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Rim M, Kang DG, Kim W, Jang J, Oh M, Wi Y, Park S, Tran DT, Ha M, Jeong KU. Encryptable Electrochromic Smart Windows: Uniaxially Oriented and Polymerized Hierarchical Nanostructures Constructed by Self-Assembly of Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Reactive Mesogens. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37486215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based reactive mesogens (TTF-E and TTF-T) are synthesized, self-assembled, uniaxially oriented, and polymerized for the development of encryptable electrochromic smart windows. Electrochemical and spectroscopic experiments prove that the self-assembled TTF mixture (TTFM, TTF-E:TTF-T = 1:1) can reversibly switch the absorption wavelength of the TTF chromophore according to the redox reactions. Based on the identification of the phase transition and crystallographic structure, uniaxially oriented hierarchical nanostructures are easily constructed on the macroscopic area by simple coating and a self-assembly process. Subsequent polymerization of hierarchical nanostructures of TTFM significantly enhances thermal and mechanical stabilities and makes it possible for them to be fabricated as an electrochromic device. The angularly dependent correlation between the anisotropy of mesogens and the linearly polarized light allow us to demonstrate TTFM as smart windows capable of various optical security applications, including privacy protection and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Rim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gue Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Jang
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mintaek Oh
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Wi
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Park
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Thanh Tran
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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2
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Witte JF, Wasternack J, Wei S, Schalley CA, Paulus B. The Interplay of Weakly Coordinating Anions and the Mechanical Bond: A Systematic Study of the Explicit Influence of Counterions on the Properties of (Pseudo)rotaxanes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073077. [PMID: 37049840 PMCID: PMC10096450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their ability to stabilise highly reactive cations. It may well be argued, however, that a profound understanding of what truly defines a WCA is still lacking, and systematic studies to unravel counterion effects are scarce. In this work, we investigate a supramolecular pseudorotaxane formation reaction, subject to a selection of anions, ranging from strongly to weakly coordinating, which not only aids in fostering our knowledge about anion coordination properties, but also provides valuable theoretical insight into the nature of the mechanical bond. We employ state-of-the-art DFT-based methods and tools, combined with isothermal calorimetry and 1H NMR experiments, to compute anion-dependent Gibbs free association energies ΔGa, as well as to evaluate intermolecular interactions. We find correlations between ΔGa and the anions’ solvation energies, which are exploited to calculate physico-chemical reaction parameters in the context of coordinating anions. Furthermore, we show that the binding situation within the (pseudo)rotaxanes can be mostly understood by straight-forward electrostatic considerations. However, quantum-chemical effects such as dispersion and charge-transfer interactions become more and more relevant when WCAs are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Felix Witte
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.F.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Janos Wasternack
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shenquan Wei
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.F.W.); (B.P.)
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3
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McNamara LE, Boyn JN, Melnychuk C, Anferov SW, Mazziotti DA, Schaller RD, Anderson JS. Bright, Modular, and Switchable Near-Infrared II Emission from Compact Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Diradicaloid Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16447-16455. [PMID: 36037407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR)-emitting molecules are promising candidates for biological sensing and imaging applications; however, many NIR dyes are large conjugated systems which frequently have issues with stability, solubility, and tunability. Here, we report a novel class of compact and tunable fluorescent diradicaloid complexes which are air-, water-, light-, and temperature-stable. These properties arise from a compressed π manifold which promotes an intense ligand-centered π-π transition in the NIR II (1000-1700 nm) region and which subsequently emits at ∼1200 nm. This emission is among the brightest known for monomolecular lumiphores with deep NIR II (>1100 nm) emission, nearly an order of magnitude brighter than the commercially available NIR II dye IR 26. Furthermore, this fluorescence is electrochemically sensitive, with efficient switching upon addition of redox agents. The brightness, stability, and modularity of this system distinguish it as a promising candidate for the development of new technologies built around NIR emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E McNamara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jan-Niklas Boyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Christopher Melnychuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sophie W Anferov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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4
