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Abuhafez N, Ehlers AW, de Bruin B, Gramage-Doria R. Markovnikov-Selective Cobalt-Catalyzed Wacker-Type Oxidation of Styrenes into Ketones under Ambient Conditions Enabled by Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316825. [PMID: 38037901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of palladium catalysts for Wacker-type oxidation of olefins into ketones by first-row transition metals is a relevant approach for searching more sustainable protocols. Besides highly sophisticated iron catalysts, all the other first-row transition metal complexes have only led to poor activities and selectivities. Herein, we show that the cobalt-tetraphenylporphyrin complex is a competent catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of styrenes into ketones with silanes as the hydrogen sources. Remarkably, under room temperature and air atmosphere, the reactions were exceedingly fast (up to 10 minutes) with a low catalyst loading (1 mol %) while keeping an excellent chemo- and Markovnikov-selectivity (up to 99 % of ketone). Unprecedently high TOF (864 h-1 ) and TON (5,800) were reached for the oxidation of aromatic olefins under these benign conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest a reaction mechanism similar to the Mukaiyama-type hydration of olefins with a change in the last fundamental step, which controls the chemoselectivity, thanks to a unique hydrogen bonding network between the ethanol solvent and the cobalt peroxo intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naba Abuhafez
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Andreas W Ehlers
- University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1094 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1094 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Trampuž M, Žnidarič M, Gallou F, Časar Z. Does the Red Shift in UV-Vis Spectra Really Provide a Sensing Option for Detection of N-Nitrosamines Using Metalloporphyrins? ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1154-1167. [PMID: 36643536 PMCID: PMC9835193 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines are widespread cancerogenic compounds in human environment, including water, tobacco products, food, and medicinal products. Their presence in pharmaceuticals has recently led to several recalls of important medicines from the market, and strict controls and tight limits of N-nitrosamines are now required. Analytical determination of N-nitrosamines is expensive, laborious, and time-inefficient making development of simpler and faster techniques for their detection crucial. Several reports published in the previous decade have demonstrated that cobalt porphyrin-based chemosensors selectively bind N-nitrosamines, which produces a red shift of characteristic Soret band in UV-Vis spectra. In this study, a thorough re-evaluation of metalloporphyrin/N-nitrosamine adducts was performed using various characterization methods. Herein, we demonstrate that while N-nitrosamines can interact directly with cobalt-based porphyrin complexes, the red shift in UV-Vis spectra is not selectively assured and might also result from the interaction between impurities in N-nitrosamines and porphyrin skeleton or interaction of other functional groups within the N-nitrosamine structure and the metal ion within the porphyrin. We show that pyridine nitrogen is the interacting atom in tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), as pyridine itself is an active ligand and not the N-nitrosamine moiety. When using Co(II) porphyrins as chemosensors, acidic and basic impurities in dialkyl N-nitrosamines (e.g., formic acid, dimethylamine) are also UV-Vis spectra red shift-producing species. Treatment of these N-nitrosamines with K2CO3 prevents the observed UV-Vis phenomena. These results imply that cobalt-based metalloporphyrins cannot be considered as selective chemosensors for UV-Vis detection of N-nitrosamine moiety-containing species. Therefore, special caution in interpretation of UV-Vis red shift for chemical sensors is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Trampuž
- Lek
Pharmaceuticals d.d., Sandoz Development
Center Slovenia, Kolodvorska
27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Žnidarič
- Lek
Pharmaceuticals d.d., Sandoz Development
Center Slovenia, Kolodvorska
27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical
and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma
AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Zdenko Časar
- Lek
Pharmaceuticals d.d., Sandoz Development
Center Slovenia, Kolodvorska
27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
- Chair
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Mizrahi A, Bhowmik S, Manna AK, Sinha W, Kumar A, Saphier M, Mahammed A, Patra M, Fridman N, Zilbermann I, Kronik L, Gross Z. Electronic Coupling and Electrocatalysis in Redox Active Fused Iron Corroles. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20725-20733. [PMID: 36512733 PMCID: PMC9799712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated arrays composed of corrole macrocycles are increasingly more common, but their chemistry still lags behind that of their porphyrin counterparts. Here, we report on the insertion of iron(III) into a β,β-fused corrole dimer and on the electronic effects that this redox active metal center has on the already rich coordination chemistry of [H3tpfc] COT, where COT = cyclo-octatetraene and tpfc = tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole. Synthetic manipulations were performed for the isolation and full characterization of both the 5-coordinate [FeIIItpfc(py)]2COT and 6-coordinate [FeIIItpfc(py)2]2COT, with one and two axial pyridine ligands per metal, respectively. X-Ray crystallography reveals a dome-shaped structure for [FeIIItpfc(py)]2COT and a perfectly planar geometry which (surprisingly