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Wu C, Liang Y, Jiang S, Shi Z. Mechanistic and data-driven perspectives on plant uptake of organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172415. [PMID: 38631647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Establishing reliable predictive models for plant uptake of organic pollutants is crucial for environmental risk assessment and guiding phytoremediation efforts. This study compiled an expanded dataset of plant cuticle-water partition coefficients (Kcw), a useful indicator for plant uptake, for 371 data points of 148 unique compounds and various plant species. Quantum/computational chemistry software and tools were utilized to compute various molecular descriptors, aiming to comprehensively characterize the properties and structures of each compound. Three types of models were developed to predict Kcw: a mechanism-driven pp-LFER model, a data-driven machine learning model, and an integrated mechanism-data-driven model. The mechanism-data-driven GBRT-ppLFER model exhibited superior performance, achieving RMSEtrain = 0.133 and RMSEtest = 0.301 while maintaining interpretability. The Shapley Additive Explanation analysis indicated that pp-LFER parameters, ESPI, FwRadicalmax, ExtFP607, and RDF70s are the key factors influencing plant uptake in the GBRT-ppLFER model. Overall, pp-LFER parameter, ESPI, and ExtFP607 show positive effects, while the remaining factors exhibit negative effects. Partial dependency analysis further indicated that plant uptake is not solely determined by individual factors but rather by the combined interactions of multiple factors. Specifically, compounds with ppLFER parameter >4, ESPI > -25.5, 0.098 < FwRadicalmax <0.132, and 2 < RFD70s < 3, are generally more readily taken up by plants. Besides, the predicted Kcw values from the GBRT-ppLFER model were effectively employed to estimate the plant-water partition coefficients and bioconcentration factors across different plant species and growth media (water, sand, and soil), achieving an outstanding performance with an RMSE of 0.497. This study provides effective tools for assessing plant uptake of organic pollutants and deepens our understanding of plant-environment-compound interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Tian L, Shu J, Wu Q, Liu B. Potential hazards of typical small molecular organic matters in shale gas wastewater for wheat irrigation: 2-butoxyethanol and dimethylbenzylamine. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122729. [PMID: 37858699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
2-butoxyethanol (BE) and dimethylbenzylamine (DMBA) are small molecular organic compounds commonly found in shale gas wastewater (SGW) and environmental samples, yet their environmental risks in exposure and irrigation reuse have not been thoroughly studied. From the perspectives of physicochemical properties and toxicity, seven groups of irrigation treatment were designed for wheat irrigation according to the concentration gradient. Overall, wheat growth was normal, but higher DMBA concentrations resulted in more severe growth inhibition. The absorption of BE by various tissues of wheat was positively correlated with its concentration, while the absorption of DMBA by wheat stems showed the same trend. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the absorption of DMBA by wheat grains in different groups. The detection results of nutritional and heavy metal elements in wheat tissues showed that the presence of organic compounds changed the relative sensitivity of wheat leaves and grains to some elements (such as Mg, Mn, Mo, etc.) enrichment. The Cd and Pb contents of wheat grains in all groups complied with national safety standards, but the As or Cr concentration in wheat grains treated with BE or DMBA exceeded the limits in some cases. Transcriptome sequencing, GO annotation, and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed similar gene functions and metabolic pathways enriched by BE and DMBA. The safe and sustainable agricultural reuse of SGW still has great potential as a promising water resources management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China
| | - Lun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China
| | - Jingyu Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China
| | - Qidong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China
| | - Baicang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China.
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Bagheri M, He X, Al-Lami MK, Oustriere N, Liu W, Limmer MA, Shi H, Burken JG. Assessing plant uptake of organic contaminants by food crops tomato, wheat, and corn through sap concentration factor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1215-1224. [PMID: 36356305 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2144797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated uptake of two organic compounds including hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and exogenous caffeine by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The plants were grown in a growth chamber under recommended conditions and then were exposed to these compounds for 19 days. The uptake of the compounds was measured by sap concentration factor. The plant samples (stem transpiration stream) and solution in the exposure media were taken and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The plant stem samples were analyzed after a freeze-thaw centrifugation process. The average sap concentration factor for the RDX by tomato, wheat, and corn was 0.71, 0.67, and 0.65. The average sap concentration factor for the exogenous caffeine by tomato, wheat, and corn was 0.72, 0.50, and 0.34. These relatively high sap concentration factor values were expected as available predictive models offer high sap concentration factor values for moderately hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. The generated sap concentration factor values for the RDX and exogenous caffeine are important for improving the accuracy of previously developed machine learning models predicting the uptake and translocation of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Bagheri
- Department of Engineering Technology, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, USA
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Mariam K Al-Lami
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Nadege Oustriere
- Laboratoire Génie Civil Et Géoenvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-De-France, Institut Supérieur Agriculture, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Matt A Limmer
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Joel G Burken
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
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Du X, Yuan B, Li J, Yin G, Qiu Y, Zhao J, Duan X, Wu Y, Lin T, Zhou Y. Distribution, behavior, and risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in paddy plants throughout whole growth cycle. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107404. [PMID: 35868077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paddy plants provide staple food for 3 billion people worldwide. This study explores the environmental fate and behavior of a high-volume production emerging contaminants chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in the paddy ecosystem. Very-short-, short-, medium-, and long-chain CPs (vSCCPs, SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs, respectively) were analyzed in specific tissue of paddy plants at four main growth stages and soils from the Yangtze River Delta, China throughout a full rice growing season. The total CP concentrations in the paddy roots, stalks, leaves, panicles, hulls, rice, and soils ranged from 181 to 1.74 × 103, 21.7-383, 19.6-585, 108-332, 245-470, 59.6-130, and 99.6-400 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The distribution profile indicated the translocation of SCCPs and MCCPs from soils to paddy tissue, highlighting their elevated bioaccumulative potential. The evolution of CP level/mass/pattern during the whole growth cycle suggested atmospheric CPs deposition on leaves and hulls, as well as stalk-rice transfer. CSOIL plant uptake model well predicted the level, distribution pattern, and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of SCCPs and MCCPs in paddy shoot and recognized the soil-air-shoot pathway as the major contributor. Moreover, risk evaluation indicated that MCCPs intake and subsequent risks dominated the total exposure to CPs via rice ingestion. This is the first report on the occurrence, fate and risk assessment of all CPs classes in paddy ecosystems, and the results underline the potential health effects caused by the in-use MCCPs via rice ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Du
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jun Li
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ge Yin
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuchuan Duan
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Bueno MJM, Valverde MG, Gómez-Ramos MM, Andújar JAS, Barceló D, Fernández-Alba AR. Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150909. [PMID: 34653474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using reclaimed water to irrigate crops can be an important route for organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to be introduced into agricultural production and thus find their way into the food chain. This work aims to establish accumulation models for the different parts of a crop (fruit/leaves/roots) and the soil of some of the most commonly detected CECs in reclaimed water, through field trials in greenhouses. For this, tomato plants were permanently irrigated under realistic agricultural conditions with a mixture of the selected compounds at approx. 1 μg/L. A total of 30 contaminants were analyzed belonging to different compound categories. A modified QuEChERS extraction method followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was the procedure used. The study revealed the presence of 21 target contaminants in the tomatoes, and 18 CECs in the leaves, roots, and soil. The average total concentration of pesticides detected in the tomatoes was 3 μg/kg f.w., whereas the average total load of pharmaceuticals was 5.8 μg/kg f.w. after three months, at the time of crop harvesting. The levels of pharmaceutical products and pesticides in the non-edible tissues were up to 3.5 and 2.1 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the leaves and up to 89.3 and 31.3 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the roots. In the case of the soil samples, the pesticide concentration found after crop harvesting was below 11.4 μg/kg d.w., and less than 3.0 μg/kg d.w. for pharmaceuticals. Overall, the concentration levels of CECs detected in the tomatoes, which were permanently irrigated with contaminated reclaimed water, do not pose a risk to human health via dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Martínez Bueno
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M García Valverde
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M M Gómez-Ramos
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J A Salinas Andújar
- University of Almería, Department of Engineering, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA)-CERCA, Girona, Spain
| | - A R Fernández-Alba
