1
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Yassine H, Weber C, Eberhardt A, El-Safoury M, Wöllenstein J, Schmitt K. Detection of SO 2F 2 Using a Photoacoustic Two-Chamber Approach. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:191. [PMID: 38203053 PMCID: PMC10781292 DOI: 10.3390/s24010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The wide use of sulfuryl difluoride (SO2F2) for termite control in buildings, warehouses and shipping containers requires the implementation of suitable sensors for reliable detection. SO2F2 is highly toxic to humans and the environment, and moreover, it is a potent greenhouse gas. We developed two photoacoustic two-chamber sensors with the aim to detect two different concentration ranges, 0-1 vol.-% SO2F2 and 0-100 ppm SO2F2, so that different applications can be targeted: the sensor for high concentrations for the effective treatment of buildings, containers, etc., and the sensor for low concentrations as personal safety device. Photoacoustic detectors were designed, fabricated, and then filled with either pure SO2F2 or pure substituent gas, the refrigerant R227ea, to detect SO2F2. Absorption cells with optical path lengths of 50 mm and 1.6 m were built for both concentration ranges. The sensitivity to SO2F2 as well as cross-sensitivities to CO2 and H2O were measured. The results show that concentrations below 1 ppm SO2F2 can be reliably detected, and possible cross-sensitivities can be effectively compensated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yassine
- Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.E.); (M.E.-S.)
| | - Andre Eberhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.E.); (M.E.-S.)
| | - Mahmoud El-Safoury
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.E.); (M.E.-S.)
| | - Jürgen Wöllenstein
- Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.E.); (M.E.-S.)
| | - Katrin Schmitt
- Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.E.); (M.E.-S.)
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2
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Zhang GF, Han LJ, Guan CF, Ding CR. SO 2F 2-Mediated Fluorination of P(O)-H and P(O)-OH Compounds under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13142-13148. [PMID: 37654092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing relevance of organophosphorus fluorine compounds in the pharmaceutical industry, their synthesis has attracted great attention. Herein, we report an efficient fluorination strategy for P(O)-H and P(O)-OH compounds using sulfuryl fluoride as the fluorination reagent. Avoiding the use of expensive or complex prepreparation reagents for fluoridation, this strategy could conveniently construct a variety of fluorophosphonates and phosphonofluoridates under mild conditions and without additional oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Jun Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Fei Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Rong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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3
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Audet F, Donnard M, Panossian A, Bernier D, Pazenok S, Leroux FR. New Chemical Transformations Involving SO 2 F 2 -Mediated Alcohol Activation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300107. [PMID: 37236146 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuryl fluoride is a gas produced on a multi-ton scale for its use as a fumigant. In the last decades, it has gained interest in organic synthesis as a reagent with unique properties in terms of stability and reactivity when compared to other sulfur-based reagents. Sulfuryl fluoride has not only been used for sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry but also encountered applications in classic organic synthesis as an efficient activator of both alcohols and phenols, forming a triflate surrogate, namely a fluorosulfonate. A long-standing industrial collaboration in our research group drove our work on the sulfuryl fluoride-mediated transformations that will be highlighted below. We will first describe recent works on metal-catalyzed transformations from aryl fluorosulfonates while emphasizing the one-pot processes from phenol derivatives. In a second section, nucleophilic substitution reactions on polyfluoroalkyl alcohols will be discussed and the value of polyfluoroalkyl fluorosulfonates in comparison to alternative triflate and halide reagents will be brought to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Audet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgan Donnard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Bernier
- Bayer S.A.S., 14 impasse Pierre Baizet, 69263, Lyon, France
| | - Sergii Pazenok
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred Nobel Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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4
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Chen XL, Qin HL. Synthesis of aliphatic nitriles from cyclobutanone oxime mediated by sulfuryl fluoride (SO 2F 2). Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:901-908. [PMID: 37377774 PMCID: PMC10291241 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A SO2F2-mediated ring-opening cross-coupling of cyclobutanone oxime derivatives with alkenes was developed for the construction of a range of δ-olefin-containing aliphatic nitriles with (E)-configuration selectivity. This new method features wide substrate scope, mild conditions, and direct N-O activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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5
