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Ludwig M, Franz D, Espinosa Ferao A, Bolte M, Hanusch F, Inoue S. Anions featuring an aluminium-silicon core with alumanyl silanide and aluminata-silene characteristics. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1452-1460. [PMID: 37400594 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular species containing multiple bonds to aluminium have long been challenging synthetic targets. Despite recent landmark discoveries in this area, heterodinuclear Al-E multiple bonds (where E is a group-14 element) have remained rare and limited to highly polarized π-interactions (Al=E ↔ +Al-E-). Here we report the isolation of three alumanyl silanide anions that feature an Al-Si core stabilized by bulky substituents and a Si-Na interaction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory calculations show that the Al-Si interaction possesses partial double bond character. Preliminary reactivity studies support this description of the compounds through two resonance structures: one that displays a predominant nucleophilic character of the sodium-coordinated silicon centre in the Al-Si core, as shown by silanide-like reactivity towards halosilane electrophiles and the CH-insertion of phenylacetylene. Moreover, we report an alumanyl silanide with a sequestered sodium cation. Cleavage of the Si-Na bond by [2.2.2]cryptand increases the double bond character of the Al-Si core to produce an anion with high aluminata-silene (-Al=Si) character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ludwig
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Daniel Franz
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany.
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2
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Bowles AWJ, Liu Y, Stevens MP, Vitorica‐Yrezabal IJ, McMullin CL, Ortu F. A Blueprint for the Stabilization of Sub-Valent Alkaline Earth Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301850. [PMID: 37338225 PMCID: PMC10947258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of sub-valent Group 2 chemistry is a relatively new research field, being established in 2007 with the report of the first Mg(I) dimers. These species are stabilized by the formation of a Mg-Mg covalent bond; however, the extension of this chemistry to heavier alkaline earth (AE) metals has been frustrated by significant synthetic challenges, primarily associated with the instability of heavy AE-AE interactions. Here we present a new blueprint for the stabilization of heavy AE(I) complexes, based upon the reduction of AE(II) precursors with planar coordination geometries. We report the synthesis and structural characterisation of homoleptic trigonal planar AE(II) complexes of the monodentate amides {N(SiMe3 )2 }- and {N(Mes)(SiMe3 )}- . DFT calculations showed that the LUMOs of these complexes all show some d-character for AE = Ca-Ba. DFT analysis of the square planar Sr(II) complex [Sr{N(SiMe3 )2 }(dioxane)2 ]∞ revealed analogous frontier orbital d-character. AE(I) complexes that could be accessed by reduction of these AE(II) precursors were modelled computationally, revealing exergonic formation in all cases. Crucially, NBO calculations show that some d-character is preserved in the SOMO of theoretical AE(I) products upon reduction, showing that d-orbitals could play a crucial role in achieving stable heavy AE(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W. J. Bowles
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHUK
| | - Yu Liu
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHUK
| | - Matthew P. Stevens
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHUK
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Ortu
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHUK
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3
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Nazish M, Legendre CM, Graw N, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Sankar Dutta S, Lourderaj U, Roesky HW. Coordination and Stabilization of a Lithium Ion with a Silylene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203528. [PMID: 36534595 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the stabilization of lithium-ion as the source of lithium to use as a trans-metalation reagent [{PhC(Nt Bu)2 Si(t Bu)Li}2 I(t BuN)2 CPh] (1). The reaction of 3 equivalents of the LSit Bu (L=PhC(Nt Bu)2 ) and lithium iodide at low temperature leads to a silylene stabilized lithium-ion with an additional coordination of amidinate ligand. Compound 1 shows two four membered and one six membered ring as confirmed by QTAIM calculations. Whereas the reaction of the LSiCl with 1.5 equivalents of carbodiimide (CyN)2 C at room temperature affords compound [PhC(Nt Bu)2 Si(Cl)(NCy)2 NCy] (2) with the CN2 SiN2 C skeleton containing silicon as a central atom. Both the compounds were fully characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and quantum mechanical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina M Legendre
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nico Graw
