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Feng J, She Y, Li C, Shen L. Metal ion mediated aggregation of Alzheimer's disease peptides and proteins in solutions and at surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:103009. [PMID: 37776735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unclear, abnormally high concentrations of metal ions, like copper, iron and zinc, were found in senile plaques of AD brain, which inspires extensive studies on the fundamental molecular interactions of metal ions with the pathogenic hallmarks, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and tau proteins, respectively forming senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD brains. Early works concern the concentration effect of the metal ions on Aβ and tau aggregation. Yet, it is obvious that the surrounding environment of the metal ions must also be considered, not just the metal ions as free accessible forms in the solution phase. The most important surrounding environment in vivo is a very large surface area from cell membranes and other macromolecular surfaces. These bio-interfaces make the kinetic pathways of metal ion mediated Aβ and tau aggregation radically different from those in the solution phase. To better understand the role of metal ions in AD peptide and protein aggregation, we summarize and discuss the recent achievements in the research of metal ion mediated Aβ and tau aggregation, particularly the corresponding mechanism differences between the solution phase and the surface environment. The metal ion chelation therapy for AD is also discussed from the point of the surface pool of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases Nanomedicine of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yifei She
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases Nanomedicine of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chongjia Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases Nanomedicine of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases Nanomedicine of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Aβ and Tau Interact with Metal Ions, Lipid Membranes and Peptide-Based Amyloid Inhibitors: Are These Common Features Relevant in Alzheimer’s Disease? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165066. [PMID: 36014310 PMCID: PMC9414153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the amyloid hypothesis, i.e., the abnormal accumulation of toxic Aβ assemblies in the brain, has been considered the mainstream concept sustaining research in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, the course of cognitive decline and AD development better correlates with tau accumulation rather than amyloid peptide deposition. Moreover, all clinical trials of amyloid-targeting drug candidates have been unsuccessful, implicitly suggesting that the amyloid hypothesis needs significant amendments. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a series of potentially dangerous relationships between Aβ oligomeric species and tau protein in AD. However, the molecular determinants underlying pathogenic Aβ/tau cross interactions are not fully understood. Here, we discuss the common features of Aβ and tau molecules, with special emphasis on: (i) the critical role played by metal dyshomeostasis in promoting both Aβ and tau aggregation and oxidative stress, in AD; (ii) the effects of lipid membranes on Aβ and tau (co)-aggregation at the membrane interface; (iii) the potential of small peptide-based inhibitors of Aβ and tau misfolding as therapeutic tools in AD. Although the molecular mechanism underlying the direct Aβ/tau interaction remains largely unknown, the arguments discussed in this review may help reinforcing the current view of a synergistic Aβ/tau molecular crosstalk in AD and stimulate further research to mechanism elucidation and next-generation AD therapeutics.
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Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. The interactions of these peptides with copper and zinc ions also seem to be crucial for this pathology. Although Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions binding by Aβ peptides has been scrupulously investigated, surprisingly, this phenomenon has not been so thoroughly elucidated for N-truncated Aβ4-x-probably the most common version of this biomolecule. This negligence also applies to mixed Cu-Zn complexes. From the structural in silico analysis presented in this work, it appears that there are two possible mixed Cu-Zn(Aβ4-x) complexes with different stoichiometries and, consequently, distinct properties. The Cu-Zn(Aβ4-x) complex with 1:1:1 stoichiometry may have a neuroprotective superoxide dismutase-like activity. On the other hand, another mixed 2:1:2 Cu-Zn(Aβ4-x) complex is perhaps a seed for toxic oligomers. Hence, this work proposes a novel research direction for our better understanding of AD development.