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Pedersen S, Batista GMF, Henriksen ML, Hammershøj HC, Hopmann KH, Skrydstrup T. Lignocellulose Conversion via Catalytic Transformations Yields Methoxyterephthalic Acid Directly from Sawdust. JACS AU 2023; 3:1221-1229. [PMID: 37124285 PMCID: PMC10131214 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) polyester represents the most common class of thermoplastic polymers widely used in the textile, bottling, and packaging industries. Terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, both of petrochemical origin, are polymerized to yield the polyester. However, an earlier report suggests that polymerization of methoxyterephthalic acid with ethylene glycol provides a methoxy-polyester with similar properties. Currently, there are no established biobased synthetic routes toward the methoxyterephthalic acid monomer. Here, we show a viable route to the dicarboxylic acid from various tree species involving three catalytic steps. We demonstrate that sawdust can be converted to valuable aryl nitrile intermediates through hydrogenolysis, followed by an efficient fluorosulfation-catalytic cyanation sequence (>90%) and then converted to methoxyterephthalic acid by hydrolysis and oxidation. A preliminary polymerization result indicates a methoxy-polyester with acceptable thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
S. Pedersen
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus
University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gabriel M. F. Batista
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus
University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin L. Henriksen
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University; Aabogade
40, 8200 Aarhus
N, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian
D. Hammershøj
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus
University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kathrin H. Hopmann
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus
University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Yassine H, Weber C, Brugger N, Wöllenstein J, Schmitt K. Towards a Miniaturized Photoacoustic Detector for the Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of SO 2F 2 and Refrigerants. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:180. [PMID: 36616778 PMCID: PMC9824166 DOI: 10.3390/s23010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) is a toxic and potent greenhouse gas that is currently widely used as a fumigant insecticide in houses, food, and shipping containers. Though it poses a major hazard to humans, its detection is still carried out manually and only on a random basis. In this paper, we present a two-chamber photoacoustic approach for continuous SO2F2 sensing. Because of the high toxicity of SO2F2, the concept is to use a non-toxic substituent gas with similar absorption characteristics in the photoacoustic detector chamber, i.e., to measure SO2F2 indirectly. The refrigerants R227ea, R125, R134a, and propene were identified as possible substituents using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The resulting infrared spectra were used to simulate the sensitivity of the substituents of a photoacoustic sensor to SO2F2 in different concentration ranges and at different optical path lengths. The simulations showed that R227ea has the highest sensitivity to SO2F2 among the substituents and is therefore a promising substituent detector gas. Simulations concerning the possible cross-sensitivity of the photoacoustic detectors to H2O and CO2 were also performed. These results are the first step towards the development of a miniaturized, sensitive, and cost-effective photoacoustic sensor system for SO2F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yassine
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brugger
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wöllenstein
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schmitt
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Yang S, Li H, Yu X, An J, Szostak M. Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Aryl Fluorosulfonates Mediated by Air- and Moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl] 2 Precatalysts: Broad Platform for C–O Cross-Coupling of Stable Phenolic Electrophiles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15250-15260. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Hengzhao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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8
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Zhang G, Luo Z, Wang H, Deng L, Ding C. SO
2
F
2
Promoted Deoxygenhalogenation from Alcohols: A Practical Method for Preparing Halides. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- Department College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Zijin Luo
- Department College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Linfang Deng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- Department College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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9
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Zhang G, Wang H, Wu W, Fan Q, Ding C. SO
2
F
2
‐Promoted Dehydroxylative Fluorination of Alcohols. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- Department College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Zhejiang Jitai New Materials Co. Ltd. Shao Xing Shi, Shangyu 312369 P. R. China
| | - Qiankun Fan
- Department College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- Department College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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10
