1
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de Gracia Triviño JA, Ahlquist MSG. Removing the Barrier in O-O Bond Formation Via the Combination of Intramolecular Radical Coupling and the Oxide Relay Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3794-3800. [PMID: 38709647 PMCID: PMC11103688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The Ru(tda) catalyst has been a major milestone in the development of molecular water oxidation catalysts due to its outstanding performance at neutral pH. The role of the noncoordinating carboxylate group is to act as a nucleophile, donating an oxygen atom to the oxo group, thereby acting as an oxide relay (OR) mechanism for O-O bond formation. A substitution of the carboxylates for phosphonate groups has been proposed, resulting in the Ru(tPaO) catalyst, which has shown even more efficient performance in experimental characterization. In this study, we explore the feasibility of the OR mechanism in the newly reported Ru(tPaO) molecular catalyst. We investigated the catalytic cycle using density functional theory and identified a variation of the OR mechanism that involves radical oxygen atoms in O-O bond formation. We have also determined that the subsequent hydroxide nucleophilic attack is the sole rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle. All activation free energies are very low, with a free-energy barrier of 2.1 kcal/mol for O-O bond formation and 4.2 kcal/mol for OH- nucleophilic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Angel de Gracia Triviño
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School
of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- PDC
Center for High-Performance Computing, School of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten S. G. Ahlquist
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School
of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Marchini E, Caramori S, Carli S. Metal Complexes for Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells (DSPECs). Molecules 2024; 29:293. [PMID: 38257206 PMCID: PMC10818894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Mallouk's earliest contribution, dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have emerged as a promising class of photoelectrochemical devices capable of storing solar light into chemical bonds. This review primarily focuses on metal complexes outlining stabilization strategies and applications. The ubiquity and safety of water have made its splitting an extensively studied reaction; here, we present some examples from the outset to recent advancements. Additionally, alternative oxidative pathways like HX splitting and organic reactions mediated by a redox shuttle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Carli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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3
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Morozkov GV, Abel AS, Lyssenko KA, Roznyatovsky VA, Averin AD, Beletskaya IP, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A. Ruthenium(II) complexes with phosphonate-substituted phenanthroline ligands as reusable photoredox catalysts. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:535-551. [PMID: 38053435 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ru(II) complexes with polypyridyl ligands (2,2'-bipyridine = bpy, 1,10-phenanthroline = phen) play a central role in the development of photocatalytic organic reactions. In this work, we synthesized four mixed-ligand [Ru(phen)(bpy)2]2+-type complexes (Ru-Pcat-A) bearing two phosphonate substituents P(O)(OH)(OR) (R = H, Et) attached to the phen core at positions 3,8 (Ru-3,8PH and Ru-3,8PHEt) and 4,7 (Ru-4,7PH and Ru-4,7PHEt) of the heterocycle in high yields (87-99%) and characterized them using spectral methods. Single crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the coordination mode of the ditopic phen ligand in Ru-4,7PH. This complex exists as the neutral species and forms a 1D hydrogen-bonded framework in the crystals. The light absorption characteristics were found to be similar for all complexes prepared in this work. However, the emission maxima in aqueous solutions were significantly affected by the substitution of the heterocycle, ranging from 629 nm for Ru-4,7PH to 661 nm for Ru-3,8PHEt. The emission quantum yields in Ar-saturated deionized water showed a strong dependence on the substitution pattern of the phen ligand, with maximal values reaching approximately 0.11 for Ru-4,7PHEt and Ru-4,7PH, which is twice as high as that of the classical [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex (Ru-bpy). The photocatalytic performance of Ru-Pcat-A was investigated using visible light photoredox catalytic transformations of tertiary amines. With Ru-Pcat-A, we achieved the phosphonylation of N-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) and cyanation of THIQs and N,N-dimethylaniline in methanol, while a mixture of nitromethane/methanol (1 : 1 v/v) proved to be the optimal solvent for conducting the nitromethylation of THIQs. In the majority of the studied reactions, Ru-4,7PHEt exhibited greater efficiency compared to Ru-bpy, and it could be easily separated from the products using water extraction and reused in the next catalytic cycle. We successfully performed seven consecutive nitromethylation and phosphonylation of N-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline using the recycled homogeneous photoredox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb V Morozkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton S Abel
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Miasnitskaya Str. 20, 101000, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Vitaly A Roznyatovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexei D Averin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 31, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Alla Bessmertnykh-Lemeune
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France.
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4
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Tang K, Shao JY, Zhong YW. A Multi-Pyridine-Anchored and -Linked Bilayer Photocathode for Water Reduction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302663. [PMID: 37782056 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient photocathodes is of critical importance for the constructions of promising tandem photo-electrochemical cells. Most known dye-sensitized photocathodes are prepared with the conventional carboxylic or phosphonic acid anchors and require the presence of other terminal linking groups to connect catalysts; they suffer from high synthetic difficulty and low adsorption stability in aqueous media. Here, a compact bilayer photocathode has been prepared by using a pyrene-based photosensitizer with multiple terminal pyridine moieties as both the anchoring and linking groups to connect a Co hydrogen-evolution catalyst to the NiO substrate. The catalyst and dye molecule are assembled in a layer-by-layer manner on NiO through the metal-pyridine coordination. This photocathode exhibits good dye adsorption stability in aqueous media. A stable cathodic photocurrent of 70 μA cm-2 was achieved, with H2 being generated at the photocathode under the visible-light irradiation. The Faraday efficiency of H2 evolution was estimated to be 9.1 %. Transient absorption spectral studies suggest that the interfacial hole transfer occurs within a few picoseconds. The integration of the organic photosensitizer with pyridine anchoring and linking groups is expected to provide a simple method for the fabrication of stable and efficient photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Knighton RC, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Polycationic Ru(II) Luminophores: Syntheses, Photophysics, and Application in Electrostatically Driven Sensitization of Lanthanide Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19446-19456. [PMID: 37984058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of photoluminescent Ru(II) polypyridine complexes have been synthesized in a manner that varies the extent of the cationic charge. Two ligand systems (L1 and L2), based upon 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) mono- or difunctionalized at the 5- or 5,5'-positions using N-methylimidazolium groups, were utilized. The resulting Ru(II) species therefore carried +3, +4, +6, and +8 complex moieties based on a [Ru(bipy)3]2+ core. Tetra-cationic [Ru(bipy)2(L2)][PF6]4 was characterized using XRD, revealing H-bonding interactions between two of the counteranions and the cationic unit. The ground-state features of the complexes were found to closely resemble those of the parent unfunctionalized [Ru(bipy)3]2+ complex. In contrast, the excited state properties produce a variation in emission maxima, including a bathochromic 44 nm shift of the 3MLCT band for the tetra-cationic complex; interestingly, further increases in overall charge to +6 and +8 produced a hypsochromic shift in the 3MLCT band. Supporting DFT calculations suggest that the trend in emission behavior may, in part, be due to the precise nature of the LUMO and its localization. The utility of a photoactive polycationic Ru(II) complex was then demonstrated through the sensitization of a polyanionic Yb(III) complex in free solution. The study shows that electrostatically driven ion pairing is sufficient to facilitate energy transfer between the 3MLCT donor state of the Ru(II) complex and the accepting 2F5/2 excited state of Yb(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Joseph M Beames
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, England