at first) is also characterized by shorter Fe-N (corrole) and Fe-N (pyridine) distances. Computational investigations clarify that the structural phenomena are due to a change in the iron(III) spin state from intermediate (S = 3/2) to low (S = 1/2), and that both the 5- and 6-coordinated complexes are enthalpically favored. Yet, in contrast to iron(III) porphyrins, the formation enthalpy for the coordination of the first pyridine to Fe(III) corrole is more negative than that of the second pyridine coordination. Possible interactions between the two corrole subunits and the chelated iron ions were examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques, and density functional theory (DFT). The large differences in the electronic spectra of the dimer relative to the monomer are concluded to be due to a reduced electronic gap, owing to the extensive electron delocalization through the fusing bridge. A cathodic sweep for the dimer discloses two redox processes, separated by 230 mV. The DFT self-consistent charge density for the neutral and cationic states (1- and 2-electron oxidized) reveals that the holes are localized on the macrocycle. A different picture emerges from the reduction process, where both the electrochemistry and the calculated charge density point toward two consecutive electron transfers with similar energetics, indicative of very weak electron communication between the two redox active iron(III) sites. The binuclear complex was determined to be a much better catalyst for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) than the analogous mononuclear corrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mizrahi
- Chemistry
Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva84190, Israel,Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute
of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel
| | - Susovan Bhowmik
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute
of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel,Bankura
Sammilani College (W.B), Bankura722102, India
| | - Arun K. Manna
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Woormileela Sinha
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute
of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel,Department
of Chemistry, BITS PilaniK K Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Goa403726, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute
of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel
| | - Magal Saphier
- Chemistry
Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva84190, Israel
| | - Atif Mahammed
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute
of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel
| | | | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute
of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel
| | - Israel Zilbermann
- Chemistry
Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva84190, Israel,Chemistry
Department, Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev, Beer-Sheva84105, Israel,
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel,
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Institute
of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel,
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4
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Satoh Y, Kudoh Y, Furukawa K, Matano Y. Synthesis, Electrochemical Behavior, and Catalytic Activity of Cobalt Complexes of 5,10,15,20-Tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoids. Org Lett 2022; 24:3839-3843. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Satoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yuta Kudoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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5
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Mazumder MMR, Burton A, Richburg CS, Saha S, Cronin B, Duin E, Farnum BH. Controlling One-Electron vs Two-Electron Pathways in the Multi-Electron Redox Cycle of Nickel Diethyldithiocarbamate. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13388-13399. [PMID: 34403586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The unique redox cycle of NiII(dtc)2, where dtc- is N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, in acetonitrile displays 2e- redox chemistry upon oxidation from NiII(dtc)2 → [NiIV(dtc)3]+ but 1e- redox chemistry upon reduction from [NiIV(dtc)3]+ → NiIII(dtc)3 → NiII(dtc)2. The underlying reasons for this cycle lie in the structural changes that occur between four-coordinate NiII(dtc)2 and six-coordinate [NiIV(dtc)3]+. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments show that these 1e- and 2e- pathways can be controlled by the addition of pyridine-based ligands (L) to the electrolyte solution. Specifically, the addition of these ligands resulted in a 1e- ligand-coupled electron transfer (LCET) redox wave, which produced a mixture of pyridine-bound Ni(III) complexes, [NiIII(dtc)2(L)]+, and [NiIII(dtc)2(L)2]+. Although the complexes could not be isolated, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements using a chemical oxidant in the presence of 4-methoxypyridine confirmed the formation of trans-[NiIII(dtc)2(L)2]+. Density functional theory calculations were also used to support the formation of pyridine coordinated Ni(III) complexes through structural optimization and calculation of EPR parameters. The reversibility of the LCET process was found to be dependent on both the basicity of the pyridine ligand and the scan rate of the CV experiment. For strongly basic pyridines (e.g., 4-methoxypyridine) and/or fast scan rates, high reversibility was achieved, allowing [NiIII(dtc)2(L)x]+ to be reduced directly back to NiII(dtc)2 + xL. For weakly basic pyridines (e.g., 3-bromopyridine) and/or slow scan rates, [NiIII(dtc)2(L)x]+ decayed irreversibly to form [NiIV(dtc)3]+. Detailed kinetics studies using CV reveal that [NiIII(dtc)2(L)]+ and [NiIII(dtc)2(L)2]+ decay by parallel pathways due to a small equilibrium between the two species. The rate constants for ligand dissociation ([NiIII(dtc)2(L)2]+ → [NiIII(dtc)2(L)]+ + L) along with decomposition of [NiIII(dtc)2(L)]+ and [NiIII(dtc)2(L)2]+ species were found to increase with the electron-withdrawing character of the pyridine ligand, indicating pyridine dissociation is likely the rate-limiting step for decomposition of these complexes. These studies establish a general trend for kinetically trapping 1e- intermediates along a 2e- oxidation path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Motiur R Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Andricus Burton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Chase S Richburg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Soumen Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Bryan Cronin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Evert Duin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Byron H Farnum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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6
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Nasri S, Hajji M, Guergueb M, Dhifaoui S, Marvaud V, Loiseau F, Molton F, Roisnel T, Guerfel T, Nasri H. Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, Magnetic and Structural Characterization of an Hexamethylenetetramine Co(II) Porphyrin Complex – Application in the Catalytic Degradation of Vat Yellow 1 dye. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Osterloh WR, Desbois N, Quesneau V, Brandès S, Fleurat-Lessard P, Fang Y, Blondeau-Patissier V, Paolesse R, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Old Dog, New Tricks: Innocent, Five-coordinate Cyanocobalt Corroles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8562-8579. [PMID: 32452674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three mono-CN ligated anionic cobalt A3-triarylcorroles were synthesized and investigated as to their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties in CH2Cl2, pyridine (Py), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The newly synthesized corroles provide the first examples of air-stable cobalt corroles with an anionic axial ligand and are represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)]-TBA+, where Cor is the trivalent corrole macrocycle, Ar is p-(CN)Ph, p-(CF3)Ph, or p-(OMe)Ph, and TBA+ is the tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) cation. Multiple redox reactions are observed for each mono-CN derivative with a key feature being a more facile first oxidation and a more difficult first reduction in all three solvents as compared to all previously examined corroles with similar meso- and β-pyrrole substituents. Formation constants (log K) for conversion of the five-coordinate mono-CN complex to its six-coordinate bis-CN form ranged from 102.8 for Ar = p-(OMe)Ph to 104.7 for Ar = p-(CN)Ph in DMSO as determined by spectroscopic methodologies. The in situ generated bis-CN complexes, represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)2]2-(TBA+)2, and the mixed ligand complexes, represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)(Py)]-TBA+, were also investigated as to their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties. UV-visible spectra and electrode reactions of the synthesized mono-CN derivatives are compared with the neutral mono-DMSO cobalt corrole complexes and the in situ generated bis-CN and bis-Py complexes, and the noninnocent (or innocent) nature of each cobalt corrole system is addressed. The data demonstrate the ability of the CN- axial ligand(s) to stabilize the high-valent forms of the metallocorrole, leading to systems with innocent macrocyclic ligands. Although a number of six-coordinate cobalt(III) corroles with N-donor ligands were characterized in the solid state, a dissociation of one axial ligand readily occurs in nonaqueous solvents, and this behavior contrasts with the high stability of the currently studied bis-CN adducts in CH2Cl2, pyridine, or DMSO. Linear free energy relationships were elucidated between the meso-phenyl Hammett substituent constants (Σσ) and the measured binding constants, the redox potentials, and the energy of the band positions in the mono-CN and bis-CN complexes in their neutral or singly oxidized forms, revealing highly predictable trends in the physicochemical properties of the anionic corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Valentin Quesneau
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
| | - Virginie Blondeau-Patissier
- Department Time-Frequency, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST (UMR CNRS 6174), 26 Chemin de l'épitaphe, Besançon Cedex 25030, France
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Claude P Gros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
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8
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Alcântara AFP, Fontana LA, Almeida MP, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. Control over the Redox Cooperative Mechanism of Radical Carbene Transfer Reactions for the Efficient Active‐Metal‐Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7808-7822. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. P. Alcântara
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano Estrada do Tamboril 56200-000 Ouricuri Brazil
| | - Liniquer A. Fontana
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marlon P. Almeida
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Vitor H. Rigolin
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Ribeiro
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 29075-910 Vitória Brazil
| | - Wdeson P. Barros
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Jackson D. Megiatto
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