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Song X, He Y, Wang B, Peng S, Pan X, Wei M, Liu Q, Qin HL, Tang H. Synthesis of aryl sulfonyl fluorides from aryl sulfonyl chlorides using sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) as fluoride provider. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Room temperature clickable coupling electron deficient amines with sterically hindered carboxylic acids for the construction of amides. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Hodnebrog Ø, Aamaas B, Fuglestvedt JS, Marston G, Myhre G, Nielsen CJ, Sandstad M, Shine KP, Wallington TJ. Updated Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Other Weak Atmospheric Absorbers. REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1985) 2020; 58:e2019RG000691. [PMID: 33015672 PMCID: PMC7518032 DOI: 10.1029/2019rg000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Human activity has led to increased atmospheric concentrations of many gases, including halocarbons, and may lead to emissions of many more gases. Many of these gases are, on a per molecule basis, powerful greenhouse gases, although at present-day concentrations their climate effect is in the so-called weak limit (i.e., their effect scales linearly with concentration). We published a comprehensive review of the radiative efficiencies (RE) and global warming potentials (GWP) for around 200 such compounds in 2013 (Hodnebrog et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/rog.20013). Here we present updated RE and GWP values for compounds where experimental infrared absorption spectra are available. Updated numbers are based on a revised "Pinnock curve", which gives RE as a function of wave number, and now also accounts for stratospheric temperature adjustment (Shine & Myhre, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001951). Further updates include the implementation of around 500 absorption spectra additional to those in the 2013 review and new atmospheric lifetimes from the literature (mainly from WMO (2019)). In total, values for 60 of the compounds previously assessed are based on additional absorption spectra, and 42 compounds have REs which differ by >10% from our previous assessment. New RE calculations are presented for more than 400 compounds in addition to the previously assessed compounds, and GWP calculations are presented for a total of around 250 compounds. Present-day radiative forcing due to halocarbons and other weak absorbers is 0.38 [0.33-0.43] W m-2, compared to 0.36 [0.32-0.40] W m-2 in IPCC AR5 (Myhre et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.018), which is about 18% of the current CO2 forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ø Hodnebrog
- Center for International Climate Research (CICERO) Oslo Norway
| | - B Aamaas
- Center for International Climate Research (CICERO) Oslo Norway
| | - J S Fuglestvedt
- Center for International Climate Research (CICERO) Oslo Norway
| | - G Marston
- Vice-Chancellor's Office Northumbria University Newcastle UK
| | - G Myhre
- Center for International Climate Research (CICERO) Oslo Norway
| | - C J Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - M Sandstad
- Center for International Climate Research (CICERO) Oslo Norway
| | - K P Shine
- Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK
| | - T J Wallington
- Research and Advanced Eng. Ford Motor Company Dearborn MI USA
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13
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Wang SM, Zhao C, Zhang X, Qin HL. Clickable coupling of carboxylic acids and amines at room temperature mediated by SO 2F 2: a significant breakthrough for the construction of amides and peptide linkages. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:4087-4101. [PMID: 30957817 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00699k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The construction of amide bonds and peptide linkages is one of the most fundamental transformations in all life processes and organic synthesis. The synthesis of structurally ubiquitous amide motifs is essential in the assembly of numerous important molecules such as peptides, proteins, alkaloids, pharmaceutical agents, polymers, ligands and agrochemicals. A method of SO2F2-mediated direct clickable coupling of carboxylic acids with amines was developed for the synthesis of a broad scope of amides in a simple, mild, highly efficient, robust and practical manner (>110 examples, >90% yields in most cases). The direct click reactions of acids and amines on a gram scale are also demonstrated using an extremely easy work-up and purification process of washing with 1 M aqueous HCl to provide the desired amides in greater than 99% purity and excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
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14
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Demaerel J, Veryser C, De Borggraeve WM. Ex situ gas generation for lab scale organic synthesis. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses recent examples of ex situ generated gaseous reagents, and their use in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Demaerel
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Cedrick Veryser
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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15
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Fang WY, Zha GF, Qin HL. Making Carbonyls of Amides Nucleophilic and Hydroxyls of Alcohols Electrophilic Mediated by SO2F2 for Synthesis of Esters from Amides. Org Lett 2019; 21:8657-8661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Feng Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang G, Zhao Y, Ding C. A cascade process for directly converting nitriles (RCN) to cyanamides (RNHCN) via SO 2F 2-activated Tiemann rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7684-7688. [PMID: 31393502 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01547g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple, mild and practical process for the direct conversion of nitriles to cyanamides was newly discovered and exhibited a wide substrate scope as well as great functional group-tolerability (36 examples). In this efficient strategy, the in situ generated amidoximes obtained from the reaction of nitriles with hydroxylamine subsequently underwent Tiemann rearrangement, producing the corresponding cyanamides with great isolated yields under SO2F2. Additionally, the control experiments reportedly shed light on the tentative mechanism involved in the formation and elimination of the key intermediate: a sulfonyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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17