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Tau/Aβ chimera peptides: A Thioflavin-T and MALDI-TOF study of Aβ amyloidosis in the presence of Cu(II) or Zn(II) ions and total lipid brain extract (TLBE) vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 237:105085. [PMID: 33895131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition, with limited therapeutic options. Several factors, like Amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, bio-metals dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress contribute to AD pathogenesis. These pathogenic processes might occur in the aqueous phase but also on neuronal membranes. Thus, investigating the connection between Aβ and biomembranes, becomes important for unveiling the molecular mechanism underlying Aβ amyloidosis as a critical event in AD pathology. In this work, the interaction of two peptides, made up with hybrid sequences from Tau protein 9-16 (EVMEDHAG) or 26-33 (QGGYTMHQ) N-terminal domain and Aβ16-20 (KLVFF) hydrophobic region, with full length Aβ40 or Aβ42 peptides is reported. The studied "chimera" peptides Ac-EVMEDHAGKLVFF-NH2 (τ9-16-KL) and Ac-QGGYTMHQKLVFF-NH2 (τ26-33-KL) are endowed with Aβ recognition and metal ion interaction capabilities provided by the tau or Aβ sequences, respectively. These peptides were characterized in previous study along with their metal dependent interaction and amyloidogenesis, either in the presence or absence of metal ion and artificial membranes made up with Total Lipid Brain Extract (TLBE) components, (Sciacca et al., 2020). In the present paper, the ability of the two peptides to inhibit Aβ aggregation is studied using composite experimental conditions including aqueous solution, the presence of metal ions (Cu or Zn), the presence of lipid vesicles mimicking neuronal membranes as well as the co-presence of metals and TLBE artificial membranes. We used Thioflavine-T (ThT) fluorescence or MALDI-TOF spectrometry analysis of Aβ limited proteolysis to respectively monitor the Aβ aggregation kinetic or validation of the Aβ interacting regions. We demonstrate that τ9-16-KL and τ26-33-KL peptides differently affect Aβ aggregation kinetics, with the tau sequence playing a crucial role. The results are discussed in terms of chimera's peptides hydrophobicity and electrostatic driven interactions at the aqueous/membrane interface.
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Atrián-Blasco E, Cerrada E, Faller P, Laguna M, Hureau C. Role of PTA in the prevention of Cu(amyloid-β) induced ROS formation and amyloid-β oligomerisation in the presence of Zn. Metallomics 2020; 11:1154-1161. [PMID: 31098605 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metal-targeting drugs are being widely explored as a possible treatment for Alzheimer's disease, but most of these ligands are developed to coordinate Cu(ii). In a previous communication (E. Atrián-Blasco, E. Cerrada, A. Conte-Daban, D. Testemale, P. Faller, M. Laguna and C. Hureau, Metallomics, 2015, 7, 1229-1232) we showed another strategy where Cu(i) was targeted with the PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) ligand that is able to target Cu(ii) as well, reduce it and keep it in a safe complexed species. Removal of Cu(ii) from the amyloid-β peptide prevents the stabilization of oligomers and protofibrils and the complexation of Cu(i) also stops the formation of reactive oxygen species. Besides, zinc, which is found in the synaptic cleft at a higher concentration than copper, can hamper the ability of metal-targeting drug candidates, an issue that is still poorly considered and studied. Here we show that PTA fully retains the above described properties even in the presence of zinc, thus fulfilling an additional pre-requisite for its use as a model of Cu(i)-targeting drug candidates in the Alzheimer's disease context.