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Gordillo MA, Benavides PA, Spalding K, Saha S. A New Electrically Conducting Metal-Organic Framework Featuring U-Shaped cis-Dipyridyl Tetrathiafulvalene Ligands. Front Chem 2021; 9:726544. [PMID: 34660528 PMCID: PMC8517321 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.726544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new electrically conducting 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) with a unique architecture was synthesized using 1,2,4,5-tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (TCPB) a redox-active cis-dipyridyl-tetrathiafulvalene (Z-DPTTF) ligand. While TCPB formed Zn2(COO)4 secondary building units (SBUs), instead of connecting the Zn2-paddlewheel SBUs located in different planes and forming a traditional pillared paddlewheel MOF, the U-shaped Z-DPTTF ligands bridged the neighboring SBUs formed by the same TCPB ligand like a sine-curve along the b axis that created a new sine-MOF architecture. The pristine sine-MOF displayed an intrinsic electrical conductivity of 1 × 10−8 S/m, which surged to 5 × 10−7 S/m after I2 doping due to partial oxidation of electron rich Z-DPTTF ligands that raised the charge-carrier concentration inside the framework. However, the conductivities of the pristine and I2-treated sine-MOFs were modest possibly because of large spatial distances between the ligands that prevented π-donor/acceptor charge-transfer interactions needed for effective through-space charge movement in 3D MOFs that lack through coordination-bond charge transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Gordillo
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Paola A Benavides
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | | | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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5
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Wang PH, Yu CM, Yu XQ, Wang MS, Guo GC. UV-vis/X-ray/thermo-induced synthesis and UV-SWIR photoresponsive property of a mixed-valence viologen molybdate semiconductor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5550-5553. [PMID: 33969841 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new design strategy through the synergy of Mo(vi)-Mo(v) intervalence charge transfer and π(radical)-π(radical/cation) interactions is proposed to obtain semiconductors with photoresponsive ranges covering the whole UV-SWIR (ultraviolet-shortwave near-infrared; ca. 250-3000 nm) region. With this strategy, a viologen-based molybdate semiconductor with a UV-SWIR photoresponsive range was obtained through UV/X-ray irradiation or thermal annealing. The thermally annealed semiconductor has the highest conversion and the best photocurrent response in the range of 355-2400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cao-Ming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Brown JT, Zeller M, Rosokha SV. Effects of structural variations on π-dimer formation: long-distance multicenter bonding of cation-radicals of tetrathiafulvalene analogues. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25054-25065. [PMID: 33118569 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04891g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multicenter (pancake) bonding between cation-radicals of tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene, TMTSF+˙, tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene, TMTTF+˙, and bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene, ET+,˙ was compared to that of tetrathiafulvalene, TTF+˙. To minimize counter-ion effects, the cation-radical salts with weakly coordinating anions (WCA), tetrakis(3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate, dodecamethylcarborane and hexabromocarborane were prepared. Solid-state (X-ray and EPR) measurements revealed diamagnetic π-dimers in the TMTSF and ET salts and the separate monomers in the TTF salts with all WCAs, while TMTTF existed as a dimer in one and a monomer in two salts. The variable-temperature UV-Vis studies of these salts in solution showed that the thermodynamics of formation of the π-bonded dimers of TMTTF+˙ was close to that of TTF+˙, while TMTSF+˙ and ET+˙ showed a higher propensity for π-dimerization. These data indicated that the replacement of sulfur with heavier selenium or insertion of ethylenedithia-substituents into the TTF core increases the π-dimers' stability. Yet, computational analysis indicated that the weakly covalent component of π-bonding decreases in the order TTF > TMTTF > TMTSF > ET. The higher stability of the π-dimers of TMTSF+˙ and ET+˙ cation-radicals was related to a decrease of the electrostatic repulsion between cationic counter-parts and an increase of dispersion components in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
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7
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Kawamura A, Xie J, Boyn JN, Jesse KA, McNeece AJ, Hill EA, Collins KA, Valdez-Moreira JA, Filatov AS, Kurutz JW, Mazziotti DA, Anderson JS. Reversible Switching of Organic Diradical Character via Iron-Based Spin-Crossover. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17670-17680. [PMID: 32948091 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Airi Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jiaze Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jan-Niklas Boyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kate A. Jesse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andrew J. McNeece
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ethan A. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kelsey A. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Josh W. Kurutz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - David A. Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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8
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Zappe L, Schönfeld S, Hörner G, Zenere KA, Leong CF, Kepert CJ, D'Alessandro DM, Weber B, Neville SM. Spin crossover modulation in a coordination polymer with the redox-active bis-pyridyltetrathiafulvalene (py 2TTF) ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10469-10472. [PMID: 32766630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03788e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A one-dimensional FeII coordination polymer (CP) has been formed which includes the redox-active ligand bis-pyridyltetrathiafulvalene (py2TTF) and a Schiff base-like N2O2 ligand. This CP is both spin crossover (SCO) and redox-active in the solid-state, and chemical oxidation results in SCO modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany.