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
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6
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Saito D, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalysis of CO 2 Reduction by a Ru(II)–Ru(II) Supramolecular Catalyst Adsorbed on Al 2O 3. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739 8526, Japan
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7
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Unravelling the role of [Ru(bpy) 2(OH 2) 2] 2+ complexes in photo-activated chemotherapy. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111930. [PMID: 35841722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) has emerged as a promising strategy to selectively target cancer cells by using light irradiation to generate cytotoxic complexes in situ through a mechanism involving ligand-loss. Due to their rich optical properties and excited state chemistry, Ru polypyridyl complexes have attracted significant attention for PACT. However, studying PACT is complicated by the fact that many of these Ru complexes can also undergo excited-state electron transfer to generate 1O2 species. In order to deconvolute the biological roles of possible photo-decomposition products without the added complication of excited-state electron transfer chemistry, we have developed a methodology to systematically investigate each product individually, and assess the structure-function relationship. Here, we synthesized a series of eight distinct Ru polypyridyl complexes: Ru-Xa ([Ru(NN)3]2+), Ru-Xb ([Ru(NN)2py2]2+), and Ru-Xc ([Ru(NN)(OH2)2]2+) where NN = 2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, or dimethyl 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate and py = pyridine. The cytotoxicity of these complexes was investigated in two cell lines amenable to PACT: H23 (breast cancer) and T47D (lung cancer). We confirmed that light irradiation of Ru-Xa and Ru-Xb complexes generate Ru-Xc complexes through UV-visible spectroscopy, and observed that the Ru-Xc complexes are the most toxic against the cancer cell lines. In addition, we have shown that ligand release and biological activity including bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding, lipophilicity, and DNA interaction are altered when different groups are appended to the bipyridine ligands. We believe that the methodology presented here will enhance the development of more potent and selective PACT agents moving forward.
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8
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Troiano JL, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Optimization of Surface Loading of the Silatrane Anchoring Group on TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6582-6589. [PMID: 35076223 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anchoring groups are usually needed for the attachment of small molecules to metal oxide surfaces such as in water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs). Here, we optimize the surface loading onto titanium dioxide surfaces of the silatrane anchoring group, a triethanolamine-protected trialkoxysilane. This anchoring group is not yet widely used because prior protocols afforded low surface coverage, but it has the advantage of high stability over a wide pH range and at both oxidizing and reducing potentials when bound. A new and improved method for estimating surface coverage is described here and used to determine that loading using previously reported binding protocols is very low. However, we were able to uncover several factors contributing to this low loading, which has allowed us to develop methods to greatly improve surface coverage for a variety of silatranes. Most notably, we were able to increase the loading of a model arylsilatrane by 145% through use of a benzoic acid additive. This is not general acid catalysis because alkylsilatranes are not similarly affected and 4-t-butylbenzoic acid, having a similar pKa to benzoic acid, is not effective. Because the bulky t-butyl group of the latter additive is not expected to pi-stack with our arylsilatrane, we have tentatively assigned this enhancement to aromatic stacking between the aromatic additive and the arylsilatrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Troiano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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9
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Bühler J, Zurflüh J, Siol S, Blacque O, Sévery L, Tilley D. Electrochemical Ruthenium-Catalysed C–H Activation in Water Through Heterogenization of a Molecular Catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient catalytic oxidative C–H activation of organic substrates remains an important challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we show that the combination of a transition metal catalyst, surface immobilisation and an...
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10
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Zhang G, Liu J, Liu C, Ding F, Li Y, Tang H, Ma M. Phosphate Group-Derivated Bipyridine-Ruthenium Complex and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensing of Protein Kinase Activity. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4451-4460. [PMID: 34870972 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of protein kinase activity is of significance for fundamentals of biochemistry, biomedical diagnose, and drug screening. To reduce the usage of a relatively complicated bio-labeled signal probe, the phosphate group-derivated bipyridine-ruthenium (Pbpy-Ru) complex and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were employed as signal probes to develop an electrochemical sensor for evaluating the protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Through the specific interaction between the phosphate groups and TiO2 NPs, the preparation of a Pbpy-Ru-TiO2 NP signal probe and its linkage with the phosphorylated PKA substrate peptides could be performed in a simple and effective way. The tethering of Pbpy-Ru onto the TiO2 NP surface does not degrade the electrochemical property of the complex. The Pbpy-Ru-TiO2 NP probe exhibits well-defined redox signals at about 1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl reference and notably has about fivefold current response than that of the TiO2 NPs with physically adsorbed tris-(bipyridine)-Ru. The PKA activity evaluation was realized by measuring the electrochemical response of the Pbpy-Ru-TiO2 NPs at the phosphorylated peptide-assembled electrode. Operating at optimal conditions, the cathodic signals at the potential of 1.03 V exhibit a good linearity with the PKA concentrations of 0.5-40 U mL-1. The electrochemical sensor shows good selectivity, low detection limit (0.2 U mL-1, signal/noise = 3), qualified reproducibility, and satisfactory applicability for PKA determination in the cell lysate. The Pbpy-Ru-TiO2 NPs/electrode system would be an excellent electrochemical platform for protein phosphorylation monitoring and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Mu X, Tu R, Wang H, Li MJ, Fu F. Amino group-driven distinguishing homocysteine from cysteine and glutathione in photoluminesecent signal of the iridium(III) complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120167. [PMID: 34280797 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, six iridium(III) complexes have been designed, synthesized and characterized. The molecular structures of complex 1 ([(pba)2Ir(bpy-2N(CH3)2)]PF6), 2 ([(pba)2Ir(bpy-2NH2)]PF6) and 3 ([(pba)2Ir(bpy-2CH3)]PF6) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Upon addition of Hcy (homocysteine) to the solution of complex 1, a luminescent variation from orange red to green was observed by the naked eye, corresponding to a large blue shift from 604 nm to 498 nm (~106 nm). While the emission intensity of complex 1 was almost no change after addition of other common amino acids including Cys (cysteine) and GSH (glutathione). The aldehyde group of complex 1 formed a new thiazinane/thiazolidine ring with Hcy/Cys confirmed by 1H NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. And the new product 1-Hcy had a higher quantum yield than 1-Cys. Theoretical calculations showed that the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) of 1-Hcy was located on the newly formed six-membered thiazinane ring, which was different from the HOMO of 1-Cys. Compared with the other iridium(III) complexes, we can speculate that the large blue shift and enhancement of the emission intensity of the complex 1 were related to the strong electron donating ability of the modified amino groups on bipyridine ligand. This will provide an idea for the design of ratio-based luminescence probes for Hcy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Mu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (Ministry of Education and Fujian Province), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China
| | - Rui Tu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (Ministry of Education and Fujian Province), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China
| | - Huili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (Ministry of Education and Fujian Province), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China
| | - Mei-Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (Ministry of Education and Fujian Province), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China.
| | - Fengfu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (Ministry of Education and Fujian Province), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China.
