1
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Zhao L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang J, He C, Zhao L, Duan C. Isolation of a copper photocatalyst on a metal-organic cage for the sulfonylation of aryl halides resulting from visible-light-mediated C(sp 2)-S cross-coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6805-6808. [PMID: 38869490 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A Ce-based metal-organic tetrahedron was assembled for preserving the uncoordinated nature of 2,2'-bipyridyl groups to form a Cu-based photocatalyst, which protected CuI centers from intermolecular deactivation and showed high photocatalytic activity for the visible-light-mediated C(sp²)-S cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Huali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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2
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Xie ZL, Gupta N, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Lynch VM, Glusac KD, Mulfort KL. Photochemical charge accumulation in a heteroleptic copper(i)-anthraquinone molecular dyad via proton-coupled electron transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10219-10235. [PMID: 37772110 PMCID: PMC10529959 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient photocatalysts that perform multi electron redox reactions is critical to achieving solar energy conversion. One can reach this goal by developing systems which mimic natural photosynthesis and exploit strategies such as proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) to achieve photochemical charge accumulation. We report herein a heteroleptic Cu(i)bis(phenanthroline) complex, Cu-AnQ, featuring a fused phenazine-anthraquinone moiety that photochemically accumulates two electrons in the anthraquinone unit via PCET. Full spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses allowed us to identify the reduced species and revealed that up to three electrons can be accumulated in the phenazine-anthraquinone ring system under electrochemical conditions. Continuous photolysis of Cu-AnQ in the presence of sacrificial electron donor produced doubly reduced monoprotonated photoproduct confirmed unambiguously by X-ray crystallography. Formation of this photoproduct indicates that a PCET process occurred during illumination and two electrons were accumulated in the system. The role of the heteroleptic Cu(i)bis(phenanthroline) moiety participating in the photochemical charge accumulation as a light absorber was evidenced by comparing the photolysis of Cu-AnQ and the free AnQ ligand with less reductive triethylamine as a sacrificial electron donor, in which photogenerated doubly reduced species was observed with Cu-AnQ, but not with the free ligand. The thermodynamic properties of Cu-AnQ were examined by DFT which mapped the probable reaction pathway for photochemical charge accumulation and the capacity for solar energy stored in the process. This study presents a unique system built on earth-abundant transition metal complex to store electrons, and tune the storage of solar energy by the degree of protonation of the electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| | - Jens Niklas
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
| | | | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory USA
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3
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Wang L, Xie ZL, Li X, Lynch VM, Mulfort KL. Optical detection of alcohols with a Cu(I)HETPHEN complex by reversible aldehyde to hemiacetal conversion. Analyst 2023; 148:4274-4278. [PMID: 37615298 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A heteroleptic copper(I) bis(phenanthroline) complex with aldehyde groups at the 4,7 positions of the phenanthroline ligand was synthesized. The complex is responsive to alcohol, resulting in a distinct colour change caused by the facile reaction of the aldehyde group with alcohol, forming a hemiacetal product. The aldehyde species can be regenerated after heating the intermediate at 80 °C for 10 minutes, demonstrating the reusability of the complex for alcohol detection. This work presents a new strategy for applying transition metal complexes in small molecule sensing by installing functional groups in the secondary coordination sphere which reversibly react with analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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4
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Wang L, Xie ZL, Phelan BT, Lynch VM, Chen LX, Mulfort KL. Changing Directions: Influence of Ligand Electronics on the Directionality and Kinetics of Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Cu(I)Diimine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14368-14376. [PMID: 37620247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge to the effective utilization of solar energy is to promote efficient photoinduced charge transfer, specifically avoiding unproductive, circuitous electron-transfer pathways and optimizing the kinetics of charge separation and recombination. We hypothesize that one way to address this challenge is to develop a fundamental understanding of how to initiate and control directional photoinduced charge transfer, particularly for earth-abundant first-row transition-metal coordination complexes, which typically suffer from relatively short excited-state lifetimes. Here, we report a series of functionalized heteroleptic copper(I)bis(phenanthroline) complexes, which have allowed us to investigate the directionality of intramolecular photoinduced metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) as a function of the substituent Hammett parameter. Ultrafast transient absorption suggests a complicated interplay of MLCT localization and solvent interaction with the Cu(II) center of the MLCT state. This work provides a set of design principles for directional charge transfer in earth-abundant complexes and can be used to efficiently design pathways for connecting the molecular modules to catalysts or electrodes and integration into systems for light-driven catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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5
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Kim K, Wagner P, Wagner K, Mozer AJ. Effect of the Cu 2+/1+ Redox Potential of Non-Macrocyclic Cu Complexes on Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. Molecules 2023; 28:5179. [PMID: 37446840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu2+/1+ complexes facilitate the reduction of CO2 to valuable chemicals. The catalytic conversion likely involves the binding of CO2 and/or reduction intermediates to Cu2+/1+, which in turn could be influenced by the electron density on the Cu2+/1+ ion. Herein we investigated whether modulating the redox potential of Cu2+/1+ complexes by changing their ligand structures influenced their CO2 reduction performance significantly. We synthesised new heteroleptic Cu2/1+ complexes, and for the first time, studied a (Cu-bis(8-quinolinolato) complex, covering a Cu2+/1+ redox potential range of 1.3 V. We have found that the redox potential influenced the Faradaic efficiency of CO2 reduction to CO. However, no correlation between the redox potential and the Faradaic efficiency for methane was found. The lack of correlation could be attributed to the presence of a Cu-complex-derived catalyst deposited on the electrodes leading to a heterogeneous catalytic mechanism, which is controlled by the structure of the in situ deposited catalyst and not the redox potential of the pre-cursor Cu2+/1+ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuman Kim