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9
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Honda H, Sasahara A, Onishi H. Porphyrins on mica: Atomic force microscopy imaging in organic solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Wen H, Yang J, Maouche C, Liu Q, Wu Y, Cheng C, Zhu J, Cheng X. N,S-Atom-coordinated Co 9S 8 trinary dopants within a porous graphene framework as efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14992-15001. [PMID: 30302488 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic instability and difficulty in controlling the uniform size distributions of cobalt sulfides greatly restrict their application for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst in regenerative fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries. Herein, we synthesize a stable electrocatalyst of N,S-atom-coordinated Co9S8 trinary dopants within a porous graphene framework (Co9S8@NS-3DrGO), in which Co9S8 nanoparticles show uniform sizes and distributions. The stable Co9S8-based composites are fabricated by a facile soft template-assisted strategy, and the attraction of this method is that the intermediate of melamine formaldehyde resin (MFR) plays trifunctional roles, including (i) it acts as the templated bonding material to crosslink GO sheets together, (ii) it facilitates the formation of a core-shell architecture, and (iii) it acts as the N source for doping. Catalyst composition and performance are largely dependent on the pyrolysis temperature. Extensive investigation elucidates that the mechanism of electrocatalytic activity is attributed to: (i) the unique core-shell structure of the composites, as well as uniform particle sizes and distributions of Co9S8, (ii) the active nitrogen (pyridinic N and graphitic N) contents, and (iii) the large surface area and porous architecture. The composite pyrolyzed at 850 °C exhibits the best electrocatalytic performance, which shows a positive ORR half-wave potential (0.826 V), a small OER overpotential (317 mV) at 10 mA cm-2, and high stability, comparable to the commercial noble catalysts Pt/C and RuO2 in alkaline media. Furthermore, when applied in zinc-air batteries, it also displays a comparable performance to a Pt/C + RuO2 mixture catalyst. This work provides an approach to stabilize cobalt sulfides and control their particle sizes and distributions by ingeniously employing the soft template of MFR and pyrolyzing them at various temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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11
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Rizzuto FJ, Ramsay WJ, Nitschke JR. Otherwise Unstable Structures Self-Assemble in the Cavities of Cuboctahedral Coordination Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11502-11509. [PMID: 30114908 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a method for the directed self-assembly of interlocked structures and coordination complexes in a set of metal-organic hosts. New homo- and heteroleptic metal complexes-species that cannot be prepared outside-form within the cavities of cuboctahedral coordination cages. When linear bidentate guests and macrocycles are sequentially introduced to the host, a rotaxane is threaded internally; the resulting ternary host-guest complex is a new kind of molecular gyroscope. Tetradentate guests segregate the cavities of these cages into distinct spaces, promoting new stoichiometries and modes of ligand binding to metal ions. The behaviors of bound complexes were observed to alter markedly as a result of confinement: In situ oxidations and spin transitions, neither of which occur ex situ, were both observed to proceed. By providing a tailored space for new modes of coordination-driven self-assembly, the inner phases of cuboctahedral coordination cages provide a new medium for synthetic coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Rizzuto
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - William J Ramsay
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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12
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Xu W, Fang Y, Ou Z, Chen M, Kadish KM. Synthesis, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterization of iron(III) tetraarylporphyrins containing four β,β′-butano and β,β′-benzo fused rings. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Six iron(III) tetraarylporphyrins containing four [Formula: see text]-butano or [Formula: see text]-benzo fused rings were synthesized and characterized by electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry in nonaqueous media. The examined compounds are represented as butano(TpYPP)FeCl and benzo(TpYPP)FeCl, where TpYPP is a dianion of the meso-substituted porphyrin, Y is a CH[Formula: see text], H or Cl substituent on the para-position of the four meso-phenyl rings and butano and benzo are the [Formula: see text]-substituents on each of the four pyrrole rings of the compound. Up to three reductions are observed for each Fe(III) butano- and benzoporphyrin in CH[Formula: see text]Cl[Formula: see text] or pyridine containing 0.1 M TBAP, the first of which is assigned in each case to a metal-centered electron transfer. The second reduction is also metal-centered in CH[Formula: see text]Cl[Formula: see text] and leads to formation of an Fe(I) porphyrin, but it is porphyrin ring-centered and gives an Fe(II) porphyrin [Formula: see text]-anion radical reduction product when pyridine is used as the solvent. The effects of the solvent and type of fused ring system (butano or benzo) on the UV-vis spectra and electrochemical properties of the Fe(III) porphyrins are discussed and comparisons are made to both the structurally related non-[Formula: see text]-substituted iron porphyrins and earlier described butano- or benzotetraarylporphyrins containing Cu(II) or Co(II) central metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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13