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Chen Z, Tian Z, Liu X, Sun W. The potential risks and exposure of Qinling giant pandas to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118294. [PMID: 34626712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have created a substantial urban-rural gradient for various pollutants. The Qinling Mountains are highly important in terms of biodiversity, providing habitat for giant pandas, which are endemic to China and are a widely recognized symbol for conservation. Whether polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure risks regarding in situ animal conservation zones are affected by environmental pollution or even enhanced by the mountain-trapping effect requires further research. Our group carried out a large-scale investigation on the area ranging from Xi'an to Hanzhong across the giant panda habitat in the Qinling Mountains by collecting atmosphere, soil, bamboo, and fecal samples from different sites over a two-year period. The total toxicity of atmospheric PAHs and the frequencies of soil PAHs above effect range low (ERL) values showed a decreasing trend from urban areas to the central mountains, suggesting a distance effect from the city. The proportions of total 5- and 6-ring PAHs in the atmosphere were higher in the central mountainous areas than in the urban areas, while this difference was reversed in the soil. Health risk assessments showed that the incremental lifetime carcinogenic risks (ILCR) of PAH exposure by bamboo ingestion ranged from 2.16 × 10-4 to 3.11 × 10-4, above the critical level of 10-4. Bamboo ingestion was the main driver of the PAH exposure risks. The concentration difference between bamboo and fecal samples provided a reference for the level of PAHs absorbed by the panda digestive system. Since the Qinling Mountains possess the highest density of giant pandas and provide habitats to many other endangered animal and plant species, we should not ignore the probability of health risks posed by PAHs. Monitoring the pollution level and reducing the atmospheric emissions of toxic pollutants are recommended actions. Further detailed research should also be implemented on pandas' health effects of contaminant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, And School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhaoxue Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, And School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, And School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Wanlong Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, And School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Li J, Sun J, Li P. Exposure routes, bioaccumulation and toxic effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on plants: A critical review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106891. [PMID: 34592655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are artificial persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous in ecosystem, and their bioaccumulation and adverse outcomes in plants have attracted extensive concerns. Here, we review the toxic effects of PFASs encountered by various plants from physiological, biochemical and molecular perspectives. The exposure routes and bioaccumulation of PFASs in plants from contaminated sites are also summarized. The bioaccumulation of PFASs in plants from contaminated sites varied between ng/g and μg/g levels. The 50% inhibition concentration of PFASs for plant growth is often several orders of magnitude higher than the environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs). ERCs of PFASs rarely lead to obvious phenotypic/physiological damages in plants, but markedly perturb some biological activities at biochemical and molecular scales. PFAS exposure induces the over-generated reactive oxygen species and further damages plant cell structure and organelle functions. A number of biochemical activities in plant cells are perturbed, such as photosynthesis, gene expression, protein synthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. To restore the desire states of cells exposed to PFASs, plants initiate several detoxifying mechanisms, including enzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants, metallothionein genes and metabolic reprogramming. Future challenges and opportunities in PFAS phytotoxicity studies are also proposed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Molina L, Segura A. Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2305. [PMID: 34834668 PMCID: PMC8622723 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of atmospheric particles. These pollutants induce a wide variety of responses in plants, leading to tolerance or toxicity. Their effects on plants depend on many different environmental conditions, not only the type and concentration of contaminant, temperature or soil pH, but also on the physiological or genetic status of the plant. The main detoxification process in plants is the accumulation of the contaminant in vacuoles or cell walls. PAHs are normally transformed by enzymatic plant machinery prior to conjugation and immobilization; heavy metals are frequently chelated by some molecules, with glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins being the main players in heavy metal detoxification. Besides these detoxification mechanisms, the presence of contaminants leads to the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dynamic of ROS production and detoxification renders different outcomes in different scenarios, from cellular death to the induction of stress resistances. ROS responses have been extensively studied; the complexity of the ROS response and the subsequent cascade of effects on phytohormones and metabolic changes, which depend on local concentrations in different organelles and on the lifetime of each ROS species, allow the plant to modulate its responses to different environmental clues. Basic knowledge of plant responses toward pollutants is key to improving phytoremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Molina
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, C.S.I.C., Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
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Drăghia LP, Lukinich-Gruia AT, Oprean C, Pavlović NM, Păunescu V, Tatu CA. Aristolochic acid I: an investigation into the role of food crops contamination, as a potential natural exposure pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4163-4178. [PMID: 33796971 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is a potent nephrotoxic and carcinogenic compound produced by plants of the Aristolochiaceae family and thoroughly investigated as a main culprit in the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). So far, the AAI exposure was demonstrated to occur through the consumption of Aristolochia clematitis plants as traditional remedies, and through the contamination of the surrounding environment in endemic areas: soil, food and water contamination. Our study investigated for the first time the level of AAI contamination in 141 soil and vegetable samples from two cultivated gardens in non-endemic areas, A. clematitis being present in only one of the gardens. We developed and validated a simple and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry method for qualitative and quantitative AAI analysis. The results confirmed the presence of AAI at nanogram levels in soil and vegetable samples collected from the non-endemic garden, where A. clematitis grows. These findings provide additional evidence that the presence of A. clematitis can cause food crops and soil contamination and unveil the pathway through which AAI could move from A. clematitis to other plant species via a common matrix: the soil. Another issue regarding the presence of AAI, in a non-endemic BEN area from Romania, could underlie a more widespread environmental exposure to AAI and explain certain BEN-like cases in areas where BEN has not been initially described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Paula Drăghia
- Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Victor Babes', Eftimie Murgu Sq. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, OncoGen Centre, County Hospital 'Pius Branzeu', Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, OncoGen Centre, County Hospital 'Pius Branzeu', Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Camelia Oprean
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, OncoGen Centre, County Hospital 'Pius Branzeu', Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Victor Babes', Eftimie Murgu Sq. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Virgil Păunescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Victor Babes', Eftimie Murgu Sq. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, OncoGen Centre, County Hospital 'Pius Branzeu', Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Călin Adrian Tatu
- Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Victor Babes', Eftimie Murgu Sq. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, OncoGen Centre, County Hospital 'Pius Branzeu', Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736, Timisoara, Romania
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Zhu Y, Huang H, Zhang Y, Xiong G, Zhang Q, Li Y, Tao S, Liu W. Evaluation of PAHs in edible parts of vegetables and their human health risks in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China: A multimedia modeling approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145076. [PMID: 33582335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the origins of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in vegetables is essential to reduce human health risks induced by dietary exposure. The current study developed a vegetation-advanced multimedia model, SESAMe-Veg, to identify the major uptake pathway of 15 priority PAHs in vegetables and assess the PAHs in edible parts of cabbages and carrots in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China. The model was well evaluated against site- and plant-specific measurements. Edible parts exhibited lower PAH concentrations than the other parts for both vegetables. The estimated concentrations of ΣPAH15 were 79 ng/g in cabbage shoots and 83 ng/g in carrot roots. Higher concentrations were estimated in shoots of the leafy vegetable than in roots of the root vegetable for most PAHs. Although air-shoot is the major transport pathway, 98% was deposition of particles, which was attached outside and could be removed relatively easily by washing. Soils might be the origin of PAHs inside vegetables, especially for lighter PAHs. PYR was more likely to be stored in roots than other congeners. The translocation of PAHs inside vegetables was negligible. Adulthood dietary exposure to local vegetables probably caused a high health risk; however, contributions from consuming cabbages and especially carrots were low. Females generally exhibited slightly higher risks than males of exposure to PAHs in local vegetables. Considering the dominant role of particle deposition, carefully vegetable washing before ingestion could reduce this risk. This study has provided a functional tool to evaluate vegetable contamination by PAHs. CAPSULE: A vegetation-advanced multimedia model of PAHs in different parts of vegetables and other environmental media was developed to evaluate the potential health risk to local populations of different sexes and ages via vegetable ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huijing Huang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guannan Xiong