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Liu J, Wang SM, Alharbi NS, Qin HL. Installation of -SO 2F groups onto primary amides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1907-1912. [PMID: 31467612 PMCID: PMC6693406 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol of SO2F2-mediated installation of sulfonyl fluoride onto primary amides has been developed providing a new portal to sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry. The generated molecules contain pharmaceutically important amide and -SO2F moieties for application in the discovery of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shi-Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Njud S Alharbi
- Biotechnology Research group, Deportment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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18
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A SO2F2 mediated mild, practical, and gram-scale dehydroxylative transforming primary alcohols to quaternary ammonium salts. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Zhang G, Zhao Y, Xuan L, Ding C. SO2
F2
-Activated Efficient Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes for Accessing Amides and Lactams. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lidi Xuan
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
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20
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Lekkala R, Lekkala R, Moku B, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. SO 2F 2-mediated transformation of 2'-hydroxyacetophenones to benzo-oxetes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:976-980. [PMID: 31164935 PMCID: PMC6541378 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free novel and efficient methodology for the challenging synthesis of benzo-oxetes from 2'-hydroxyacetophenones mediated by sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) gas has been realized. The combination of 2'-hydroxyacetophenones and SO2F2 furnishes synthetically challenging benzo-oxetanes in moderate to excellent yields. The highlight of this work is the design and synthesis of strained four-membered oxete rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Lekkala
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ravindar Lekkala
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Balakrishna Moku
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - K P Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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21
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Jiang Y, Sun B, Fang WY, Qin HL. A Transition-Metal-Free One-Pot Cascade Process for Transformation of Primary Alcohols (RCH2
OH) to Nitriles (RCN) Mediated by SO2
F2. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road 430070 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road 430070 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road 430070 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road 430070 Wuhan P. R. China
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22
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Zha G, Fang W, Leng J, Qin H. A Simple, Mild and General Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones by SO
2
F
2
/K
2
CO
3
Using DMSO as Solvent and Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao‐Feng Zha
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Wan‐Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Leng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua‐Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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23
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Fang WY, Qin HL. Cascade Process for Direct Transformation of Aldehydes (RCHO) to Nitriles (RCN) Using Inorganic Reagents NH 2OH/Na 2CO 3/SO 2F 2 in DMSO. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5803-5812. [PMID: 30868885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, mild, and practical process for direct conversion of aldehydes to nitriles was developed feathering a wide substrate scope and great functional group tolerability (52 examples, over 90% yield in most cases) using inorganic reagents (NH2OH/Na2CO3/SO2F2) in DMSO. This method allows for transformations of readily available, inexpensive, and abundant aldehydes to highly valuable nitriles in a pot, atom, and step-economical manner without transition metals. This protocol will serve as a robust tool for the installation of cyano-moieties to complicated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , 205 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , 205 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
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24
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Zhang X, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Transition-metal-free regioselective construction of 1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles through dehydrative cycloaddition of alcohols with aryl azides mediated by SO 2F 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2845-2848. [PMID: 30768105 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple and practical method for mild, efficient, cost-effective and regioselective synthesis of highly valuable 1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles was achieved through dehydrative annulation of readily available alcohols with aryl azides. The reaction proceeded at room temperature, without any metal catalysts, exhibiting excellent compatibility to a large variety of functional groups (>50 examples), resulting in up to quantitative yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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25
