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Wandzilak A, Grubel K, Skubi KL, McWilliams SF, Bessas D, Rana A, Hugenbruch S, Dey A, Holland PL, DeBeer S. Mössbauer and Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy Studies of Iron Species Involved in N-N Bond Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18449-18464. [PMID: 37902987 PMCID: PMC10647920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Diketiminate-supported iron complexes are capable of cleaving the strong triple bond of N2 to give a tetra-iron complex with two nitrides (Rodriguez et al., Science, 2011, 334, 780-783). The mechanism of this reaction has been difficult to determine, but a transient green species was observed during the reaction that corresponds to a potential intermediate. Here, we describe studies aiming to identify the characteristics of this intermediate, using a range of spectroscopic techniques, including Mössbauer spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We successfully elucidated the nature of the starting iron(II) species and the bis(nitride) species in THF solution, and in each case, THF breaks up the multiiron species. Various observations on the green intermediate species indicate that it has one N2 per two Fe atoms, has THF associated with it, and has NRVS features indicative of bridging N2. Computational models with a formally diiron(0)-N2 core are most consistent with the accumulated data, and on this basis, a mechanism for N2 splitting is suggested. This work shows the power of combining NRVS, Mössbauer, NMR, and vibrational spectroscopies with computations for revealing the nature of transient iron species during N2 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wandzilak
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kazimer L. Skubi
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Sean F. McWilliams
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dimitrios Bessas
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Atanu Rana
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- School of
Chemical Science, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Stefan Hugenbruch
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of
Chemical Science, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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Schwitalla K, Lee W, Fischer M, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. Synthesis and Characterization of Zr and Hf Triazenido Complexes with Rare κ 1N-Coordination Built Directly in the Coordination Sphere of the Metal. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schwitalla
- MSc. K. Schwitalla, Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Wing Lee
- BSc. Wing Lee, Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Malte Fischer
- Dr. Malte. Fischer Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Dr. M. Schmidtmann, Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Prof. Dr. R. Beckhaus, Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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3
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Richards CA, Rath NP, Neely JM. Carbene-Like Reactivity in an Iron Azametallacyclobutene Complex: Insights from Electronic Structure. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13266-13270. [PMID: 35969221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe our investigation into the electronic structure of the first isolated monometallic iron azametallacyclobutene complex. Computational analysis through density functional theory calculations reveals electron delocalization throughout the four atoms of the ring system, in line with experimental observations and supporting the classification of this complex as a conjugated metallacycle. The results of this study also point to significant contribution from an imine-substituted iron carbene resonance structure to the overall bonding picture for the azametallacyclobutene. Accordingly, this complex participates in carbene-like reactivity in the presence of an isocyanide substrate to generate a ketenimine product. The related reaction with carbon monoxide leads to the isolation of a five-membered metallacycle that is analogous to the proposed intermediate in ketenimine formation, and confirms the α-carbon as the site of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Richards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri─St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Jamie M Neely
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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4
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Richards CA, Rath NP, Neely JM. Isolation and Reactivity of an Iron Azametallacyclobutene Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Jamie M. Neely
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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5
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Wong AS, Zhang B, Li B, Neidig ML, Byers JA. Air-Stable Iron-Based Precatalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions between Alkyl Halides and Aryl Boronic Esters. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:2461-2472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bufan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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6
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Maddock LCH, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Structural and Synthetic Insights into Sodium‐Mediated‐Ferration of Fluoroarenes. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. H. Maddock
- Department für Chemie Biochemie und Pharmazie Universität Bern CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde UK-Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie Biochemie und Pharmazie Universität Bern CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
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7