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12
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Giannoudis E, Bold S, Müller C, Schwab A, Bruhnke J, Queyriaux N, Gablin C, Leonard D, Saint-Pierre C, Gasparutto D, Aldakov D, Kupfer S, Artero V, Dietzek B, Chavarot-Kerlidou M. Hydrogen Production at a NiO Photocathode Based on a Ruthenium Dye-Cobalt Diimine Dioxime Catalyst Assembly: Insights from Advanced Spectroscopy and Post-operando Characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49802-49815. [PMID: 34637266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of hydrogen by efficient, low-cost, and integrated photoelectrochemical water splitting processes represents an important target for the ecological transition. This challenge can be addressed thanks to bioinspired chemistry and artificial photosynthesis approaches by designing dye-sensitized photocathodes for hydrogen production, incorporating bioinspired first-row transition metal-based catalysts. The present work describes the preparation and photoelectrochemical characterization of a NiO photocathode sensitized with a phosphonate-derivatized ruthenium tris-diimine photosensitizer covalently linked to a cobalt diimine dioxime hydrogen-evolving catalyst. Under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation, hydrogen is produced with photocurrent densities reaching 84 ± 7 μA·cm-2, which is among the highest values reported so far for dye-sensitized photocathodes with surface-immobilized catalysts. Thanks to the unique combination of advanced spectroscopy and surface characterization techniques, the fast desorption of the dyad from the NiO electrode and the low yield of electron transfer to the catalyst, resulting in the Co demetallation from the diimine dioxime framework, were identified as the main barriers limiting the performances and the stability of the system. This work therefore paves the way for a more rational design of molecular photocathodes for solar fuel production and represents a further step toward the development of sustainable processes for the production of hydrogen from sunlight and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Giannoudis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian Bold
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Schwab
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jakob Bruhnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicolas Queyriaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Gablin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Leonard
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Didier Gasparutto
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dmitry Aldakov
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Artero
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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13
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Plutnar J, Pumera M. Applications of Atomic Layer Deposition in Design of Systems for Energy Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102088. [PMID: 34365720 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a huge demand for clean energy conversion in all industries. The clean energy production processes include electrocatalytic and photocatalytic conversion of water to hydrogen, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen conversion to ammonia, and oxygen reduction reaction and require novel cheap and efficient photo- and electrocatalysts and their scalable methods of fabrication. Atomic layer deposition is a thin film deposition method that allows to deposit thin layers of catalysts on virtually any surface of any shape, size, and porosity in an even and easy to control manner. Here the state of the art in applications of atomic layer deposition in the clean energy production and the opportunities it represents for the whole field of the photo- and electrocatalysis for a sustainable future are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plutnar
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Korea
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14
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Dye-sensitized photoanode decorated with pyridine additives for efficient solar water oxidation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Wahyuono RA, Braumüller M, Bold S, Amthor S, Nauroozi D, Plentz J, Wächtler M, Rau S, Dietzek B. Localizing the initial excitation - A case study on NiO photocathodes using Ruthenium dipyridophenazine complexes as sensitizers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119507. [PMID: 33578124 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the localization of the initially excited electronic state within the molecular framework of a series of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ derivatives (bpy:2,2'-bipyridine, dppz: dipyrido-phenazine) as sensitizers in NiO based photocathodes. The introduction of conjugated linkers with phenylene and triazole moieties in the bpy ligand sphere separates the NiO surface from the metal center and hence is considered to stabilize the charge separated state, which results from light-driven hole injection. However, introduction of the conjugated linkers also alters the localization of the excess electron density in the excited state within the ligand sphere and impacts the extent to which the charge-separated state is formed. The study emphasizes that tuning the ligand with the lowest-energy π* orbital distal or proximal to the NiO surface significantly affects the initial charge-separation and the solar cell performance. The stability of the charge-separated state correlates with the observed photocurrents in dye-sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the study challenges the widely accepted concept that the introduction of extended anchoring groups, i.e. increasing Ru - NiO distance, stabilizes the charge-separated state and suppresses charge recombination at the metal-oxide molecule interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Agung Wahyuono
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Sukolilo, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Markus Braumüller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bold
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian Amthor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Plentz
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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16
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Highly sensitive detection of Hg2+ using ruthenium complex-based probe in water. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Nishioka S, Oshima T, Hirai S, Saito D, Hojo K, Mallouk TE, Maeda K. Excited Carrier Dynamics in a Dye-Sensitized Niobate Nanosheet Photocatalyst for Visible-Light Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Takayoshi Oshima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shota Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Koya Hojo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Thomas E. Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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18
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Saito D, Yamazaki Y, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalysis of a Dinuclear Ru(II)-Re(I) Complex for CO 2 Reduction on a Solid Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19249-19258. [PMID: 33121248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of CO2-reduction photocatalysts is one of the main targets in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Recently, numerous hybrid systems in which supramolecular photocatalysts comprised of a photosensitizer and catalytic-metal-complex units are immobilized on inorganic solid materials, such as semiconductors or mesoporous organosilica, have been reported as CO2-reduction photocatalysts for various functions, including water oxidation and light harvesting. In the present study, we investigated the photocatalytic properties of supramolecular photocatalysts comprised of a Ru(II)-complex photosensitizer and a Re(I)-complex catalyst fixed on the surface of insulating Al2O3 particles: the distance among the supramolecular photocatalyst molecules should be fixed. Visible-light irradiation of the photocatalyst in the presence of an electron donor under a CO2 atmosphere produced CO selectively. Although CO formation was also observed for a 1:1 mixture of mononuclear Ru(II) and Re(I) complexes attached to an Al2O3 surface, the photocatalytic activity was much lower. The activity of the Al2O3-supported photocatalyst was strongly dependent on the adsorption density of the supramolecular moiety, where the initial rate of photocatalytic CO formation was faster at lower density and higher photocatalyst durability was achieved at higher density. One of the main reasons for the former phenomenon is the decreased quenching fraction of the excited state of the photosensitizer unit by the reductant dissolved in the solution phase in the case of higher density. This is due to the self-quenching of the excited photosensitizer unit and steric hindrance between the condensed supramolecular photocatalyst molecules attached to the surface. The higher durability of the more condensed system is caused by intermolecular electron transfer between reduced supramolecular photocatalyst molecules, which accelerates the formation of CO in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Coadsorption of a Ru(II) mononuclear complex as a redox photosensitizer could drastically reinforce the photocatalysis of the supramolecular photocatalyst on the surface of the Al2O3 particles: more than 10 times higher turnover number and about 3.4 times higher turnover frequency of CO formation. These investigations provide new architectures for the construction of efficient and durable hybrid photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction, which are composed of metal-complex photocatalysts and solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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19