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Zhang X, Moku B, Leng J, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. 2-Azidoethane-1-sulfonylfluoride (ASF): A VersatileBis-clickable Reagent for SuFEx and CuAAC Click Reactions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Balakrishna Moku
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - K. P. Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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26
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Zhao C, Zha GF, Fang WY, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Construction of Di(hetero)arylmethanes Through Pd-Catalyzed Direct Dehydroxylative Cross-Coupling of Benzylic Alcohols and Aryl Boronic Acids Mediated by Sulfuryl Fluoride (SO2
F2
). European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Feng Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - K. P. Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 430070 Wuhan Hubei Province People's Republic of China
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27
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Lekkala R, Lekkala R, Moku B, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Applications of sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) in chemical transformations. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00747d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of novel methodologies concerning the chemical, biological and medicinal applications of sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) gas have dramatically improved year by year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindar Lekkala
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Revathi Lekkala
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Balakrishna Moku
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - K. P. Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
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28
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Barrow AS, Smedley CJ, Zheng Q, Li S, Dong J, Moses JE. The growing applications of SuFEx click chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4731-4758. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00960k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SuFEx (Sulfur Fluoride Exchange) is a modular, next generation family of click reactions, geared towards the rapid and reliable assembly of functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Barrow
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - C. J. Smedley
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Q. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - S. Li
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - J. Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - J. E. Moses
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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29
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Jiang Y, Alharbi NS, Sun B, Qin HL. SO2F2 mediated cascade dehydrogenative Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of the C(sp3)–H of primary alcohols with the C(sp2)–H of electron-deficient olefins for the assembly of allylic alcohols. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29784-29787. [PMID: 35531509 PMCID: PMC9072135 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cascade dehydrogenative Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of the C(sp3)–H of primary alcohols with the C(sp2)–H of electron-deficient olefins for forming allylic alcohols mediated by SO2F2 was developed. This method provides a mild process for the preparation of allylic alcohol moieties without the requirement of transition metals. A cascade dehydrogenative Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of the C(sp3)–H of primary alcohols with the C(sp2)–H of electron-deficient olefins for forming allylic alcohols mediated by SO2F2 was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Njud S. Alharbi
- Biotechnology Research Group
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
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30
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Fang WY, Zha GF, Zhao C, Qin HL. Regioselective installation of fluorosulfate (–OSO2F) functionality into aromatic C(sp2)–H bonds for the construction of para-amino-arylfluorosulfates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6273-6276. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel para-amino-arylfluorosulfates was achieved through installing fluorosulfate functionality into aromatic C(sp2)–H bonds mediated by sulfuryl fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Gao-Feng Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Chuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
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31
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Leng J, Qin HL. SO2F2 mediated transformation of pyrazolones into pyrazolyl fluorosulfates. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5001-5008. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The construction of a class of novel N-heterocyclic molecules containing both pyrazole and fluorosulfate functionalities was achieved through the reactions of pyrazolones with SO2F2 in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
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32
