavalent uranium [U(VI)] from water. After a startup period that allowed slow-growing U(VI) reducers to form biofilms, the MBfR successfully achieved and maintained 94-95% U(VI) removal over 8 months when the U surface loading was 6-11 e(-) mEq/m(2)-day. The MBfR biofilm was capable of self-recovery after a disturbance due to oxygen exposure. Nanocrystalline UO2 aggregates and amorphous U precipitates were associated with vegetative cells and apparently mature spores that accumulated in the biofilm matrix. Despite inoculation with a concentrated suspension of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, this bacterium was not present in the U(VI)-reducing biofilm. Instead, the most abundant group in the biofilm community contained U(VI) reducers in the Rhodocyclaceae family when U(VI) was the only electron acceptor. When sulfate was present, the community dramatically shifted to the Clostridiaceae family, which included spores that were potentially involved in U(VI) reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Aura Ontiveros-Valencia
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, USA.
| | - Louis Cornette de Saint Cyr
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, USA; Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris, France
| | - Alexander S Zevin
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Sara E Carey
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, USA
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Miyazaki M, Sakai S, Ritalahti KM, Saito Y, Yamanaka Y, Saito Y, Tame A, Uematsu K, Löffler FE, Takai K, Imachi H. Sphaerochaeta multiformis sp. nov., an anaerobic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from subseafloor sediment, and emended description of the genus Sphaerochaeta. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:4147-4154. [PMID: 25249566 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.068148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An anaerobic, psychrophilic bacterium, strain MO-SPC2(T), was isolated from a methanogenic microbial community in a continuous-flow bioreactor that was established from subseafloor sediments collected from off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan in the north-western Pacific Ocean. Cells were pleomorphic: spherical, annular, curved rod, helical and coccoid cell morphologies were observed. Motility only occurred in helical cells. Strain MO-SPC2(T) grew at 0-17 °C (optimally at 9 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimally at pH 6.8-7.2) and in 20-40 g NaCl l(-1) (optimally at 20-30 NaCl l(-1)). The strain grew chemo-organotrophically with mono-, di- and polysaccharides. The major end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The abundant polar lipids of strain MO-SPC2(T) were phosphatidylglycolipids, phospholipids and glycolipids. The major cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω9. Isoprenoid quinones were not detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 32.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain MO-SPC2(T) was affiliated with the genus Sphaerochaeta within the phylum Spirochaetes, and its closest relatives were Sphaerochaeta pleomorpha Grapes(T) (88.4 % sequence identity), Sphaerochaeta globosa Buddy(T) (86.7 %) and Sphaerochaeta coccoides SPN1(T) (85.4 %). Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic traits, strain MO-SPC2(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphaerochaeta, for which the name Sphaerochaeta multiformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MO-SPC2(T) ( = JCM 17281(T) = DSM 23952(T)). An emended description of the genus Sphaerochaeta is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Miyazaki
- Department of Subsurface Geobiology Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Sanae Sakai
- Department of Subsurface Geobiology Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Kirsti M Ritalahti
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JIBS) and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.,Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yayoi Saito
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.,Department of Subsurface Geobiology Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamanaka
- Department of Subsurface Geobiology Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yumi Saito
- Department of Subsurface Geobiology Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tame
- Section 1 Geochemical Oceanography, Office of Marine Research Department of Marine Science, Marine Works Japan Ltd, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Uematsu
- Section 1 Geochemical Oceanography, Office of Marine Research Department of Marine Science, Marine Works Japan Ltd, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Frank E Löffler
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JIBS) and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.,Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ken Takai
- Department of Subsurface Geobiology Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imachi
- Department of Subsurface Geobiology Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
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25
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Karataş S, Hasar H, Taşkan E, Özkaya B, Şahinkaya E. Bio-reduction of tetrachloroethen using a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor and community fingerprinting. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 58:21-28. [PMID: 24731873 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated ethenes in drinking water could be reductively dechlorinated to non-toxic ethene by using a hydrogen based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) under denitrifying conditions as it provides an appropriate environment for dechlorinating bacteria in biofilm communities. This study evaluates the reductive dechlorination of perchloroethene (PCE) to non-toxic ethene (ETH) and comparative community analysis of the biofilm grown on the gas permeable membrane fibers. For these purposes, three H2-MBfRs receiving three different chlorinated ethenes (PCE, TCE and DCE) were operated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and H2 pressures. Among these reactors, the H2-MBfR fed with PCE (H2-MBfR 1) accomplished a complete dechlorination, whereas cis-DCE accumulated in the TCE receiving H2-MBfR 2 and no dechlorination was detected in the DCE receiving H2-MBfR 3. The results showed that 95% of PCE dechlorinated to ETH together with over 99.8% dechlorination efficiency. Nitrate was the preferred electron acceptor as the most of electrons generated from H2 oxidation used for denitrification and dechlorination started under nitrate deficient conditions at increased H2 pressures. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that Dehalococcoides were present in autotrophic biofilm community dechlorinating PCE to ethene, and RDase genes analysis revealed that pceA, tceA, bvcA and vcrA, responsible for complete dechlorination step, were available in Dehalococcoides strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Halil Hasar
- Fırat University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 23119 Elazığ, Turkey.