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Ke X, Kumar R, Sankar M, Kadish KM. Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of Cobalt Porphyrins with π-Extending and/or Highly Electron-Withdrawing Pyrrole Substituents. In Situ Electrogeneration of σ-Bonded Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1490-1503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Ke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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14
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15
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Achey D, Ardo S, Meyer GJ. Increase in the Coordination Number of a Cobalt Porphyrin after Photo-Induced Interfacial Electron Transfer into Nanocrystalline TiO2. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:9865-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301300h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Achey
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shane Ardo
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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16
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Zhu W, Fang Y, Shen W, Lu G, Zhang Y, Ou Z, Kadish KM. Reductive dechlorination of DDT electrocatalyzed by synthetic cobalt porphyrins in N,N′-dimethylformamide. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two cobalt porphyrins, (OEP) CoII and (TPP) CoII , where OEP and TPP are the dianions of octaethylporphyrin and tetraphenylporphyrin, respectively, were examined as electrocatalysts for the reductive dechlorination of DDT (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane) in N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP). No reaction is observed between DDT and the porphyrin in its Co(II) oxidation state but this is not the case for the reduced Co(I) forms of the porphyrins which electrocatalyze the dechlorination of DDT, giving initially DDD (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane), DDE (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2, 2-dichloroethylene) and DDMU (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroethylene) as determined by GC-MS analysis of the reaction products. A further dechlorination product, DDOH (2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol), is also formed on longer timescales when using (TPP)Co as the electroreduction catalyst. The effect of porphyrin structure and reaction time on the dechlorination products was examined by GC-MS, cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential electrolysis and UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry and a mechanism for the reductive dechlorination is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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17
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Bhyrappa P, Velkannan V. β-Tetrabromo-meso-tetrakis(4′-substituted phenyl)porphyrins: synthesis and electrochemical redox properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611003768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,3,12,13-tetrabromo-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4′-substituted phenyl)porphyrins, H2 T(4′-R Ph) PBr4 ( R = OCH3 , t-butyl, H and CO2CH3 ) and their metal ( Co(II) , Cu(II) , and Zn(II) ) complexes were synthesized and their electrochemical redox properties were explored. The plot of E1/2vs. the Hammett parameter (σp) of the substituents (R) follow a fairly linear relationship for the ring centered redox potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bhyrappa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - V. Velkannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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18
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Lopez MA, De La Rosa MA. Electronic effects on carbon monoxide dissociation from iron(II) tetraphenylporhyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the kinetics of CO binding to a series of substituted ferrous tetra(4-X-phenyl)porphyrins ( X = CF 3, Cl , H , CH 3, OCH 3) in DMSO solvent using a mixture of 1,2-DMI/1-MeIm as proximal base. The CO dissociation rate constant increases with electron donation of the substituent X; the aggregate Hammett ρ value is -0.38. Using a Swain-Lupton analysis we determine the electronic effects to be transmitted 67% by through-bond or field effect and 33% by resonance. These results indicate that there is significant conjugation between the phenyl rings and the porphyrin core of iron tetraphenylporphyrin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University at Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 90840, USA
| | - Martha A. De La Rosa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University at Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 90840, USA
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19
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Zhu W, Zhao X, Ou Z, Zhou F, Wang X, Kadish KM. Effect of solvent binding on UV-vis spectra and redox potentials of octaethylporphyrins containing first-row transition metal ions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The UV-visible spectra and oxidation/reduction potentials for six octaethylporphyrins with first-row transition metal ions were measured in four non-aqueous solvents and then analyzed as a function of the Gutmann solvent parameters, donor number (DN) or acceptor number (AN). The utilized solvents were dichloromethane ( CH2Cl2 ), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and pyridine (py). The investigated porphyrins were (OEP)M, where OEP = the dianion of octaethylporphyrin and M = CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, FeIIICl or MnIIICl . UV-visible spectra upon solvent (S) binding to