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Wang P, Yap GPA, Riordan CG. Iron(II)-alkoxide and -aryloxide complexes of a tris(thioether)borate ligand: synthesis, molecular structures, and implications on the origin of instability of their iron(II)-catecholate counterpart. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 77:544-550. [PMID: 34482298 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621008500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The phenyltris[(tert-butylthio)methyl]borate ligand, [PhTttBu], has been studied extensively as a platform for coordination, organometallic, and bioinorganic chemistry, especially with 3d metals. While [PhTttBu]Co(3,5-DBCatH) (3,5-DBCatH is 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate), a CoII-monoanionic catecholate complex, was successfully isolated to model the active site of cobalt(II)-substituted homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (Co-HPCD) [Wang et al. (2019). Inorg. Chim. Acta, 488, 49-55], its iron(II) counterpart, [PhTttBu]Fe(3,5-DBCatH), was not accessible via similar synthetic routes. Switching the nucleophile from catecholate to alkoxide or aryloxide, however, led to the successful isolation of three highly air-sensitive FeII-alkoxide and -aryloxide complexes, namely, (triphenylmethoxo){tris[(tert-butylsulfanyl)methyl]phenylborato-κ3S,S',S''}iron(II), [Fe(C21H38BS3)(C19H15O)], (2), (2,6-dimethylphenolato){tris[(tert-butylsulfanyl)methyl]phenylborato-κ3S,S',S''}iron(II), [Fe(C21H38BS3)(C8H9O)], (3), and bis{μ-tris[(tert-butylsulfanyl)methyl]phenylborato-κ3S,S':S''}bis[(phenolato-κO)iron(II)] toluene disolvate, [Fe2(C21H38BS3)2(C6H5O)2]·2C7H8, (4). In the solid state, compounds (2) and (3) are monomeric, with [PhTttBu] acting as a tridentate ligand. In contrast, compound (4) crystallizes as a dimeric complex, wherein each [PhTttBu] ligand binds to an iron centre with two thioethers and binds to the other iron centre with the third thioether. The molecular structures of (2)-(4) demonstrate a diversity in the binding modes of [PhTttBu] and highlight its potential use for assembling multinuclear complexes. In addition, the successful isolation of (2)-(4), as well as the structural information of a [PhTttBu] modification product, namely, bis{μ-tris[(tert-butylsulfanyl)methyl](2-oxidophenolato)borato-κO,O',S,S':O'}dicobalt(II), [Co2(C21H37BO2S3)2], (5), obtained from the reaction of [PhTttBu]CoCl with potassium monoanionic catecholate, shed light on the origin of the instability of [PhTttBu]Fe(3,5-DBCatH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Charles G Riordan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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8
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Winslow C, Lee HB, Field MJ, Teat SJ, Rittle J. Structure and Reactivity of a High-Spin, Nonheme Iron(III)- Superoxo Complex Supported by Phosphinimide Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13686-13693. [PMID: 34424708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonheme iron oxygenases utilize dioxygen to accomplish challenging chemical oxidations. A further understanding of the Fe-O2 intermediates implicated in these processes is challenged by their highly transient nature. To that end, we have developed a ligand platform featuring phosphinimide donors intended to stabilize oxidized, high-spin iron complexes. O2 exposure of single crystals of a three-coordinate Fe(II) complex of this framework allowed for in crystallo trapping of a terminally bound Fe-O2 complex suitable for XRD characterization. Spectroscopic and computational studies of this species support a high-spin Fe(III) center antiferromagnetically coupled to a superoxide ligand, similar to that proposed for numerous nonheme iron oxygenases. In addition to the apparent stability of this synthetic Fe-O2 complex, its ability to engage in a range of stoichiometric and catalytic oxidation processes demonstrates that this iron-phosphinimide system is primed for development in modeling oxidizing bioinorganic intermediates and green oxidation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Winslow
- College of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Heui Beom Lee
- College of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mackenzie J Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan Rittle
- College of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Richards CA, Rath NP, Neely JM. Iron-Catalyzed Alkyne Carboamination via an Isolable Iron Imide Complex. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Jamie M. Neely
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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10
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Sun C, Oswald VF, Hill EA, Ziller JW, Borovik AS. Investigation of iron-ammine and amido complexes within a C 3-symmetrical phosphinic amido tripodal ligand. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11197-11205. [PMID: 34338252 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01032h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The primary and secondary coordination spheres can have large regulatory effects on the properties of metal complexes. To examine their influences on the properties of monomeric Fe complexes, the tripodal ligand containing phosphinic amido groups, N,N',N''-[nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl)]tris(P,P-diphenylphosphinic amido) ([poat]3-), was used to prepare [FeII/IIIpoat]-/0 complexes. The FeII complex was four-coordinate with 4 N-atom donors comprising the primary coordination sphere. The FeIII complex was six-coordinate with two additional ligands coming from coordination of O-atom donors on two of the phosphinic amido groups in [poat]3-. In the crystalline phase, each complex was part of a cluster containing potassium ions in which KO[double bond, length as m-dash]P interactions served to connect two metal complexes. The [FeII/IIIpoat]-/0 complexes bound an NH3 molecule to form trigonal bipyramidal structures that also formed three intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the ammine ligand and the O[double bond, length as m-dash]P units of [poat]3-. The relatively negative one-electron redox potential of -1.21 V vs. [FeIII/IICp2]+/0 is attributed to the phosphinic amido group of the [poat]3- ligand. Attempts to form the FeIII-amido complex via deprotonation were not conclusive but isolation of [FeIIIpoat(NHtol)]- using the p-toluidine anion was successful, allowing for the full characterization of this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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11