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Niu S, Tao W, Chen R, Hageman KJ, Zhu C, Zheng R, Dong L. Using Polychlorinated Naphthalene Concentrations in the Soil from a Southeast China E-Waste Recycling Area in a Novel Screening-Level Multipathway Human Cancer Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6773-6782. [PMID: 33900727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) concentrations in the soil at an e-waste recycling area in Guiyu, China, were measured and the associated human cancer risk due to e-waste-related exposures was investigated. We quantified PCNs in the agricultural soil and used these concentrations with predictive equations to calculate theoretical concentrations in outdoor air. We then calculated theoretical concentrations in indoor air using an attenuation factor and in the local diet using previously published models for contaminant uptake in plants and fruits. Potential human cancer risks of PCNs were assessed for multiple exposure pathways, including soil ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, and dietary ingestion. Our calculations indicated that local residents had a high cancer risk from exposure to PCNs and that the diet was the primary pathway of PCN exposure, followed by dermal contact as the secondary pathway. We next repeated the risk assessment using concentrations for other carcinogenic contaminants reported in the literature at the same site. We found that polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and PCNs caused the highest potential cancer risks to the residents, followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The relative importance of different exposure pathways depended on the physicochemical properties of specific chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Niu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan 84322, United States
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wuqun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ruiwen Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan 84322, United States
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan 84322, United States
| | - Chaofei Zhu
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Liang Dong
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
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12
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Jia J, Bi C, Jin X, Zeng Y, Deng L, Wang X, Chen Z. Uptake, translocation, and risk assessment of PAHs in contaminated soil-air-vegetable systems based on a field simulation experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116361. [PMID: 33388677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable consumption is a potential toxin exposure pathway for humans. Studies have recognized that vegetables can uptake organic contaminants via roots and translocate pollutants to their aerial parts. However, the aerial parts might also directly uptake polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soils. This has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to explore the uptake and translocation of PAHs in contaminated soil-air-vegetable systems. Sixteen individual PAHs in contaminated soils, vegetable roots, and leaves were identified using GC-MS. The results showed that the average PAH concentrations both in roots and leaves from the reference soil, the moderately contaminated soil, and the heavily polluted soil increased as expected. PAHs with log KOW < 5 accumulated more easily in roots and leaves. Using a Pearson correlation analysis, isomer ratios, and a principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that the contaminated soil not only caused PAH accumulation in roots, but also increased the PAH concentration in leaves. Quantitatively, the absorption of PAHs in roots in the moderately contaminated soil (70.3 ng m-3) was approximately twice that of the reference soil (40.8 ng m-3). The PAHs absorbed by vegetable roots in the heavily polluted soil (74.7 ng m-3) was only slightly higher than that of the moderately polluted soil. In addition, the PAH dose volatilized into the air from the reference soil, the moderately contaminated soil, and the heavily polluted soil also showed an increasing trend. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that adult females had a higher cancer risk via vegetable consumption than other groups. Although vegetable consumption had a slight effect on cancer risk for some groups in the present study, the cancer risk of PAHs caused by eating vegetables grown in heavily contaminated soil still requires attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjuan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaopei Jin
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Zeng
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Qinzhou University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Zhenlou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Meng C, Huan D, Zhao HM, Li S, Li H, Li YW, Cai QY, Mo CH. Nitrate supply decreases uptake and accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Brassica parachinensis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123803. [PMID: 33264905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
How nitrate (NO3-) fertilization influences ciprofloxacin (CIP) uptake by crops remains unsolved. Here, two Brassica parachinensis cultivars differing in CIP accumulation were cultivated to investigate the effects of NO3- supply on CIP uptake and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that NO3- supply effectively reduced CIP toxicity and accumulation in the two cultivars, especially in the low CIP cultivar. Moreover, NO3- supply induced different mechanisms of coping with CIP stress in the two cultivars through influencing subcellular distribution of CIP. The uptake of CIP by root was demonstrated to be a carrier-mediated, energy-consuming, and proton motive force-dependent influx process. Consequently, a mechanism of nitrate supply decreasing CIP uptake was proposed that uptake of CIP and NO3- into root cell would compete for the proton motive force and share a common energy source provided by plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Besides, regulating the concentration balances of cytoplasmic NO3- and proton by inhibiting the activities of NRase and two tonoplast proton pumps (V-ATPase and V-PPase) led to opposite effect on CIP uptake, further supporting this inference. Our results provide a novel insight into CIP uptake by plant roots, and improve the strategy of minimizing CIP accumulation in crops for food safety by fertilization management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Du Huan
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Sha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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14
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Liu X, Bonhomme J, Merbach I, Kümmel S, Richnow HH. Uptake of α-HCH by wheat from the gas phase and translocation to soil analyzed by a stable carbon isotope labeling experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128489. [PMID: 33059287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCH) are persistent organic pollutants which cause serious environmental pollution. Phytoextraction is one of the strategies of phytoremediation, which was considered as a promising method for the clean-up of HCH contaminated field sites. To understand the uptake and translocation mechanisms of HCH in soil-plant system, the uptake of HCH from the gas phase was investigated in a tracer experiment with 13C-labeled α-HCH. The results provide new insights on the uptake mechanism of HCH and allow the elucidation of transport pathways of POPs from the leaves to the rhizosphere. A higher dissipation of α-HCH in planted set-ups versus unplanted controls indicated next to intensive biodegradation in the rhizosphere the removal of HCH by root uptake, accumulation and possible transformation within plants. Analyzing the carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of α-HCH in the soil of unplanted controls revealed a change of 15.8-28.6‰ compared to the initial δ13C value, indicating that a soil gas phase transportation of α-HCH occurred. Additionally, higher δ13C values of α-HCH were observed in bulk and rhizosphere soil in non-labeled treatments compared to unplanted controls, revealing the uptake of α-HCH from the gas phase by the leaves and the further translocation to the roots and finally release to the rhizosphere. This uptake by the leaves and the subsequent translocation of α-HCH within the plant is further indicated by the observed variations of the δ13C value of α-HCH in different plant tissues at different growth stages. The uptake and translocation pathways of α-HCH from the gas phase need to be considered in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Bonhomme
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Process Engineering, Ecole Superieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, 43, Boulevard Du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ines Merbach
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06102, Halle, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Sedlacko EM, Chaparro JM, Heuberger AL, Cath TY, Higgins CP. Effect of produced water treatment technologies on irrigation-induced metal and salt accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140003. [PMID: 32559533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW), a wastewater resulting from hydraulic fracturing and oil and gas production, has been utilized in arid regions for irrigation purposes and potentially presents a new water source for crop irrigation in areas of increasing water scarcity. However, there is a potential for both synthetic and geogenic contaminants in these waters to accumulate in irrigated food crops. This study assessed how water treatment technologies targeted at removal of salinity (i.e., total dissolved solids) and organic chemical content (i.e., dissolved organic carbon) from PW to achieve agricultural irrigation standards altered the impact of inorganic contaminants and nutrient uptake on two salt-tolerant food crops, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The impacts of the treatment technologies on inorganic contaminant loadings in the irrigated soils were also assessed. Treatment technologies to improve PW quality decreased the adverse impacts on plant health; however, plant health was more affected by dilutions of PW than by the treatment technologies employed. Phenotypically, plants irrigated with 90% dilution (low) treatment groups, regardless of treatment technology, were comparable to controls; however, plants watered with high proportions (50%) of raw or treated PW displayed stunted growth, with reduced height and leaf area, and sunflower seed saw 100% yield loss. Although phenotypically similar, plants of the low treatment groups exhibited changes in the ionome, illustrating the influence of PW on plant uptake, translocation, and accumulation of metals, salts, and micronutrients. In addition, bioavailability of metals and nutrients was impacted by the unique and complex PW matrix: bioconcentration factors traditionally used to evaluate risk may therefore over or underestimate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Sedlacko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Chaparro
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Tzahi Y Cath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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16