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Siddharth Sankar Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of HBNI, Jatni P. O., Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Upakarasamy Lourderaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of HBNI, Jatni P. O., Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Lapshin IV, Cherkasov AV, Trifonov AA. Heteroleptic Bis(amido) Ca(II) and Yb(II) NHC Pincer Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity in Intermolecular Hydrofunctionalization of C═C Bonds. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Lapshin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina Str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina Str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina Str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, GSP-1, Russia
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Das P, Chattaraj PK. Stabilisation of Li(0)-Li(0) bond by normal and mesoionic carbenes and electride characteristics of the complexes. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2026512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Schwamm RJ, Hill MS, Liu HY, Mahon MF, McMullin CL, Rajabi NA. Seven-Membered Cyclic Potassium Diamidoalumanyls. Chemistry 2021; 27:14971-14980. [PMID: 34403562 PMCID: PMC8596455 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The seven-membered cyclic potassium alumanyl species, [{SiNMes }AlK]2 [{SiNMes }={CH2 SiMe2 N(Mes)}2 ; Mes=2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 ], which adopts a dimeric structure supported by flanking K-aryl interactions, has been isolated either by direct reduction of the iodide precursor, [{SiNMes }AlI], or in a stepwise manner via the intermediate dialumane, [{SiNMes }Al]2 . Although the intermediate dialumane has not been observed by reduction of a Dipp-substituted analogue (Dipp=2,6-i-Pr2 C6 H3 ), partial oxidation of the potassium alumanyl species, [{SiNDipp }AlK]2 , where {SiNDipp }={CH2 SiMe2 N(Dipp)}2 , provided the extremely encumbered dialumane [{SiNDipp }Al]2 . [{SiNDipp }AlK]2 reacts with toluene by reductive activation of a methyl C(sp3 )-H bond to provide the benzyl hydridoaluminate, [{SiNDipp }AlH(CH2 Ph)]K, and as a nucleophile with BPh3 and RN=C=NR (R=i-Pr, Cy) to yield the respective Al-B- and Al-C-bonded potassium aluminaborate and alumina-amidinate products. The dimeric structure of [{SiNDipp }AlK]2 can be disrupted by partial or complete sequestration of potassium. Equimolar reactions with 18-crown-6 result in the corresponding monomeric potassium alumanyl, [{SiNDipp }Al-K(18-cr-6)], which provides a rare example of a direct Al-K contact. In contrast, complete encapsulation of the potassium cation of [{SiNDipp }AlK]2 , either by an excess of 18-cr-6 or 2,2,2-cryptand, allows the respective isolation of bright orange charge-separated species comprising the 'free' [{SiNDipp }Al]- alumanyl anion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on this moiety indicate HOMO-LUMO energy gaps in the of order 200-250 kJ mol-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schwamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Han-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nasir A Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Kumar A, Kisan HK, Huynh HV. Reactivity Studies and Electronic Properties of an N-Arylated Acyclic Amino Carbene. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Hemanta K. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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9
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Münzer JE, Sieg GH, Vehlies R, Fuzon PA, Xie X, Neumüller B, Kuzu I. Cationic group 1 carbodiphosphorane complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Röther A, Kretschmer R. Syntheses of Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)s and their application in main-group chemistry. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Le Coz E, Zhang Z, Roisnel T, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Barium‐Catalysed Dehydrocoupling of Hydrosilanes and Borinic Acids: A Mechanistic Insight. Chemistry 2020; 26:3535-3544. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Le Coz
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)–UMR 6226Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKaust Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)–UMR 6226Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKaust Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKaust Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yann Sarazin
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)–UMR 6226Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
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12