| | - Ergin Taşkan
- Fırat University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 23119 Elazığ, Turkey.
| | - Bestamin Özkaya
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Şahinkaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Bioengineering, İstanbul, Turkey.
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Applications of biofilms in bioremediation and biotransformation of persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals/personal care products, and heavy metals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9909-21. [PMID: 24150788 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the strategies being employed to exploit the inherent durability of biofilms and the diverse nutrient cycling of the microbiome for bioremediation are explored. Focus will be given to halogenated compounds, hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products as well as some heavy metals and toxic minerals, as these groups represent the majority of priority pollutants. For decades, industrial processes have been creating waste all around the world, resulting in contaminated sediments and subsequent, far-reaching dispersal into aquatic environments. As persistent pollutants have accumulated and are still being created and disposed, the incentive to find suitable and more efficient solutions to effectively detoxify the environment is even greater. Indigenous bacterial communities are capable of metabolizing persistent organic pollutants and oxidizing heavy metal contaminants. However, their low abundance and activity in the environment, difficulties accessing the contaminant or nutrient limitations in the environment all prevent the processes from occurring as quickly as desired and thus reaching the proposed clean-up goals. Biofilm communities provide among other things a beneficial structure, possibility for nutrient, and genetic exchange to participating microorganisms as well as protection from the surrounding environment concerning for instance predation and chemical and shear stresses. Biofilms can also be utilized in other ways as biomarkers for monitoring of stream water quality from for instance mine drainage. The durability and structure of biofilms together with the diverse array of structural and metabolic characteristics make these communities attractive actors in biofilm-mediated remediation solutions and ecosystem monitoring.
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27
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Ontiveros-Valencia A, Tang Y, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. Perchlorate reduction from a highly contaminated groundwater in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a hydrogen-fed biofilm. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:3139-47. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aura Ontiveros-Valencia
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; 1001 South McAllister Ave. Tempe Arizona 85287-5701
- School of Sustainability; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| | - Youneng Tang
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; 1001 South McAllister Ave. Tempe Arizona 85287-5701
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; 1001 South McAllister Ave. Tempe Arizona 85287-5701
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| | - Bruce E. Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; 1001 South McAllister Ave. Tempe Arizona 85287-5701
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
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28
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Li H, Zhang Z, Xu X, Liang J, Xia S. Bioreduction of para-chloronitrobenzene in a hydrogen-based hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor: effects of nitrate and sulfate. Biodegradation 2013; 25:205-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-013-9652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Kurt Z, Spain JC. Biodegradation of chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene in the vadose zone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6846-6854. [PMID: 23473240 DOI: 10.1021/es3049465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Much of the microbial activity in nature takes place at interfaces, which are often associated with redox discontinuities. One example is the oxic/anoxic interface where polluted groundwater interacts with the overlying vadose zone. We tested whether microbes in the vadose zone can use synthetic chemicals as electron donors and thus protect the overlying air and buildings from groundwater pollutants. Samples from the vadose zone of a site contaminated with chlorobenzene (CB), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (12DCB), and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (14DCB) were packed in a multiport column to simulate the interface of the vadose zone with an underlying groundwater plume. A mixture of CB, 12DCB, and 14DCB in anoxic water was pumped continuously through the bottom of column to an outlet below the first sampling port to create an oxic/anoxic interface and a capillary fringe. Removal to below the detection limits by rapid biodegradation with rates of 21 ± 1 mg of CB • m(-2) • d(-1), 3.7 ± 0.5 mg of 12DCB • m(-2) • d(-1), and 7.4 ± 0.7 mg of 1.4 DCB • m(-2) • d(-1) indicated that natural attenuation in the capillary fringe can prevent the migration of CB, 12DCB, and 14DCB vapors. Enumeration of bacteria capable of degrading chlorobenzenes suggested that most of the biodegradation takes place within the first 10 cm above the saturated zone. Biodegradation also increased the upward flux of contaminants and thus enhanced their elimination from the underlying water. The results revealed a substantial biodegradation capacity for chlorinated aromatic compounds at the oxic/anoxic interface and illustrate the role of microbes in creating steep redox gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Kurt