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Sciacca MF, Di Natale G, Tosto R, Milardi D, Pappalardo G. Tau/Aβ chimera peptides: Evaluating the dual function of metal coordination and membrane interaction in one sequence. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:110996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aliès B, Borghesani V, Noël S, Sayen S, Guillon E, Testemale D, Faller P, Hureau C. Mutations of Histidine 13 to Arginine and Arginine 5 to Glycine Are Responsible for Different Coordination Sites of Zinc(II) to Human and Murine Peptides. Chemistry 2018; 24:14233-14241. [PMID: 29978925 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Because mice and rats do not naturally develop Alzheimer's disease, genetically modified animals are required to study this pathology. This striking difference in terms of disease onset could be due to three alterations in the murine sequence (R5G, Y10F and H13R) of the amyloid-β peptide with respect to the human counterpart. Whether the metal-ion binding properties of the murine peptide are at the origin of such different amyloidogenicity of the two peptides is still an open question. Herein, the main zinc binding site to the murine amyloid-β at physiological pH has been determined through the combination of several spectroscopic and analytical methods applied to a series of six peptides with one or two of the key mutations. These results have been compared with the zinc binding site encountered in the human peptide. A coordination mechanism that demonstrates the importance of the H13R and R5G mutations in the different zinc environments present in the murine and human peptides is proposed. The nature of the minor zinc species present at physiological pH is also suggested for both peptides. Finally, the biological relevance and fallouts of the differences determined in zinc binding to human versus murine amyloid-β are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Aliès
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Current address: Université de Bordeaux, ChemBioPharm INSERM U1212 CNRS UMR 5320, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sabrina Noël
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephanie Sayen
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR 7312 CNRS-URCA, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Emmanuel Guillon
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR 7312 CNRS-URCA, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Denis Testemale
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France.,BM30B/FAME, ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Faller
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Current address: Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Institut Le Bel, 67008, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Lanza V, Bellia F, Rizzarelli E. An inorganic overview of natural Aβ fragments: Copper(II) and zinc(II)-mediated pathways. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Atrián-Blasco E, Conte-Daban A, Hureau C. Mutual interference of Cu and Zn ions in Alzheimer's disease: perspectives at the molecular level. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12750-12759. [PMID: 28937157 PMCID: PMC5656098 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
While metal ions such as copper and zinc are essential in biology, they are also linked to several amyloid-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Zinc and copper can indeed modify the aggregation pathways of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, the key component encountered in AD. In addition, the redox active copper ions do produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) when bound to the Aβ peptide. While Cu(i) or Cu(ii) or Zn(ii) coordination to the Aβ has been extensively studied in the last ten years, characterization of hetero-bimetallic Aβ complexes is still scarce. This is also true for the metal induced Aβ aggregation and ROS production, for which studies on the mutual influence of the copper and zinc ions are currently appearing. Last but not least, zinc can strongly interfere in therapeutic approaches relying on copper detoxification. This will be exemplified with a biological lead, namely metallothioneins, and with synthetic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Atrián-Blasco
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne , BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France .
- University of Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
| | - Amandine Conte-Daban
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne , BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France .
- University of Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
| | - Christelle Hureau
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne , BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France .
- University of Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
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Branch T, Barahona M, Dodson CA, Ying L. Kinetic Analysis Reveals the Identity of Aβ-Metal Complex Responsible for the Initial Aggregation of Aβ in the Synapse. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28621929 PMCID: PMC5609119 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The
mechanism of Aβ aggregation in the absence of metal ions
is well established, yet the role that Zn2+ and Cu2+, the two most studied metal ions, released during neurotransmission,
paly in promoting Aβ aggregation in the vicinity of neuronal
synapses remains elusive. Here we report the kinetics of Zn2+ binding to Aβ and Zn2+/Cu2+ binding
to Aβ-Cu to form ternary complexes under near physiological
conditions (nM Aβ, μM metal ions). We find that these
reactions are several orders of magnitude slower than Cu2+ binding to Aβ. Coupled reaction-diffusion simulations of the
interactions of synaptically released metal ions with Aβ show
that up to a third of Aβ is Cu2+-bound under repetitive
metal ion release, while any other Aβ-metal complexes (including
Aβ-Zn) are insignificant. We therefore conclude that Zn2+ is unlikely to play an important role in the very early