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Mukherjee G, Satpathy JK, Bagha UK, Mubarak MQE, Sastri CV, de Visser SP. Inspiration from Nature: Influence of Engineered Ligand Scaffolds and Auxiliary Factors on the Reactivity of Biomimetic Oxidants. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jagnyesh K. Satpathy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Umesh K. Bagha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - M. Qadri E. Mubarak
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
| | - Chivukula V. Sastri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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12
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13
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Ott JC, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Metalloradical Reactivity, Charge Transfer, and Atom Abstractions in a T-Shaped Iron(I) Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3927-3938. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Ott
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Ott JC, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Opening up the Valence Shell: A T-Shaped Iron(I) Metalloradical and Its Potential for Atom Abstraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9448-9452. [PMID: 32196900 PMCID: PMC7318345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A thermally stable, T-shaped, d7 high-spin iron(I) complex was obtained by reduction of a PNP-supported ferrous chloride. Paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy combined with DFT modeling was used to analyze the electronic structure of the coordinatively highly unsaturated complex. The metalloradical character of the compound was demonstrated by the formation of a benzophenone ketyl radical complex upon addition of benzophenone. Furthermore, the compound displays a rich chemistry as an oxygen-atom abstractor from epoxides, yielding a dinuclear, diferrous [Fe2 O] complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Ott
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
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15
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Ott JC, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Öffnung der Valenzschale: Ein T‐förmiges Eisen(I)‐Metalloradikal und sein Potential als Atomabstraktor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Ott
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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16
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Crockett MP, Wong AS, Li B, Byers JA. Rational Design of an Iron‐Based Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings Involving Heteroaromatic Boronic Esters and Tertiary Alkyl Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5392-5397. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Crockett
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Alexander S. Wong
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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17
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Crockett MP, Wong AS, Li B, Byers JA. Rational Design of an Iron‐Based Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings Involving Heteroaromatic Boronic Esters and Tertiary Alkyl Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Crockett
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Alexander S. Wong
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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18
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Tomson NC, Anderson NH, Tondreau AM, Scott BL, Boncella JM. Oxidation of uranium(iv) mixed imido-amido complexes with PhEEPh and to generate uranium(vi) bis(imido) dichalcogenolates, U(NR) 2(EPh) 2(L) 2. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10865-10873. [PMID: 31049520 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This work provides new routes for the conversion of U(iv) into U(vi) bis(imido) complexes and offers new information on the manner in which the U(vi) compounds form. Many compounds from the series described by the general formula U(NR)2(EPh)2(L)2 (R = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, tert-butyl; E = S, Se, Te; L = py, EPh) were synthesized via oxidation of an in situ generated U(iv) amido-imido species with Ph2E2. This synthetic sequence provides a general route into bis(imido) U(vi) chalcogenolate complexes, circumventing the need to perform problematic salt metathesis reactions on U(vi) iodides. Investigation into the speciation of the U(iv) complexes that form prior to oxidation found a significant dependence on the identity of the ancillary ligands, with tBu2bpy forming the isolable imido-(bis)amido complex, U(NDipp)(NHDipp)2(tBu2bpy)2. Together, these data are consistent with the view that the bis(imido) U(vi) motif - much like the uranyl ion, UO22+- is a thermodynamic sink into which simple ligand frameworks are unable to prevent uranium from falling when in the presence of a suitable retinue of imido proligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Tomson
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Nickolas H Anderson
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Aaron M Tondreau
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Brian L Scott
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - James M Boncella