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Pawel Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Attila J Mozer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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6
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Liu X, Hayes D, Chen LX, Li X. Bridge-Mediated Metal-to-Metal Electron and Hole Transfer in a Supermolecular Dinuclear Complex: A Computational Study Using Quantum Electron-Nuclear Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1831-1838. [PMID: 36800527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic electron donor-acceptor complexes can facilitate electron and energy transfer with excellent structural control through synthetic design. In this work, we investigate the photochemical dynamics in a Ru-Cu bimetallic complex after photoexcitation of the Ru-centered charge transfer state. The physical underpinnings of the metal-to-metal directional charge transfer process are unraveled via analyses of the quantum electronic dynamics and electron-nuclear trajectories. The effects of molecular vibrations in the photoexcited state on the charge transfer processes are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dugan Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Cáceres-Vásquez J, Jara DH, Costamagna J, Martínez-Gómez F, Silva CP, Lemus L, Freire E, Baggio R, Vera C, Guerrero J. Effect of non-covalent self-dimerization on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of mixed Cu(i) complexes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:825-838. [PMID: 36686905 PMCID: PMC9810106 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of six new Cu(i) complexes with ([Cu(N-{4-R}pyridine-2-yl-methanimine)(PPh3)Br]) formulation, where R corresponds to a donor or acceptor p-substituent, have been synthesized and were used to study self-association effects on their structural and electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction results showed that in all complexes the packing is organized from a dimer generated by supramolecular π stacking and hydrogen bonding. 1H-NMR experiments at several concentrations showed that all complexes undergo a fast-self-association monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution, while changes in resonance frequency towards the high or low field in specific protons of the imine ligand allow establishing that dimers have similar structures to those found in the crystal. The thermodynamic parameters for this self-association process were calculated from dimerization constants determined by VT-1H-NMR experiments for several concentrations at different temperatures. The values for K D (4.0 to 70.0 M-1 range), ΔH (-1.4 to -2.6 kcal mol-1 range), ΔS (-0.2 to 2.1 cal mol-1 K-1 range), and ΔG 298 (-0.8 to -2.0 kcal mol-1 range) are of the same order and indicate that the self-dimerization process is enthalpically driven for all complexes. The electrochemical profile of the complexes shows two redox Cu(ii)/Cu(i) processes whose relative intensities are sensitive to concentration changes, indicating that both species are in chemical equilibrium, with the monomer and the dimer having different electrochemical characteristics. We associate this behaviour with the structural lability of the Cu(i) centre that allows the monomeric molecules to reorder conformationally to achieve a more adequate assembly in the non-covalent dimer. As expected, structural properties in the solid and in solution, as well as their electrochemical properties, are not correlated with the electronic parameters usually used to evaluate R substituent effects. This confirms that the properties of the Cu(i) complexes are usually more influenced by steric effects than by the inductive effects of substituents of the ligands. In fact, the results obtained showed the importance of non-covalent intermolecular interactions in the structuring of the coordination geometry around the Cu centre and in the coordinative stability to avoid dissociative equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Cáceres-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Danilo H. Jara
- Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezAv. Padre Hurtado 750Viña del MarChile
| | - Juan Costamagna
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Fabián Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Carlos P. Silva
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Luis Lemus
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Eleonora Freire
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaAvenida Gral. Paz 1499, 1650, San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina,Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina and Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaBuenos AiresArgentina,Member of CONICETArgentina
| | - Ricardo Baggio
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaAvenida Gral. Paz 1499, 1650, San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Cristian Vera
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
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8
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Substituent effect on the photoinduced geometrical changes of Cu (I)Phen 2 complexes. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Beaudelot J, Oger S, Peruško S, Phan TA, Teunens T, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16365-16609. [PMID: 36350324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported to date, photoactive copper(I) complexes have been shown to be especially attractive, not only as alternative to noble metal complexes, and have been extensively studied and utilized recently. They are at the core of this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of mononuclear copper(I) complexes, typical examples highlighting the most critical structural parameters and their impact on the properties being presented to enlighten future design of photoactive copper(I) complexes. The second section is devoted to their main areas of application (photoredox catalysis of organic reactions and polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction of carbon dioxide and dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art and showcasing how some limitations of photoactive copper(I) complexes can be overcome with their high versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Oger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Peruško
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tuan-Anh Phan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Potocny AM, Phelan BT, Sprague-Klein EA, Mara MW, Tiede DM, Chen LX, Mulfort KL. Harnessing Intermolecular Interactions to Promote Long-Lived Photoinduced Charge Separation from Copper Phenanthroline Chromophores. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19119-19133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Potocny
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Emily A. Sprague-Klein
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Michael W. Mara
