Sunlight activated long-lasting luminescence from Ba5Si8O21: Eu(2+),Dy(3+) phosphor

Fabrication of Active Z-Scheme Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+/COF Photocatalyst for Round-the-Clock Efficient Removal of Total Cr

Photoreduction is recognized as a desirable treatment method for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). However, it has been limited by the intermittent solar flux and limited light absorption. In this work, a novel Z-scheme photocatalyst combining a covalent organic framework (COF) with Eu2+, Dy3+ co-doped Sr2MgSi2O7 (Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+) is synthesized, which shows the high spectral conversion efficiency and works efficiently in both light irradiation and dark for Cr(VI) reduction. Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+ serves as both an electron transfer station and active sites for COF molecule activation, thus resulting in 100% photoreduction of Cr(VI) (50 mL, 10 mg/L) with high light stability and over 1 h dark activity. Moreover, the XPS and FT-IR analyses reveal the existence of functional groups (Si-OH on Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+, and -NH- on COFTP-TTA) on the composited catalyst as active sites to adsorb the resultant Cr(III) species, demonstrating a synergistic effect for total Cr removal. This work provides an alternative method for the design of a round-the-clock photocatalyst for Cr(VI) reduction, allowing a versatile solid surface activation for establishing a more energy efficient and robust photocatalysis process for Cr pollution cleaning.

Bioimaging and prospects of night pearls-based persistence phosphors in cancer diagnostics

Inorganic persistent phosphors feature great potential for cancer diagnosis due to the long luminescence lifetime, low background scattering, and minimal autofluorescence. With the prominent advantages of near-infrared light, such as deep penetration, high resolution, low autofluorescence, and tissue absorption, persistent phosphors can be used for deep bioimaging. We focus on highlighting inorganic persistent phosphors, emphasizing the synthesis methods and applications in cancer diagnostics. Typical synthetic methods such as the high-temperature solid state, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal/solvothermal, and template methods are proposed to obtain small-size phosphors for biological organisms. The luminescence mechanisms of inorganic persistent phosphors with different excitation are discussed and effective matrixes including galliumate, germanium, aluminate, and fluoride are explored. Finally, the current directions where inorganic persistent phosphors can continue to be optimized and how to further overcome the challenges in cancer diagnosis are summarized.

Luminescence and mechanoluminescence of Ba4Si6O16:Eu2+, RE phosphors

The luminescence properties of green Ba4Si6O16:Eu2+, rare-earths (RE) (RE = Sc, Y, La and Lu except Pm) phosphors are reported. Their long-lasting phosphorescence is discussed in view of trap depths and concentrations determined from thermally stimulated luminescence experiments. A second emission band centered at 439 nm was evidenced at low temperatures, which stems from the substitution of Eu2+ in the two non-equivalent Ba2+ sites of Ba4Si6O16. The mechanoluminescence properties of Ba4Si6O16:Eu2+, RE phosphors are described, and a new mechanoluminescence mechanism is proposed, in the case where RE = Ho3+, involving a trap distribution from 0.694 to 0.924 eV. Mechanical loading (post UV irradiation) induces a decrease in depth of the trap distribution, leading to an increase of the luminescence intensity, whereas a drop of the luminescence intensity is observed upon unloading, following the faster release of the charge carriers.

Insights into blue-light activated red-emitting persistent luminescence from Pr3+-doped phosphors