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9
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Twisted chromophore assist to tetrathiafulvalene-spiropyran hybrid driving four-state molecular switch. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Zhou Y, Yu F, Su J, Kurmoo M, Zuo J. Tuning Electrical‐ and Photo‐Conductivity by Cation Exchange within a Redox‐Active Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE) School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg France
| | - Jing‐Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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11
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Zhou Y, Yu F, Su J, Kurmoo M, Zuo J. Tuning Electrical‐ and Photo‐Conductivity by Cation Exchange within a Redox‐Active Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18763-18767. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE) School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg France
| | - Jing‐Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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12
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Jiang M, Weng YG, Zhou ZY, Ge CY, Zhu QY, Dai J. Cobalt Metal-Organic Frameworks Incorporating Redox-Active Tetrathiafulvalene Ligand: Structures and Effect of LLCT within the MOF on Photoelectrochemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10727-10735. [PMID: 32686407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of charge transfer on the physical properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is essential for designing multifunctional MOF materials. In this work, three redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based MOFs, formulated as [Co6L6(bpe)6(EtOH)2(MeOH)2(H2O)]n·5nH2O (1), [Co5(μ3-OH)2L4(bpe)2]n (2), and [CoL(bpa)(H2O)]n·2nH2O (3) (L = dimethylthio-tetrathiafulvalene-bicarboxylate, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene, bpa = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane), are crystallographically characterized. Complexes 1 and 3 are two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers, and 2 features an unusual three-dimensional (3D) MOF. The structure of 2 contains a cluster chain constructed from μ2-O bridged pentanuclear cluster subunits, which is first found for 3D MOFs. Complexes 1 and 2 are comprised of the same ligands L and bpe but with different multidimensional configuration, and complexes 1 and 3 have the same 2D layered structures with the same ligand L but with different conjugation ligand bpe/bpa, which provide a good comparison for the structure-property relationship. The charge-transfer (CT) interactions within MOF 1 are stronger than those of 2 due to the closer packing of electron donor (D) L and electron acceptor (A) bpe in 1, and no CT occurs within MOF 3 because of the unconjugated bpa. The order of photocurrent density is 1 > 2 ≫ 3, which is in accordance with that of CT interactions. Further analysis reveals that the CT interactions within the MOF are not beneficial for the supercapacitance which is verified by the highest supercapacitance performance of 3. This work is the first study of the structures and CT effects on the supercapacitance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Gang Weng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yao Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Yi Ge
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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13
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Yin WY, Weng YG, Jiang M, Yu SK, Zhu QY, Dai J. A Series of Tetrathiafulvalene Bismuth Chlorides: Effects of Oxidation States of Cations on Structures and Electric Properties. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5161-5169. [PMID: 32186867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most large organic cations in the low-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites deteriorate the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells. Integrating electronically active organic components into hybrid metal halides is an effective method to improve their photoelectric properties. In this work, a series of compounds obtained by hybridizing redox-active tetrakis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (TMT-TTF) with bismuth chloride, formulated as [TMT-TTF]4[Bi6Cl22] (1 and 1'), [TMT-TTF]3[Bi4Cl16] (2), [TMT-TTF]2[Bi3Cl13] (3), [TMT-TTF]2[Bi2Cl10] (4), and {[TMT-TTF][Bi2Cl8]}n (5), were crystallographically characterized. These hybrids exhibit changeable oxidation states of the TTF moiety. The radical cation TTF•+ exists in 1 and 1', while a mixed-valence TTF•+/TTF2+ appears in 2 that has never been documented in any compounds and the dication TTF2+ exists in 3-5 that has never been introduced into hybrid organic-inorganic materials. The different charged states of the TTF cations lead to various degrees of connectivity of metal chloride anions, which exert a significant effect on the cation-anion arrangement and result in different supramolecular interactions between TMT-TTF and between cations and anions. The changeable oxidation states of the TTF moiety and varying degrees of metal chloride connectivity provide a good comparison among these hybridized bismuth chlorides. The order of conductivity is 2 > 1 > 1' > 3 ≈ 4 ≫ 5, which results from the synergistic effect of different oxidation states, the packing of TMT-TTF cations, and