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512, United States
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30
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Ontiveros-Valencia A, Ilhan ZE, Kang DW, Rittmann B, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Phylogenetic analysis of nitrate- and sulfate-reducing bacteria in a hydrogen-fed biofilm. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 85:158-67. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dae-Wook Kang
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; Tempe; AZ; USA
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31
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Ziv-El M, Kalinowski T, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Halden RU. Simultaneous determination of chlorinated ethenes and ethene in groundwater using headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:137-42. [PMID: 23377651 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Widespread contamination of groundwater by chlorinated ethenes and their biological dechlorination products necessitates the reliable monitoring of liquid matrices; current methods approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) require a minimum of 5 mL of sample volume and cannot simultaneously detect all transformative products. This paper reports on the simultaneous detection of six chlorinated ethenes and ethene itself, using a liquid sample volume of 1 mL by concentrating the compounds onto an 85-µm carboxen-polydimenthylsiloxane solid-phase microextraction fiber in 5 min and subsequent chromatographic analysis in 9.15 min. Linear increases in signal response were obtained over three orders of magnitude (∼0.05 to ∼50 µM) for simultaneous analysis with coefficient of determination (R(2)) values of ≥ 0.99. The detection limits of the method (1.3-6 µg/L) were at or below the maximum contaminant levels specified by the EPA. Matrix spike studies with groundwater and mineral medium showed recovery rates between 79-108%. The utility of the method was demonstrated in lab-scale sediment flow-through columns assessing the bioremediation potential of chlorinated ethene-contaminated groundwater. Owing to its low sample volume requirements, good sensitivity and broad target analyte range, the method is suitable for routine compliance monitoring and is particularly attractive for interpreting the bench-scale feasibility studies that are commonly performed during the remedial design stage of groundwater cleanup projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ziv-El
- 1Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701
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32
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Martin KJ, Nerenberg R. The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for water and wastewater treatment: principles, applications, and recent developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 122:83-94. [PMID: 22541953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), an emerging technology for water and wastewater treatment, is based on pressurized membranes that supply a gaseous substrate to a biofilm formed on the membrane's exterior. MBfR biofilms behave differently from conventional biofilms due to the counter-diffusion of substrates. MBfRs are uniquely suited for numerous treatment applications, including the removal of carbon and nitrogen when oxygen is supplied, and reduction of oxidized contaminants when hydrogen is supplied. Major benefits include high gas utilization efficiency, low energy consumption, and small reactor footprints. The first commercial MBfR was recently released, and its success may lead to the scale-up of other applications. MBfR development still faces challenges, including biofilm management, the design of scalable reactor configurations, and the identification of cost-effective membranes. If future research and development continue to address these issues, the MBfR may play a key role in the next generation of sustainable treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Martin
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Tang Y, Zhou C, Van Ginkel SW, Ontiveros-Valencia A, Shin J, Rittmann BE. Hydrogen permeability of the hollow fibers used in H2-based membrane biofilm reactors. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Ziv-El M, Popat SC, Parameswaran P, Kang DW, Polasko A, Halden RU, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Using electron balances and molecular techniques to assess trichoroethene-induced shifts to a dechlorinating microbial community. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2230-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Ziv-El M, Popat SC, Cai K, Halden RU, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. Managing methanogens and homoacetogens to promote reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene with direct delivery of H2 in a membrane biofilm reactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2200-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Xia S, Li H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yang X, Jia R, Xie K, Xu X. Bioreduction of para-chloronitrobenzene in drinking water using a continuous stirred hydrogen-based hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:593-598. [PMID: 21715088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