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Brierley SE, Adlam AR, Hall MKD. Quantification of Ethanedinitrile in Air Using a New and Accurate Gas Chromatography Method. Methods Protoc 2018; 2:mps2010001. [PMID: 31164586 PMCID: PMC6481086 DOI: 10.3390/mps2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to previously tested fumigants such as methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride and phosphine; ethanedinitrile (EDN) is a new fumigant which is being trialled around the world as a pre-plant soil treatment and as a quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) treatment of commodities. To collect the data necessary to assess the effectiveness of this fumigant, an accurate analytical method is needed across a wide concentration range. We reviewed the methods of detection for EDN described in recently published fumigation studies and have developed and validated a method to quantify EDN in air using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC–FID). Our tested method has a linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of R2 0.9988, 1.36%, 98.8%, 0.750 ppm and 1.073 ppm, respectively. These values were determined using internationally recognised guidelines for the validation of non-standard analytical methods, which means that our method can be applied to the different validation requirements of regulatory agencies and countries. Our method can be used for experimental conditions that require detection at low and high concentrations simultaneously because it is accurate, fast (0.6 min) and repeatable across a concentration range of 1 to 40,000 ppm. This method will help to standardise the quantification of EDN by research groups and facilitate acceptance of data by regulatory organisations around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam E Brierley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Anthony R Adlam
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew K D Hall
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Apreso, PO Box 2407, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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33
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Zha GF, Fang WY, Li YG, Leng J, Chen X, Qin HL. SO2F2-Mediated Oxidative Dehydrogenation and Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17666-17673. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - You-Gui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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34
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Epifanov M, Foth PJ, Gu F, Barrillon C, Kanani SS, Higman CS, Hein JE, Sammis GM. One-Pot 1,1-Dihydrofluoroalkylation of Amines Using Sulfuryl Fluoride. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16464-16468. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Epifanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul J. Foth
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Frances Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Charlotte Barrillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sahil S. Kanani
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Carolyn S. Higman
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Glenn M. Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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35
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Schimler SD, Froese RDJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Reactions of Arylsulfonate Electrophiles with NMe4F: Mechanistic Insight, Reactivity, and Scope. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11178-11190. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydonie D. Schimler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert D. J. Froese
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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36
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Fang WY, Huang YM, Leng J, Qin HL. Pd-Catalyzed One-Pot Dehydroxylative Coupling of Phenols and Amines under a Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere: A Chemical-Specific Discrimination for Arylcarboxylic Amide Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 P. R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 P. R. China
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37
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Zhao C, Fang WY, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Pd-Catalyzed one-pot dehydroxylative coupling of phenols with K4[Fe(CN)6] mediated by SO2F2: a practical method for the direct conversion of phenols to aryl nitriles. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A SO2F2 mediated Pd-catalyzed one-pot dehydroxylative cyanation of phenols to aryl nitriles was accomplished by employing (K4[Fe(CN)6]) as the cyanating reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - K. P. Rakesh
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
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38
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Fang WY, Leng J, Qin HL. SO 2 F 2 -Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Aryl Carboxylic Acids and Esters from Phenols through a Pd-Catalyzed Insertion of Carbon Monoxide. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2323-2331. [PMID: 28699656 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of phenols into their corresponding aryl carboxylic acids and esters through the insertion of carbon monoxide has been developed. This procedure offers a direct synthesis of aryl carboxylic acids and esters from inexpensive and abundant starting materials (phenols, SO2 F2 and CO) under mild conditions. This method tolerates a broad range of functional groups and is also applicable for the modification of complicated natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; and, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, P. R. China
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Wang XY, Leng J, Wang SM, Asiri AM, Marwani HM, Qin HL. A facile and mild Pd-catalyzed one-pot process for direct hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) phenols to arenes through a ArOSO 2 F intermediates transformation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li S, Wu P, Moses JE, Sharpless KB. Multidimensional SuFEx Click Chemistry: Sequential Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange Connections of Diverse Modules Launched From An SOF4
Hub. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - John E. Moses