stages (i.e., dimer formation) of Aβ aggregation, contrary to
a widely held view in the subject. We propose that targeting the specific
interactions between Cu2+ and Aβ may be a viable
option in drug development efforts for early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Branch
- Institute of Chemical Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Mathematics, and ∥National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Barahona
- Institute of Chemical Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Mathematics, and ∥National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A. Dodson
- Institute of Chemical Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Mathematics, and ∥National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Ying
- Institute of Chemical Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Mathematics, and ∥National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Grasso G, Komatsu H, Axelsen P. Covalent modifications of the amyloid beta peptide by hydroxynonenal: Effects on metal ion binding by monomers and insights into the fibril topology. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 174:130-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sóvágó I, Várnagy K, Lihi N, Grenács Á. Coordinating properties of peptides containing histidyl residues. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Conte-Daban A, Day A, Faller P, Hureau C. How Zn can impede Cu detoxification by chelating agents in Alzheimer's disease: a proof-of-concept study. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15671-15678. [PMID: 27711738 PMCID: PMC5123634 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role of Cu and Zn ions in Alzheimer's disease is linked to the consequences of their coordination to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, i.e. to the modulation of Aβ aggregation and to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), two central events of the so-called amyloid cascade. The role of both ions in Aβ aggregation is still controversial. Conversely the higher toxicity of the redox competent Cu ions (compared to the redox inert Zn ions) in ROS production is acknowledged. Thus the Cu ions can be considered as the main therapeutic target. Because Zn ions are present in higher quantity than Cu ions in the synaptic cleft, they can prevent detoxification of Cu by chelators unless they have an unusually high Cu over Zn selectivity. We describe a proof-of-concept study where the role of Zn on the metal swap reaction between two prototypical ligands and the Cu(Aβ) species has been investigated by several complementary spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, EPR and XANES). The first ligand has a higher Cu over Zn selectivity relative to the one of Aβ peptide while the second one exhibits a classical Cu over Zn selectivity. How Zn impacts the effect of the ligands on Cu-induced ROS production and Aβ aggregation is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Conte-Daban
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. and University of Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Adam Day
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. and University of Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Peter Faller
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. and University of Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Christelle Hureau
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. and University of Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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De Santis E, Minicozzi V, Morante S, Rossi GC, Stellato F. The role of metals in protein conformational disorders - The case of prion protein and Aβ -peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/689/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Di Natale G, Sinopoli A, Grenács Á, Sanna D, Sóvágó I, Pappalardo G. Copper(ii) coordination properties of the Aβ(1–16)2 peptidomimetic: experimental evidence of intermolecular macrochelate complex species in the Aβ dimer. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination features of the copper(ii) complexes with a Aβ(1–16)2 dimeric model are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Sinopoli
- PhD Program in Translational Biomedicine
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Ágnes Grenács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Daniele Sanna
- CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
- 07040 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Imre Sóvágó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
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16
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De Santis E, Minicozzi V, Proux O, Rossi G, Silva KI, Lawless MJ, Stellato F, Saxena S, Morante S. Cu(II)-Zn(II) Cross-Modulation in Amyloid-Beta Peptide Binding: An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15813-20. [PMID: 26646533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work we analyze at a structural level the mechanism by which Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions compete for binding to the Aβ peptides that is involved in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. We collected X-ray absorption spectroscopy data on samples containing Aβ with Cu and Zn at different concentration ratios. We show that the order in which metals are added to the peptide solution matters and that, when Zn is added first, it prevents Cu from binding. On the contrary, when Cu is added first, it does not (completely) prevent Zn binding to Aβ peptides. Our analysis suggests that Cu and Zn ions are coordinated to different numbers of histidine residues depending on the [ion]:[peptide] concentration ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano De Santis
- Department of Physics and INFN, University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics and INFN, University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Olivier Proux
- Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble , Grenoble 38400, France