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Sau SC, Hota PK, Mandal SK, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Stable abnormal N-heterocyclic carbenes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1233-1252. [PMID: 31998907 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00866g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been known as ligands for organometallic complexes since the 1960s, these carbenes did not attract considerable attention until Arduengo et al. reported the isolation of a metal-free imidazol-2-ylidene in 1991. In 2001 Crabtree et al. reported a few complexes featuring an NHC isomer, namely an imidazol-5-ylidene, also termed abnormal NHC (aNHCs). In 2009, it was shown that providing to protect the C-2 position of an imidazolium salt, the deprotonation occurred at the C-5 position, affording imidazol-5-ylidenes that could be isolated. Over the last ten years, stable aNHCs have been used for designing a range of catalysts employing Pd(ii), Cu(i), Ni(ii), Fe(0), Zn(ii), Ag(i), and Au(i/iii) metal based precursors. These catalysts were utilized for different organic transformations such as the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, C-H bond activation, dehydrogenative coupling, Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click reaction), hydroheteroarylation, hydrosilylation reaction and migratory insertion of carbenes. Main-group metal complexes were also synthesized, including K(i), Al(iii), Zn(ii), Sn(ii), Ge(ii), and Si(ii/iv). Among them, K(i), Al(iii), and Zn(ii) complexes were used for the polymerization of caprolactone and rac-lactide at room temperature. In addition, based on the superior nucleophilicity of aNHCs, relative to that of their nNHCs isomers, they were used for small molecules activation, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydrothiophene and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9BBN). aNHCs have also been shown to be efficient metal-free catalysts for ring opening polymerization of different cyclic esters at room temperature; they are among the most active metal-free catalysts for ε-caprolactone polymerization. Recently, aNHCs successfully accomplished the metal-free catalytic formylation of amides using CO2 and the catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, including atmospheric CO2, into methanol, under ambient conditions. Although other transition metal complexes featuring aNHCs as ligand have been prepared and used in catalysis, this review article summarize the results obtained with the isolated aNHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Bhunia M, Sahoo SR, Das A, Ahmed J, P S, Mandal SK. Transition metal-free catalytic reduction of primary amides using an abnormal NHC based potassium complex: integrating nucleophilicity with Lewis acidic activation. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1848-1854. [PMID: 34123278 PMCID: PMC8148392 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) based potassium complex was used as a transition metal-free catalyst for reduction of primary amides to corresponding primary amines under ambient conditions. Only 2 mol% loading of the catalyst exhibits a broad substrate scope including aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic primary amides with excellent functional group tolerance. This method was applicable for reduction of chiral amides and utilized for the synthesis of pharmaceutically valuable precursors on a gram scale. During mechanistic investigation, several intermediates were isolated and characterized through spectroscopic techniques and one of the catalytic intermediates was characterized through single-crystal XRD. A well-defined catalyst and isolable intermediate along with several stoichiometric experiments, in situ NMR experiments and the DFT study helped us to sketch the mechanistic pathway for this reduction process unravelling the dual role of the catalyst involving nucleophilic activation by aNHC along with Lewis acidic activation by K ions. An abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) based potassium complex was used as a transition metal-free catalyst for reduction of primary amides to corresponding primary amines under ambient conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Sumeet Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
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A Computational and Structural Database Study of the Metal-Carbene Bond in Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA Imidazol-2-Ylidene Complexes. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5675870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazol-2-ylidenes are important N-heterocyclic carbenes which have become universal ligands in organometallic and coordination chemistry. Generally classified as σ-donor ligands, these compounds have been used to stabilize various metal complexes which hitherto were less stable in their catalytic processes. Herein, the number and distribution of group IA, group IIA, and group IIIA metal-imidazol-2-ylidene complexes retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) are assessed. The data showed that the mean M-Ccarbene bond length increases with increasing ionic size but is similar across each diagonal. Dominant factors such as Lewis acidity and electrostatic attractions were found to control the bonding modes of the respective ions. Generally, the metal ions show preference for tetrahedral coordination with larger cations forming complexes with higher coordination numbers. For their high number of entries (101), tetrahedrally coordinated boron complexes with various electron withdrawing and electron donating groups were studied computationally at the DFT/B3LYP level of theory. The strength of the B-Ccarbene bond was found to depend on steric interactions between bulky groups on the borenium atom and substituents on the N-positions of the imidazol-2-ylidene ligand. This observation was further confirmed by estimation of the binding energy, natural charge, and the electron distribution in the B-Ccarbene bond.