give (OEP)M(S) or [ (OEP)M(S)2]+Cl- were monitored during a titration of the porphyrin in CH2Cl2 and formation constants ( logβ n, n = 1 or 2) for the ligand addition reactions were determined using standard equations. Five-coordinate (OEP)CoII(S) and (OEP)ZnII(S) are generated in CH2Cl2 solutions containing DMF, DMSO or py while six-coordinate [ (OEP)Mn(S)2]+Cl and [ (OEP)Fe(S)2]+Cl- are formed under the same solution conditions. The magnitudes of the solvent binding constants are discussed in terms of both the solvent donor/acceptor properties and the electronegativity (EN) or stability index (SI) of the porphyrin central metal ion. A comparison between solvent binding constants measured in this study for (OEP)M and literature data for (TPP)M with the same central metal ions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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20
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Sankar M, Bhyrappa P, Varghese B, Praneeth KK, Vaijayanthimala G. Meso-tetrakis(3',5'-di-substituted-phenyl)porphyrins: structural, electrochemical redox and axial ligation properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A family of meta octa-substituted 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives and their metal ( Cu(II) and Zn(II) ) complexes were examined by electrochemical studies. These functionalized MTPPs exhibited a dramatic anodic shift (>200 mV ) in their first ring redox potentials relative to the para-phenyl substituted-MTPP(X) complexes and follow a fairly linear relationship with the Hammett parameter of the substituents. The extent of Lewis acidity of the core Zn(II) center in these porphyrins was probed by axial ligation of bases of varying pK a values. The increase in K eq values of the electron deficient Zn(II) porphyrins are as high as an order of magnitude and increase with anodic shift of the electrochemical redox potentials of the porphyrin. A crystal structure of the Zn(II) octa(carboxyethylester phenyl)porphyrin shows six-coordination geometry with the coordination through peripheral ester groups to form a supramolecular two-dimensional layer structure while the ZnT (3',5'- DMP ) P complex exhibited a five-coordinate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - Puttaiah Bhyrappa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - Babu Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - K. K. Praneeth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - G. Vaijayanthimala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
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21
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Xi-Zhang C, Ying M, Mao-Lian W, Li L. The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide using cobalt tetrakis (4-trimethylammoniophenyl) porphyrin under high pressure. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.19860040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical study of nickel and cobalt diphenyltetraazaannulene complexes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Dürr K, Macpherson BP, Warratz R, Hampel F, Tuczek F, Helmreich M, Jux N, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Iron(III) Complex of a Crown Ether−Porphyrin Conjugate and Reversible Binding of Superoxide to Its Iron(II) Form. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:4217-28. [PMID: 17371019 DOI: 10.1021/ja064984p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the Fe(III) complex of a novel crown ether-porphyrin conjugate, 52-N-(4-aza-18-crown-6)methyl-54,104,154,204-tetra-tert-butyl-56-methyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (H2Porph), as well as the corresponding hydroxo, dimeric, Fe(II), and peroxo species are reported. The crystal structure of [FeIII(Porph)Cl].H3O+.FeCl4-.C6H6.EtOH is also reported. [FeIII(Porph)(DMSO)2]+ and K[FeIII(Porph)(O22-)] are high-spin species (Mössbauer data: delta = 0.38 mm s(-1), DeltaEq = 0.83 mm s(-1) and delta = 0.41 mm s(-1), DeltaEq = 0.51 mm s(-1), respectively), whereas in a solution of reduced [FeIII(Porph)(DMSO)2]+ complex the low-spin [FeII(Porph)(DMSO)2] (delta = 0.44 mm s(-1), DeltaEq = 1.32 mm s(-1)) and high-spin [FeII(Porph)(DMSO)] (delta = 1.27 mm s(-1), DeltaEq = 3.13 mm s(-1)) iron(II) species are observed. The reaction of [FeIII(Porph)(DMSO)2]+ with KO2 in DMSO has been investigated. The first reaction step, involving reduction to [FeII(Porph)(DMSO)2], was not investigated in detail because of parallel formation of an Fe(III)-hydroxo species. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the second reaction step, reversible binding of superoxide to the Fe(II) complex and formation of an Fe(III)-peroxo species, were studied in detail (by stopped-flow time-resolved UV/vis measurements in DMSO at 25 degrees C), resulting in kon = 36 500 +/- 500 M(-1) s(-1), koff = 0.21 +/- 0.01 s(-1) (direct measurements using an acid as a superoxide scavenger), and KO2- = (1.7 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) (superoxide binding constant kinetically obtained as kon/koff), (1.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(5), and (9.0 +/- 0.1) x 10(4) M(-1) (thermodynamically obtained in the absence and in the presence of 0.1 M NBu4PF6, respectively). Temperature-dependent kinetic measurements for kon (-40 to 25 degrees C in 3:7 DMSO/CH3CN mixture) yielded the activation parameters DeltaH = 61.2 +/- 0.9 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS = +48 +/- 3 J K(-1) mol(-1). The observed reversible binding of superoxide to the metal center and the obtained kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are unique. The finding that fine-tuning of the proton concentration can cause the Fe(III)-peroxo species to release O2- and form an Fe(II) species is of biological interest, since this process might occur under very specific physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dürr