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Zhu Y, Wang D, Huang Q, Du J, Sun L, Li F, Meyer TJ. Stabilization of a molecular water oxidation catalyst on a dye-sensitized photoanode by a pyridyl anchor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4610. [PMID: 32929088 PMCID: PMC7490713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the properties of water-splitting assemblies in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells is a key to the exploitation of their properties. We demonstrate here that, following surface loading of a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) chromophore on nanoparticle electrodes, addition of the molecular catalysts, Ru(bda)(L)2 (bda = 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylate) with phosphonate or pyridyl sites for water oxidation, gives surfaces with a 5:1 chromophore to catalyst ratio. Addition of the surface-bound phosphonate derivatives with L = 4-pyridyl phosphonic acid or diethyl 3-(pyridin-4-yloxy)decyl-phosphonic acid, leads to well-defined surfaces but, following oxidation to Ru(III), they undergo facile, on-surface dimerization to give surface-bound, oxo-bridged dimers. The dimers have a diminished reactivity toward water oxidation compared to related monomers in solution. By contrast, immobilization of the Ru-bda catalyst on TiO2 with the 4,4′-dipyridyl anchoring ligand can maintain the monomeric structure of catalyst and gives relatively stable photoanodes with photocurrents that reach to 1.7 mA cm−2 with an optimized, applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 1.5%. Understanding the properties of water-splitting assemblies in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells is a key challenge in artificial photosynthesis. Here, the authors report the importance of anchoring groups on a water oxidation catalyst in determining active species on metal oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Degao Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Qing Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Jian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden.,Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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20
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Bobo MV, Paul A, Robb AJ, Arcidiacono AM, Smith MD, Hanson K, Vannucci AK. Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes Containing 4,4′-Bis(phosphonomethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine Ligands: Photophysics, Electrochemistry, and High-Voltage Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6351-6358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Victoria Bobo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Avishek Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Alex J. Robb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ashley M. Arcidiacono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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21
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Amthor S, Braun H, Gröne J, Nauroozi D, Jacob T, Rau S. Tailored protective groups for surface immobilization of ruthenium dyes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3735-3742. [PMID: 31728474 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
McKenna reaction conditions are applied to the [Ru(4,4'-(CH2PO3Et2)2(bpy)](PF6)2 model chromophore in order to obtain [Ru(4,4'-(CH2PO3TMS2)2(bpy)](Br2-x)(PF6)x (x = 0-2) (2) by replacing the alkyl moieties of the phosphonates with TMS groups (TMS = trimethylsilyl). The model complex is immobilized onto both NiO powder and NiO electrodes on FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide) using organic solvents. The stability of surface binding in aqueous media and the DSC performance of 2 are tested and compared to those of a conventional dye of structure [Ru(4,4'-(CH2PO3TBA2)2(bpy)](PF6)2 (1) (TBA = tetrabutyl ammonium). This is the first example of a ruthenium based chromophore with a phosphonic acid silyl-ester being directly immobilized onto a NiO surface. In addition, complex 2 exhibits superior stability towards desorption in aqueous media and at the same time showing improved DSC performance and stability in acetonitrile and a slightly higher dye loading on the electrode surface compared to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Amthor
- Ulm University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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22
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Waters GD, Carrick JD. Convergent access to bis-1,2,4-triazinyl-2,2'-bipyridines (BTBPs) and 2,2'-bipyridines via a Pd-catalyzed Ullman-type reaction. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10807-10815. [PMID: 35492897 PMCID: PMC9050362 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00673d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidentate, soft-Lewis basic, complexant scaffolds have displayed significant potential in the discrete speciation of the minor actinides from the neutron-absorbing lanthanides resident in spent nuclear fuel. Efforts to devise convergent synthetic strategies to targets of interest to improve liquid-liquid separation outcomes continue, but significant challenges to improve solubility in process-relevant diluents to effectively define meaningful structure-activity relationships remain. In the current work, a synthetic method to achieve the challenging 2,2'-bipyridine bond of the bis-1,2,4-triazinyl-2,2'-bipyridine (BTBP) complexant class leveraging a Pd-catalyzed Ullman-type coupling is reported. This convergent strategy improves upon earlier work focused on linear synthetic access to the BTBP complexant moiety. Method optimization, relevant substrate scope and application, as well as a preliminary mechanistic interrogation are reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle D Waters
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505-0001 USA
| | - Jesse D Carrick
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505-0001 USA
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23
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Müller AV, de Oliveira KT, Meyer GJ, Polo AS. Inhibiting Charge Recombination in cis-Ru(NCS) 2 Diimine Sensitizers with Aromatic Substituents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43223-43234. [PMID: 31647635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of cis-[Ru(LL)(dcbH2)(NCS)2] compounds, where dcbH2 = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and LL = 1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(phen)), 4,7-dipyrrole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(pyr)), 4,7-diindole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(ind)), or 4,7-dicarbazole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(cbz)), was investigated for application as sensitizers in mesoporous TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A systematic increase in the number of rings of the aromatic substituents at the 4,7-positions of the 1,10-phenanthroline allowed tuning of the molecular size of the sensitizers and the energy stored in the excited state while maintaining the same ground-state Ru3+/2+ reduction potentials. These small structural changes had a significant influence on the rates and/or efficiencies of electron injection, back-electron transfer, recombination to oxidized mediators, lateral self-exchange electron transfer, and regeneration through iodide oxidation that were reflected in distinct photoelectrochemical performance of full operating DSSCs. The global efficiencies, open-circuit voltages, and short-circuit current densities of the DSSCs consistently followed the trend Ru(pyr) < Ru(ind) < Ru(phen) < Ru(cbz), and the most optimal performance of Ru(cbz) was ascribed to dramatically slower recombination to the oxidized redox mediators. Transient photovoltage and transient absorption experiments both revealed significantly slower recombination as the size of the aromatic substituents increased with Ru(cbz) providing the most promising behavior for application in dye sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa V Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC , Av. dos Estados, 5001 , 09210-580 Santo André , São Paulo , Brazil