| | - Giancarlo Rossi
- Department of Physics and INFN, University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.,Centro Fermi , Rome 00184, Italy
| | - K Ishara Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Matthew J Lawless
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Department of Physics and INFN, University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Sunil Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Silvia Morante
- Department of Physics and INFN, University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
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17
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Copper(II) and nickel(II) binding sites of peptide containing adjacent histidyl residues. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Stelmashook EV, Isaev NK, Genrikhs EE, Amelkina GA, Khaspekov LG, Skrebitsky VG, Illarioshkin SN. Role of zinc and copper ions in the pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:391-6. [PMID: 24954589 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disbalance of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions in the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative disorders such as multisystem atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Wilson-Konovalov disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Among these, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most frequent age-related neurodegenerative pathologies with disorders in Zn2+ and Cu2+ homeostasis playing a pivotal role in the mechanisms of pathogenesis. In this review we generalized and systematized current literature data concerning this problem. The interactions of Zn2+ and Cu2+ with amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-amyloid (Abeta), tau-protein, metallothioneins, and GSK3β are considered, as well as the role of these interactions in the generation of free radicals in AD and PD. Analysis of the literature suggests that the main factors of AD and PD pathogenesis (oxidative stress, structural disorders and aggregation of proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency) that initiate a cascade of events resulting finally in the dysfunction of neuronal networks are mediated by the disbalance of Zn2+ and Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Stelmashook
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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19
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Di Natale G, Turi I, Pappalardo G, Sóvágó I, Rizzarelli E. Cross-Talk Between the Octarepeat Domain and the Fifth Binding Site of Prion Protein Driven by the Interaction of Copper(II) with the N-terminus. Chemistry 2015; 21:4071-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes of the N-terminal nonapeptide fragment of amyloid-β and its derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 139:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Vajda T, Perczel A. Role of water in protein folding, oligomerization, amyloidosis and miniprotein. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:747-59. [PMID: 25098401 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The essential involvement of water in most fundamental extra-cellular and intracellular processes of proteins is critically reviewed and evaluated in this article. The role of water in protein behavior displays structural ambivalence; it can protect the disordered peptide-chain by hydration or helps the globular chain-folding, but promotes also the protein aggregation, as well (see: diseases). A variety of amyloid diseases begins as benign protein monomers but develops then into toxic amyloid aggregates of fibrils. Our incomplete knowledge of this process emphasizes the essential need to reveal the principles of governing this oligomerization. To understand the biophysical basis of the simpler in vitro amyloid formation may help to decipher also the in vivo way. Nevertheless, to ignore the central role of the water's effect among these events means to receive an uncompleted picture of the true phenomenon. Therefore this review represents a stopgap role, because the most published studies--with a few exceptions--have been neglected the crucial importance of water in the protein research. The following questions are discussed from the water's viewpoint: (i) interactions between water and proteins, (ii) protein hydration/dehydration, (iii) folding of proteins and miniproteins, (iv) peptide/protein oligomerization, and (v) amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Vajda
- MTA-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University and Laboratory of Structural Chemistry & Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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22
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Narayan P, Krishnarjuna B, Vishwanathan V, Jagadeesh Kumar D, Babu S, Ramanathan KV, Easwaran KRK, Nagendra HG, Raghothama S. Does aluminium bind to histidine? An NMR investigation of amyloid β12 and amyloid β16 fragments. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 82:48-59. [PMID: 23464626 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium and zinc are known to be the major triggering agents for aggregation of amyloid peptides leading to plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease. While zinc binding to histidine in Aβ (amyloid β) fragments has been implicated as responsible for aggregation, not much information is available on the interaction of aluminium with histidine. In the NMR study of the N-terminal Aβ fragments, DAEFRHDSGYEV (Aβ12) and DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQK (Aβ16) presented here, the interactions of the fragments with aluminium have been investigated. Significant chemical shifts were observed for few residues near the C-terminus when aluminium chloride was titrated with Aβ12 and Aβ16 peptides. Surprisingly, it is nonhistidine residues which seem to be involved in aluminium binding. Based on NMR constrained structure obtained by molecular modelling, aluminium-binding pockets in Aβ12 were around charged residues such as Asp, Glu. The results are discussed in terms of native structure propagation, and the relevance of histidine residues in the sequences for metal-binding interactions. We expect that the study of such short amyloid peptide fragments will not only provide clues for plaque formation in aggregated conditions but also facilitate design of potential drugs for these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Narayan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 562157, India