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Galezowski W, Kubicki M. X-ray Structures and Homolysis of Some Alkylcobalt(III) Phthalocyanine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:9902-13. [PMID: 16363861 DOI: 10.1021/ic051078p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first crystallographic data for sigma-bonded alkylcobalt(III) phthalocyanine complexes are reported. A single-crystal X-ray structure of CH(3)CH(2)Co(III)Pc (Pc = dianion of phthalocyanine) reveals that the solid consists of centrosymmetric face-to-face dimers in which the CH(3)CH(2)Co(III)Pc units retain their square pyramidal geometry. The structure appears to be the first one reported for a five-coordinate RCo(III)(chelate) complex with an electron-deficient equatorial system. The Co-C bond in CH(3)CH(2)Co(III)Pc (2.031(5) A) is the longest found in five-coordinate RCo(III)(chel) complexes (R = simple primary alkyl group). Another X-ray study demonstrates that CH(3)Co(III)Pc(py) has a distorted octahedral geometry with axial bonds of very similar length to those in methylcobalamin. The axial bonds are shorter than those in its octaethylporphyrin analogue, in accordance with a weaker trans axial influence in six-coordinate complexes containing an electron-deficient phthalocyanine equatorial ligand. A different trend has been observed for five-coordinate RCo(III)(chel) complexes: electron-rich equatorial systems seem to make the Co-C axial bond shorter. Kinetic data for the homolysis of RCo(III)Pc complexes (R = Me, Et) in dimethylacetamide are also reported. Homolysis of ethyl derivatives is faster. The Co-C bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the pyridine adducts of the methyl and the ethyl derivative are 30 +/- 1 and 29 +/- 1 kcal/mol, respectively. The BDE for CH(3)CoPc(py) is considerably lower than that for MeCbl despite the very similar lengths of the axial bonds in the two complexes. The results of this work do not support any correlation between the Co-C bond length and the bond strength as defined by BDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wlodzimierz Galezowski
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
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25
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Prasad R, Kumar A. Investigation of the electrochemical behavior of metallo-tetraazaporphyrin modified silver and pyrolytic graphite electrodes in aqueous nitrite solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Abstract
CH3CoIIIPc (Pc = dianion of phthalocyanine) has been characterized by equilibrium studies of its trans axial ligation and cyclic voltammetry as a relatively "electron poor" model of methylcobalamin, which in noncoordinating solvents persists as a five-coordinate complex. Axial base (N-donors, PBu3, SCN-, weakly binding O-donors) inhibition of methyl transfer from CH3CoIIIPc shows that the reaction proceeds via the reactive five-coordinate species, even in coordinating solvents. The virtual inactivity of six-coordinate CH3CoIIIPc(L) complexes provides a reference point for important biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wlodzimierz Galezowski
- Department of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
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27
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Walder L, Rytz G, Vögeli U, Scheffold R, Engel P. Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Chemistry of a Vitamin-B12s-Related Macrocyclic Complex of Cobalt(I). Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19840670718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Kadish KM, Wang LL, Thuriere A, Giribabu L, Garcia R, Van Caemelbecke E, Bear JL. Solvent Effects on the Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of Diruthenium Complexes. Studies of Ru2(L)4Cl Where L = 2-CH3ap, 2-Fap, and 2,4,6-F3ap, and ap Is the 2-Anilinopyridinate Anion. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:8309-19. [PMID: 14658883 DOI: 10.1021/ic034722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three Ru2(5+) diruthenium complexes, (4,0) Ru2(2-CH3ap)4Cl, (3,1) Ru2(2-Fap)4Cl, and (3,1) Ru2(2,4,6-F3ap)4Cl where ap is the 2-anilinopyridinate anion, were examined as to their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties in five different nonaqueous solvents (CH2Cl2, THF, PhCN, DMF, and DMSO). Each compound undergoes a single one-electron metal-centered oxidation in THF, DMF, and DMSO and two one-electron metal-centered oxidations in CH2Cl2 and PhCN. The three diruthenium complexes also undergo two reductions in each solvent except for CH2Cl2, and these electrode processes are assigned as Ru2(5+/4+) and Ru2(4+/3+). Each neutral, singly reduced, and singly oxidized species was characterized by UV-vis thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry, and the data are discussed in terms of the most probable electronic configuration of the compound in solution. The three neutral complexes contain three unpaired electrons as indicated by magnetic susceptibility measurements using the Evans method (3.91-3.95 muB), and the electronic configuration is assigned as sigma2pi4delta2pi(*2)delta, independent of the solvent. The three singly oxidized compounds have two unpaired electrons in CD2Cl2, DMSO-d6, or CD3CN (2.65-3.03 muB), and the electronic configuration is here assigned as sigma2pi4delta2pi(*2). The singly reduced compound also has two unpaired electrons (2.70-2.80 muB) in all three solvents, consistent with the electronic configuration sigma2pi4delta2pi(*2)delta(*2) or sigma2pi4delta2pi(*3)delta*. Finally, the overall effect of solvent on the number of observed redox processes is discussed in terms of solvent binding, and several formation constants were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl M Kadish
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA.