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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19
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Kiernicki JJ, Shanahan JP, Zeller M, Szymczak NK. Tuning ligand field strength with pendent Lewis acids: access to high spin iron hydrides. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5539-5545. [PMID: 31293738 PMCID: PMC6553361 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Geometrically flexible 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl units within the secondary coordination sphere enable isolation of high-spin Fe(ii)-dihydrides stabilized by boron-hydride interactions and a rare example of an isolable S = 3/2 reduction product. The borane-capped Fe(ii)-dihydride: (1) rapidly deprotonates E-H (E = N, O, P, S) bonds to afford borane-stabilized Fe adducts and (2) releases H2 upon exposure to π-acids. The Lewis acids provide an avenue for redox-leveling in analogy to the near constant operating potential for N2 reduction in nitrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kiernicki
- University of Michigan , 930 N. University , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - James P Shanahan
- University of Michigan , 930 N. University , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H. C. Brown Laboratory , Purdue University , 560 Oval Dr , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
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Vinocour FA, Soto-Navarro A, Pineda LW. μ 2-Chlorido-chlorido(μ 2-4-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]imino}pent-2-en-2-olato)bis(tetrahydrofuran-κ O)cobalt(II)lithium. IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618015778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the title compound, [CoLi(C11H21N2O)Cl2(C4H8O)2], has monoclinic symmetry and comprises one heterometallic binuclear complex molecule in the asymmetric unit. The Co2+ cation is bonded to one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms of a β-ketoiminato ligand and to two chlorido ligands, leading to a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination sphere. One of the Cl ligands and the oxygen atom of the β-ketoiminato ligand are bridging to a Li+ cation, which is further bonded to oxygen atoms of two THF molecules. The resulting coordination sphere is distorted tetrahedral. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds are identified that link the complex molecules into a three-dimensional network structure.
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Kaniewska K, Dragulescu-Andrasi A, Ponikiewski Ł, Pikies J, Stoian SA, Grubba R. Syntheses, Structures and Reactivity of Terminal Phosphido Complexes of Iron(II) Supported by a β-Diketiminato Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kaniewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Faculty; Gdańsk University of Technology; 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 80-233 Gdańsk Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Faculty; Gdańsk University of Technology; 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 80-233 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Jerzy Pikies
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Faculty; Gdańsk University of Technology; 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 80-233 Gdańsk Poland
| | | | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Faculty; Gdańsk University of Technology; 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 80-233 Gdańsk Poland
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Ferreira RB, Cook BJ, Knight BJ, Catalano VJ, García-Serres R, Murray LJ. Catalytic Silylation of Dinitrogen by a Family of Triiron Complexes. ACS Catal 2018; 8:7208-7212. [PMID: 30574427 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of triiron complexes supported by a tris(β-diketiminate)cyclophane (L 3- ) catalyze the reduction of dinitrogen to tris(trimethylsilyl)amine using KC8 and Me3SiCl. Employing Fe3Br3 L affords 83 ± 7 equiv. NH4 +/complex after protonolysis, which is a 50% yield based on reducing equivalents. The series of triiron compounds tested evidences the subtle effects of ancillary donors, including halides, hydrides, sulfides, and carbonyl ligands, and metal oxidation state on N(SiMe3)3 yield, and highlight Fe3(μ3-N)L as a common species in product mixtures. These results suggest that ancillary ligands can be abstracted with Lewis acids under reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B. Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brian J. Cook
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brian J. Knight
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Vincent J. Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Ricardo García-Serres
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, BIG, LCBM (UMR 5249), F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Leslie J. Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Bonyhady SJ, DeRosha DE, Vela J, Vinyard DJ, Cowley RE, Mercado BQ, Brennessel WW, Holland PL. Iron and Cobalt Diazoalkane Complexes Supported by β-Diketiminate Ligands: A Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and Computational Investigation. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5959-5972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Bonyhady
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel E. DeRosha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Javier Vela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - David J. Vinyard