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23
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Binary and ternary mixed metal complexes of terminally free peptides containing two different histidyl binding sites. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Martic S, Rains MK, Kraatz HB. Probing copper/tau protein interactions electrochemically. Anal Biochem 2013; 442:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Wärmländer S, Tiiman A, Abelein A, Luo J, Jarvet J, Söderberg KL, Danielsson J, Gräslund A. Biophysical studies of the amyloid β-peptide: interactions with metal ions and small molecules. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1692-704. [PMID: 23983094 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common of the protein misfolding ("amyloid") diseases. The deposits in the brains of afflicted patients contain as a major fraction an aggregated insoluble form of the so-called amyloid β-peptides (Aβ peptides): fragments of the amyloid precursor protein of 39-43 residues in length. This review focuses on biophysical studies of the Aβ peptides: that is, of the aggregation pathways and intermediates observed during aggregation, of the molecular structures observed along these pathways, and of the interactions of Aβ with Cu and Zn ions and with small molecules that modify the aggregation pathways. Particular emphasis is placed on studies based on high-resolution and solid-state NMR methods. Theoretical studies relating to the interactions are also included. An emerging picture is that of Aβ peptides in aqueous solution undergoing hydrophobic collapse together with identical partners. There then follows a relatively slow process leading to more ordered secondary and tertiary (quaternary) structures in the growing aggregates. These aggregates eventually assemble into elongated fibrils visible by electron microscopy. Small molecules or metal ions that interfere with the aggregation processes give rise to a variety of aggregation products that may be studied in vitro and considered in relation to observations in cell cultures or in vivo. Although the heterogeneous nature of the processes makes detailed structural studies difficult, knowledge and understanding of the underlying physical chemistry might provide a basis for future therapeutic strategies against the disease. A final part of the review deals with the interactions that may occur between the Aβ peptides and the prion protein, where the latter is involved in other protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm (Sweden)
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26
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Silva KI, Saxena S. Zn(II) ions substantially perturb Cu(II) ion coordination in amyloid-β at physiological pH. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9386-94. [PMID: 23841511 DOI: 10.1021/jp406067n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions with amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. We describe the use of electron spin resonance (ESR) to measure metal-binding competition between Cu(II) and Zn(II) in amyloid-β at physiological pH. Continuous wave ESR measurements show that the affinity of Cu(II) toward Aβ(1-16) is significantly higher than that of Zn(II) at physiological pH. Importantly, of the two known Cu(II) coordination modes in Aβ, component I and component II, Zn(II) displaces Cu(II) only from component I. Our results indicate that at excess amounts of Zn(II) component II becomes the most dominant coordination mode. This observation is important as Aβ aggregates in the brain contain a high Zn(II) ion concentration. In order to determine details of the metal ion competition, electron spin echo envelope modulation experiments were carried out on Aβ variants that were systematically (15)N labeled. In the presence of Zn(II), most peptides use His 14 as an equatorial ligand to bind Cu(II) ions. Interestingly, Zn(II) ions completely substitute Cu(II) ions that are simultaneously coordinated to His 6 and His 13. Furthermore, in the presence of Zn(II), the proportion of Cu(II) ions that are simultaneously coordinated to His 13 and His 14 is increased. On the basis of our results we suggest that His 13 plays a critical role in modulating the morphology of Aβ aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishara Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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27
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Arena G, Bellia F, Frasca G, Grasso G, Lanza V, Rizzarelli E, Tabbì G, Zito V, Milardi D. Inorganic Stressors of Ubiquitin. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9567-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401276x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Arena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea
Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini
UOS—CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Frasca
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini
UOS—CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Grasso
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini
UOS—CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini
UOS—CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea
Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini
UOS—CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tabbì
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini
UOS—CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Zito
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini
UOS—CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini