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Zhu H, Wang F, Li B, Yao Y, Wang L, Sun H. Accumulation and translocation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers into plant under multiple exposure scenarios. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105947. [PMID: 32659526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant foliar uptake is an essential part of the overall biogeochemical cycling of semivolatile organic compounds. Chambers were therefore designed to expose wheat to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) via various combinations of exposure routes (i.e., soil, air and particle). Under the simulated scenarios, most of PBDEs in wheat leaves originated from foliar uptake (including gaseous and particle-bound depositions) rather than translocation from root uptake. Our results further revealed that higher brominated PBDEs (h-PBDEs; i.e. hepta- through deca-BDEs) were inclined to enter wheat leaves via particle-bound deposition while gaseous deposition could not be ignored for less-brominated PBDEs (l-PBDEs; i.e., tri- through hexa-BDEs). Sequential extraction of wheat leaf displayed that the transfer velocities of h-PBDEs were lagged behind l-PBDEs during their deposition to leaf cuticle and subsequent erosion to mesophyll, where a large fraction of the target chemicals were ultimately stored (29-93% of total PBDEs burden). Applying McLachlan's framework to our data suggested that the uptake of PBDEs was controlled primarily by kinetically limited gaseous deposition for l-PBDEs and by particle-bound deposition for h-PBDEs. The combined use of exposure chamber measurement and framework provides a robust tool for interpreting the behaviors of PBDEs between the atmosphere and plant foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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17
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Bigott Y, Khalaf DM, Schröder P, Schröder PM, Cruzeiro C. Uptake and Translocation of Pharmaceuticals in Plants: Principles and Data Analysis. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Chen J, Xia X, Wang H, Zhai Y, Xi N, Lin H, Wen W. Uptake pathway and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in spinach affected by warming in enclosed soil/water-air-plant microcosms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120831. [PMID: 31271938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The partition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among water-soil-air is temperature-dependent. Thus, we hypothesized that climate warming will affect the accumulation and uptake pathway of PAHs in plants. To test this hypothesis, enclosed soil/water-air-plant microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of warming on the uptake and accumulation of four PAHs in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). The results showed that root uptake was the predominant pathway and its contribution increased with temperature due to the promoted acropetal translocation. Owing to the increase in freely dissolved concentrations of PAHs in soil pore water, the four PAH concentrations in roots increased by 60.8-111.5% when temperature elevated from 15/10 to 21/16 °C. A model was established to describe the relationship between bioconcentration factor of PAHs in root and temperature. Compared with 15/10 °C, the PAH concentrations in leaves at both 18/13 and 21/16 °C elevated due to the increase in PAH concentrations in air, while slightly decreased when temperature elevated from 18/13 to 21/16 °C because the PAH concentrations in air decreased, resulting from accelerated biodegradation of PAHs in topsoil. This study suggests that warming will generally enhance the PAH accumulation in plant, but the effect will differ among different plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yawei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Nannan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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19
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Cui S, Hough R, Fu Q, Qi X, Liu D, Cooper P, Li P, Zhang Z. Concentrations and uptake pathways of polychlorinated biphenyls from soil to grass. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109428. [PMID: 31302331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Field coupled samples in soil and grass were collected to determine the concentrations and identify the uptake pathways of PCBs into the grass at a pasture from Scotland, UK. Concentrations of indicator PCBs (∑7PCBs) in soils ranged from 0.20 to 0.88 ng g-1 dw (dry weight), with a mean of 0.33 ng g-1 dw, and in grass ranged from 0.20 to 2.14 ng g-1 dw, with a mean of 0.48 ng g-1 dw. The comprehensive factors of low concentrations and detection rate (PCB28: 18.8%; PCB52: 37.5%) of PCBs in soil, as well as continuously declined air concentrations of PCBs in the UK since the 1990s suggested that the secondary emission from the soil is becoming the supplied source of PCBs to air and grass. The significant correlations between bioconcentration factor (BCF) values and the log KOW (R = -0.850, p < 0.05) and log KOA (R = -0.860, p < 0.05) of indicator PCB congeners were found in the present study, indicating that these two parameters are likely to affect the bioaccumulation and uptake of grass. A generic one-compartment model was employed to identify uptake pathways of grass and evaluate the uptake amounts for PCBs. This suggested that the most important pathway for uptake of PCBs by grass was at the aerial part, and the difference of PCBs concentrations between leaves and roots was about four orders of magnitude. Removing and risk transfer of PCBs or other organic pollutants by grass need to be investigated and assessed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Rupert Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Qiang Fu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- China-UK Water and Soil Resources Sustainable Utilization Joint Research Centre, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Dong Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Pat Cooper
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Ping Li
- China-UK Water and Soil Resources Sustainable Utilization Joint Research Centre, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
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20
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Placencia F, Fadic X, Yáñez K, Cereceda-Balic F. Tradescantia as a biomonitor for genotoxicity evaluation of diesel and biodiesel exhaust emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2597-2605. [PMID: 30340194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel, an alternative energy source, is promoted as cleaner and safer than other fuel options due to its reported reduction of particulate and gaseous emissions (CO2, CO, and total hydrocarbons). However, its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) emissions are key to understanding its toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic risk factors. This research was developed to assess the genotoxic impact of exhaust emissions using biodiesel from animal fat, palm oil and soybean oil blended with diesel (B80). Diluted exhaust gases were analyzed simultaneously for pollutant emissions and for toxicity using an exposure chamber called the BioToxMonitor, where Tradescantia pallida and a KU-20 clone were exposed to exhaust following Trad-MCN and Trad-SH bioassays. The results show differences in the emission compositions and considerable mutagenic potential among the three biodiesels tested, with palm oil biodiesel emissions being the least harmful, based on its low pollutant concentrations and the negative response in the TradSH bioassay. In contrast, the animal fat biodiesel and soybean oil biodiesel emissions were as toxic as the diesel emissions, being positive in both Trad bioassays. This could be related to the PAH and carbonyl concentrations found in the vehicular exhaust. The genotoxicity of diesel emissions was related to PM1 and the concentrations of both gas and particle PAHs concentrations, which were two times higher compared to the highest concentrations observed for biodiesel. The data suggest that micronucleus assays in Tradescantia pallida are more sensitive for gaseous pollutant exposure. This is the first reported study of biodiesel exhaust biomonitoring in situ and under controlled conditions inside an exposure chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Placencia
- Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ximena Fadic
- Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Karen Yáñez
- Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Francisco Cereceda-Balic
- Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
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21
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Bagheri M, Al-Jabery K, Wunsch DC, Burken JG. A deeper look at plant uptake of environmental contaminants using intelligent approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:561-569. [PMID: 30245412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of contaminants from the groundwater is one pathway of interest, and efforts have been made to relate root exposure to transloation throughout the plant, termed the transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF). This work utilized machine learning techniques and statistcal analysis to improve the understanding of plant uptake and translocation of emerging contaminants. Neural network (NN) was used to develop a reliable model for predicting TSCF using physicochemical properties of compounds. Fuzzy logic was as a technique to examine the simultaneous impact of properties on TSCF, and interactions between compound properties. The significant and effective compound properties were determined using stepwise and forward regression as two widely used statiscal techniques. Clustering was used for detecting the hidden structures in the plant uptake data set. The NN predicted the TSCF with improved accuracy compared to mechanistic models. We also delivered new insight to compound properteis and their importance in transmembrane migration. The sensitivity analysis indicated that log Kow, molecular weight, hydrogen bond donor, and rotatable bonds are the most important properties. The results of fuzzy logic demonstrated that the relationship between molecular weight and log Kow with TSCF are both bell-shape and sigmoidal. The employed clustering algorithms all discovered two major distinct clusters in the data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Bagheri
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Khalid Al-Jabery
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Donald C Wunsch
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Joel G Burken
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States.
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22