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Evans KJ, Campbell CL, Haddow MF, Luz C, Morton PA, Mansell SM. Lithium Complexes with Bridging and Terminal NHC Ligands: The Decisive Influence of an Anionic Tether. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Mairi F. Haddow
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Christian Luz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Paul A. Morton
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Stephen M. Mansell
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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17
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Evans KJ, Mansell SM. Synergic Deprotonation Generates Alkali-Metal Salts of Tethered Fluorenide-NHC Ligands Co-Complexed to Alkali-Metal Amides. Chemistry 2019; 25:3766-3769. [PMID: 30667554 PMCID: PMC6492165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synergic combinations of alkali-metal hydrocarbyl/amide reagents were used to synthesise saturated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands tethered to a fluorenide anion through deprotonation of a spirocyclic precursor, whereas conventional bases were not successful. The Li2 derivatives displayed a bridging amide between two Li atoms within the fluorenide-NHC pocket, whereas the Na2 and K2 analogues displayed extended solid-state structures with the fluorenide-NHC ligand chelating one alkali metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
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18
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Hernán-Gómez A, Uzelac M, Baillie SE, Armstrong DR, Kennedy AR, Fuentes MÁ, Hevia E. Molecular Manipulations of a Utility Nitrogen-Heterocyclic Carbene by Sodium Magnesiate Complexes and Transmetallation Chemistry with Gold Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:10541-10549. [PMID: 29750849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the scope and applications of anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), a novel series of magnesium NHC complexes is reported using a mixed sodium-magnesium approach. Sequential reactivity of classical imidazol- 2-ylidene carbene IPr with NaR and MgR2 (R=CH2 SiMe3 ) affords [(THF)3 Na(μ-IPr- )MgR2 (THF)] (2) [IPr- =:C{[N(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )]2 CHC] containing an anionic NHC ligand, whereas surprisingly sodium magnesiate [NaMgR3 ] fails to deprotonate IPr affording instead the redistribution coordination adduct [IPr2 Na2 MgR4 ] (1). Compound 2 undergoes selective C2-methylation when treated with MeOTf furnishing novel abnormal NHC complex [{aIPrMe MgR2 }2 ] (3). Dissolving 3 in THF led to the dissociation of this complex into MgR2 and aIPrMe with the latter isomerizing to the olefinic NHC IPr=CH2 . The ability of 2 and 3 to transfer their anionic and abnormal NHC ligands, respectively to AuI metal fragments has been investigated allowing the isolation and structural characterization of [RAu(μ-IPr- )MgR(THF)2 ] (4) and [aIPrMe AuR] (5) respectively. In both cases transfer of an alkyl R group is observed. However while 3 can also transfer its abnormal NHC ligand to give 5, in 4 the anionic NHC still remains coordinated to Mg via its C4 position, whereas the {AuR} fragment occupies the C2 position previously filled by a donor-solvated {Na(THF)3 }+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Sharon E Baillie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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19
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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20
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Flaig KS, Raible B, Mormul V, Denninger N, Maichle-Mössmer C, Kunz D. Generation of Annelated Dicarbenes and Their Alkali-Metal Chelate Complexes in Solution: Equilibrium between Hetero- and Homoleptic NHC Lithium Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim S. Flaig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Raible
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Verena Mormul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Denninger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Zhu M, Liu L, Zhang Y, Yu HT, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Selective Transformation of Well-Defined Alkenyllithiums to Alkenylmagnesiums via Transmetalation. Chemistry 2018; 24:3186-3191. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 P. R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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23
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Uzelac M, Hevia E. Polar organometallic strategies for regioselective C–H metallation of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2455-2462. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00049b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article focuses on the recent emergence of s-block metal-mediated N-heterocyclic carbene metallations and the new opportunities this methodology offers to access unique anionic NHC fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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24
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Garcia L, Anker MD, Mahon MF, Maron L, Hill MS. Coordination of arenes and phosphines by charge separated alkaline earth cations. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12684-12693. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Generation of ‘naked’ β-diketiminato magnesium and calcium cations allows the isolation of benzene, toluene, 1,4-difluorobenzene and terminal phosphine adducts.