para-Chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) is particularly harmful and persistent in the environment and is one of the priority pollutants. A feasible degradation pathway for p-CNB is bioreduction under anaerobic conditions. Bioreduction of p-CNB using a hydrogen-based hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor (HFMBfR) was investigated in the present study. The experiment results revealed that p-CNB was firstly reduced to para-chloraniline (p-CAN) as an intermediate and then reduced to aniline that involves nitro reduction and reductive dechlorination with H(2) as the electron donor. The HFMBfR had reduced p-CNB to a major extent with a maximum removal percentage of 99.3% at an influent p-CNB concentration of 2mg/L and a hydraulic residence time of 4.8h, which corresponded to a p-CNB flux of 0.058g/m(2) d. The H(2) availability, p-CNB loading, and the presence of competing electron acceptors affected the p-CNB reduction. Flux analysis indicated that the reduction of p-CNB and p-CAN could consume fewer electrons than that of nitrate and sulfate. The HFMBfR had high average hydrogen utilization efficiencies at different steady states in this experiment, with a maximum efficiency at 98.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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37
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Kim HW, Marcus AK, Shin JH, Rittmann BE. Advanced control for photoautotrophic growth and CO2-utilization efficiency using a membrane carbonation photobioreactor (MCPBR). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:5032-5038. [PMID: 21557590 DOI: 10.1021/es104235v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A membrane carbonation (MC) module uses bubbleless gas-transfer membranes to supply inorganic carbon (C(i)) for photoautotrophic cyanobacterial growth in a photobioreactor (PBR); this creates the novel MCPBR system, which allows precise control of the CO(2)-delivery rate and minimal loss of CO(2) to the atmosphere. Experiments controlled the supply rate of C(i) to the main PBR by regulating the recirculation rate (Q(R)) between the module of MC chamber and the main PBR. The experiments evaluated how Q(R) controls the CO(2) mass transport in MC chamber and how it connects with the biomass production rate, C(i) concentration, pH in the PBR, and CO(2)-utilization efficiency. The biomass production rate and C(i) concentration increased in response to the C(i) supply rate (controlled by Q(R)), but not in linear proportion. The biomass production rate increased less than C(i) due to increased light limitation. Except for the highest Q(R), when the higher C(i) concentration caused the pH to decrease, CO(2) loss to gas ventilation was negligible. The results demonstrate that this MCPBR offers independent control over the growth of photoautotrophic biomass, pH control, and minimal loss of CO(2) to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, USA
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38
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Popat SC, Deshusses MA. Kinetics and inhibition of reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in a continuously fed anaerobic biofilm reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:1569-1578. [PMID: 21222479 DOI: 10.1021/es102858t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic bioreactors containing Dehalococcoides spp. can be effective for the treatment of trichloroethene (TCE) contamination. However, reductive dehalogenation of TCE often results in partial conversion to harmless ethene, and significant production of undesired cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) is frequently observed. Here, a detailed modeling study was conducted focusing on the determination of biokinetic constants for the dechlorination of TCE and its reductive dechlorination intermediates cis-DCE and VC as well as any biokinetic inhibition that may exist between these compounds. Dechlorination data from an anaerobic biotrickling filter containing Dehalococcoides spp. fed with single compounds (TCE, cis-DCE, or VC) were fitted to the model to determine biokinetic constants. Experiments with multiple compounds were used to determine inhibition between the compounds. It was found that the Michaelis-Menten half-saturation constants for all compounds were higher than for cells grown in suspended cultures, indicating a lower enzyme affinity in biofilm cells. It was also observed that TCE competitively inhibited the dechlorination of cis-DCE and had a mild detrimental effect on the dechlorination of VC. Thus, careful selection of biotreatment conditions, possibly with the help of a model such as the one presented herein, is required to minimize the production of partially dechlorinated intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep C Popat