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Doucette WJ, Shunthirasingham C, Dettenmaier EM, Zaleski RT, Fantke P, Arnot JA. A review of measured bioaccumulation data on terrestrial plants for organic chemicals: Metrics, variability, and the need for standardized measurement protocols. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:21-33. [PMID: 28976607 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the transfer of organic chemicals from the environment into terrestrial plants is essential for assessing human and ecological risks, using plants as environmental contamination biomonitors, and predicting phytoremediation effectiveness. Experimental data describing chemical uptake by plants are often expressed as ratios of chemical concentrations in the plant compartments of interest (e.g., leaves, shoots, roots, xylem sap) to those in the exposure medium (e.g., soil, soil porewater, hydroponic solution, air). These ratios are generally referred to as "bioconcentration factors" but have also been named for the specific plant compartment sampled, such as "root concentration factors," "leaf concentration factors," or "transpiration stream (xylem sap) concentrations factors." We reviewed over 350 articles to develop a database with 7049 entries of measured bioaccumulation data for 310 organic chemicals and 112 terrestrial plant species. Various experimental approaches have been used; therefore, interstudy comparisons and data-quality evaluations are difficult. Key exposure and plant growth conditions were often missing, and units were often unclear or not reported. The lack of comparable high-confidence data also limits model evaluation and development. Standard test protocols or, at a minimum, standard reporting guidelines for the measurement of plant uptake data are recommended to generate comparable, high-quality data that will improve mechanistic understanding of organic chemical uptake by plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:21-33. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosemary T Zaleski
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Occupational and Public Health, Annandale, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Gobelius L, Lewis J, Ahrens L. Plant Uptake of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances at a Contaminated Fire Training Facility to Evaluate the Phytoremediation Potential of Various Plant Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12602-12610. [PMID: 28972370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fire training facilities and other areas suffer from serious per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) contamination in soil, surface water, and groundwater due to regular practices with PFAS-containing aqueous firefighting foams (AFFFs). Therefore, the uptake of 26 PFASs in plants and the contamination of soil and groundwater has been investigated at a fire training site at Stockholm Arlanda airport, Stockholm (Sweden) in 2016. Elevated ∑26PFAS levels were detected in soil and groundwater ranging from 16 to 160 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) and 1200-34 000 ng L-1, respectively. Samples from different plant species and tissues (i.e., roots, trunk/cores, twigs, leaves/needles) of the local plant community were taken, namely silver birch (Betula pendula), Norway spruce (Picea abies), bird cherry (Prunus padus), mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), long beechfern (Phegopteris connectilis), and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca). The plants showed a high variability of concentrations with highest ∑26PFAS concentrations in vegetative compartments with up to 97 ng g-1 wet weight (ww) and 94 ng g-1 ww in birch leaves and spruce needles, respectively. Annual ground cover plants such as long beechfern and ground elder, and bushes like bird cherry showed concentrations up to 6.9, 23, and 21 ng g-1 ww, respectively. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs; plant/soil ratios) were highest in foliage, while the total tree burden of ∑26PFASs per tree was up to 11 mg for birch and 1.8 mg for spruce. Considering a shelterwood system with mixed stands of silver birch and spruce in combination with regular harvest of leaves and birch sap and an understory of ground elder, it is potentially feasible to remove 1.4 g of ∑26PFASs per year and hectare from (heavily) contaminated sites. An alternative approach is the coppicing of birch trees in combination with an understory of ground elder, potentially removing 0.65 g yr-1 ha-1 of ∑26PFASs, while a simple meadow with ground elder can remove 0.55 g yr-1 ha-1 ∑26PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gobelius
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Lewis
- Tyréns AB , Västra Norrlandsgatan 10B, 903 27 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Chen YP, Zheng YJ, Liu Q, Ellison AM, Zhao Y, Ma QY. PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) pose a risk to captive giant pandas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:174-181. [PMID: 28431316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Qinling subspecies of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis), is highly endangered; fewer than 350 individuals still inhabit Qinling Mountains. Previous research revealed captive pandas were exposed to bromine, so we hypothesized that captive pandas were exposed to and affected by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To test this hypothesis, we tested blood and feces of captive and wild pandas, their drinking water, food (bamboo leaves) from SWARC (Shaanxi Wild Animal Research Center)and FNNR (Foping National Nature Reserve) and supplemental feedstuff given to captive panda at SWARC. We found 13 congeners of PBDEs in fecal samples, of which BDE47, BDE66, BDE71, BDE99, and BDE154 were the dominant, total PBDE concentration in feces of captive pandas was 255% higher than in wild pandas. We found nine PBDEs congeners in blood samples: BDE153 and BDE183 were the predominant congers. PBDEs in blood from captive pandas were significantly higher than in wild pandas. The total concentration of PBDEs were 5473 and 4835 (pg.g) in Fargesia qinlingensis, were 2192 and 1414 (pg.g) in Bashannia fargesii (2192, 1414 pg g), 0.066, 0.038 (pg/ml) in drinking water, and 28.8 (pg.g) in supplemental feedstuff for captive and wild pandas, which indicate that the PBDEs came from its bamboo feed, especially from Bashannia fargesii. Our results demonstrate that BDE99 and BDE47 could be threatening the pandas' health especially for captive panda and there are potential health risks from PBDEs for pandas. In the short term, this risk may be ameliorated by strict control of food quality. In the long term, however, reducing air, water and soil contamination so as to improve environmental quality can best reduce these risks to meet the international standard such as Stockholm Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Chen
- SKLLQG (State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology), Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China; College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ying-Juan Zheng
- SKLLQG (State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology), Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- SKLLQG (State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology), Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Aaron M Ellison
- Harvard University, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01368, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- SKLLQG (State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology), Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Qing-Yi Ma
- Shaanxi Wild Animal Research Center, Zhouzhi, Xi'an 710402, China
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25
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Li Q, Li Y, Zhu L, Xing B, Chen B. Dependence of Plant Uptake and Diffusion of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the Leaf Surface Morphology and Micro-structures of Cuticular Waxes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46235. [PMID: 28393859 PMCID: PMC5385540 DOI: 10.1038/srep46235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of organic chemicals by plants is considered of great significance as it impacts their environmental transport and fate and threatens crop growth and food safety. Herein, the dependence of the uptake, penetration, and distribution of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the morphology and micro-structures of cuticular waxes on leaf surfaces was investigated. Plant surface morphologies and wax micro-structures were examined by scanning emission microscopy, and hydrophobicities of plant surfaces were monitored through contact angle measurements. PAHs in the cuticles and inner tissues were distinguished by sequential extraction, and the cuticle was verified to be the dominant reservoir for the accumulation of lipophilic pollutants. The interspecies differences in PAH concentrations cannot be explained by normalizing them to the plant lipid content. PAHs in the inner tissues became concentrated with the increase of tissue lipid content, while a generally negative correlation between the PAH concentration in cuticles and the epicuticular wax content was found. PAHs on the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf were differentiated for the first time, and the divergence between these two sides can be ascribed to the variations in surface morphologies. The role of leaf lipids was redefined and differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yungui Li
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
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26
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Takaki K, Wade AJ, Collins CD. Modelling the bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in agricultural food chains for regulatory exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4252-4260. [PMID: 26336843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
New models for estimating bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the agricultural food chain were developed using recent improvements to plant uptake and cattle transfer models. One model named AgriSim was based on K OW regressions of bioaccumulation in plants and cattle, while the other was a steady-state mechanistic model, AgriCom. The two developed models and European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES), as a benchmark, were applied to four reported food chain (soil/air-grass-cow-milk) scenarios to evaluate the performance of each model simulation against the observed data. The four scenarios considered were as follows: (1) polluted soil and air, (2) polluted soil, (3) highly polluted soil surface and polluted subsurface and (4) polluted soil and air at different mountain elevations. AgriCom reproduced observed milk bioaccumulation well for all four scenarios, as did AgriSim for scenarios 1 and 2, but EUSES only did this for scenario 1. The main causes of the deviation for EUSES and AgriSim were the lack of the soil-air-plant pathway and the ambient air-plant pathway, respectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that soil-air-plant and ambient air-plant pathway should be calculated separately and the K OW regression of transfer factor to milk used in EUSES be avoided. AgriCom satisfied the recommendations that led to the low residual errors between the simulated and the observed bioaccumulation in agricultural food chain for the four scenarios considered. It is therefore recommended that this model should be incorporated into regulatory exposure assessment tools. The model uncertainty of the three models should be noted since the simulated concentration in milk from 5th to 95th percentile of the uncertainty analysis often varied over two orders of magnitude. Using a measured value of soil organic carbon content was effective to reduce this uncertainty by one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Takaki
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DW, UK
| | - Andrew J Wade
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DW, UK
| | - Chris D Collins
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DW, UK.