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - David M. Tiede
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Karen L. Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
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11
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Mishra R, Jain K, Sharma VP, Kishor S, Ramaniah LM. Heteroleptic Cu(I) bis-diimine complexes as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): on some factors affecting intramolecular charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17217-17232. [PMID: 35793081 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01880b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of eight heteroleptic bis-diimine copper dye complexes with two different ancillary ligands (functionalised 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) and functionalised 6,6'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dpbpy)) are investigated for their potential use as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), using first principles density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT (TDDFT). A detailed analysis of the structural properties, projected density of electronic states and Kohn-Sham energy levels, and optical absorption spectra in the UV-visible region reveals that substituting the thiophene group in the ancillary ligand, and enhancing conjugation in the anchoring ligand, lead to increase in the light harvesting efficiency (LHE). However, a natural transition orbital (NTO) analysis, shows that the nature of charge transfer depends mainly on the nature of the parent ancillary group and is not significantly affected by the structural modifications. Importantly, the lower energy excitations lead to favourable mixed metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand to ligand charge transfer (LLCT), as well as good electron injection. The best charge transfer directionality is found in the dmp-based dyes, particularly thiophene substituted dyes, thus making these the more effective sensitizers in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, U.P.-250001, India
| | - Kalpna Jain
- Department of Physics, Digambar Jain College, Baraut, U.P.-250611, India
| | | | - Shyam Kishor
- Department of Chemistry, Janta Vedic College, Baraut, U.P.-250611, India.
| | - Lavanya M Ramaniah
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Divison, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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12
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Gimeno L, Queffelec C, Blart E, Pellegrin Y. Copper(I) Bis(diimine) Complexes with High Photooxidation Power: Reductive Quenching of the Excited State with a Benzimidazoline Sacrificial Donor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13112-13119. [PMID: 35474762 PMCID: PMC9026092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reductive quenching of photoexcited photosensitizers is a very efficient way to achieve challenging reduction reactions. In this process, the excited photosensitizer is reduced by a sacrificial electron donor. This mechanism is rarely observed with copper(I) bis(diimine) complexes, which are nevertheless acknowledged as very promising photosensitizers. This is due to the fact that they are very poor photooxidants and prove unable to react with common donors once promoted in their excited state. In this article, we evidence the rare reductive quenching cycle with two specially designed copper(I) complexes. These complexes exhibit improved photooxidation power thanks to an optimized coordination sphere made of strongly π-accepting ligands. Reductive quenching of the excited state of the latter complexes with a classical benzimidazoline sacrificial donor is monitored, and reduced complexes are accumulated during prolonged photolysis. Trials to utilize the photogenerated reductive power are presented.
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13
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Santander-Nelli M, Cortés-Arriagada D, Sanhueza L, Dreyse P. Dependence between luminescence properties of Cu( i) complexes and electronic/structural parameters derived from steric effects. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00407k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of steric effects induced by bulky N^N ligands and their relationship with the luminescence properties of Cu(i) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Santander-Nelli
- Advanced Integrated Technologies (AINTECH), Chorrillo Uno, Parcela 21, Lampa, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación. Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso, 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - Luis Sanhueza
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados (BioMA), Universidad Católica de Temuco, Av. Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paulina Dreyse
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avda. España 1680, Casilla 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
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14
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Zhao B, Pashley-Johnson F, Jones BA, Wilson P. Aqueous electrochemically-triggered atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5741-5749. [PMID: 35694359 PMCID: PMC9116290 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01832b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simplified electrochemical atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) using CuII–N-propyl pyridineimine complexes (CuII(NPPI)2) is reported for the first time. In aqueous solution, using oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA), standard electrolysis conditions yield POEGMA with good control over molecular weight distribution (Đm < 1.35). Interestingly, the polymerizations are not under complete electrochemical control, as monomer conversion continues when electrolysis is halted. Alternatively, it is shown that the extent and rate of polymerization depends upon an initial period of electrolysis. Thus, it is proposed that seATRP using CuII(NPPI)2 follows an electrochemically-triggered, rather than electrochemically mediated, ATRP mechanism, which distinguishes them from other CuIIL complexes that have been previously reported in the literature. Simplified electrochemical atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) using CuII-pyridineimine complexes is reported and follows a previously unreported electrochemically triggered mechanism.![]()
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15
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Peppas A, Sokalis D, Perganti D, Schnakenburg G, Falaras P, Philippopoulos A. Sterically demanding pyridine-quinoline anchoring ligands as building blocks for copper(I)-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15049-15066. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pfitzinger condensation reaction was employed to synthesise N^N sterically demanding ligands bearing carboxylic acid anchoring groups, namely 2,2΄-pyridyl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid (pqca); 6'-methyl-2,2΄-pyridyl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid (6'-Mepqca); 8-methyl-2,2΄-pyridyl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid (8-Mepqca) and 8,6'-dimethyl-2,2΄-pyridyl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid...