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ryan E. Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Lee WT, Zeller M, Lugosan A. Bis(triazenide), tris(triazenide), and lantern-type of triazenide iron complexes: Synthesis and structural characterization. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hein NM, Pick FS, Fryzuk MD. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Low-Coordinate Iron(II) Hydride Complex: Applications in Catalytic Hydrodefluorination. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14513-14523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Hein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Fraser S. Pick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael D. Fryzuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Das UK, Daifuku SL, Iannuzzi TE, Gorelsky SI, Korobkov I, Gabidullin B, Neidig ML, Baker RT. Iron(II) Complexes of a Hemilabile SNS Amido Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13766-13776. [PMID: 29112382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report an easily prepared bis(thioether) amine ligand, SMeNHSMe, along with the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of the paramagnetic iron(II) bis(amido) complex, [Fe(κ3-SMeNSMe)2] (1). Binding of the two different thioethers to Fe generates both five- and six-membered rings with Fe-S bonds in the five-membered rings (av 2.54 Å) being significantly shorter than those in the six-membered rings (av 2.71 Å), suggesting hemilability of the latter thioethers. Consistent with this hypothesis, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and computational (TD-DFT) studies indicate that 1 in solution contains a five-coordinate component [Fe(κ3-SMeNSMe)(κ2-SMeNSMe)] (2). This ligand hemilability was demonstrated further by reactivity studies of 1 with 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane, and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isonitrile to afford iron(II) complexes [L2Fe(κ2-SMeNSMe)2] (3-5). Addition of a Brønsted acid, HNTf2, to 1 produces the paramagnetic, iron(II) amine-amido cation, [Fe(κ3-SMeNSMe)(κ3-SMeNHSMe)](NTf2) (6; Tf = SO2CF3). Cation 6 readily undergoes amine ligand substitution by triphos, affording the 16e- complex [Fe(κ2-SMeNSMe)(κ3-triphos)](NTf2) (7; triphos = bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine). These complexes are characterized by elemental analysis; 1H NMR, Mössbauer, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy; and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Preliminary results of amine-borane dehydrogenation catalysis show complex 7 to be a selective and particularly robust precatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam K Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Daifuku
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Theresa E Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Serge I Gorelsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Maity AK, Murillo J, Metta-Magaña AJ, Pinter B, Fortier S. A Terminal Iron(IV) Nitride Supported by a Super Bulky Guanidinate Ligand and Examination of Its Electronic Structure and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15691-15700. [PMID: 28953380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing the bulky guanidinate ligand [LAr*]- (LAr* = (Ar*N)2C(R), Ar* = 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-tert-butylphenyl, R = NCtBu2) for kinetic stabilization, the synthesis of a rare terminal Fe(IV) nitride complex is reported. UV irradiation of a pyridine solution of the Fe(II) azide [LAr*]FeN3(py) (3-py) at 0 °C cleanly generates the Fe(IV) nitride [LAr*]FeN(py) (1). The 15N NMR spectrum of the 115N (50% Fe≡15N) isotopomer shows a resonance at 1016 ppm (vs externally referenced CH3NO2 at 380 ppm), comparable to that known for other terminal iron nitrides. Notably, the computed structure of 1 reveals an iron center with distorted tetrahedral geometry, τ4 = 0.72, featuring a short Fe≡N bond (1.52 Å). Inspection of the frontier orbital ordering of 1 shows a relatively small HOMO/LUMO gap with the LUMO comprised by Fe(dxz,yz)N(px,y) π*-orbitals, a splitting that is manifested in the electronic absorption spectrum of 1 (λ = 610 nm, ε = 1375 L·mol-1·cm-1; λ = 613 nm (calcd)). Complex 1 persists in low-temperature solutions of pyridine but becomes unstable at room temperature, gradually converting to the Fe(II) hydrazide product [κ2-(tBu2CN)C(η6-NAr*)(N-NAr*)]Fe (4) upon standing via intramolecular N-atom insertion. This reactivity of the Fe≡N moiety was assessed through molecular orbital analysis, which suggests electrophilic character at the nitride functionality. Accordingly, treatment of 1 with the nucleophiles PMe2Ph and Ar-N≡C (Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) leads to partial N-atom transfer and formation of the Fe(II) addition products [LAr*]Fe(N═PMe2Ph)(py) (5) and [LAr*]Fe(N═C═NAr)(py) (6). Similarly, 1 reacts with PhSiH3 to give [LAr*]Fe[N(H)(SiH2Ph)](py) (7) which Fukui analysis shows to proceed via electrophilic insertion of the nitride into the Si-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab K Maity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | | | - Balazs Pinter
- Computational OrganoMetallic and Inorganic Chemistry Group, Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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Grubba R, Kaniewska K, Ponikiewski Ł, Cristóvão B, Ferenc W, Dragulescu-Andrasi A, Krzystek J, Stoian SA, Pikies J. Synthetic, Structural, and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Novel Family of High-Spin Iron(II) [(β-Diketiminate)(phosphanylphosphido)] Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11030-11042. [PMID: 28841309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a series of iron(II) phosphanylphosphido complexes. These compounds were obtained by reacting lithiated diphosphanes R2PP(SiMe3)Li (R = t-Bu, i-Pr) with an iron(II) β-diketiminate complex, [LFe(μ2-Cl)2Li(DME)2] (1), where DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane and L = Dippnacnac (β-diketiminate). While the reaction of 1 with t-Bu2PP(SiMe3)Li yields [LFe(η1-Me3SiPP-t-Bu2)] (2), that of 1 with equimolar amounts of i-Pr2PP(SiMe3)Li, in DME, leads to [LFe(η2-i-Pr2PPSiMe3)] (3). In contrast, the reaction of 1 with (i-Pr2N)2PP(SiMe3)Li provides not an iron-containing complex but 1-[(diisopropylamino)phosphine]-2,4-bis(diisopropylamino)-3-(trimethylsilyl)tetraphosphetane (4). The structures of 2-4 were determined using diffractometry. Thus, 2 exhibits a three-coordinate iron site and 3 a four-coordinate iron site. The increase in the coordination number is induced by the change from an anticlinal to a synclinal conformation of the phoshpanylphosphido ligands. The electronic structures of 2 and 3 were assessed through a combined field-dependent 57Fe Mössbauer and high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation in conjunction with analysis of their magnetic susceptibility and magnetization data. These studies revealed two high-spin iron(II) sites with S = 2 ground states that have different properties. While 2 exhibits a zero-field splitting described by a positive D parameter (D = +17.4 cm-1; E/D = 0.11) for 3, this parameter is negative [D = -25(5) cm-1; E/D = 0.15(5)]. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations provide insights into the origin of these differences and allow us to rationalize the fine and hyperfine structure parameters of 2 and 3. Thus, for 2, the spin-orbit coupling mixes a z2-type ground state with two low-lying {xz/yz} orbital states. These interactions lead to an easy plane of magnetization, which is essentially parallel to the plane defined by the N-Fe-N atoms. For 3, we find a yz-type ground state that is strongly mixed with a low-lying z2-type orbital state. In this case, the spin-orbit interaction leads to a partial unquenching of the orbital momentum along the x axis, that is, to an easy axis of magnetization oriented roughly along the Fe-P bond of the phosphido moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology , G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk PL-80-233, Poland
| | - Kinga Kaniewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology , G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk PL-80-233, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology , G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk PL-80-233, Poland
| | - Beata Cristóvão
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 2, Lublin PL-20-031, Poland
| | - Wiesława Ferenc
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 2, Lublin PL-20-031, Poland
| | - Alina Dragulescu-Andrasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Jerzy Pikies
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology , G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk PL-80-233, Poland
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Weerawardhana EA, Pena A, Zeller M, Lee WT. Synthesis and characterization of iron and cobalt complexes with an asymmetric N -alkyl, N ′-aryl-β-diketiminate ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bellows SM, Arnet NA, Gurubasavaraj PM, Brennessel WW, Bill E, Cundari TR, Holland PL. The Mechanism of N-N Double Bond Cleavage by an Iron(II) Hydride Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12112-23. [PMID: 27598037 PMCID: PMC5499983 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of hydride species for substrate reductions avoids strong reductants, and may enable nitrogenase to reduce multiple bonds without unreasonably low redox potentials. In this work, we explore the N═N bond cleaving ability of a high-spin iron(II) hydride dimer with concomitant release of H2. Specifically, this diiron(II) complex reacts with azobenzene (PhN═NPh) to perform a four-electron reduction, where two electrons come from H2 reductive elimination and the other two come from iron oxidation. The rate law of the H2 releasing reaction indicates that diazene binding occurs prior to H2 elimination, and the negative entropy of activation and inverse kinetic isotope effect indicate that H-H bond formation is the rate-limiting step. Thus, substrate binding causes reductive elimination of H2 that formally reduces the metals, and the metals use the additional two electrons to cleave the N-N multiple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina M. Bellows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | | | | | | | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry and CASCaM, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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Bellows SM, Brennessel WW, Holland PL. Effects of Ligand Halogenation on the Electron Localization, Geometry and Spin State of Low-Coordinate (β-Diketiminato)iron Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016; 2016:3344-3355. [PMID: 28835739 PMCID: PMC5563838 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This contribution explores the influences of incorporating electron-withdrawing CF3 and halide groups into β-diketiminate iron complexes of tetrazene and isocyanide. The synthesis of a new halogenated β-diketimine (LCF3,ClH) was accomplished via two different methods, including a novel microwave-assisted synthesis that improves the yield of the difficult condensation. Treatment of an iron(II) complex of this ligand with reductant and azide gives two diiron complexes with novel tetrazenes as bridging ligands. Structural and Mössbauer data show that the bridging tetrazene is a radical anion. The halogenation of the supporting ligand also influences iron(I) complexes of the type LFe(CNtBu)2, which are low-spin and square-planar with alkyl substituents but high-spin and pseudotetrahedral with halogen substituents. DFT calculations suggest that the changes from halogenation come from a combination of steric and electronic effects, and that the electronic influence of ligand halogenation is minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina M Bellows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University 225, Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Homepage: http://holland.chem.yale.edu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