In recent years, a series of persistent luminescence materials excitable by blue light have been developed and widely used in many fields such as optical information storage, AC-LEDs, anti-counterfeiting and bio-imaging. However, it is still a long-standing challenge to develop a superior red-emitting persistent phosphor that can be efficiently excited by blue light. In this work, a novel blue-light excited red-emitting persistent phosphor CaCd2Ga2Ge3O12:Pr3+ was successfully synthesized by using a solid-state method, showing excellent luminescence properties. Moreover, the phase purity, crystal structure, photoluminescence spectra, afterglow emission spectra, and three-dimensional thermoluminescence spectrum were successfully investigated. Under 294 nm excitation, photoluminescence spectra show a single orange emission and a series of peaks centered at 492, 537, 568, 614 and 664 nm, which correspond to the 3P0 → 3H4, 3P0 → 3H5, 3P2 → 3H6, 1D2 → 3H4, and 3P0 → 3F2 transitions of Pr3+, respectively. Interestingly, after blue light excitation, the afterglow luminescence exhibits red long emission, which is attributed to the 1D2 → 3H4 transition of Pr3+. Through thermoluminescence spectra and three-dimensional thermoluminescence spectra, we analyze the reasons for the different colors of photoluminescence and afterglow luminescence. The results imply that there are two types of traps, and the depth of shallow traps and deep traps is calculated to be 0.684 and 0.776 eV, respectively. It is worth noting that the photoluminescence is attributed to the 4f2 → 4f5d and f → f transitions of Pr3+, and the afterglow luminescence is ascribed to a tunneling-related process and the transition of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. The obtained red-emitting persistent phosphors provide a promising pathway toward AC-LEDs, multi-cycle bio-imaging and other fields.

Multimodal and Multicolor Anti-counterfeiting Realized in CaCd2Ga2Ge3O12 with a Single Activator of Mn2

The continuously growing significance of information security and authentication has put forward many new requirements and challenges for modern luminescent materials and anti-counterfeiting technologies. Recently, luminescent materials have attracted much attention in this field owing to their legibility, repeatability, multicolor, and multiple stimuli-responsive nature. In this work, the efficient multicolor and multimodal luminescence material CaCd₂Ga₂Ge₃O₁₂:Mn²⁺ was successfully designed and synthesized using the strategy of single-doped Mn²⁺ in a single matrix. Also, we combined the morphology, crystal structure, energy band calculation, luminescence properties, and trap analysis to study the optical data storage capacity of CaCd₂Ga₂Ge₃O₁₂:Mn²⁺. Interestingly, in the presence of the 254 nm UV lamp, the sample can exhibit a tunable emission color from bule to cyan to yellow by increasing the dopant concentration of Mn²⁺. Also, under the afterglow and thermoluminescence luminescence modes, it presented strong yellow emission centered at 558 nm. Based on the advantage of multiple tunable luminescence, samples were made into anti-counterfeiting ink and were used to print four optical devices through the screen printing technology. The results show that the material has excellent multicolor anti-counterfeiting properties under the three luminescence modes, which has contributed to the development of many kinds of luminescent anti-counterfeiting materials for security purposes.

Thermoluminescent Tb(III) and Dy(III) complexes with redox-active ligands: experimental and theoretical study

Thermoluminescence and persistent luminescent materials with unique delayed emission have attracted much attention and exhibit great promise in optical information storage. In this manuscript, to reveal the thermoluminescence mechanism, a combined experimental and theoretical study of ternary Ln(NO₃ )₂ Acac(Phen)₂ complexes, where Ln is Tb(III), Dy(III), Eu(III), Acac is acetylacetonate anion, and Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, was carried out. The terbium and dysprosium complexes had thermoluminescence properties, while the europium complex did not. A thermoluminescence mechanism is proposed: the powerful double π-conjugate phenanthroline system appearance upon photoexcitation, the peculiarities of frontier orbitals, the abnormally small highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, and the geometrical changes in the terbium and dysprosium complexes led us to suggest that phenanthroline molecules serve as 'chemical' electron traps. Therefore, we succeeded in 'freezing' and storing the excited state of complexes I and II indefinitely. The obtained thermoluminescent materials with 'chemical' traps of electrons are capable of storing the energy from incident photons and exhibit a great opportunity in optical information storage and anticounterfeiting applications.

Time-dependent dynamic multicolor afterglow of simple LiGa5O8:Eu3+/Tb3+ particles for advanced anticounterfeiting and encryption

A series of LiGa5O8:Eu3+/Tb3+ phosphors exhibit time-dependent dynamic multicolor afterglow from blue to red or green over several seconds after ceasing the excitation.