UOS—CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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28
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Alies B, Sasaki I, Proux O, Sayen S, Guillon E, Faller P, Hureau C. Zn impacts Cu coordination to amyloid-β, the Alzheimer's peptide, but not the ROS production and the associated cell toxicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1214-6. [PMID: 23282470 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc38236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Combined coordination of Zn(II) and Cu(I) or Cu(II) to the amyloid-β peptide has been investigated using XANES, EPR and NMR spectroscopies. While Zn(II) does alter Cu(II) binding to Aβ, this has no effect on (Aβ)Cu induced ROS production and associated cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Alies
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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29
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Pramanik D, Ghosh C, Mukherjee S, Dey SG. Interaction of amyloid β peptides with redox active heme cofactor: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Attanasio F, De Bona P, Cataldo S, Sciacca MFM, Milardi D, Pignataro B, Pappalardo G. Copper(ii) and zinc(ii) dependent effects on Aβ42 aggregation: a CD, Th-T and SFM study. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj40999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Zawisza I, Rózga M, Bal W. Affinity of copper and zinc ions to proteins and peptides related to neurodegenerative conditions (Aβ, APP, α-synuclein, PrP). Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Coordination of zinc ions to the key proteins of neurodegenerative diseases: Aβ, APP, α-synuclein and PrP. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Copper, zinc and iron in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases). Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Grasso G, Spoto G. Plasmonics for the study of metal ion–protein interactions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1833-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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36
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Jószai V, Turi I, Kállay C, Pappalardo G, Di Natale G, Rizzarelli E, Sóvágó I. Mixed metal copper(II)-nickel(II) and copper(II)-zinc(II) complexes of multihistidine peptide fragments of human prion protein. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 112:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Grasso G, Salomone F, Tundo GR, Pappalardo G, Ciaccio C, Spoto G, Pietropaolo A, Coletta M, Rizzarelli E. Metal ions affect insulin-degrading enzyme activity. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:351-8. [PMID: 22819648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin degradation is a finely tuned process that plays a major role in controlling insulin action and most evidence supports IDE (insulin-degrading enzyme) as the primary degradative agent. However, the biomolecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between IDE and its substrates are often obscure, rendering the specific enzyme activity quite difficult to target. On the other hand, biometals, such as copper, aluminum and zinc, have an important role in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or diabetes mellitus. The metabolic disorders connected with the latter lead to some metallostasis alterations in the human body and many studies point at a high level of interdependence between diabetes and several cations. We have previously reported (Grasso et al., Chem. Eur. J. 17 (2011) 2752-2762) that IDE activity toward Aβ peptides can be modulated by metal ions. Here, we have investigated the effects of different metal ions on the IDE proteolytic activity toward insulin as well as a designed peptide comprising a portion of the insulin B chain (B20-30), which has a very low affinity for metal ions. The results obtained by different experimental techniques clearly show that IDE is irreversibly inhibited by copper(I) but is still able to process its substrates when it is bound to copper(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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38
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Pedersen JT, Hureau C, Hemmingsen L, Heegaard NHH, Østergaard J, Vašák M, Faller P. Rapid Exchange of Metal between Zn7–Metallothionein-3 and Amyloid-β Peptide Promotes Amyloid-Related Structural Changes. Biochemistry 2012; 51:1697-706. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201774z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe T. Pedersen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen,
Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse,
France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christelle Hureau
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse,
France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Lars Hemmingsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen,
Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H. H. Heegaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Milan Vašák
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190,
8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Faller
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse,
France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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39
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Grasso G, Giuffrida ML, Rizzarelli E. Metallostasis and amyloid β-degrading enzymes. Metallomics 2012; 4:937-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20105d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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40
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RETRACTED: Zinc-mediated modulation of the configuration and activity of complexes between copper and amyloid-β peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 417:153-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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