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Chen C, Bellows SM, Holland PL. Tuning steric and electronic effects in transition-metal β-diketiminate complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16654-70. [PMID: 26244489 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Diketiminates are widely used supporting ligands for building a range of metal complexes with different oxidation states, structures, and reactivities. This Perspective summarizes the steric and electronic influences of ligand substituents on these complexes, with an eye toward informing the design of new complexes with optimized properties. The backbone and N-aryl substituents can give significant steric effects on structure, reactivity and selectivity of reactions. The electron density on the metal can be tuned by installation of electron withdrawing or donating groups on the β-diketiminate ligand as well. Examples are shown from throughout the transition metal series to demonstrate different types of effects attributable to systematic variation of β-diketiminate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
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Wang X, Zhang J, Wang L, Deng L. High-Spin Iron(II) Alkynyl Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity Study. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, 200032
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, 200032
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, 200032
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, 200032
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[2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions at terminal imido uranium(IV) complexes to yield isolable cycloadducts. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Samuel PP, Mondal KC, Amin Sk N, Roesky HW, Carl E, Neufeld R, Stalke D, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Ungur L, Chibotaru LF, Christian J, Ramachandran V, van Tol J, Dalal NS. Electronic Structure and Slow Magnetic Relaxation of Low-Coordinate Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbene Stabilized Iron(I) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11964-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5043116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prinson P. Samuel
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nurul Amin Sk
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elena Carl
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roman Neufeld
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liviu Ungur
- KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan,
200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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38
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Lee WT, Jeon IR, Xu S, Dickie DA, Smith JM. Low-Coordinate Iron(II) Complexes of a Bulky Bis(carbene)borate Ligand. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500417y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Ie-Rang Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, The University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace Street NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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39
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He G, Shynkaruk O, Lui MW, Rivard E. Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7815-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400547x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Melanie W. Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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40
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Dugan T, Bill E, MacLeod KC, Brennessel WW, Holland PL. Synthesis, spectroscopy, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange in high-spin iron(II) hydride complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2370-80. [PMID: 24555749 PMCID: PMC3993920 DOI: 10.1021/ic4013137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Very few hydride complexes are known in which the metals have a high-spin electronic configuration. We describe the characterization of several high-spin iron(II) hydride/deuteride isotopologues and their exchange reactions with one another and with H2/D2. Though the hydride/deuteride signal is not observable in NMR spectra, the choice of isotope has an influence on the chemical shifts of distant protons in the dimers through the paramagnetic isotope effect on chemical shift. This provides the first way to monitor the exchange of H and D in the bridging positions of these hydride complexes. The rate of exchange depends on the size of the supporting ligand, and this is consistent with the idea that H2/D2 exchange into the hydrides occurs through the dimeric complexes rather than through a transient monomer. The understanding of H/D exchange mechanisms in these high-spin iron hydride complexes may be relevant to postulated nitrogenase mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
R. Dugan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim
an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - K. Cory MacLeod
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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41
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Chen C, Dugan TR, Brennessel WW, Weix DJ, Holland PL. Z-Selective Alkene Isomerization by High-Spin Cobalt(II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:945-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ja408238n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Thomas R. Dugan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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42