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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39
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Zhang H, Ziv-El M, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Effect of dechlorination and sulfate reduction on the microbial community structure in denitrifying membrane-biofilm reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5159-5164. [PMID: 20524654 DOI: 10.1021/es100695n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that the chlorinated solvents trichloroethene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and chloroform (CF) were reductively dehalogenated in a H(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) under denitrifying conditions. Here, we describe a detailed phylogenetic characterization of MBfR biofilm communities having distinctly different metabolic functions with respect to electron-acceptor reduction. Using massively parallel pyrosequencing of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we detected 312, 592, and 639 operational taxonomic units (OTU) in biofilms of three MBfRs that reduced nitrate; nitrate and TCE; or nitrate, sulfate, and all three chlorinated solvents. Comparative community analysis revealed that 13% of the OTUs were shared by all MBfRs, regardless of the feed, but 65% were unique to one MBfR. Pyrosequencing and real-time quantitative PCR showed that Dehalococcoides were markedly enriched in the TCE+nitrate biofilm. The input of a mixture of three chlorinated compounds, which coincided with the onset of sulfate reduction, led to a more diverse community that included sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio) and nitrate-reducing bacteria (Geothrix and Pseudomonas). Our results suggest that chlorinated solvents, as additional electron acceptors to nitrate and sulfate, increased microbial diversity by allowing bacteria with special metabolic capabilities to grow in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husen Zhang
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
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Maphosa F, Smidt H, de Vos WM, Röling WFM. Microbial community- and metabolite dynamics of an anoxic dechlorinating bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:4884-4890. [PMID: 20540543 DOI: 10.1021/es903721s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and quantification of organohalide respiring bacteria is essential for optimization of on-site bioremediation of anoxic subsurface sites contaminated with chloroethenes. Molecular monitoring and model simulations were applied to determine degradation performance of an in situ dechlorinating bioreactor and its influence on the contamination plume. Dehalococcoides was the dominant dechlorinating microorganism as revealed by qPCR targeting 16S rRNA- and chloroethene reductive dehalogenase-encoding genes (tceA, vcrA, bvcA). The presence of all three reductive dehalogenases genes indicated coexistence of several distinct organohalide respiring bacterial populations in the bioreactor and groundwater. Mass balancing revealed that main dechlorinating activities were reduction of cis-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride. Analysis of growth kinetics showed that when performance of the bioreactor improved due to especially the addition of molasses, dechlorinating microorganisms were growing close to their maximum growth rate. Once near-complete dehalogenation was achieved, Dehalococcoides only grew slowly and population density did not further increase. The bioreactor influenced dechlorinating populations in the plume with subsequent decrease in chlorinated compound concentrations over time. In the present study, a combination of molecular diagnostics with mass-balancing and kinetic modeling improved insight into organohalide respiring bacteria and metabolite dynamics in an in situ dechlorinating bioreactor and showed its utility in monitoring bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farai Maphosa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Xia S, Zhong F, Zhang Y, Li H, Yang X. Bio-reduction of nitrate from groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:257-262. [PMID: 20397415 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) using H2 as electron donor was investigated to remove nitrate from groundwater. When nitrate was first introduced to the MBfR, denitrification took place on the shell side of the membranes immediately, and the effluent concentration of nitrate continuously decreased with 100% removal rate on day 45 under the influent nitrate concentration of 5 mg NO3- -N/L, which described the acclimating and enriching process of autohydrogenotrophic denitrification bacteria. A series of short-term experiments were applied to investigate the effects of hydrogen pressures and nitrate loadings on denitrification. The results showed that nitrate reduction rate improved as H2 pressure increasing, and over 97% of total nitrogen removal rate was achieved when the nitrate loading increased from 0.17 to 0.34 g NO3- -N/(m2 x day) without nitrite accumulation. The maximum denitrification rate was 384 g N/(m3 x day). Partial sulfate reduction, which occurred in