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25
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Bhunia M, Vijaykumar G, Adhikari D, Mandal SK. Highly Active Carbene Potassium Complexes for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14459-14466. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Bhunia
- Department of Chemical
Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Gonela Vijaykumar
- Department of Chemical
Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical
Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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26
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Koch A, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Coordination behavior of bidentate bis(carbenes) at alkali metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amides. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9058-9067. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01538k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of LiN(SiMe3)2 from 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran yields the base-free tetramer. Strong carbenes monomerize the lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amides, whereas the heavier congeners from carbene-stabilized dimers [AN(SiMe3)2]2 with A = Na, K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
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27
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Ojeda-Amador AI, Martínez-Martínez AJ, Robertson GM, Robertson SD, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT. Exploring the solid state and solution structural chemistry of the utility amide potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6392-6403. [PMID: 28466908 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the important potassium amide KHMDS has been explored both in the solid state and in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Ojeda-Amador
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | - Gemma M. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Charles T. O'Hara
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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28
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Santoro O, Nahra F, Cordes DB, Slawin AM, Nolan SP, Cazin CS. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of stable [(NHC)H][ZnXY2] (NHC =N-Heterocyclic carbene, X, Y = Cl, Br) species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Fischer C, Klein W, Jantke LA, Schiegerl LJ, Fässler TF. Reaction of SiCl2·dipp with K[Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3] - Synthesis and Characterization of [K(dipp)2][Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3]·tol and [dipp-H][Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}3]·2acn [dipp = 1,3-Bis(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Laura-Alice Jantke
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Lorenz J. Schiegerl
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
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30
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hernán-Gómez A, Fuentes MÁ, Hevia E. Heavier Alkali-metal Gallates as Platforms for Accessing Functionalized Abnormal NHC Carbene-Gallium Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - M. Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
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31
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Müller C, Krieck S, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Synthesis of Lewis Base Adducts of Barium Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Müller
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
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32
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Neufeld R, Michel R, Herbst-Irmer R, Schöne R, Stalke D. Introducing a Hydrogen-Bond Donor into a Weakly Nucleophilic Brønsted Base: Alkali Metal Hexamethyldisilazides (MHMDS, M=Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) with Ammonia. Chemistry 2016; 22:12340-6. [PMID: 27457218 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide (MHMDSs) are one of the most utilised weakly nucleophilic Brønsted bases in synthetic chemistry and especially in natural product synthesis. Like lithium organics, they aggregate depending on the employed donor solvents. Thus, they show different reactivity and selectivity as a function of their aggregation and solvation state. To date, monomeric LiHMDS with monodentate donor bases was only characterised in solution. Since the first preparation of LiHMDS in 1959 by Wannagat and Niederprüm, all efforts to crystallise monomeric LiHMDS in the absence of chelating ligands failed. Herein, we present ammonia adducts of LiHMDS, NaHMDS, KHMDS, RbHMDS and CsHMDS with unprecedented aggregation motifs: 1) The hitherto missing monomeric key compound in the LiHMDS aggregation architectures. Monomeric crystal structures of trisolvated LiHMDS (1) and NaHMDS (2), showing unique intermolecular hydrogen bonds, 2) the unprecedented tetrasolvated KHMDS (3) and RbHMDS (4) dimers and 3) the disolvated CsHMDS (5) dimer with very close intermolecular Si-CH3 ⋅⋅⋅Cs s-block "agostic" interactions have been prepared and characterised by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Neufeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reent Michel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schöne
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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33
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Kalden D, Oberheide A, Loh C, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Surprisingly Different Reaction Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Bis(trimethylsilyl)amides toward Bulky N
-(2-Pyridylethyl)-N′
-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)pivalamidine. Chemistry 2016; 22:10944-59. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kalden
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University; Humboldstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ansgar Oberheide
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University; Humboldstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Claas Loh
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University; Humboldstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University; Humboldstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University; Humboldstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University; Humboldstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
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34
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Francos J, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT. Synthetic and reactivity studies of hetero-tri-anionic sodium zincates. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6222-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The blue, red and green spheres represent three different anions present within a series of novel hetero-trianionic sodium zincates. The syntheses and structures of the complexes are reported as well as their reactivities with important organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Francos