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Sazama GT, Betley TA. Multiple, disparate redox pathways exhibited by a tris(pyrrolido)ethane iron complex. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:269-81. [PMID: 24320208 DOI: 10.1021/ic402210j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III) complexes of the tris(pyrrolide)ethane trianion have been synthesized by reaction of one- and two-electron oxidants with [(tpe)Fe(THF)][Li(THF)4] (tpe = tris(5-mesitylpyrrolyl)ethane). X-ray crystallography, (57)Fe Mössbauer, (1)H NMR and EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and density functional theory calculations were employed to rigorously establish the iron 3+ oxidation state. All oxidants employed are proposed to operate via an inner-sphere electron transfer mechanism. Dialkyl peroxides and dibenzyldisulfide served to oxidize iron by one electron, and group transfer of an aryl nitrene unit to the Fe(2+) starting material resulted in formation of Fe(3+) amido species following H-atom abstraction by a presumed nitrenoid intermediate. Single electron transfer to and from diphenyldiazoalkane was also observed to yield a diphenyldiazomethanyl radical anion antiferromagnetically coupled to the S = 5/2 Fe(3+). Isolation of Fe(3+) complexes of tpe, in comparison with previous results wherein the tpe ligand was the redox active moiety, presents an unusual juxtaposition of two noncommunicating redox reservoirs, each accessible via different reaction pathways (namely, inner- and outer-sphere electron transfer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham T Sazama
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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43
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Wang W, Rauchfuss TB, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, De Gioia L, Zampella G. Crystallographic Characterization of a Fully Rotated, Basic Diiron Dithiolate: Model for the HredState? Chemistry 2013; 19:15476-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Ruddy AJ, Kelly CM, Crawford SM, Wheaton CA, Sydora OL, Small BL, Stradiotto M, Turculet L. (N-Phosphinoamidinate)Iron Pre-Catalysts for the Room Temperature Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Broad Substrate Scope at Low Loadings. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400883u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Ruddy
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Colin M. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Craig A. Wheaton
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Orson L. Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Brooke L. Small
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laura Turculet
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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45
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Bellow JA, Fang D, Kovacevic N, Martin PD, Shearer J, Cisneros GA, Groysman S. Novel alkoxide cluster topologies featuring rare seesaw geometry at transition metal centers. Chemistry 2013; 19:12225-8. [PMID: 23934604 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Caution! Chemists playing: Novel clusters of the form [M2Li2Cl2(OR)4] featuring rare seesaw geometry at the transition metal centers were synthesized for M=Cr-Co. The use of sterically hindering alkoxide ligands, as well as the inclusion of lithium ions in the structures enforces this highly unusual configuration.
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46
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Webb JR, Burgess SA, Cundari TR, Gunnoe TB. Activation of carbon–hydrogen bonds and dihydrogen by 1,2-CH-addition across metal–heteroatom bonds. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:16646-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52164h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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Guillet GL, Sloane FT, Ermert DM, Calkins MW, Peprah MK, Knowles ES, Čižmár E, Abboud KA, Meisel MW, Murray LJ. Preorganized assembly of three iron(ii) or manganese(ii) β-diketiminate complexes using a cyclophane ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6635-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Wang X, Mo Z, Xiao J, Deng L. Monomeric Bis(anilido)iron(II) Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Redox Reactivity toward Aryl Halides. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:59-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301894e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P.
R. China, 200032
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P.
R. China, 200032
| | - Jie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P.
R. China, 200032
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P.
R. China, 200032
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49
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Walter MD, White PS. Reactivity Studies on [Cp′FeI]2: Monomeric Amido, Phenoxo, and Alkyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11860-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter S. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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50
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Rodriguez MM, Bill E, Brennessel WW, Holland PL. N₂reduction and hydrogenation to ammonia by a molecular iron-potassium complex. Science 2011; 334:780-3. [PMID: 22076372 DOI: 10.1126/science.1211906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The most common catalyst in the Haber-Bosch process for the hydrogenation of dinitrogen (N(2)) to ammonia (NH(3)) is an iron surface promoted with potassium cations (K(+)), but soluble iron complexes have neither reduced the N-N bond of N(2) to nitride (N(3-)) nor produced large amounts of NH(3) from N(2). We report a molecular iron complex that reacts with N(2) and a potassium reductant to give a complex with two nitrides, which are bound to iron and potassium cations. The product has a Fe(3)N(2) core, implying that three iron atoms cooperate to break the N-N triple bond through a six-electron reduction. The nitride complex reacts with acid and with H(2) to give substantial yields of N(2)-derived ammonia. These reactions, although not yet catalytic, give structural and spectroscopic insight into N(2) cleavage and N-H bond-forming reactions of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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