Sunlight-Activated Orange Persistent Luminescence from Bi-Doped SrBaZn2Ga2O7 for Warm-Color Optical Applications

A warm persistent luminescence (PersL) material SrBaZn₂Ga₂O₇:Bi³⁺ was prepared using the conventional high-temperature solid-phase reaction method. We first investigated the PersL properties of SrBaZn₂Ga₂O₇:Bi³⁺ in detail via PersL spectra, PersL excitation spectrum, PersL decay curves, and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra. The highlight of this study is that in addition to the 254 nm light source, the low-energy light source of 365 nm and sunlight can effectively excite electrons and charge traps, resulting in preferable orange PersL performance. The PersL decay time of the representative sample can last for 960 s after excitation by a 365 nm light source and 900 s after excitation by simulated sunlight. Meanwhile, the PersL color can be regulated by changing the excitation wavelength. In order to explain the infrequent PersL phenomena after different light source excitations, we recorded a series of TL spectra as a function of different light sources, different charging times, and different decay times to reveal the distribution of traps in the material and the influence of trap distribution on trapping and detrapping processes. This novel sunlight-activated orange PersL material is expected to promote the development of sunlight-activated PersL materials and expand potential applications in solar energy utilization and anticounterfeit marking.

Narrowband ultraviolet-B persistent luminescence from (Y,Gd)3Ga5O12:Bi3+ phosphors for optical tagging application

Luminescent materials that emit in the narrowband ultraviolet-B (NB-UVB; 310-313 nm) spectral region have attracted considerable attention due to their unique spectral features, which endow them with great potential applications in the fields of photochemistry and photomedicine. However, NB-UVB persistent luminescent materials are relatively lacking, especially materials that are excitable by natural sunlight. Here we report the NB-UVB persistent luminescence of Gd³⁺ in (Y,Gd)₃Ga₅O₁₂:Bi³⁺ garnets by making use of the persistent energy transfer from Bi³⁺ to Gd³⁺. The optimal Bi³⁺ and Gd³⁺ concentrations for the maximum energy transfer efficiency are determined and persistent NB-UVB light emission with a peak wavelength at 313 nm and an afterglow time of more than 24 h is successfully achieved in the (Y,Gd)₃Ga₅O₁₂:Bi³⁺ phosphor. More importantly, the as-synthesized NB-UVB persistent phosphors are also excitable by the widely available natural sunlight and exhibit exceptional NB-UVB persistent luminescence performance. Benefitting from the visible-blind emission feature, interference-free capability from indoor ambient light and self-sustained optical characteristic, the developed sunlight-excitable NB-UVB persistent phosphors here not only hold great promise for covert optical tagging applications, but also open new opportunities for optical data storage in a bright indoor environment.

Effective Repeatable Mechanoluminescence in Heterostructured Li1- x Nax NbO3 : Pr3

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a striking optical phenomenon that is achieved through mechanical to optical energy conversion. Here, a series of Li_{1 -x} Na_x NbO₃ : Pr³⁺ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) ML materials have been developed. In particular, due to the formation of heterostructure, the synthesized Li_0.5 Na_0.5 NbO₃ : Pr³⁺ effectively couples the trap structures and piezoelectric property to realize the highly repeatable ML performance without traditional preirradiation process. Furthermore, the ML performances measured under sunlight irradiation and preheating confirm that the ML properties of Li_0.5 Na_0.5 NbO₃ : Pr³⁺ can be ascribed to the dual modes of luminescence mechanism, including both trap-controllable and self-recoverable modes. In addition, DFT calculations further confirm that the doping of Na⁺ ions in LiNbO₃ leads to electronic modulations by the formation of the heterostructures, which optimizes the trap distributions and concentrations. These modulations improve the electron transfer efficiency to promote ML performances. This work has supplied significant references for future design and synthesis of efficient ML materials for broad applications.

Efficient Persistent Luminescence Tuning Using a Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex as Efficient Light Conversion Materials

Developing an appropriate method to broaden the color of long persistent luminescence materials has important scientific significance and practical value but remains a great challenge. Herein, we have developed a unique strategy to fine-tune the persistent luminescence using the inclusion complex of rhodamine 6G with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin as efficient light conversion materials. The emitting color of the novel persistent luminescence material could be tuned from green to orange by changing the concentration of the light conversion agent. Furthermore, afterglow decay measurements showed that the initial afterglow brightness is 9.65 cd/m², and the initial afterglow brightness gradually decreased as the cyclodextrin inclusion compound coating increased. This design concept introduces a new perspective for broadening the luminescence color of afterglow phosphors, which may open up new opportunities for persistent luminescence materials toward many emerging applications.