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16
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Ross DAW, Mapley JI, Cording AP, Vasdev RAS, McAdam CJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. 6,6'-Ditriphenylamine-2,2'-bipyridine: Coordination Chemistry and Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11852-11865. [PMID: 34311548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 2,2'-bipyridine with bulky triphenylamine substituents in the 6 and 6' positions of the ligand (6,6'-ditriphenylamine-2,2'-bipyridine, 6,6'-diTPAbpy) was generated. Despite the steric bulk, the ligand readily formed bis(homoleptic) complexes with copper(I) and silver(I) ions. Unfortunately, efforts to use the 6,6'-diTPAbpy system to generate heteroleptic [Cu(6,6'-diTPAbpy)(bpy)]+ complexes were unsuccessful with only the [Cu(6,6'-diTPAbpy)2](PF6) complex observed. The 6,6'-diTPAbpy ligand could also be reacted with 6-coordinate metal ions that featured small ancillary ligands, namely, the [Re(CO)3Cl] and [Ru(CO)2Cl2] fragments. While the complexes could be formed in good yields, the steric bulk of the TPA units does alter the coordination geometry. This is most readily seen in the [(6,6'-diTPAbpy)Re(CO)3Cl] complex where the Re(I) ion is forced to sit 23° out of the plane formed by the bpy unit. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the family of compounds were also examined. 6,6'-diTPAbpy exhibits a strong ILCT absorption band (356 nm, 50 mM-1 cm-1) which displays a small increase in intensity for the homoleptic complexes ([Cu(6,6'-diTPAbpy)2]+; 353 nm, 72 mM-1 cm-1, [Ag(6,6'-diTPAbpy)2]+; 353 nm, 75 mM-1 cm-1), despite containing 2 equiv of the ligand, attributed to an increased dihedral angle between the TPA and bpy moieties. For the 6-coordinate complexes the ILCT band is further decreased in intensity and overlaps with MLCT bands, consistent with a further increased TPA-bpy dihedral angle. Emission from the 1ILCT state is observed at 436 nm (τ = 4.4 ns) for 6,6'-diTPAbpy and does not shift for the Cu, Ag, and Re complexes, although an additional 3MLCT emission is observed for [Re(6,6'-diTPAbpy)(CO)3Cl] (640 nm, τ = 13.8 ns). No emission was observed for [Ru(6,6'-diTPAbpy)(CO)2Cl2]. Transient absorption measurements revealed the population of a 3ILCT state for the Cu and Ag complexes (τ = 80 ns). All assignments were supported by TD-DFT calculations and resonance Raman spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A W Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Joseph I Mapley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Cording
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Roan A S Vasdev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - C John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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17
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Tomás FM, Peyrot AM, Fagalde F. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and theoretical studies of polypyridine homoleptic Cu (I) complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Schmittel M, Howlader P. Toward Molecular Cybernetics - the Art of Communicating Chemical Systems. CHEM REC 2020; 21:523-543. [PMID: 33350570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of molecular cybernetics has the potential to widely broaden our perception of chemistry. Chemistry will develop beyond its current focus that is mainly concerned with single transformations, pure compounds, and/or defined mixtures. On this way, chemistry will become autonomous, networked and smart through communicating molecules each of which serves a control engineering purpose, like the set of wheels in the machinery of life. The present personal account describes our latest developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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19
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Xu Z, Lu X, Li Y, Wei S. Theoretical Analysis on Heteroleptic Cu(I)-Based Complexes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Effect of Anchors on Electronic Structure, Spectrum, Excitation, and Intramolecular and Interfacial Electron Transfer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163681. [PMID: 32806759 PMCID: PMC7465775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two groups of heteroleptic Cu(I)-based dyes were designed and theoretically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods. Different anchors were integrated into the dye skeleton to shed light on how the type of anchor influenced the electronic structure, absorption spectrum, electron excitation, and intramolecular and interfacial electron transfer of dyes. The results indicated that, compared with other dyes, the dyes with cyanoacrylic acid and nitric acid exhibited more appropriate electron distributions in frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), lower HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) -LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy gaps, broader absorption spectral ranges as well as improved spectral characteristics in the near-infrared region and better intramolecular electron transfer (IET) characteristics with more electrons transferred to longer distances, but smaller orbital overlap. Among all the studied Cu(I)-based dyes, B1 and P1 (with cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group) exhibited the best interface electronic structure parameters with a relatively short electron injection time (τinj) and large dipole moment (μnormal), which would have a positive effect on the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc), resulting in high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Our findings are expected to provide a new insight into the designing and screening of high-performance dyes for DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-532-8698-3376 (Z.X.); +86-532-8698-3415 (X.L.); +86-532-8698-3410 (S.W.)
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-532-8698-3376 (Z.X.); +86-532-8698-3415 (X.L.); +86-532-8698-3410 (S.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;
| | - Shuxian Wei
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-532-8698-3376 (Z.X.); +86-532-8698-3415 (X.L.); +86-532-8698-3410 (S.W.)