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Kleber T de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar , Rodovia Washington Luı́s, km 235 , 13565-905 São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - André S Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC , Av. dos Estados, 5001 , 09210-580 Santo André , São Paulo , Brazil
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James EM, Bennett MT, Bangle RE, Meyer GJ. Electron Localization and Transport in SnO 2/TiO 2 Mesoporous Thin Films: Evidence for a SnO 2/Sn xTi 1-xO 2/TiO 2 Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12694-12703. [PMID: 31433656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study of SnO2/TiO2 core/shell films was undertaken to investigate the influences of shell thickness and post deposition sintering on electron localization and transport properties. Electrochemical reduction of the materials resulted in the appearance of a broad visible-near IR absorbance that provided insights into the electronic state(s) within the core/shell structures. As the shell thickness was increased from 0.5 to 5 nm, evidence for the presence of a SnxTi1-xO2 interfacial state emerged that was physically located between the core and the shell. The lifetime of photoinjected electrons increased with the shell thickness. Electron transport occurred through the SnO2 core; however, when materials with shell thicknesses ≥2 nm were annealed at 450 °C, a new electron transport pathway through the shell was evident. The data indicate that these materials are best described as SnO2/SnxTi1-xO2/TiO2 where electrons preferentially localize in a SnxTi1-xO2 interfacial state and transport through SnO2 and annealed TiO2 (if present). The implications of these results for applications in solar energy conversion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M James
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Marc T Bennett
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Rachel E Bangle
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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25
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Xue S, Rotaru A, Garcia Y. Ligand field strength tuning in the model [Fe(H2Bpz2)2(bipy)] spin crossover complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10751-019-1638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Malik N, Elool Dov N, de Ruiter G, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. On-Surface Self-Assembly of Stimuli-Responsive Metallo-Organic Films: Automated Ultrasonic Spray-Coating and Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22858-22868. [PMID: 31117463 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the on-surface formation of homogeneous and uniform electrochromic films via ultrasonic spray coating. This fully automated process is capable of fabricating metallo-organic films on transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) on glass or flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with surface areas of up to 36 cm2 and film thicknesses of half a micron. The assembly process involves alternatingly spray-coating dilute solutions of structurally well-defined iron polypyridyl ([Fe(mbpy-py)3]2+) complexes and bis(benzonitrile)palladium dichloride (Pd(PhCN)2Cl2) onto conductive substrates, where the latter palladium salt was used as the inorganic cross-linker. The on-surface self-assembled three-dimensional networks are intensely colored and were subsequently integrated into laminated electrochromic devices (ECDs) containing a lithium-based gel electrolyte. The ECDs retain their intense color in the ground state, having a Δ Tmax of 40-49% at λmax ≈ 600 nm, and can be operated for up to 1500 redox cycles. The fluorine-doped tin oxide counter electrode coated with poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a charge-storage layer resulted in these stable devices. A significant decrease in the potential window of Δ E ≈ 2.5 V was achieved by using a metal grid on PET as the counter electrode. The operation of the electrochromic films is diffusion-controlled, and the diffusion coefficients ( Df) reflect their molecular densities. During these studies, we found that ClO4- is a suitable counterion of the lithium-based electrolytes for optimal ECD performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Malik
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Neta Elool Dov
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
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Heidary N, Harris TGAA, Ly KH, Kornienko N. Artificial photosynthesis with metal and covalent organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs): challenges and prospects in fuel-forming electrocatalysis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:460-471. [PMID: 30706497 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking photosynthesis in generating chemical fuels from sunlight is a promising strategy to alleviate society's demand for fossil fuels. However, this approach involves a number of challenges that must be overcome before this concept can emerge as a viable solution to society's energy demand. Particularly in artificial photosynthesis, the catalytic chemistry that converts energy in the form of electricity into carbon-based fuels and chemicals has yet to be developed. Here, we describe the foundational work and future prospects of an emerging and promising class of materials: metal- and covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs). Within this context, these porous and tuneable framework materials have achieved initial success in converting abundant feedstocks (H2 O and CO2 ) into chemicals and fuels. In this review, we first highlight key achievements in this direction. We then follow with a perspective on precisely how MOFs and COFs can perform in ways not possible with conventional molecular or heterogeneous catalysts. We conclude with a view on how spectroscopically probing MOF and COF catalysis can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms and material dynamics throughout the course of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heidary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Khoa H Ly
- Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolay Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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28
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Recent advances in photoinduced catalysis for water splitting and environmental applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Queyriaux N, Giannoudis E, Lefebvre J, Artero V, Chavarot‐Kerlidou M. Synthesis of Ruthenium Tris‐Diimine Photosensitizers Substituted by Four Methylphosphonate Anchoring Groups for Dye‐Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean‐François Lefebvre
- CNRS, CEA, LCBM Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS, DPM Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Vincent Artero
- CNRS, CEA, LCBM Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
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30
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Turlington MD, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Beauvilliers EE, Meyer GJ. Control of Excited-State Supramolecular Assembly Leading to Halide Photorelease. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3316-3328. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Turlington
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Evan E. Beauvilliers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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31
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The Effect of Chloride Anions on Charge Transfer in Dye-Sensitized Photoanodes for Water Splitting. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:biomimetics4010005. [PMID: 31105191 PMCID: PMC6477621 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical behavior of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells based on a TiO2 layer sensitized with ruthenium components, including an absorber, ruthenium(II)bis(2,2'-bipyridine)([2,2'-bipyridine]-4,4'-diylbis(phosphonic acid)) dibromide (RuP), and a catalyst, ruthenium(II) tris(4-methylpyridine)(4-(4-(2,6-bis((l1-oxidanyl)carbonyl)pyridin-4-yl)phenyl) pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) (RuOEC), was investigated in the following water-based electrolyte configurations: KCl (pH ≈ 5), HCl (pH ≈ 3), ethylphoshonic acid (pH ≈ 3) with a different KCl concentration, and a standard phosphate buffer (pH ≈ 7). The rate of charge transfer on the photoanode's surface was found to increase in line with the increase in the concentration of chloride anions (Cl-) in the low pH electrolyte. This effect is discussed in the context of pH influence, ionic strength, and specific interaction, studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in dark conditions and upon illumination of the photoanodes. The correlations between photocurrent decay traces and CV studies were also observed.