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27
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Sun H, Guo S, Zhu N, Sang N, Chen Z. In situ determination of multiple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons uptake by crop leaf surfaces using multi-way models. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:523-529. [PMID: 27431694 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere can partition into agricultural crops, which poses a potential risk to human health through the food chain. In this study, controlled chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the kinetic uptake of anthracene (Ant), phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla) and pyrene (Pyr), individually or as a mixture, by the leaf surfaces of living soybean and corn seedlings using the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) coupled with three-way parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and n-way partial least squares (n-PLS). The four selected PAHs achieved equilibrium between the air and the two living crop leaf surfaces over the 15-day monitoring period. Inter-species and inter-chemical variability existed in terms of the time required to achieve equilibrium, mass transfer coefficients (kAL) and the equilibrated adsorption capacity (EAC), which was mainly attributed to the different lg KOA values among the four PAHs and the variable leaf-wax content between the soybean and corn species. Compared with when the PAHs existed singly, the time required to achieve adsorption equilibrium was longer while the EAC was reduced for each of the four PAHs in a mixture, which was attributed to competitive adsorption among the coexisting components. These findings prove that the novel analytical method provides a novel platform for the in situ characterization of the environmental behaviors of multiple PAHs, with their spectra overlapping, between the air and plant skin. The coexistence of multiple PAHs in the air inhibits their individual uptake capacity by crop leaf skin, but increases the total adsorption of PAHs, potentially reducing crop security and increasing human health risk via the terrestrial food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Sun
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Na Zhu
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Zhang Chen
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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28
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Bao Z, Haberer CM, Maier U, Beckingham B, Amos RT, Grathwohl P. Modeling short-term concentration fluctuations of semi-volatile pollutants in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:159-167. [PMID: 27341116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperature changes can drive cycling of semi-volatile pollutants between different environmental compartments (e.g. atmosphere, soil, plants). To evaluate the impact of daily temperature changes on atmospheric concentration fluctuations we employed a physically based model coupling soil, plants and the atmosphere, which accounts for heat transport, effective gas diffusion, sorption and biodegradation in the soil as well as eddy diffusion and photochemical oxidation in the atmospheric boundary layer of varying heights. The model results suggest that temperature-driven re-volatilization and uptake in soils cannot fully explain significant diurnal concentration fluctuations of atmospheric pollutants as for example observed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This holds even for relatively low water contents (high gas diffusivity) and high sorption capacity of the topsoil (high organic carbon content and high pollutant concentration in the topsoil). Observed concentration fluctuations, however, can be easily matched if a rapidly-exchanging environmental compartment, such as a plant layer, is introduced. At elevated temperatures, plants release organic pollutants, which are rapidly distributed in the atmosphere by eddy diffusion. For photosensitive compounds, e.g. some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), decreasing atmospheric concentrations would be expected during daytime for the bare soil scenario. This decline is buffered by a plant layer, which acts as a ground-level reservoir. The modeling results emphasize the importance of a rapidly-exchanging compartment above ground to explain short-term atmospheric concentration fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Bao
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christina M Haberer
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uli Maier
- Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Beckingham
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, 202 Calhoun Street, Charleston, SC 29041, United States
| | - Richard T Amos
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Peter Grathwohl
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Limmer M, Burken J. Phytovolatilization of Organic Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6632-43. [PMID: 27249664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants can interact with a variety of organic compounds, and thereby affect the fate and transport of many environmental contaminants. Volatile organic compounds may be volatilized from stems or leaves (direct phytovolatilization) or from soil due to plant root activities (indirect phytovolatilization). Fluxes of contaminants volatilizing from plants are important across scales ranging from local contaminant spills to global fluxes of methane emanating from ecosystems biochemically reducing organic carbon. In this article past studies are reviewed to clearly differentiate between direct- and indirect-phytovolatilization and we discuss the plant physiology driving phytovolatilization in different ecosystems. Current measurement techniques are also described, including common difficulties in experimental design. We also discuss reports of phytovolatilization in the literature, finding that compounds with low octanol-air partitioning coefficients are more likely to be phytovolatilized (log KOA < 5). Reports of direct phytovolatilization at field sites compare favorably to model predictions. Finally, future research needs are presented that could better quantify phytovolatilization fluxes at field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Limmer
- University of Delaware , Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Burken
- Missouri University of Science and Technology , Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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30
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Hurtado C, Domínguez C, Pérez-Babace L, Cañameras N, Comas J, Bayona JM. Estimate of uptake and translocation of emerging organic contaminants from irrigation water concentration in lettuce grown under controlled conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 305:139-148. [PMID: 26651071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread distribution of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in the water cycle can lead to their incorporation in irrigated crops, posing a potential risk for human consumption. To gain further insight into the processes controlling the uptake of organic microcontaminants, Batavia lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under controlled conditions was watered with EOCs (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, sulfonamides, β-blockers, phenolic estrogens, anticonvulsants, stimulants, polycyclic musks, biocides) at different concentrations (0-40μgL(-1)). Linear correlations were obtained between the EOC concentrations in the roots and leaves and the watering concentrations for most of the contaminants investigated. However, large differences were found in the root concentration factors ( [Formula: see text] =0.27-733) and leaf translocation concentration factors ( [Formula: see text] =0-3) depending on the persistence of the target contaminants in the rhizosphere and the specific physicochemical properties of each one. With the obtained dataset, a simple predictive model based on a linear regression and the root bioconcentration and translocation factors can be used to estimate the concentration of the target EOCs in leaves based on the dose supplied in the irrigation water or the soil concentration. Finally, enantiomeric fractionation of racemic ibuprofen from the initial spiking mixture suggests that biodegradation mainly occurs in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hurtado
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorea Pérez-Babace
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Cañameras
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Jordi Comas
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Josep M Bayona
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Zhu H, Sun H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Li B, Zhou Q. Uptake Pathway, Translocation, and Isomerization of Hexabromocyclododecane Diastereoisomers by Wheat in Closed Chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2652-9. [PMID: 26824278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To study the uptake pathways of 3 main hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs) in wheat, four closed chambers were designed to expose wheat to HBCDs via air and/or soil for 4 weeks. The results showed that HBCDs could be absorbed by wheat both via root from soil and via leaf from air. The Rt values (ratio of HBCDs from root-to-leaf translocation to the total accumulation in leaves) ranging from 14.4 to 29.8% suggested that acropetal translocation within wheat was limited. A negative linear relationship was found between log Rt and log Kow of the HBCD diastereoisomers (p < 0.05). The bioconcentration factors (BCFs, (μg/g wheat tissues)/(μg/g soil)) were in the order α- > β- > γ-HBCD in wheat roots and stems, being negatively related to their Kow values. No such correlation was found in leaves, where the HBCDs came mainly from air distribution. The results of enantiomeric fractions indicated that the (-)-enantiomer of α- and γ-HBCDs and the (+)-β-enantiomer were selectively accumulated. Furthermore, β- and γ-HBCDs were transformed to α-HBCD in the wheat, with 0.309-4.80% and 0.920-8.40% bioisomerization efficiencies at the end of the experiment, respectively, being the highest in leaves. Additionally, no isomerization product from α-HBCD was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute , Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jiayao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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32
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Miller EL, Nason SL, Karthikeyan KG, Pedersen JA. Root Uptake of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Product Ingredients. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:525-41. [PMID: 26619126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Crops irrigated with reclaimed wastewater or grown in biosolids-amended soils may take up pharmaceuticals and personal care product ingredients (PPCPs) through their roots. The uptake pathways followed by PPCPs and the propensity for these compounds to bioaccumulate in food crops are still not well understood. In this critical review, we discuss processes expected to influence root uptake of PPCPs, evaluate current literature on uptake of PPCPs, assess models for predicting plant uptake of these compounds, and provide recommendations for future research, highlighting processes warranting study that hold promise for improving mechanistic understanding of plant uptake of PPCPs. We find that many processes that are expected to influence PPCP uptake and accumulation have received little study, particularly rhizosphere interactions, in planta transformations, and physicochemical properties beyond lipophilicity (as measured by Kow). Data gaps and discrepancies in methodology and reporting have so far hindered development of models that accurately predict plant uptake of PPCPs. Topics warranting investigation in future research include the influence of rhizosphere processes on uptake, determining mechanisms of uptake and accumulation, in planta transformations, the effects of PPCPs on plants, and the development of predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Miller
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, ‡Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sara L Nason
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, ‡Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - K G Karthikeyan
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, ‡Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joel A Pedersen