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20
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Sampson J, Choi G, Akhtar MN, Jaseer E, Theravalappil R, Garcia N, Agapie T. Early Metal Di(pyridyl) Pyrrolide Complexes with Second Coordination Sphere Arene-π Interactions: Ligand Binding and Ethylene Polymerization. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15879-15892. [PMID: 31592458 PMCID: PMC6776977 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early metal complexes supported by hemilabile, monoanionic di(pyridyl) pyrrolide ligands substituted with mesityl and anthracenyl groups were synthesized to probe the possibility of second coordination sphere arene-π interactions with ligands with potential for allosteric control in coordination chemistry, substrate activation, and olefin polymerization. Yttrium alkyl, indolide, and amide complexes were prepared and structurally characterized; close contacts between the anthracenyl substituents and Y-bound ligands are observed in the solid state. Titanium, zirconium, and hafnium tris(dimethylamido) complexes were synthesized, and their ethylene polymerization activity was tested. In the solid state structure of one of the Ti tris(dimethylamido) complexes, coordination of Ti to only one of the pyridine donors is observed pointing to the hemilabile character of the di(pyridyl) pyrrolide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sampson
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gyeongshin Choi
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Muhammed Naseem Akhtar
- Center
for Refining and Petrochemicals, King Fahd
University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - E.A. Jaseer
- Center
for Refining and Petrochemicals, King Fahd
University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Theravalappil
- Center
for Refining and Petrochemicals, King Fahd
University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nestor Garcia
- Center
for Refining and Petrochemicals, King Fahd
University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- E-mail:
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21
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Peppas A, Papadaki E, Schnakenburg G, Magrioti V, Philippopoulos AI. Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes incorporating sterically demanding diazabutadiene ligands (DABs). Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and solid state structural analysis. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Mapley JI, Ross DAW, McAdam CJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Triphenylamine-substituted 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole copper(I) complexes: an experimental and computational investigation. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1593388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I. Mapley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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23
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Roy S, Sarkar SK, Saha R, Mondal TK, Sinha C. Cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of N-{(2-pyridyl)methyliden}-6-coumarin: Characterization, DNA interaction, catecholase activity and theoretical interpretation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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McCullough BJ, Neyhouse BJ, Schrage BR, Reed DT, Osinski AJ, Ziegler CJ, White TA. Visible-Light-Driven Photosystems Using Heteroleptic Cu(I) Photosensitizers and Rh(III) Catalysts To Produce H 2. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2865-2875. [PMID: 29446925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new heteroleptic Cu(I) photosensitizers (PS), [Cu(Xantphos)(NN)]PF6 (NN = biq = 2,2'-biquinoline, dmebiq = 2,2'-biquinoline-4,4'-dimethyl ester; Xantphos = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene), along with the associated structural, photophysical, and electrochemical properties, are described. The biquinoline diimine ligand extends the PS light absorbing properties into the visible with a maximum absorption at 455 and 505 nm for NN = biq and dmebiq, respectively, in CH2Cl2 solvent. Following photoexcitation, both Cu(I) PS are emissive at low energy, albeit displaying stark differences in their excited state lifetimes (τMLCT = 410 ± 5 (biq) and 44 ± 4 ns (dmebiq)). Cyclic voltammetry indicates a Cu-based HOMO and NN-based LUMO for both complexes, whereby the methyl ester substituents stabilize the LUMO within [Cu(Xantphos)(dmebiq)]+ by ∼0.37 V compared to the unsubstituted analogue. When combined with H2O, N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) electron donor, and cis-[Rh(NN)2Cl2]PF6 (NN = Me2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dmebpy = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dimethyl ester) water reduction catalysts (WRC), photocatalytic H2 evolution is only observed using the [Cu(Xantphos)(biq)]+ PS. Furthermore, the choice of cis-[Rh(NN)2Cl2]+ WRC strongly affects the catalytic activity with turnover numbers (TONRh = mol H2 per mol Rh catalyst) of 25 ± 3, 22 ± 1, and 43 ± 3 for NN = Me2bpy, bpy, and dmebpy, respectively. This work illustrates how ligand modification to carefully tune the PS light absorbing, excited state, and redox-active properties, along with the WRC redox potentials, can have a profound impact on the photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer between components and the subsequent catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J McCullough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories , Ohio University , Athens , Ohio 45701 , United States
| | - Bertrand J Neyhouse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories , Ohio University , Athens , Ohio 45701 , United States
| | - Briana R Schrage
- Department of Chemistry, Knight Chemical Laboratory , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Demi T Reed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories , Ohio University , Athens , Ohio 45701 , United States
| | - Allen J Osinski
- Department of Chemistry, Knight Chemical Laboratory , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, Knight Chemical Laboratory , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Travis A White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories , Ohio University , Athens , Ohio 45701 , United States
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25
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Garakyaraghi S, McCusker CE, Khan S, Koutnik P, Bui AT, Castellano FN. Enhancing the Visible-Light Absorption and Excited-State Properties of Cu(I) MLCT Excited States. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2296-2307. [PMID: 29393633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A computationally inspired Cu(I) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) chromophore, [Cu(sbmpep)2]+ (sbmpep = 2,9-di(sec-butyl)-3,8-dimethyl-4,7-di(phenylethynyl)-1,10-phenanthroline), was synthesized in seven total steps, prepared from either dichloro- or dibromophenanthroline precursors. Complete synthesis, structural characterization, and electrochemistry, in addition to static and dynamic photophysical properties of [Cu(sbmpep)2]+, are reported on all relevant time scales. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy revealed significant increases in oscillator strength along with a concomitant bathochromic shift in the MLCT absorption bands with respect to structurally related model complexes (ε = 16 500 M-1 cm-1 at 491 nm). Strong red photoluminescence (Φ = 2.7%, λmax = 687 nm) was observed from [Cu(sbmpep)2]+, which featured an average excited-state lifetime of 1.4 μs in deaerated dichloromethane. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry revealed ∼300 mV positive shifts in the measured one-electron reversible reduction and oxidation waves in relation to a Cu(I) model complex possessing identical structural elements without the π-conjugated 4,7-substituents. The excited-state redox potential of [Cu(sbmpep)2]+ was estimated to be -1.36 V, a notably powerful reductant for driving photoredox chemistry. The combination of conventional and ultrafast transient absorption and luminescence spectroscopy successfully map the excited-state dynamics of [Cu(sbmpep)2]+ from initial photoexcitation to the formation of the lowest-energy MLCT excited state and ultimately its relaxation to the ground state. This newly conceived molecule appears poised for photosensitization reactions involving energy and electron-transfer processes relevant to photochemical upconversion, photoredox catalysis, and solar fuels photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Garakyaraghi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Catherine E McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Petr Koutnik