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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Li S, Wu P, Moses JE, Sharpless KB. Multidimensional SuFEx Click Chemistry: Sequential Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange Connections of Diverse Modules Launched From An SOF 4 Hub. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2903-2908. [PMID: 28165188 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is a new family of click chemistry based transformations that enable the synthesis of covalently linked modules via SVI hubs. Here we report thionyl tetrafluoride (SOF4 ) as the first multidimensional SuFEx connector. SOF4 sits between the commercially mass-produced gases SF6 and SO2 F2 , and like them, is readily synthesized on scale. Under SuFEx catalysis conditions, SOF4 reliably seeks out primary amino groups [R-NH2 ] and becomes permanently anchored via a tetrahedral iminosulfur(VI) link: R-N=(O=)S(F)2 . The pendant, prochiral difluoride groups R-N=(O=)SF2 , in turn, offer two further SuFExable handles, which can be sequentially exchanged to create 3-dimensional covalent departure vectors from the tetrahedral sulfur(VI) hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John E Moses
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Zhang E, Tang J, Li S, Wu P, Moses JE, Sharpless KB. Chemoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines from Heteroaryl Fluorosulfates. Chemistry 2016; 22:5692-7. [PMID: 26990693 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A selection of heteroaryl fluorosulfates were readily synthesized using commercial SO2F2 gas. These substrates are highly efficient coupling partners in the Suzuki reaction. Through judicious selection of Pd catalysts the fluorosulfate functionality is differentiated from bromide and chloride; the order of reactivity being: -Br> -OSO2 F> -Cl. Exploiting this trend allowed the stepwise chemoselective synthesis of a number of polysubstituted pyridines, including the drug Etoricoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxuan Zhang
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., 71 7th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaze Tang
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., 71 7th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John E Moses
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Chen Q, Yu H, Xu Z, Lin L, Jiang X, Wang R. Development and Application of O-(Trimethylsilyl)aryl Fluorosulfates for the Synthesis of Arynes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6890-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Chen
- Institute
of New Drugs Design and Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study
for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Institute
of New Drugs Design and Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study
for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Institute
of New Drugs Design and Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study
for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Institute
of New Drugs Design and Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study
for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute
of New Drugs Design and Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study
for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Liang Q, Xing P, Huang Z, Dong J, Sharpless KB, Li X, Jiang B. Palladium-Catalyzed, Ligand-Free Suzuki Reaction in Water Using Aryl Fluorosulfates. Org Lett 2015; 17:1942-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobin Liang
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike
Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ping Xing
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuogang Huang
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike
Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike
Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Dong J, Krasnova L, Finn MG, Sharpless KB. Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx): another good reaction for click chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9430-48. [PMID: 25112519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 744] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aryl sulfonyl chlorides (e.g. Ts-Cl) are beloved of organic chemists as the most commonly used S(VI) electrophiles, and the parent sulfuryl chloride, O2 S(VI) Cl2 , has also been relied on to create sulfates and sulfamides. However, the desired halide substitution event is often defeated by destruction of the sulfur electrophile because the S(VI) Cl bond is exceedingly sensitive to reductive collapse yielding S(IV) species and Cl(-) . Fortunately, the use of sulfur(VI) fluorides (e.g., R-SO2 -F and SO2 F2 ) leaves only the substitution pathway open. As with most of click chemistry, many essential features of sulfur(VI) fluoride reactivity were discovered long ago in Germany.6a Surprisingly, this extraordinary work faded from view rather abruptly in the mid-20th century. Here we seek to revive it, along with John Hyatt's unnoticed 1979 full paper exposition on CH2 CH-SO2 -F, the most perfect Michael acceptor ever found.98 To this history we add several new observations, including that the otherwise very stable gas SO2 F2 has excellent reactivity under the right circumstances. We also show that proton or silicon centers can activate the exchange of SF bonds for SO bonds to make functional products, and that the sulfate connector is surprisingly stable toward hydrolysis. Applications of this controllable ligation chemistry to small molecules, polymers, and biomolecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (USA)