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Charles T. O'Hara
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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35
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Yuan C, Wu YB, Wang X. N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized homoatomic lithium(0) complexes with a lithium–lithium covalent bond: A theoretical design and characterization. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Martínez-Martínez A, O’Hara C. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Magnesiate Chemistry. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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37
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38
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Maddock LCH, Cadenbach T, Kennedy AR, Borilovic I, Aromí G, Hevia E. Accessing Sodium Ferrate Complexes Containing Neutral and Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Structural, Synthetic, and Magnetic Insights. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9201-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. H. Maddock
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Thomas Cadenbach
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Ivana Borilovic
- Departament
de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament
de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
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39
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Coles MP. The role of the bis-trimethylsilylamido ligand, [N{SiMe3}2]−, in main group chemistry. Part 1: Structural chemistry of the s-block elements. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Wan HD, Hong JQ. Crystal structure of di-μ-iodido-bis-{[1,3-bis-(2,6-diiso-propyl-phen-yl)imidazol-2-yl-idene]lithium}. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2015; 71:m137-8. [PMID: 26090170 PMCID: PMC4459370 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015009822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title binuclear complex, [Li2(C27H36N2)2I2], the unique LiI cation is coordinated by two iodide anions and one ylidene C atom from a 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene ligand in a distorted trigonal–planar geometry. The two symmetry-related iodide anions bridge two LiI cations, forming an inversion dimer in which the Li2I2 plane is nearly perpendicular to the imidazol-2-ylidene ring, with a dihedral angle of 85.5 (3)°. No hydrogen bonding is observed in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Da Wan
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Quan Hong
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China
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41
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Lipschutz MI, Chantarojsiri T, Dong Y, Tilley TD. Synthesis, Characterization, and Alkyne Trimerization Catalysis of a Heteroleptic Two-Coordinate FeI Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6366-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Lipschutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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42
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Brendel M, Wenz J, Shishkov IV, Rominger F, Hofmann P. Lithium Complexes of Neutral Bis-NHC Ligands. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501229b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Wenz
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor V. Shishkov
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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BAISHYA ASHIM, MUNDLAPATI VRAO, NEMBENNA SHARANAPPA, BISWAL HIMANSUS. Structure, bonding and energetics of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized low oxidation state group 2 (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) metal complexes: A theoretical study. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Abstract
The first examples of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands bound to electropositive metal centres (K, Mg, Sr and Ba) have been isolated and characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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45
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Catalytic C–N bond formation in guanylation reaction by N-heterocyclic carbene supported magnesium(II) and zinc(II) amide complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Group 1 and 2 and early transition metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: coordination chemistry, reactivity, and applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8747-74. [PMID: 25144918 DOI: 10.1021/cr500227y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- IPCMS (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
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47
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König SN, Schneider D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Day BM, Layfield RA, Anwander R. Divalent Transition Metal Silylamide Ate Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Francos J, Fleming BJ, García-Álvarez P, Kennedy AR, Reilly K, Robertson GM, Robertson SD, O'Hara CT. Complexity in seemingly simple sodium magnesiate systems. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14424-31. [PMID: 24985749 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Francos
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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49
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Bezuidenhout DI, Kleinhans G, Guisado-Barrios G, Liles DC, Ung G, Bertrand G. Isolation of a potassium bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)carbazolide: a stabilizing pincer ligand for reactive late transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2431-3. [PMID: 24448261 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49385g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a potassium adduct of a monoanionic CNC-pincer ligand featuring two mesoionic carbenes is reported. Owing to the peculiar electronic and steric properties of this ligand, the first neutral stable Ni(II)-hydride, and an unusual Cu(II) complex displaying a seesaw geometry, have been isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
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50
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Phillips N, Tirfoin R, Aldridge S. Anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs): a versatile route to saturated NHCs bearing pendant weakly coordinating anions. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:15279-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A versatile methodology is reported for the synthesis of anionic NHCs featuring a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Phillips
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford, UK
| | - Rémi Tirfoin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford, UK
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