X-ray-charged bright persistent luminescence in NaYF4:Ln3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles for multidimensional optical information storage

NaYF4:Ln3+, due to its outstanding upconversion characteristics, has become one of the most important luminescent nanomaterials in biological imaging, optical information storage, and anticounterfeiting applications. However, the large specific surface area of NaYF4:Ln3+ nanoparticles generally leads to serious nonradiative transitions, which may greatly hinder the discovery of new optical functionality with promising applications. In this paper, we report that monodispersed nanoscale NaYF4:Ln3+, unexpectedly, can also be an excellent persistent luminescent (PersL) material. The NaYF4:Ln3+ nanoparticles with surface-passivated core-shell structures exhibit intense X-ray-charged PersL and narrow-band emissions tunable from 480 to 1060 nm. A mechanism for PersL in NaYF4:Ln3+ is proposed by means of thermoluminescence measurements and host-referred binding energy (HRBE) scheme, which suggests that some lanthanide ions (such as Tb) may also act as effective electron traps to achieve intense PersL. The uniform and spherical NaYF4:Ln3+ nanoparticles are dispersible in solvents, thus enabling many applications that are not accessible for traditional PersL phosphors. A new 3-dimensional (2 dimensions of planar space and 1 dimension of wavelength) optical information-storage application is demonstrated by inkjet-printing multicolor PersL nanoparticles. The multicolor persistent luminescence, as an emerging and promising emissive mode in NaYF4:Ln3+, will provide great opportunities for nanomaterials to be applied to a wider range of fields.

Research Advances on Human-Eye-Sensitive Long Persistent Luminescence Materials

Based on the actual application requirements of multicolor long persistent luminescence (LPL) materials, we highlight the recent developments in the last decade on human-eye-sensitive LPL materials and try to make a full list of known LPL compounds possessing wavelengths of 400-600 nm and a duration time longer than 10 h (>0.32 mcd/m²); these are more sensitive to the human eye's night vision and can be used throughout the night. We further emphasize our group research of novel LPL materials and the regulation of LPL color to enable a full palette. In the end, we try to summarize the challenges and perspectives of LPL materials for potential research directions based on our limited understandings. This review could offer new enlightenment for further exploration of new LPL materials in the visible light range and related applications.

Identifying and explaining vibrational modes of sanbornite (low-BaSi2O5) and Ba5Si8O21: A joint experimental and theoretical study

We report here the analysis of vibrational properties of the sanbornite (low-BaSi₂O₅) and Ba₅Si₈O₂₁ using theoretical and experimental approaches, as well as results of high temperature experiments up to 1100-1150 °C. The crystal parameters derived from Rietveld refinement and calculations show excellent agreement, within 4%, while the absolute mean difference between the theoretical and experimental results for the IR and Raman vibrational frequencies was <6 cm^-1. The temperature-dependent Raman study renders that both sanbornite and Ba₅Si₈O₂₁ display specific Ba and Si sites and their BaO and SiO bonds. In the case of the stretching modes assigned to specific Si sites, the frequency dependence on the SiO bond length exhibited very strong correlations. Both phases showed that for a change of 0.01 Å, the vibrational mode shifted 10 ± 2 cm^-1. These results are promising for using Raman spectroscopy to track in situ reactions under a wide variety of conditions, especially during crystallization.

Multi-Mode Color-Tunable Long Persistent Luminescence in Single-Component Coordination Polymers

Materials with tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL) properties have wide applications in security signs, anti-counterfeiting, data encrypting, and other fields. However, the majority of reported tunable LPL materials are pure organic molecules or polymers. Herein, a series of metal-organic coordination polymers displaying color-tunable LPL were synthesized by the self-assembly of HTzPTpy ligand with different cadmium halides (X=Cl, Br, and I). In the solid state, their LPL emission colors can be tuned by the time-evolution, as well as excitation and temperature variation, realizing multi-mode dynamic color tuning from green to yellow or green to red, and are the first such examples in single-component coordination polymer materials. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the modification of LPL is due to the balanced action from single molecule and aggregate triplet excited states caused by an external heavy-atom effect. The results show that the rational introduction of different halide anions into coordination polymers can realize multi-color LPL.