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Dong J, Krasnova L, Finn MG, Sharpless KB. Schwefel(VI)-fluorid-Austausch (SuFEx): Eine weitere gute Anwendung für die Click-Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gallagher G, Zhan T, Hsu YK, Gupta P, Pederson J, Croes B, Blake DR, Barletta B, Meinardi S, Ashford P, Vetter A, Saba S, Slim R, Palandre L, Clodic D, Mathis P, Wagner M, Forgie J, Dwyer H, Wolf K. High-global warming potential F-gas emissions in California: comparison of ambient-based versus inventory-based emission estimates, and implications of refined estimates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1084-1093. [PMID: 24328112 DOI: 10.1021/es403447v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To provide information for greenhouse gas reduction policies, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) inventories annual emissions of high-global-warming potential (GWP) fluorinated gases, the fastest growing sector of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. Baseline 2008 F-gas emissions estimates for selected chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-12), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC-22), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-134a) made with an inventory-based methodology were compared to emissions estimates made by ambient-based measurements. Significant discrepancies were found, with the inventory-based emissions methodology resulting in a systematic 42% under-estimation of CFC-12 emissions from older refrigeration equipment and older vehicles, and a systematic 114% overestimation of emissions for HFC-134a, a refrigerant substitute for phased-out CFCs. Initial, inventory-based estimates for all F-gas emissions had assumed that equipment is no longer in service once it reaches its average lifetime of use. Revised emission estimates using improved models for equipment age at end-of-life, inventories, and leak rates specific to California resulted in F-gas emissions estimates in closer agreement to ambient-based measurements. The discrepancies between inventory-based estimates and ambient-based measurements were reduced from -42% to -6% for CFC-12, and from +114% to +9% for HFC-134a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Gallagher
- California Air Resources Board, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, California 95814, United States
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Assessment of theoretical methods for the study of hydrogen abstraction kinetics of global warming gas species during their degradation and byproduct formation (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-rep-10-02-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change is a major concern as it leads to an increase in the
average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. The existence and
persistence of some gaseous species in the atmosphere contribute to global
warming. Experimental techniques are used to study the kinetics and degradation
of global warming gases. However, quantum mechanical methods are also useful for
the kinetic and radiative forcing study of global warming species and can
precede experimental investigations. Research has also been targeted to develop
more adapted procedures using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT)
methods. This report provides a global perspective, in simplified manner, of the
theoretical studies of the degradation of gas species in the atmosphere with an
emphasis on the hydrogen abstraction kinetics of global warming gas species
during their degradation and byproduct formation. En route, the results obtained
from these studies are analysed and compared with experimental data where
available. Our analyses indicate that the theoretical predictions are in
agreement with experimental findings but the predicted parameters are dependent
on the method being used. Theoretical methods are used to predict the
thermodynamic parameters of reactions, and, with relevance to this report, the
global warming potential (GWP) index can also be calculated. This report can be
useful for future investigations involving global warming gaseous species while
providing suggestions on how computations can fill in data gaps when
experimental data are unavailable.
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Nie Y, Zheng Q, Liang X, Gu D, Lu M, Min M, Ji J. Decomposition treatment of SO2F2 using packed bed DBD plasma followed by chemical absorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7934-7939. [PMID: 23772855 DOI: 10.1021/es400786p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The technology of packed bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma followed by a chemical absorption has been developed and was found to be an efficient way for decomposition treatment of sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) in simulated residual fumigant. The effects of energy density, initial SO2F2 concentration, and residence time on the removal efficiency of SO2F2 for the DBD plasma treatment alone were investigated. It was found that the SO2F2 could be removed completely when initial volume concentration, energy density, and residence time were 0.5%, 33.9 kJ/L, and 5.1 s, respectively. The removal mechanism of SO2F2 in the packed bed DBD reactor was discussed. Based on the detailed analysis of SO2F2 molecular stability and its exhaust products in the DBD plasma reactor, it was concluded that the energetic electrons generated in the packed bed DBD reactor played a key role on the removal of SO2F2, and the major decomposition products of SO2F2 detected were SO2, SiF4, and S (Sulfur). Among these products, SiF4 was formed by the F atom reacted with the filler-quartz glass beads (SiO2) in the packed bed DBD reactor. Aqueous NaOH solution was used as the chemical absorbent for the gaseous products of SO2F2 after plasma pretreatment. It was found that the gaseous products in the plasma exhaust could be absorbed and fixed by the subsequent aqueous NaOH solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Nie
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Tang X, Wilson SR, Solomon KR, Shao M, Madronich S. Changes in air quality and tropospheric composition due to depletion of stratospheric ozone and interactions with climate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:280-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp90039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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