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Anh Thy Bui
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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26
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Hayes D, Kohler L, Hadt RG, Zhang X, Liu C, Mulfort KL, Chen LX. Excited state electron and energy relays in supramolecular dinuclear complexes revealed by ultrafast optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:860-875. [PMID: 29629153 PMCID: PMC5873173 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of photoinduced electron and energy transfer in a family of tetrapyridophenazine-bridged heteroleptic homo- and heterodinuclear copper(i) bis(phenanthroline)/ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes were studied using ultrafast optical and multi-edge X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies. This work combines the synthesis of heterodinuclear Cu(i)-Ru(ii) analogs of the homodinuclear Cu(i)-Cu(i) targets with spectroscopic analysis and electronic structure calculations to first disentangle the dynamics at individual metal sites by taking advantage of the element and site specificity of X-ray absorption and theoretical methods. The excited state dynamical models developed for the heterodinuclear complexes are then applied to model the more challenging homodinuclear complexes. These results suggest that both intermetallic charge and energy transfer can be observed in an asymmetric dinuclear copper complex in which the ground state redox potentials of the copper sites are offset by only 310 meV. We also demonstrate the ability of several of these complexes to effectively and unidirectionally shuttle energy between different metal centers, a property that could be of great use in the design of broadly absorbing and multifunctional multimetallic photocatalysts. This work provides an important step toward developing both a fundamental conceptual picture and a practical experimental handle with which synthetic chemists, spectroscopists, and theoreticians may collaborate to engineer cheap and efficient photocatalytic materials capable of performing coulombically demanding chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugan Hayes
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lars Kohler
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
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27
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Kohler L, Hayes D, Hong J, Carter TJ, Shelby ML, Fransted KA, Chen LX, Mulfort KL. Synthesis, structure, ultrafast kinetics, and light-induced dynamics of CuHETPHEN chromophores. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:9871-83. [PMID: 26924711 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five heteroleptic Cu(i)bis(phenanthroline) chromophores with distinct variation in the steric bulk at the 2,9-phenanthroline position were synthesized using the HETPHEN method, and their ground and excited state properties are described. Analysis of the crystal structures reveals a significant distortion from tetrahedral geometry around the Cu(i) centre which is attributed to favourable aromatic interactions between the two phenanthroline ligands. Ultrafast and nanosecond transient optical spectroscopies reveal that the excited state lifetime can be tuned across two orders of magnitude up to 74 nanoseconds in acetonitrile by changing the 2,9-substituent from hydrogen to sec-butyl. X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy at the Cu K-edge confirmed Cu(i) oxidation to Cu(ii) and revealed a decrease of the Cu-N bond lengths in the excited state. The ground and excited state characterization presented here will guide the integration of CuHETPHEN chromophores into complex electron donor-acceptor architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kohler
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Dugan Hayes
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Jiyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tyler J Carter
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Megan L Shelby
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kelly A Fransted
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Lin X Chen
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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Keller S, Prescimone A, Bolink H, Sessolo M, Longo G, Martínez-Sarti L, Junquera-Hernández JM, Constable EC, Ortí E, Housecroft CE. Luminescent copper(i) complexes with bisphosphane and halogen-substituted 2,2′-bipyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14263-14276. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting electrochemical cells with Cu(i) emitters with halo-substituted 2,2′-bipyridine ligands display orange electroluminescence and short turn-on times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keller
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | | | - Henk Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecula
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecula
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Giulia Longo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecula
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | | | | | | | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecula
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
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29
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From Self-Sorting of Dynamic Metal–Ligand Motifs to (Supra)Molecular Machinery in Action. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Zhang Y, Traber P, Zedler L, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Schulz M, Frey W, Karnahl M, Dietzek B. Cu(i) vs. Ru(ii) photosensitizers: elucidation of electron transfer processes within a series of structurally related complexes containing an extended π-system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24843-24857. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04595j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The charge transfer behavior of heteroleptic Cu(i) photosensitizers was investigated by spectroelectrochemistry and compared to their structurally related Ru(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Department Functional Interfaces
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT)
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces
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31