Study of a color-tunable long afterglow phosphor Gd1.5Y1.5Ga3Al2O12:Tb3+: luminescence properties and mechanism

Long afterglow phosphors play a significant role in practical applications. However, due to their complex electronic structures, it is difficult to obtain tunable long afterglow phosphors. Herein, a novel long afterglow phosphor, Gd1.5Y1.5Ga3Al2O12:Tb3+, was successfully synthesized. Its detailed structural information was extracted via the Rietveld method, and its corresponding optical properties were further systematically explored via photoluminescence (PL), phosphorescence and thermoluminescence (TL) spectroscopy. Both the photoluminescence and long afterglow properties showed tunable behavior with a variation in the concentration of Tb3+. The investigation of the tunability of its photoluminescence and long afterglow properties revealed that the cross-relaxation energy transfer mechanism contributes to its tunable character. Meanwhile, long-lasting phosphorescence could be observed for a few hours by the naked eye in a dark environment after discontinuing the UV irradiation. Due to the potential existence of the photo-excited (Tb3+)+, the defect clusters were proposed, with oxygen vacancies acting as electron trapping centers and (Tb3+)+ attracting holes. Finally, an appropriate mechanism for the tunable long afterglow emission was proposed.

Enhanced Long Persistent Luminescence by Multifold Interpenetration in Metal-Organic Frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with long persistent luminescence (LPL) have attracted widespread attention due to potential applications in displays, anticounterfeiting, and so on. However, MOFs often have large pore size, which restricts the formation of efficient inter- and intramolecular interactions to realize LPL. Herein, a new approach to achieving LPL in MOFs by multifold interpenetration of discrete frameworks is reported. By comparison between threefold- and twofold-interpenetrating MOFs, it was found that the former, which have higher multiplicity and denser frameworks, can be endowed with enhanced inter- and intramolecular interactions, and thus enhanced LPL is obtained. Meanwhile, metal-cluster and heavy-halogen effects could also cause variations in LPL duration and color.

Multicolor luminescence and triple-mode emission of simple CaTiO3:Pr3+,Er3+ particles for advanced anti-counterfeiting

The multilevel anticounterfeiting QR code readily integrates the advantages of excitation wavelength-dependent PL emissions, a strong red afterglow and sensitive excitation power-dependent UCL emissions in one overall device.

Combining experiment and computation to elucidate the optical properties of Ce3+ in Ba5Si8O21

A comprehensive study of a new and complex inorganic silicon-based luminescent material through computational and experimental methods.

Preparation and Luminescence Properties of Ba₅Si₈O21 Long Persistent Phosphors Doped with Rare-Earth Elements

The phosphors of formula Ba₅Si₈O₂₁:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ were synthesized and studied in order to improve their properties. Their synthesis conditions were evaluated as a function of precursors, crucible composition, flux agents, dopants and temperatures. The samples were characterised by means of a systematic investigation through elemental, kinetic, mineralogical (both qualitative and quantitative), and morphological analysis. This study allows for a careful evaluation of the parameters that influence the formation and properties of Ba₅Si₈O₂₁:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ phosphors. As for the synthesis conditions, the use of Na₂SiO₃, BaCO₃ and NH₄Cl as precursors was very important to reduce the temperature and time of synthesis. The reducing atmosphere produced with purified coal was cheaper and gave results similar to the more traditional gas mixture (H₂/N₂). At the end of this study, a phosphor with improved long persistent phosphorescence (LPP) characteristics was obtained with Ba/Si = 0.7, Eu/Si = 2.8 × 10⁻³ and Dy/Si = 3.6 × 10⁻³ following a 6 h-synthesis in a quartz crucible.