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29
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Terazono Y, Patrick BO, Dolphin DH. X-ray crystal structure and ligand binding to β-tetrakis (trifluoromethyl)-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin cobalt(II). Inorganica Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(02)01392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Kadish KM, Kelly S. Electron-transfer and ligand-addition reactions of (meso-tetraphenylporphinato)manganese(II) and -manganese(III) chloride. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50201a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Fournier T, Liu Z, Tran-Thi TH, Houde D, Brasseur N, La Madeleine C, Langlois R, van Lier JE, Lexa D. Influence of Molecular Oxygen on the Charge Transfer Properties of a Co(II)Porphyrin-Al(III)Phthalocyanine Aggregate. Excited States Dynamics and Photobiological Activities. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983936r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Lexa
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UA CNRS 438, Université Denis Diderot, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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32
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Long JW, Murray RW. Axial Ligation Equilibria and Dynamics in a Redox Polyether Hybrid: An Fe Tetraphenylporphyrin Melt. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic980163c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Long
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Royce W. Murray
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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33
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Long JW, Murray RW. A Selective Electrochemical Gas Chromatography Detector Based on Axial Ligation Reactions of a Molten Iron Porphyrin Redox Polyether Hybrid. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ac980155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Long
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Royce W. Murray
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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34
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Koerner R, Wright JL, Ding XD, Nesset MJM, Aubrecht K, Watson RA, Barber RA, Mink LM, Tipton AR, Norvell CJ, Skidmore K, Simonis U, Walker FA. Electronic Effects in Transition Metal Porphyrins. 9. Effect of Phenyl Ortho Substituents on the Spectroscopic and Redox Properties and Axial Ligand Binding Constants of Iron(III) Tetraphenylporphyrinates. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic970989z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Koerner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Joshua L. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Xiao Dong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Marlys J. M. Nesset
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Kate Aubrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Reneé A. Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - R. Andrew Barber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Larry M. Mink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Alicia Rene Tipton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Cynthia J. Norvell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Ken Skidmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Ursula Simonis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
| | - F. Ann Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
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Le Mest Y, L'Her M, Saillard JY. Electrochemical and spectroscopic behavior of dicobalt cofacial diporphyrins. The redox sites revisited. Inorganica Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(95)05004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cameron JH, Turner SC. Spectroelectrochemistry of iron complexes of the C2-capped porphyrin ligand. Polyhedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)87079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Armengaud C, Moisy P, Bedioui F, Devynck J, Bied-Charreton C. Electrochemistry of conducting polypyrrole films containing cobalt porphyrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(90)85102-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Meier R. Voltammetric study of the interaction of phosphate with the Cr(III/II)-EDTA couple. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(89)80135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kildahl NK, Zimmer M. Axial Ligation as A Function of Redox Level in Two Related Macrocyclic Ligand Complexes of Cobalt. J COORD CHEM 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.1988.9728145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bottomley LA, Chiou WJ. The electroreduction of several metallo-octakis(methylthio)tetraazaporphyrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(86)90009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Humphry-Baker R, Kalyanasundaram K. Influence of axial ligation on the fluorescence of tetrakisphenylporphyrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0047-2670(85)85078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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J�ger EG, H�ussler E, Rudolph M, Schneider A. Struktur-Reaktivit�ts-Beziehungen bei koordinativ-unges�ttigten Chelatkomplexen. VI. Synthese, Adduktbildung, Redoxpotentiale und photochrome lodderivate von Eisen(II)-Komplexen Schiffscher Basen mit elektronenziehenden Substituenten. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19855250609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Anomalous ortho effects in sterically hindered porphyrins: Tetrakis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)porphyrin and its sulfonato derivative. Chem Phys Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(84)85135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McDermott GA, Walker F. Electronic effects in transition metal porphyrins. 5. Thermodynamics of axial ligand addition and spectroscopic trends of a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical derivatives of tetraphenylporphinatozinc(II). Inorganica Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bottomley LA, Kadish KM. Differential pulse voltammetric study of the complexation of an iron porphyrin at substoichiometric levels of ligand. Anal Chim Acta 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)94018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sugimoto H, Ueda N, Mori M. Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Tervalent Cobalt Complexes of Porphyrins. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1981. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.54.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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