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Brady MD, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Motley TC, Meyer GJ. Optimization of Photocatalyst Excited- and Ground-State Reduction Potentials for Dye-Sensitized HBr Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31312-31323. [PMID: 30130392 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized bromide oxidation was investigated using a series of four ruthenium polypyridyl photocatalysts anchored to SnO2/TiO2 core/shell mesoporous thin films through 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-diphosphonic acid anchoring groups. The ground- and excited-state reduction potentials were tuned over 500 mV by the introduction of electron withdrawing groups in the 4 and 4' positions of the ancillary bipyridine ligands. Upon light excitation of the surface-bound photocatalysts, excited-state electron injection yielded an oxidized photocatalyst that was regenerated through bromide oxidation. High injection quantum yields (Φinj) and regeneration quantum yields (Φreg) were essential to obtain efficient bromide oxidation yet required a photocatalyst that is both a potent photoreductant and a strong oxidant after excited-state injection. The four photocatalysts utilized in this manuscript ranged from unity Φinj (1.0) and minimal Φreg (0.037) to minimal Φinj (0.09) and unity Φreg (1.0). The photocatalyst that displayed the highest overall dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell performances exhibited near unity Φreg (0.99), while a significant Φinj was still preserved (0.59). Thus, these results highlighted the delicate interplay between the ground- and excited-state reduction potentials of photocatalysts for dye-sensitized hydrobromic acid splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Tyler C Motley
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
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Xu P, Gray CL, Xiao L, Mallouk TE. Charge Recombination with Fractional Reaction Orders in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11647-11654. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Xu
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher L. Gray
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Langqiu Xiao
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas E. Mallouk
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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34
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Wang C, Amiri M, Endean RT, Martinez Perez O, Varley S, Rennie B, Rasu L, Bergens SH. Modular Construction of Photoanodes with Covalently Bonded Ru- and Ir-Polypyridyl Visible Light Chromophores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24533-24542. [PMID: 29969554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
1,10-phenanthroline is grafted to indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2) semiconductors by electroreduction of 5-diazo-1,10-phenanthroline in 0.1 M H2SO4. The lower and upper potential limits (-0.20 and 0.15 VSCE, respectively) were set to avoid reduction and oxidation of the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) covalently grafted at C5 to the semiconductor. The resulting semiconductor-phen ligand (ITO-phen or TiO2-phen) was air stable, and was bonded to Ru- or Ir- by reaction with cis-[Ru(bpy)2(CH3CN)2]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) or cis-[Ir(ppy)2(CH3CN)2]+ (ppy = ortho-Cphenyl metalated 2-phenylpyridine) in CH2Cl2 and THF solvent at 50 °C. Cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state UV-vis, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry all confirmed that the chromophores SC-[(phen)Ru(bpy)2]2+ and SC-[(phen)Ir(ppy)2]+ (SC = ITO or TiO2) formed in near quantitative yields by these reactions. The resulting photoanodes were active and relatively stable to photoelectrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone and triethylamine under neutral and basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Mona Amiri
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Riley T Endean
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Octavio Martinez Perez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Samuel Varley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Ben Rennie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Loorthuraja Rasu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Steven H Bergens
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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35
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Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water oxidation through a buried junction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6946-6951. [PMID: 29915092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804728115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation has long been a challenge in artificial photosynthetic devices that convert solar energy into fuels. Water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs) provide a modular approach for integrating light-harvesting molecules with water-oxidation catalysts on metal-oxide electrodes. Despite recent progress in improving the efficiency of these devices by introducing good molecular water-oxidation catalysts, WS-DSPECs have poor stability, owing to the oxidation of molecular components at very positive electrode potentials. Here we demonstrate that a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (ss-DSSC) can be used as a buried junction for stable photoelectrochemical water splitting. A thin protecting layer of TiO2 grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) stabilizes the operation of the photoanode in aqueous solution, although as a solar cell there is a performance loss due to increased series resistance after the coating. With an electrodeposited iridium oxide layer, a photocurrent density of 1.43 mA cm-2 was observed in 0.1 M pH 6.7 phosphate solution at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, with good stability over 1 h. We measured an incident photon-to-current efficiency of 22% at 540 nm and a Faradaic efficiency of 43% for oxygen evolution. While the potential profile of the catalyst layer suggested otherwise, we confirmed the formation of a buried junction in the as-prepared photoelectrode. The buried junction design of ss-DSSs adds to our understanding of semiconductor-electrocatalyst junction behaviors in the presence of a poor semiconducting material.
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36
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Le-Quang L, Farran R, Lattach Y, Bonnet H, Jamet H, Guérente L, Maisonhaute E, Chauvin J. Photoactive Molecular Dyads [Ru(bpy) 3-M(ttpy) 2] n+ on Gold (M = Co(III), Zn(II)): Characterization, Intrawire Electron Transfer, and Photoelectric Conversion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5193-5203. [PMID: 29648828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose in this work a stepwise approach to construct photoelectrodes. This takes advantage of the self-assembly interactions between thiol with a gold surface and terpyridine ligands with first-row transition metals. Here, a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ photosensitive center bearing a free terpyridine group has been used to construct two linear dyads on gold (Au/[ZnII-RuII]4+ and Au/[CoIII-RuII]5+). The stepwise construction was characterized by electrochemistry, quartz crystal microbalance, and atomic force microscopy imaging. The results show that the dyads behave as rigid layers and are inhomogeneously distributed on the surface. The surface coverages are estimated to be in the order of 10-11 mol cm-2. The kinetics of the heterogeneous electron transfer is determined on modified gold ball microelectrodes using Laviron's formula. The oxidation rates of the terminal Ru(II) subunits are estimated to be 700 and 2300 s-1 for Au/[ZnII-RuII]4+ and Au/[CoIII-RuII]5+, respectively. In the latter case, the rate is limited by the kinetics of electron transfer between an intermediate Co(II) center and the gold surface. For Au/[ZnII-RuII]4+, the Zn-bis-terpyridine center is not involved in the electron-transfer process and the oxidation of the Ru(II) subunit occurs through a superexchange process. In the presence of a tertiary amine in solution, the electrodes at a bias of 0.12 V behave as photoanodes when subjected to visible light irradiation. The magnitude of the photocurrent is around 10 μA cm-2 for Au/[CoIII-RuII]5+ and 5 μA cm-2 for Au/[ZnII-RuII]4+, proving the importance of an electron relay on the photon-to-current conversion. The results suggest an efficient conversion for Au/[CoIII-RuII]5+, since each bound dyad, once excited, injects an electron around 10 times per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Le-Quang
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS 5250, Université de Grenoble-Alpes , CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Rajaa Farran
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS 5250, Université de Grenoble-Alpes , CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Youssef Lattach
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS 5250, Université de Grenoble-Alpes , CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Hugues Bonnet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS 5250, Université de Grenoble-Alpes , CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Hélène Jamet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS 5250, Université de Grenoble-Alpes , CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Liliane Guérente
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS 5250, Université de Grenoble-Alpes , CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- CNRS Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE , Sorbonne Université , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Jérôme Chauvin