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Kohler L, Hadt RG, Hayes D, Chen LX, Mulfort KL. Synthesis, structure, and excited state kinetics of heteroleptic Cu(i) complexes with a new sterically demanding phenanthroline ligand. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13088-13100. [PMID: 28944388 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02476b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report we describe the synthesis of a new phenanthroline ligand, 2,9-di(2,4,6-tri-isopropyl-phenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (bL2) and its use as the blocking ligand in the preparation of two new heteroleptic Cu(i)diimine complexes. Analysis of the CuHETPHEN single crystal structures shows a distinct distortion from an ideal tetrahedral geometry around the Cu(i) center, forced by the secondary phenanthroline ligand rotating to accommodate the isopropyl groups of bL2. The increased steric bulk of bL2 as compared to the more commonly used 2,9-dimesityl-1,10-phenanthroline blocking ligand prohibits intramolecular ligand-ligand interaction, which is unique among CuHETPHEN complexes. The ground state optical and redox properties of CuHETPHEN complexes are responsive to the substitution on the blocking ligand even though the differences in structure are far removed from the Cu(i) center. Transient optical spectroscopy was used to understand the excited state kinetics in both coordinating and non-coordinating solvents following visible excitation. Substitution of the blocking phenanthroline ligand has a significant impact on the 3MLCT decay and can be used to increase the excited state lifetime by 50%. Electronic structure calculations established relationships between ground and excited state properties, and general entatic state concepts are discussed for copper photosensitizers. This work contributes to the growing library of CuHETPHEN complexes and broadens the fundamental understanding of their ground and excited state properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kohler
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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32
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Saha ML, Schmittel M. Metal-Ligand Exchange in a Cyclic Array: The Stepwise Advancement of Supramolecular Complexity. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12366-12375. [PMID: 27934423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate how the supramolecular complexity (evaluated by the degree of self-sorting M) evolves in a chemical cycle of cascaded metallosupramolecular transformations, using abiological self-assembled entities as input signals. Specifically, the successive addition of the supramolecular self-assembled structures S1 and (T2 + S2) to the starting supramolecular two-component equilateral triangle T1 (M = 1) first induced a fusion into the three-component quadrilateral R1 (M = 6) and then to the five-component scalene triangle T3 (M = 16). Upon the addition of the supramolecular input M1 to T3, a notable self-sorting event occurred, leading to regeneration of the triangle T1 along with formation of the scalene triangle T4 (M = 25). This last step closed the cycle of the supramolecular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Lal Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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33
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Barnsley JE, Scottwell SØ, Elliott ABS, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Structural, Electronic, and Computational Studies of Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complexes of 6,6′-Dimesityl-2,2′-bipyridine with Ferrocene-Appended Ethynyl-2,2′-bipyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8184-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Synøve Ø. Scottwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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34
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Elliott ABS, Lewis JEM, van der Salm H, McAdam CJ, Crowley JD, Gordon KC. Luminescent Cages: Pendant Emissive Units on [Pd2L4]4+ “Click” Cages. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3440-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Holly van der Salm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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35
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Xu S, Wang J, Zhao F, Xia H, Wang Y. Photophysical properties of copper(I) complexes containing pyrazine-fused phenanthroline ligands: a joint experimental and theoretical investigation. J Mol Model 2015; 21:313. [PMID: 26589406 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two copper(I) complexes [Cu(Pyz-Phen)2]PF6 (1) and [Cu(POP)(Pyz-Phen)]PF6 (2) (Pyz-Phen = pyrazino[2,3-f] [1, 10]phenanthroline, POP = bis[2-diphenylphosphino]-phenyl]ether) have been synthesized and characterized. The photophysical properties of these complexes in solution have been studied. The electronic absorption spectrum of complexes 1 exhibit the lowest-lying MLCT absorption band at 459 nm and high-energy ligand-based transitions at 275 nm, while that of complex 2 exhibits the MLCT/LLCT band at 400 nm and ligand π-π* band at 262 nm. In addition, both 1 and 2 show similar phosphorescence (3)MLCT/(3)LLCT emissions with maximum emission wavelengths of 569 and 572 nm, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) were employed to rationalize the photophysical properties of the complexes studied. The theoretical data confirm the assignment of the experimental absorption spectra and the nature of the emitting states. Graphical Abstract Photophysical properties of copper(I) complexes containing pyrazine-fused phenanthroline ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Fenglin Street Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Fenglin Street Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Fenglin Street Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongying Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Fenglin Street Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Guizhou High Performance Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
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36
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Yu WB, He QY, Ma XF, Shi HT, Wei X. A new copper species based on an azo-compound utilized as a homogeneous catalyst for water oxidation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:351-8. [PMID: 25382024 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03097d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new azo-complex [(L)Cu(II)(NO3)] [L = (E)-3-(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL)], was prepared via a one-pot synthetic method at 60 °C and was structurally characterized by IR, EA, PXRD and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, TGA studies indicated that the complex was stable in air. The redox properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry, which revealed that the complex could be utilized as a catalyst for water oxidation under mild conditions. Subsequently, the complex was employed as a catalyst to take part in water oxidation reaction in the presence of a Ce(IV) salt utilized as an oxidant at pH 11 in PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) solution. The results suggested that the catalyst exhibited a high stability and activity toward water oxidation reaction under these conditions with an initial TOF of 4.0 kPa h(-1). Calculation methodology was performed to study the mechanism of the reaction, which revealed that in this catalytic process, the initial oxidation of Cu(II) to Cu(III) occurred by the formation of an intermediate "Cu(III)-O-O-Cu(III)". The formation of this intermediate, resulted in a release of oxygen and closing of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Yu
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, P. R. China.