parallel to nitrate reduction, was inhibited by denitrififcation due to the competition for H2. This research showed that MBfR is effective for removing nitrate from the contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Taş N, van Eekert MHA, de Vos WM, Smidt H. The little bacteria that can - diversity, genomics and ecophysiology of 'Dehalococcoides' spp. in contaminated environments. Microb Biotechnol 2009; 3:389-402. [PMID: 21255338 PMCID: PMC3815806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate and persistence of chlorinated organics in the environment have been a concern for the past 50 years. Industrialization and extensive agricultural activities have led to the accumulation of these pollutants in the environment, while their adverse impact on various ecosystems and human health also became evident. This review provides an update on the current knowledge of specialized anaerobic bacteria, namely ‘Dehalococcoides’ spp., which are dedicated to the transformation of various chlorinated organic compounds via reductive dechlorination. Advances in microbiology and molecular techniques shed light into the diversity and functioning of Dehalococcoides spp. in several different locations. Recent genome sequencing projects revealed a large number of genes that are potentially involved in reductive dechlorination. Molecular approaches towards analysis of diversity and expression especially of reductive dehalogenase‐encoding genes are providing a growing body of knowledge on biodegradative pathways active in defined pure and mixed cultures as well as directly in the environment. Moreover, several successful field cases of bioremediation strengthen the notion of dedicated degraders such as Dehalococcoides spp. as key players in the restoration of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Taş
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Mu Y, Rabaey K, Rozendal RA, Yuan Z, Keller J. Decolorization of azo dyes in bioelectrochemical systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5137-5143. [PMID: 19673319 DOI: 10.1021/es900057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are ubiquitously used in the textile industry. These dyes need to be removed from the effluent prior to discharge to sewage due to their intense color and toxicity. In this study we investigated the use of a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to abioticlly cathodic decolorization of a model azo dye, Acid Orange 7 (AO7), where the process was driven by microbial oxidation of acetate atthe anode. Effective decolorization of AO7 at rates up to 264 +/- 0.03 mol m(-3) NCC d(-1) (net cathodic compartment, NCC) was achieved at the cathode, with concomitant energy recovery. The AO7 decolorization rate was significantly enhanced when the BES was supplied with power, reaching 13.18 +/- 0.05 mol m(-3) NCC d(-1) at an energy consumption 0.012 +/- 0.001 kWh mol(-1) AO7 (at a controlled cathode potential of -400 mV vs SHE). Compared with conventional anaerobic biological methods, the required dosage of organic cosubstrate was significantly reduced in the BES. A possible cathodic reaction mechanism for the decolorization of AO7 is suggested based on the decolorization products identified: the azo bond of AO7 was cleaved at the cathode, resulting in the formation of the colorless sulfanilic acid and 1-amino-2-naphthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Ziv-El MC, Rittmann BE. Systematic evaluation of nitrate and perchlorate bioreduction kinetics in groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:173-181. [PMID: 18951606 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the simultaneous reduction kinetics of the oxidized compounds, we treated nitrate-contaminated groundwater (approximately 9.4 mg-N/L) containing low concentrations of perchlorate (approximately 12.5 microg/L) and saturated with dissolved oxygen (approximately 8 mg/L) in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). We systematically increased the hydrogen availability and simultaneously varied the surface loading of the oxidized compounds on the biofilm in order to provide a comprehensive, quantitative data set with which to evaluate the relationship between electron donor (H(2)) availability, surface loading of the electron acceptors (oxidized compounds), and simultaneous bioreduction of the electron acceptors. Increasing the H(2) pressure delivered more H(2) gas, and the total H(2) flux increased linearly from approximately 0.04 mg/cm(2)-d for 0.5 psig (0.034 atm) to 0.13 mg/cm(2)-d for 9.5 psig (0.65 atm). This increased rate of H(2) delivery allowed for continued reduction of the acceptors as their surface loading increased. The electron acceptors had a clear hydrogen-utilization order when the availability of hydrogen was limited: oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, and then perchlorate. Spiking the influent with perchlorate or nitrate allowed us to identify the maximum surface loadings that still achieved more than 99.5% reduction of both oxidized contaminants: 0.21 mg NO(3)-N/cm(2)-d and 3.4 microg ClO(4)/cm(2)-d. Both maximum values appear to be controlled by factors other than hydrogen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal C Ziv-El
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5801, USA.
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