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS 5250, Université de Grenoble-Alpes , CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Esarey SL, Bartlett BM. pH-Dependence of Binding Constants and Desorption Rates of Phosphonate- and Hydroxamate-Anchored [Ru(bpy) 3] 2+ on TiO 2 and WO 3. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4535-4547. [PMID: 29601204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The binding constants and rate constants for desorption of the modified molecular dye [Ru(bpy)3]2+ anchored by either phosphonate or hydroxamate on the bipyridine ligand to anatase TiO2 and WO3 have been measured. In aqueous media at pH 1-10, repulsive electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged anchor and the negatively charged surface govern phosphonate desorption under neutral and basic conditions for TiO2 anatase due to the high acidity of phosphonic acid (p Ka,4 = 5.1). In contrast, the lower acidity of hydroxamate (p Ka,1 = 6.5, p Ka,2 = 9.1) leads to little change in adsorption/desorption properties as a function of pH from 1 to 7. The binding constant for hydroxamate is 103 in water, independent of pH in this range. These results are true for WO3 as well, but are not reported at pH > 4 due to its Arrhenius acidity. Kinetics for desorption as a function of pH are reported, with a proposed mechanism for phosphonate desorption at high pH being the electrostatic repulsion of negative charges between the surface and the anionic anchor. Further, the hydroxamic acid anchor itself is likely the site of quasi-reversible redox activity in [Ru(bpy)2(2,2'-bpy-4,4'-(C(O)N(OH))2)]2+, which does not lead to any measurable deterioration of the complex within 2 h of dark cyclic voltammogram scans in aqueous media. These results posit phosphonate as the preferred anchoring group under acidic conditions and hydroxamate for neutral/basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Esarey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Bart M Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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Kurtz DA, Brereton KR, Ruoff KP, Tang HM, Felton GAN, Miller AJM, Dempsey JL. Bathochromic Shifts in Rhenium Carbonyl Dyes Induced through Destabilization of Occupied Orbitals. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5389-5399. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Kurtz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Kelsey R. Brereton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Kevin P. Ruoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Hui Min Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Greg A. N. Felton
- Department of Chemistry, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, Florida 33711, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jillian L. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Monteiro MCO, Cha G, Schmuki P, Killian MS. Metal-Phosphate Bilayers for Anatase Surface Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6661-6672. [PMID: 29368522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compared to many other metal oxides, anatase TiO2 shows relatively lower reactivity toward carboxylic acid anchor groups. The latter is crucial for applications, for example, in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), where the most used dyes bind to the metal oxide surface through carboxylic acid terminations. To improve the surface reactivity, metal-phosphate bilayers of Ni or Co were synthesized on anatase TiO2 compact oxide and nanotubes. In both cases, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that the bilayers were successfully formed and that the phosphate layer works as an intermediate between TiO2 and the other species. ToF-SIMS depth profiles of modified nanotubes showed that Ni and Co are present through the whole tube length and reduce in content after heat treatment, in agreement with XPS results. Phosphate groups, on the other hand, are more present in the tubes' depth, and their content on the surface is reduced upon exposure to temperature. The reactivity of the modified surfaces toward carboxylic acid-terminated molecules, as stearic acid and Ru-based N719 dye, was evaluated. Contact angle measurements together with dye desorption experiments demonstrated that the Co-phosphate bilayers heat-treated at 300 °C resulted in the largest enhancement compared to the reference. Bilayer-modified compact anatase TiO2 and anatase TiO2 nanotubes were utilized as photoanodes in DSSCs. An increase in efficiency was observed for all modified electrodes with phosphate-Co treatment, leading to the highest JSC values and an efficiency improvement of 48%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C O Monteiro
- Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gihoon Cha
- Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 80204, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuela S Killian
- Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Purnama I, Kubo Y, Mulyana JY. A robust ruthenium complex with nonyl-substituted bpy ligand for dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell application. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yamamoto M, Nishizawa Y, Chábera P, Li F, Pascher T, Sundström V, Sun L, Imahori H. Visible light-driven water oxidation with a subporphyrin sensitizer and a water oxidation catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:13702-13705. [PMID: 27819083 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new subporphyrin was synthesized for use as a molecular sensitizer in electrochemical and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water oxidation. A photoelectrochemical cell with a TiO2 electrode modified with the sensitizer and a molecular water oxidation catalyst generated higher photocurrent than reference cells that have electrodes modified with either the photosensitizer or the catalyst under visible light (λ > 500 nm) illumination. Oxygen evolution was confirmed after photolysis by GC and GC-MS analyses using isotope-labeling experiments. The large molar extinction coefficients of the ring-contracted porphyrin in the visible region enabled kinetic analysis by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, which also supported the photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nishizawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Fusheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan. and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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42
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Lv Z, Wei H, Li Q, Su X, Liu S, Zhang KY, Lv W, Zhao Q, Li X, Huang W. Achieving efficient photodynamic therapy under both normoxia and hypoxia using cyclometalated Ru(ii) photosensitizer through type I photochemical process. Chem Sci 2018; 9:502-512. [PMID: 29619206 PMCID: PMC5868078 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) through the generation of singlet oxygen utilizing photosensitizers (PSs) is significantly limited under hypoxic conditions in solid tumors. So it is meaningful to develop effective PSs which can maintain excellent therapeutic effects under hypoxia. Here we reported a coumarin-modified cyclometalated Ru(ii) photosensitizer (Ru2), which exhibits lower oxidation potential and stronger absorption in the visible region than the coumarin-free counterpart. The evaluation of the PDT effect was performed under both normoxia and hypoxia. The results showed that Ru2 has a better therapeutic effect than the coumarin-free counterpart in in vitro experiments. Especially under hypoxia, Ru2 still retained an excellent PDT effect, which can be attributed to the direct charge transfer between the excited PS and an adjacent substrate through a type I photochemical process, forming highly-oxidative hydroxyl radicals to damage tumor cells. The anti-tumor activity of Ru2 was further proven to be effective in tumor-bearing mice, and tumor growth was inhibited remarkably under PDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials of the State Ethnic Commission & Ministry of Education , South-Central University for Nationalities (SCUEC) , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei Province , P. R. China .
| | - Xianlong Su
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials of the State Ethnic Commission & Ministry of Education , South-Central University for Nationalities (SCUEC) , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei Province , P. R. China .
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Wen Lv
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xianghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials of the State Ethnic Commission & Ministry of Education , South-Central University for Nationalities (SCUEC) , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei Province , P. R. China .
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ;
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
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43
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Race NA, Zhang W, Screen ME, Barden BA, McNamara WR. Iron polypyridyl catalysts assembled on metal oxide semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron-polypyridyl functionalized metal oxides are highly active for photocatalytic hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Race
- College of William and Mary
- Williamsburg
- USA
| | - W. Zhang
- College of William and Mary
- Williamsburg
- USA
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44
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Archer SA, Keane T, Delor M, Bevon E, Auty AJ, Chekulaev D, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Meijer AJHM, Weinstein JA. Directly Coupled Versus Spectator Linkers on Diimine Pt II Acetylides-Change the Structure, Keep the Function? Chemistry 2017; 23:18239-18251. [PMID: 29029366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modification of light-harvesting units with anchoring groups for surface attachment often compromises light-harnessing properties. Herein, a series of [donor-acceptor-anchor] platinum(II) diimine (bis-)acetylides was developed in order to systematically compare the effect of conjugated versus electronically decoupled modes of attachment of protected anchoring groups on the photophysical properties of light-harvesting units. The first examples of "decoupled" phosphonate diimine PtII complexes are reported, and their properties are compared and contrasted to those of carboxylate analogues studied by a diversity of methods. Ultrafast time-resolved IR and transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that all complexes have a charge-transfer (CT) lowest excited state with lifetimes between 2 and 14 ns. Vibrational signatures and dynamics of CT states were identified; the assignment of electronic states and their vibrational origin was aided by TDDFT calculations. Ultrafast energy redistribution accompanied by structural changes was directly captured in the CT states. A significant difference between the structures of the electronic ground and CT excited states, as well as differences in the structural reorganisation in the complexes bearing directly attached or electronically decoupled anchoring groups, was discovered. This work demonstrates that decoupling of the anchoring group from the light-harvesting core by a saturated spacer is an easy approach to combine surface attachment with high reduction potential and ten times longer lifetime of the CT excited state of the light-absorbing unit, and retain electron-transfer photoreactivity essential for light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Theo Keane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.,University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bevon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Alexander J Auty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.,Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Anthony J H M Meijer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Russia