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, ‡Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Chen ZX, Ni HG, Jing X, Chang WJ, Sun JL, Zeng H. Plant uptake, translocation, and return of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via fine root branch orders in a subtropical forest ecosystem. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 131:192-200. [PMID: 25863163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots of woody plants are a heterogeneous system differing markedly in structure and function. Nevertheless, knowledge about the plant uptake of organic pollutants via fine roots is scarce to date. In the present study, plant uptake, translocation, and return of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via fine roots in a subtropical forest ecosystem were investigated. Levels of Σ15PAHs in different fine root branch orders of Michelia macclurei, Cryptocarya concinna, Cryptocarya chinensis, and Canthium dicoccums varied from 5072±1419 ng g(-1) to 6080±1656 ng g(-1), 4037±410 ng g(-1) to 6101±972 ng g(-1), 3308±1191 ng g(-1) to 4283±237 ng g(-1), and 3737±800 ng g(-1) to 4895±1216 ng g(-1), respectively. Overall, concentrations of low-molecular-weight PAHs with 2-3 aromatic rings were higher than high-molecular-weight PAHs with 4-6 aromatic rings in all fine root branch orders. There were obvious translocations of PAHs between adjacent branch orders and a net accumulation of PAHs may occur in the fourth- and fifth-order roots. The storage of PAHs in the fine root system showed an obvious increasing trend along the branch orders ascending for all tree species. The return flux of PAHs via fine roots mortality showed an obvious decreasing trend with the branch orders ascending across the four tree species. Lower order roots contributed greatly to the total PAHs return flux. Our results indicated that fine roots turnover is an effective pathway for perennial tree species to remove environmental toxicants absorbed into them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xia Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong-Gang Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian-Lin Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Su Y, Liang Y. Foliar uptake and translocation of formaldehyde with Bracket plants (Chlorophytum comosum). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 291:120-128. [PMID: 25771217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The foliar uptake and transport of formaldehyde into Bracket plants from air via leaves and roots to external water was investigated in an air-plant-water system. The results indicated that formaldehyde could be quickly taken up by plant tissues, and that formaldehyde accumulated in leaves could be released rapidly back into air when the formaldehyde level in air was diminished. This rapid reversible translocation of formaldehyde between plant leaves and air resulted in high formaldehyde concentrations in leaf dews, depending upon exposure levels of formaldehyde in air. Meanwhile, formaldehyde could be transported from air to plant rhizosphere solution through downward transport. The concentration of formaldehyde in rhizosphere solutions increased with exposure time and the formaldehyde level in air. The efficiency of the leaf extracts to break down formaldehyde increased, probably because of an increase in oxidative potential of the leaf extracts. Taken together, the main mechanism of formaldehyde loss in air can be attributed to the accumulation by (or breakdown in) plant tissues; the removal rate of formaldehyde from air reached 135 μg h(-1) plant(-1) in the experimental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Su
- College of Chemistry and Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Academy of Institute of Xinjiang Product Quality Inspection, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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35
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Zhan X, Yuan J, Yue L, Xu G, Hu B, Xu R. Response of uptake and translocation of phenanthrene to nitrogen form in lettuce and wheat seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6280-7. [PMID: 25408074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread chemicals that are potentially carcinogenic and toxic to human due to dietary intake of food crops contaminated by PAHs. To date, the mechanisms underlying root uptake and acropetal translocation of PAHs in crops are poorly understood. Here we describe uptake and translocation of phenanthrene (a model PAH) in relation to nitrogen form and concentration in wheat and lettuce seedlings. At concentrations of 0-15 mM, phenanthrene uptake by roots is enhanced with an increase in ammonium and inhibited with an increment of nitrate. Phenanthrene concentration in shoots is much lower than in roots, suggesting that the direction of phenanthrene transport is acropetal. Ammonium reduces both phenanthrene accumulation and bioconcentration factor in shoots, as well as translocation factor, but nitrate elevates them. Phenanthrene uptake increases nutrient solution pH in the treatments with either nitrate or ammonium. Thus, it is concluded that the root uptake and acropetal translocation of phenanthrene in crops are associated with nitrogen form. Our results provide both a novel insight into the mechanism on PAH transport in higher plants and a promising agronomic strategy to minimize PAH contamination in crops or to improve phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils or water via nitrogen management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China,
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Sun JL, Wang YB, Zeng H, Ni HG. Parent and halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmed cockroaches and implications for human exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:256-262. [PMID: 25450942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal insects have been widely used to cure human diseases for ages. Nevertheless, knowledge about the toxic chemicals accumulated in medicinal insects and their effects on human health was insufficient. In the present study, sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nine halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) were determined in farmed medicinal cockroaches to address this issue. Total concentrations of PAHs in young nymphs, old nymphs, and adults ranged from 162 to 1025, 252 to 967, and 267 to 1168 ng/g, respectively. Levels of the sum of HPAHs varied from 0.84 to 9.17, 1.86 to 5.21, and 1.01 to 8.60 ng/g for young nymphs, old nymphs, and adults, respectively. The daily intake and excess cancer risk of PAHs and HPAHs were calculated for people who take cockroach-related drugs. Our results indicated that females and children have slightly higher exposure levels from the perspectives of gender and age, respectively. The estimated excess cancer risk of PAHs and HPAHs were both lower than the priority risk level (10(-4)), indicating a low potential carcinogenic risk with the medicinal cockroach consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan-Bing Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong-Gang Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Dela Cruz M, Christensen JH, Thomsen JD, Müller R. Can ornamental potted plants remove volatile organic compounds from indoor air? A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13909-13928. [PMID: 25056742 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are found in indoor air, and many of these can affect human health (e.g. formaldehyde and benzene are carcinogenic). Plants affect the levels of VOCs in indoor environments, thus they represent a potential green solution for improving indoor air quality that at the same time can improve human health. This article reviews scientific studies of plants' ability to remove VOCs from indoor air. The focus of the review is on pathways of VOC removal by the plants and factors affecting the efficiency and rate of VOC removal by plants. Laboratory based studies indicate that plant induced removal of VOCs is a combination of direct (e.g. absorption) and indirect (e.g. biotransformation by microorganisms) mechanisms. They also demonstrate that plants' rate of reducing the level of VOCs is influenced by a number of factors such as plant species, light intensity and VOC concentration. For instance, an increase in light intensity has in some studies been shown to lead to an increase in removal of a pollutant. Studies conducted in real-life settings such as offices and homes are few and show mixed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majbrit Dela Cruz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, HøjbakkegårdAllé 30, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark,
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38
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Takaki K, Wade AJ, Collins CD. Assessment of plant uptake models used in exposure assessment tools for soils contaminated with organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12073-12082. [PMID: 25203369 DOI: 10.1021/es501086x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and improve the accuracy of plant uptake models for neutral hydrophobic organic pollutants (1 < logK(OW) < 9, -8 < logK(AW) < 0) used in regulatory exposure assessment tools, using uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. The models considered were RAIDAR, EUSES, CSOIL, CLEA, and CalTOX. In this research, CSOIL demonstrated the best performance of all five exposure assessment tools for root uptake from polluted soil in comparison with observed data, but no model predicted shoot uptake well. Recalibration of the transpiration and volatilisation parameters improved the performance of CSOIL and CLEA. The dominant pathway for shoot uptake simulated differed according to the properties of the chemical under consideration; those with a higher air-water partition coefficient were transported into shoots via the soil-air-plant pathway, while chemicals with a lower octanol-water partition coefficient and air-water partition coefficient were transported via the root. The soil organic carbon content was a particularly sensitive parameter in each model and using a site specific value improved model performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Takaki
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading , Reading, RG6 6DW, United Kingdom
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39
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Zezulka S, Klemš M, Kummerová M. Root and foliar uptake, translocation, and distribution of [14C] fluoranthene in pea plants (Pisum sativum). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2308-12. [PMID: 24975487 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of (14)C-labeled fluoranthene ([(14)C]FLT) via both roots and leaves of Pisum sativum seedlings and distribution of [(14) C] in plants by both acropetal and basipetal transport was evaluated. The highest [(14)C] level was found in the root base (≈270 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) and the lowest level in the stem apex (<2 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) after just 2 h of root exposure. For foliar uptake, the highest level of [(14)C] was found in the stem and root apex (both ≈2 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) (except for treated leaves), while the lowest level was found in the root base (<0.6 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stěpán Zezulka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská, Brno, Czech Republic
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40
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Li L, Wang Q, Qiu X, Dong Y, Jia S, Hu J. Field determination and QSPR prediction of equilibrium-status soil/vegetation partition coefficient of PCDD/Fs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 276:278-286. [PMID: 24887127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing pseudo equilibrium-status soil/vegetation partition coefficient KSV, the quotient of respective concentrations in soil and vegetation of a certain substance at remote background areas, is essential in ecological risk assessment, however few previous attempts have been made for field determination and developing validated and reproducible structure-based estimates. In this study, KSV was calculated based on measurements of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F congeners in soil and moss (Dicranum angustum), and rouzi grass (Thylacospermum caespitosum) of two background sites, Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic and Zhangmu-Nyalam region of the Tibet Plateau, respectively. By both fugacity modeling and stepwise regression of field data, the air-water partition coefficient (KAW) and aqueous solubility (SW) were identified as the influential physicochemical properties. Furthermore, validated quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model was developed to extrapolate the KSV prediction to all 210 PCDD/F congeners. Molecular polarizability, molecular size and molecular energy demonstrated leading effects on KSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yian Dong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shenglan Jia
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jianxin Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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41