back charge transfer from the Bi-Cl anion to the TMT-TTF cation. Notably, the electrical conductivity and carrier mobility can be modulated with the fact that compound 2 has the highest performances in the dark, while in light, these properties of 1 and 1' are in turn higher than that of 2. The order of the photocurrent densities is in accordance with the increase of carrier mobility under irradiation of light. This work is the first systematic study of hybrid metal halides with various oxidation states of TTFs and presents a clear structure-property relationship and offers a fresh view on the design of new perovskite materials at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Yin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials; School of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Gang Weng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Kang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li X, Liu YH, Zhu GZ, Gao F. Stabilization and isolation of radical cation and dication salts of a tetrathiafulvalene derivative functionalized with amino groups. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The radical cation and dication salts of a tetrathiafulvalene derivative functionalized with amino groups have been stabilized and isolated by chemical oxidation. Comprehensive research on their structure–property relationship was fully performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Zhou Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
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15
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Xie J, Boyn JN, Filatov AS, McNeece AJ, Mazziotti DA, Anderson JS. Redox, transmetalation, and stacking properties of tetrathiafulvalene-2,3,6,7-tetrathiolate bridged tin, nickel, and palladium compounds. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1066-1078. [PMID: 34084362 PMCID: PMC8145528 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that capping the molecule TTFtt (TTFtt = tetrathiafulvalene-2,3,6,7-tetrathiolate) with dialkyl tin groups enables the isolation of a stable series of redox congeners and facile transmetalation to Ni and Pd. TTFtt has been proposed as an attractive building block for molecular materials for two decades as it combines the redox chemistry of TTF and dithiolene units. TTFttH4, however, is inherently unstable and the incorporation of TTFtt units into complexes or materials typically proceeds through the in situ generation of the tetraanion TTFtt4-. Capping of TTFtt4- with Bu2Sn2+ units dramatically improves the stability of the TTFtt moiety and furthermore enables the isolation of a redox series where the TTF core carries the formal charges of 0, +1, and +2. All of these redox congeners show efficient and clean transmetalation to Ni and Pd resulting in an analogous series of bimetallic complexes capped by 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) ligands. Furthermore, by using the same transmetalation method, we synthesized analogous palladium complexes capped by 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) which had been previously reported. All of these species have been thoroughly characterized through a systematic survey of chemical and electronic properties by techniques including cyclic voltammetry (CV), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy (UV-vis-NIR), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These detailed synthetic and spectroscopic studies highlight important differences between the transmetalation strategy presented here and previously reported synthetic methods for the installation of TTFtt. In addition, the utility of this stabilization strategy can be illustrated by the observation of unusual TTF radical-radical packing in the solid state and dimerization in the solution state. Theoretical calculations based on variational 2-electron reduced density matrix methods have been used to investigate these unusual interactions and illustrate fundamentally different levels of covalency and overlap depending on the orientations of the TTF cores. Taken together, this work demonstrates that tin-capped TTFtt units are ideal reagents for the installation of redox-tunable TTFtt ligands enabling the generation of entirely new geometric and electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Jan-Niklas Boyn
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Andrew J McNeece
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
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16
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Wang HY, Su J, Ma JP, Yu F, Leong CF, D'Alessandro DM, Kurmoo M, Zuo JL. Concomitant Use of Tetrathiafulvalene and 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane within the Skeletons of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Structures, Magnetism, and Electrochemistry. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8657-8664. [PMID: 31187988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In search of multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), redox-active donors and acceptors, namely, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), were concomitantly used as skeletal components with diamagnetic metal nodes (Cd and Zn) to construct unique framework materials. Six isostructural frameworks were synthesized by diffusion of metal salts, TTF(py)4, and either paramagnetic Li(TCNQ) or diamagnetic H2TCNQ. They were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and FT-IR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and their physical properties were studied, including two postsynthetic modifications involving crystal-to-crystal transformations following a solid-solution reaction with I2. The highly colored crystals of two isostructural Zn and Cd frameworks contain undulating Cd-TTF(py)4 layers entwined with TCNQ in a chicken-wire net as part of the skeleton of the MOF as well as TCNQ intercalated within the channels, while nitrate anions are occluded within the cavities formed by the pyridine moieties. Reaction with I2 replaces each intercalated TCNQ•- within the channels with I3-. The optical properties and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra indicate the presence of only radical TCNQ•- in the parent compounds, while the magnetic susceptibilities enabled an estimation of the amount of TCNQ•- ( S = 1/2) leading to almost paramagnetic behavior. Solid-state electrochemistry provides evidence of several one-electron redox states corresponding to the electroactive cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Sichuan Normal University , Chengdu 610066 , PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Ma
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Chanel F Leong
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Deanna M D'Alessandro
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Université de Strasbourg , Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7177 , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , Strasbourg 67008 , France
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
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17
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Sarma T, Kim G, Sen S, Cha WY, Duan Z, Moore MD, Lynch VM, Zhang Z, Kim D, Sessler JL. Proton-Coupled Redox Switching in an Annulated π-Extended Core-Modified Octaphyrin. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12111-12119. [PMID: 30180553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is an important chemical and biological phenomenon. It is attractive as an on-off switching mechanism for redox-active synthetic systems but has not been extensively exploited for this purpose. Here we report a core-modified planar weakly antiaromatic/nonaromatic octaphyrin, namely, a [32]octaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0) (1) derived from rigid naphthobipyrrole and dithienothiophene (DTT) precursors, that undergoes proton-coupled two-electron reduction to produce its aromatic congener in the presence of HCl and other hydrogen halides. Evidence for the production of a [4 n + 1] π-electron intermediate radical state is seen in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. Electrochemical analyses provide support for the notion that protonation causes a dramatic anodic shift in the reduction potentials of octaphyrin 1, thereby facilitating electron transfer from halide anions (viz. I-, Br-, and, Cl-). Electron-rich molecules, such as tetrathiafulvene (TTF), phenothiazine (PTZ), and catechol, were also found to induce PCET in the case of 1. Both the oxidized and two-electron reduced forms of 1 were characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses in the solid state and in solution via spectroscopic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Sarma
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Sajal Sen
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Won-Young Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Matthew D Moore
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
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18
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Tan G, Wang X. Isolable Radical Ions of Main-Group Elements: Structures, Bonding and Properties. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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19
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Chen X, Gao F, Yang W. Single-Crystal X-ray Structures of conductive π-Stacking Dimers of Tetrakis(alkylthio)benzene Radical Cations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29314. [PMID: 27403720 PMCID: PMC4941407 DOI: 10.1038/srep29314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salts containing radical cations of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(isopropylthio)benzene (TPB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(ethylthio) benzene (TEB) have been successfully synthesized with . These newly synthesized salts have been characterized by UV-Vis absorption, EPR spectroscopy, conductivity measurement, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis as well as DFT calculation. This study raises the first crystal structure of conductive π-stacking radical cation with single phenyl ring and reveals their conductivity has relationship with the stack structure which affected by the substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Safety, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wuqin Yang
- School of Safety, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, P. R. China
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20