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45
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Materna KL, Jiang J, Regan KP, Schmuttenmaer CA, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Optimization of Photoanodes for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Combining a Heterogenized Iridium Water-Oxidation Catalyst with a High-Potential Porphyrin Photosensitizer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4526-4534. [PMID: 28876510 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells has gained interest owing to their ability to generate renewable fuels from solar energy. In this study, photoanodes were assembled from a SnO2 film sensitized with a combination of a high-potential CF3 -substituted porphyrin dye with a tetrahydropyranyl-protected hydroxamic acid surface-anchoring group and a Cp*Ir (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) water-oxidation catalyst containing a silatrane anchoring group. The dye/catalyst ratios were varied from 2:1 to 32:1 to optimize the photocatalytic water oxidation. Photoelectrochemical measurements showed not only more stable and reproducible photocurrents for lower dye/catalyst ratios but also improved photostability. O2 production was confirmed in real time over a 20 h period with a Clark electrode. Photoanodes prepared from 2:1 and 8:1 dye/catalyst sensitization solutions provided the most active electrodes for photocatalytic water oxidation and performed approximately 30-35 turnovers in 20 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Materna
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kevin P Regan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Charles A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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46
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Brady MD, Sampaio RN, Wang D, Meyer TJ, Meyer GJ. Dye-Sensitized Hydrobromic Acid Splitting for Hydrogen Solar Fuel Production. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15612-15615. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Brady
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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47
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Rowe SF, Le Gall G, Ainsworth EV, Davies JA, Lockwood CWJ, Shi L, Elliston A, Roberts IN, Waldron KW, Richardson DJ, Clarke TA, Jeuken LJC, Reisner E, Butt JN. Light-Driven H2 Evolution and C═C or C═O Bond Hydrogenation by Shewanella oneidensis: A Versatile Strategy for Photocatalysis by Nonphotosynthetic Microorganisms. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam F. Rowe
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Quadram
Institute for Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Emma V. Ainsworth
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Jonathan A. Davies
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Colin W. J. Lockwood
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Liang Shi
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Technology, China University of Geoscience in Wuhan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Adam Elliston
- Quadram
Institute for Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Ian N. Roberts
- Quadram
Institute for Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- Quadram
Institute for Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - David J. Richardson
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Thomas A. Clarke
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Lars J. C. Jeuken
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Julea N. Butt
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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48
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Wang JC, Violette K, Ogunsolu OO, Cekli S, Lambers E, Fares HM, Hanson K. Self-Assembled Bilayers on Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides: Exploring the Non-Innocent Nature of the Linking Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9609-9619. [PMID: 28821211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled bilayers on nanocrystalline metal oxide films are an increasingly popular strategy for modulating electron and energy transfer at dye-semiconductor interfaces. A majority of the work to date has relied on ZrII and ZnIV linking ions to assemble the films. In this report, we demonstrate that several different cations (CdII, CuII, FeII, LaIII, MnII, and SnIV) are not only effective in generating the bilayer assemblies but also have a profound influence on the stability and photophysical properties of the films. Bilayer films with ZrIV ions exhibited the highest photostability on both TiO2 and ZrO2. Despite the metal ions having a minimal influence on the absorption/emission energies and oxidation potentials of the dye, bilayers composed of CuII, FeII, and MnII exhibit significant excited-state quenching. The excited-state quenching decreases the electron injection yield but also, for CuII and MnII bilayers, significantly slows the back electron transfer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kyle Violette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Omotola O Ogunsolu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Seda Cekli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Eric Lambers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hadi M Fares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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49
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Dillon RJ, Alibabaei L, Meyer TJ, Papanikolas JM. Enabling Efficient Creation of Long-Lived Charge-Separation on Dye-Sensitized NiO Photocathodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26786-26796. [PMID: 28731676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The hole-injection and recombination photophysics for NiO sensitized with RuP ([RuII(bpy)2(4,4'-(PO3H2)2-bpy)]2+) are explored. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) measurements performed with an external electrochemical bias reveal the efficiency for productive hole-injection, that is, quenching of the dye excited state that results in a detectable charge-separated electron-hole pair, is linearly dependent on the electronic occupation of intragap states in the NiO film. Population of these states via a negative applied potential increases the efficiency from 0% to 100%. The results indicate the primary loss mechanism for dye-sensitized NiO is rapid nongeminate recombination enabled by the presence of latent holes in the surface of the NiO film. Our findings suggest a new design paradigm for NiO photocathodes and devices centered on the avoidance of this recombination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
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50
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Furugori S, Kobayashi A, Watanabe A, Yoshida M, Kato M. Impact of Photosensitizing Multilayered Structure on Ruthenium(II)-Dye-Sensitized TiO 2-Nanoparticle Photocatalysts. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3901-3912. [PMID: 31457696 PMCID: PMC6641294 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of photoinduced charge separation on the surface of dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles, we synthesized the Ru(II)-photosensitizer-immobilized, Pt-cocatalyst-loaded TiO2 nanoparticles RuCP 2 @Pt-TiO2, RuCP 2 -Zr-RuP 6 @Pt-TiO2, and RuCP 2 -Zr-RuP 4 -Zr-RuP 6 @Pt-TiO2 (RuCP 2 = [Ru(bpy)2(mpbpy)]2-, RuP 4 = [Ru(bpy)(pbpy)2]6-, RuP 6 = [Ru(pbpy)3]10-, H4mpbpy = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-bis(methanephosphonic acid), and H4pbpy = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-bis(phosphonic acid)) using phosphonate linkers with bridging Zr4+ ions. X-ray fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra revealed that a layered molecular structure composed of Ru(II) photosensitizers and Zr4+ ions (i.e., RuCP 2 -Zr-RuP 6 and RuCP 2 -Zr-RuP 4 -Zr-RuP 6 ) was successfully formed on the surface of Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles, which increased the surface coverage from 0.113 nmol/cm2 for singly layered RuCP 2 @Pt-TiO2 to 0.330 nmol/cm2 for triply layered RuCP 2 -Zr-RuP 4 -Zr-RuP 6 @Pt-TiO2. The photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of the doubly layered RuCP 2 -Zr-RuP 6 @Pt-TiO2 was three times higher than that of the singly layered RuCP 2 @Pt-TiO2, whereas the activity of triply layered RuCP 2 -Zr-RuP 4 -Zr-RuP 6 @Pt-TiO2 was less than half of that for RuCP 2 @Pt-TiO2. The photosensitizing efficiencies of these Ru(II)-photosensitizer-immobilized nanoparticles for the O2 evolution reaction catalyzed by the Co(II)-containing Prussian blue analogue [CoII(H2O)2]1.31[{CoIII(CN)6}0.63{PtII(CN)4}0.37] decreased as the number of Ru(II)-photosensitizing layers increased. Thus, crucial aspects of the energy- and electron-transfer mechanism for the photocatalytic H2 and O2 evolution reactions involve not only the Ru(II)-complex-TiO2 interface but also the multilayered structure of the Ru(II)-photosensitizers on the Pt-TiO2 surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogo Furugori
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North-10
West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North-10
West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ayako Watanabe
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North-10
West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North-10
West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North-10
West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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