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37
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Fu ZC, Yin Q, Yao ZF, Li C, Fu WF. Copper(I)-1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane complexes with different coordination modes tuned by auxiliary ligands and their spectroscopic properties. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1057507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Cheng Fu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Zu-Fu Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wen-Fu Fu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, PR China
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38
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Nitsch J, Kleeberg C, Fröhlich R, Steffen A. Luminescent copper(i) halide and pseudohalide phenanthroline complexes revisited: simple structures, complicated excited state behavior. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6944-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03706e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite their chemical simplicity, copper(i) phenanthroline halides appear to involve multiple states in the emission process and exhibit non-trivial photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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39
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Schmittel M. From self-sorted coordination libraries to networking nanoswitches for catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14956-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06605k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This feature article sketches our long way from the development of dynamic heteroleptic coordination motifs to the self-sorting of multi-component libraries and finally the design of a new family of triangular nanomechanical switches, which are useful for ON–OFF control of catalysis and in bidirectional communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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40
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Scottwell SØ, Elliott ABS, Shaffer KJ, Nafady A, McAdam CJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Chemically and electrochemically induced expansion and contraction of a ferrocene rotor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8161-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A 2,2′-bipyridine-appended ferrocene rotor can be switched, upon treatment with [Cu(CH3CN)4](PF6) and 6,6′-dimesityl-2,2′-bipyridine, from the stacked (syn) conformation to the unstacked (anti) conformation. The switching was completely reversible and could be triggered either chemically, or electrochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia B. S. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Karl J. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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41
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42
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Noor A, Huff GS, Kumar SV, Lewis JEM, Paterson BM, Schieber C, Donnelly PS, Brooks HJL, Gordon KC, Moratti SC, Crowley JD. [Re(CO)3]+ Complexes of exo-Functionalized Tridentate “Click” Macrocycles: Synthesis, Stability, Photophysical Properties, Bioconjugation, and Antibacterial Activity. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500664v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Christine Schieber
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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43
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Fransted KA, Jackson NE, Zong R, Mara MW, Huang J, Harpham MR, Shelby ML, Thummel RP, Chen LX. Ultrafast Structural Dynamics of Cu(I)-Bicinchoninic Acid and Their Implications for Solar Energy Applications. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10497-506. [DOI: 10.1021/jp504294j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Fransted
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439-3113, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ruifa Zong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Michael W. Mara
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439-3113, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Harpham
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439-3113, United States
| | - Megan L. Shelby
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439-3113, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Randolph P. Thummel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439-3113, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60439, United States
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44
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Saha ML, Neogi S, Schmittel M. Dynamic heteroleptic metal-phenanthroline complexes: from structure to function. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3815-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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45
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Scottwell SØ, Shaffer KJ, McAdam CJ, Crowley JD. 5-Ferrocenyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands: synthesis, palladium(ii) and copper(i) complexes, optical and electrochemical properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05333h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two 5-ferrocenyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands were synthesised using the palladium(0) catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Palladium(ii) and copper(i) complexes of these ligands were synthesised and the optical and electrochemical properties of the complexes were compared to those of the “free” ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ø. Scottwell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - K. J. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C. J. McAdam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J. D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin, New Zealand
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46
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Jesser A, Rohrmüller M, Schmidt WG, Herres-Pawlis S. Geometrical and optical benchmarking of copper guanidine-quinoline complexes: Insights from TD-DFT and many-body perturbation theory†. J Comput Chem 2013; 35:1-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Jesser
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Martin Rohrmüller
- Universität Paderborn, Department Physik Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik; Warburger Str. 100, 33095 Paderborn Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Universität Paderborn, Department Physik Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik; Warburger Str. 100, 33095 Paderborn Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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