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Chen B, Lv ZP, Hua C, Leong CF, Tuna F, D'Alessandro DM, Collison D, Zuo JL. Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex Based on a π-Extended Bridging Ligand with Redox-Active Tetrathiafulvalene and 1,10-Phenanthroline Units. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4606-15. [PMID: 27070295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a π-extended bridging ligand with both redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) units, namely, bis(1,10-phenanthro[5,6-b])tetrathiafulvalene (BPTTF), was realized via a self-coupling reaction. Using this ligand and Ru(tbbpy)2Cl2 (tbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), the dinuclear ruthenium(II) compound [{Ru(tbbpy)2}2(BPTTF)](PF6)4 (1) has been obtained by microwave-assisted synthesis. Structural characterization of 1 revealed a crossed arrangement of the TTF moieties on adjacent dimers within the crystal structure. The optical and redox properties of 1 were investigated using electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and absorption spectroscopic studies combined with theoretical calculations. One exhibits a rich electrochemical behavior owing to the multiple redox-active centers. Interestingly, both the ligand BPTTF and the ruthenium compound 1 are EPR-active in the solid state owing to intramolecular charge-transfer processes. The results demonstrate that the TTF-annulated bis(phen) ligand is a promising bridging ligand to construct oligomeric or polymeric metal complexes with multiple redox-active centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Carol Hua
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Chanel F Leong
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Collison
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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21
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Wang HY, Wu Y, Leong CF, D’Alessandro DM, Zuo JL. Crystal Structures, Magnetic Properties, and Electrochemical Properties of Coordination Polymers Based on the Tetra(4-pyridyl)-tetrathiafulvalene Ligand. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10766-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chanel F. Leong
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales
2006, Australia
| | | | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Electrochemistry with the extremely weak coordinating anions: Using of carboranes [H-CB11X6Y5]− (X = H, Cl, Br; Y = H or Me) as supporting electrolyte anions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Conjugated radical cation dimerization-driven generation of supramolecular architectures. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Bellec N, Vacher A, Barrière F, Xu Z, Roisnel T, Lorcy D. Interplay between Organic–Organometallic Electrophores within Bis(cyclopentadienyl)Molybdenum Dithiolene Tetrathiafulvalene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5013-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bellec
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de
Beaulieu, Bât 10A, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Antoine Vacher
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de
Beaulieu, Bât 10A, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Barrière
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de
Beaulieu, Bât 10A, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Zijun Xu
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de
Beaulieu, Bât 10A, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de
Beaulieu, Bât 10A, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Dominique Lorcy
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de
Beaulieu, Bât 10A, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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25
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Su Y, Wang X, Li Y, Song Y, Sui Y, Wang X. Nitrogen Analogues of Thiele’s Hydrocarbon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Su Y, Wang X, Li Y, Song Y, Sui Y, Wang X. Nitrogen Analogues of Thiele’s Hydrocarbon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1634-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Zhang S, Wang X, Sui Y, Wang X. Odd-electron-bonded sulfur radical cations: X-ray structural evidence of a sulfur-sulfur three-electron σ-bond. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14666-9. [PMID: 25299728 DOI: 10.1021/ja507918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The one-electron oxidations of 1,8-chalcogen naphthalenes Nap(SPh)2 (1) and Nap(SPh)(SePh) (2) lead to the formation of persistent radical cations 1(•+) and 2(•+) in solution. EPR spectra, UV-vis absorptions, and DFT calculations show a three-electron σ-bond in both cations. The former cation remains stable in the solid state, while the latter dimerizes upon crystallization and returns to being radical cations upon dissolution. This work provides conclusive structural evidence of a sulfur-sulfur three-electron σ-bond (in 1(•+)) and a rare example of a persistent heteroatomic three-electron σ-bond (in 2(•+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Senwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Centre of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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28
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Zhang DW, Tian J, Chen L, Zhang L, Li ZT. Dimerization of Conjugated Radical Cations: An Emerging Non-Covalent Interaction for Self-Assembly. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:56-68. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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