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Li Q, Chen B. Organic pollutant clustered in the plant cuticular membranes: visualizing the distribution of phenanthrene in leaf cuticle using two-photon confocal scanning laser microscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4774-81. [PMID: 24678956 DOI: 10.1021/es404976c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants play a key role in the transport and fate of organic pollutants. Cuticles on plant surfaces represent the first resistance for the uptake of airborne toxicants. In this study, a confocal scanning microscope enhanced with a two-photon laser was applied as a direct and noninvasive probe to explore the in situ uptake of a model pollutant, phenanthrene (PHE), into the cuticular membrane of a hypostomatic plant, Photinia serrulata. On the leaf cuticle surfaces, PHE forms clusters instead of being evenly distributed. The PHE distribution was quantified by the PHE fluorescence intensity. When PHE concentrations in water varying over 5 orders of magnitude were applied to the isolated cuticle, the accumulated PHE level by the cuticle was not vastly different, whether PHE was applied to the outer or inner side of the cuticle. Notably, PHE was found to diffuse via a channel-like pathway into the middle layer of the cuticle matrix, where it was identified to be composed of polymeric lipids. The strong affinity of PHE for polymeric lipids is a major contributor of the fugacity gradient driving the diffusive uptake of PHE in the cuticular membrane. Membrane lipids constitute important domains for hydrophobic interaction with pollutants, determining significant differentials of fugacities within the membrane microsystem. These, under unsteady conditions, contribute to enhance net transport and clustering along the z dimension. Moreover, the liquid-like state of polymeric lipids may promote mobility by enhancing the diffusion rate. The proposed "diffusive uptake and storage" function of polymeric lipids within the membrane characterizes the modality of accumulation of the hydrophobic contaminant at the interface between the plant and the environment. Assessing the capacity of fugacity of these constituents in detail will bring about knowledge of contaminant fate in superior plants with a higher level of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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42
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Ding C, Chang WJ, Zeng H, Ni HG. Field and modeling study of PBDEs uptake by three tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:923-928. [PMID: 24342099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative model was developed to predict the contributions of various pathways of taking up polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) into leaves of three evergreen tree species, including soil-root-leaf pathway, soil-air-leaf pathway, and gaseous deposition. The contributions of soil-root-leaf pathway were negligible for PBDE accumulation in leaves. Soil-air-leaf pathway accounted for 16.3% and 3.8% of the total BDE-28 and BDE-47 levels in leaves, respectively; but for the PBDE congeners with log KAW≤-4 and log KOA>11, this pathway was ignorable. The contributions of gaseous deposition varied widely, accounting for 10%-50% for BDE-28, 100, 153, 154, and 183, 34%-96% for BDE-47, and <5% for BDE-209 of the measured concentrations in leaves of the three tree species. Therefore, direct atmosphere deposition without the influence of soil volatilization was a significant pathway for foliar uptake of BDE-47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183 on a background of low contaminated soil. For BDE-209, atmospheric particulate deposition dominates its foliar uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong-Gang Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Reiche N, Mothes F, Fiedler P, Borsdorf H. A solid-phase microextraction method for the in vivo sampling of MTBE in common reed (Phragmites australis). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:7133-7144. [PMID: 23329197 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytoscreening of phytoremediation-based plantings is discussed as a promising monitoring tool in literature. We developed and applied an analytical procedure for the in vivo sampling of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in the common reed (Phragmites australis) from a phytoremediation site highly polluted with MTBE. The approach uses solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with the SPME fibre directly introduced into the aerenchyma of the plant stem. For optimising the analytical procedure and estimating the capability of the proposed method, laboratory tests on the microcosm scale and field studies over one vegetation period were carried out. Furthermore, the results of in vivo SPME sampling were compared with those obtained with the traditional approach for analysing plants using dynamic headspace analysis. The MTBE signals detected within the plants were also correlated with the concentration in the water phase. The discussion of results showed the feasibility of the proposed method for a qualitative phytoscreening of volatile organic compounds present in wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Reiche
- Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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44
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Desalme D, Binet P, Chiapusio G. Challenges in tracing the fate and effects of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in vascular plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3967-3981. [PMID: 23560697 DOI: 10.1021/es304964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that raise environmental concerns because of their toxicity. Their accumulation in vascular plants conditions harmful consequences to human health because of their position in the food chain. Consequently, understanding how atmospheric PAHs are taken up in plant tissues is crucial for risk assessment. In this review we synthesize current knowledge about PAH atmospheric deposition, accumulation in both gymnosperms and angiosperms, mechanisms of transfer, and ecological and physiological effects. PAHs emitted in the atmosphere partition between gas and particulate phases and undergo atmospheric deposition on shoots and soil. Most PAH concentration data from vascular plant leaves suggest that contamination occurs by both direct (air-leaf) and indirect (air-soil-root) pathways. Experimental studies demonstrate that PAHs affect plant growth, interfering with plant carbon allocation and root symbioses. Photosynthesis remains the most studied physiological process affected by PAHs. Among scientific challenges, identifying specific physiological transfer mechanisms and improving the understanding of plant-symbiont interactions in relation to PAH pollution remain pivotal for both fundamental and applied environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Desalme
- UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 ChronoEnvironnement, Université de Franche Comté BP 71427, 25 211 Montbéliard, France
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45
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Jandrić Z, Rathor MN, Chhem-Kieth S, Adu-Gyamfi J, Mayr L, Resch C, Bado S, Švarc-Gajić J, Cannavan A. Uptake of (14)C-atropine and/or its transformation products from soil by wheat (Triticum aestivum var Kronjet) and their translocation to shoots. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2013; 48:1034-1042. [PMID: 24007480 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.824281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake of toxins and their translocation to edible plant parts are important processes in the transfer of contaminants into the food chain. Atropine, a highly toxic muscarine receptor antagonist produced by Solanacea species, is found in all plant tissues and can enter the soil and hence be available for uptake by crops. The absorption of atropine and/or its transformation products from soil by wheat (Triticum aestivum var Kronjet) and its distribution to shoots was investigated by growing wheat in soil spiked with unlabeled or (14)C-labeled atropine. Radioactivity attributable to (14)C-atropine and its transformation products was measurable in plants sampled at 15 d after sowing (DAS) and thereafter until the end of experiment. The highest accumulation of (14)C-atropine and/or its transformation products by plants was detected in leaves (between 73 and 90% of the total accumulated) with lower amounts in stems, roots, and seeds (approximately 14%, 9%, and 3%, respectively). (14)C-Atropine and/or its transformation products were detected in soil leachate at 30, 60, and 90 DAS and were strongly adsorbed to soil, with 60% of the applied dose adsorbed at 30 DAS, plateauing at 70% from 60 DAS. Unlabeled atropine was detected in shoots 30 DAS at a concentration of 3.9 ± 0.1 μg kg(-1) (mean ± SD). The observed bioconcentration factor was 2.3 ± 0.04. The results suggest a potential risk of atropine toxicity to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Jandrić
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
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Wilson J, Bartz R, Limmer M, Burken J. Plants as bio-indicators of subsurface conditions: impact of groundwater level on BTEX concentrations in trees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:900-10. [PMID: 23819284 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.765769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated trees' ability to extract and translocate moderately hydrophobic contaminants, and sampling trees for compounds such as BTEX can help delineate plumes in the field. However, when BTEX is detected in the groundwater, detection in nearby trees is not as reliable an indicator of subsurface contamination as other compounds such as chlorinated solvents. Aerobic rhizospheric and bulk soil degradation is a potential explanation for the observed variability of BTEX in trees as compared to groundwater concentrations. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of groundwater level on BTEX concentrations in tree tissue. The central hypothesis was increased vadose zone thickness promotes biodegradation of BTEX leading to lower BTEX concentrations in overlying trees. Storage methods for tree core samples were also investigated as a possible reason for tree cores revealing lower than expected BTEX levels in some sampling efforts. The water level hypothesis was supported in a greenhouse study, where water table level was found to significantly affect tree BTEX concentrations, indicating that the influx of oxygen coupled with the presence of the tree facilitates aerobic biodegradation of BTEX in the vadose zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wilson
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
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Wilson J, Bartz R, Limmer M, Burken J. Plants as bio-indicators of subsurface conditions: impact of groundwater level on BTEX concentrations in trees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:257-267. [PMID: 23488011 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.694499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated trees' ability to extract and translocate moderately hydrophobic contaminants, and sampling trees for compounds such as BTEX can help delineate plumes in the field. However, when BTEX is detected in the groundwater, detection in nearby trees is not as reliable an indicator of subsurface contamination as other compounds such as chlorinated solvents. Aerobic rhizospheric and bulk soil degradation is a potential explanation for the observed variability of BTEX in trees as compared to groundwater concentrations. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of groundwater level on BTEX concentrations in tree tissue. The central hypothesis was increased vadose zone thickness promotes biodegradation of BTEX leading to lower BTEX concentrations in overlying trees. Storage methods for tree core samples were also investigated as a possible reason for tree cores revealing lower than expected BTEX levels in some sampling efforts. The water level hypothesis was supported in a greenhouse study, where water table level was found to significantly affect tree BTEX concentrations, indicating that the influx of oxygen coupled with the presence of the tree facilitates aerobic biodegradation of BTEX in the vadose zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wilson
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
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Peng C, Ouyang Z, Wang M, Chen W, Jiao W. Vegetative cover and PAHs accumulation in soils of urban green space. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 161:36-42. [PMID: 22230065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how urban land uses influence soil accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urban green spaces composed of different vegetative cover. How did soil properties, urbanization history, and population density affect the outcomes were also considered. Soils examined were obtained at 97 green spaces inside the Beijing metropolis. PAH contents of the soils were influenced most significantly by their proximity to point source of industries such as the coal combustion installations. Beyond the influence circle of industrial emissions, land use classifications had no significant effect on the extent of PAH accumulation in soils. Instead, the nature of vegetative covers affected PAH contents of the soils. Tree-shrub-herb and woodland settings trapped more airborne PAH and soils under these vegetative patterns accumulated more PAHs than those of the grassland. Urbanization history, population density and soil properties had no apparent impact on PAHs accumulations in soils of urban green space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
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Wang YC, Qiao M, Liu YX, Arp HPH, Zhu YG. Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake pathways and risk assessment of vegetables from waste-water irrigated areas in northern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:433-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0em00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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