Lanthanide phosphate (LnPO4 ) rods as bio-probes: A systematic investigation on structural, optical, magnetic, and biological characteristics

The proposed work involves an exclusive study on the synthesis protocol, crystal structure analysis, and imaging contrast features of unique lanthanide phosphates (LnPO₄ ). XRD and Raman spectra affirmed the ability of the proposed synthesis technique to achieve unique LnPO₄ devoid of impurities. The crystal structure analysis confirms the P121/c1 space setting of NdPO₄ , EuPO₄ , GdPO₄ , and TbPO₄ that all uniformly crystallizes in monoclinic unit cell. In a similar manner, the tetragonal crystal setting of DyPO₄ , ErPO₄ , HoPO₄ , and YbPO₄ that unvaryingly possess the I41/amd space setting is confirmed. Under the same synthesis conditions, the monoclinic (Eu) and tetragonal (Ho) lanthanide phosphates displayed uniform rod-like morphologies. Absorption and luminescence properties of unique LnPO₄ were determined. In vitro biological studies demonstrated low toxicity levels of LnPO₄ and clearly distinguished fluorescence of TbPO₄ and EuPO₄ in Y79, retinoblastoma cell lines. The paramagnetic response of GdPO₄ , NdPO₄ , DyPO₄ , TbPO₄ , and HoPO₄ facilitated excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast features. Meanwhile, GdPO₄ , DyPO₄ , HoPO₄ , and YbPO₄ possessing higher X-ray absorption coefficient than clinical contrast Omnipaque™ exhibited high computed tomography (CT) efficiency. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1372-1383, 2019.

Design, synthesis and characterization of a novel bluish-green long-lasting phosphorescence phosphor BaLu2Si3O10:Eu2+, Nd3+

A newly proposed bluish-green emitting long-lasting phosphor, BaLu₂Si₃O₁₀:Eu²⁺, Nd³⁺, with prominent LLP properties is successfully achieved via a high temperature solid state method.

Persistent Luminescence Hole-Type Materials by Design: Transition-Metal-Doped Carbon Allotrope and Carbides

Electron traps play a crucial role in a wide variety of compounds of persistent luminescence (PL) materials. However, little attention has been placed on the hole-trap-type PL materials. In this study, a novel hole-dominated persistent luminescence (PL) mechanism is predicted. The mechanism is validated in the night pearl diamond (NPD) composed of lonsdaleite with ultralong persistent luminescence (PL) (more than 72 h). The computed band structures suggest that the Fe ion dopant in lonsdaleite is responsible for the luminescence of NPD due to the desired defect levels within the band gap for electronic transition. Other possible impurity defects in lonsdaleite, such as K, Ca, Mg, Zn, or Tl dopants, or C vacancy can also serve as the hole-trap centers to enhance the PL. Among other 3d transition-metal-ion dopants considered, Cr and Mn ions are predicted to give rise to PL property. The predicted PL mechanism via transition-metal doping of lonsdaleite offers an exciting opportunity for engineering new PL materials by design.

Luminescence properties of Eu2+-doped BaSi2O5 as an efficient green phosphor for light-emitting devices and wide color gamut field emission displays

A green-emitting BaSi₂O₅:Eu²⁺ phosphor for white light emitting diodes and field emission displays.

Photoluminescence and afterglow of deep red emitting SrSc2O4:Eu2+

This work deals with the photoluminescence as well as the persistent luminescence of SrSc₂O₄:Eu²⁺ and SrSc₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺. Therefore, photoluminescence spectra were recorded and fluorescence lifetime measurements were performed.

Cyan long lasting phosphorescence in green emitting phosphors Ba2Gd2Si4O13:Eu2+, RE3+ (RE3+ = Dy3+, Ho3+, Tm3+, Nd3+ and Tb3+)

Novel long lasting phosphorescence materials Ba₂Gd₂Si₄O₁₃:Eu²⁺, RE³⁺ (RE³⁺ = Dy³⁺, Ho³⁺, Tm³⁺, Nd³⁺ and Tb³⁺) are designed and prepared by a solid state reaction.

Long persistent composite phosphor CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+/Y3Al5O12:Ce3+: a novel strategy to tune the colors of persistent luminescence

The design and characterization of a novel color tunable long persistent composite phosphor through radiative energy transfer.

Enhancement of yellow persistent luminescence in Eu2+-doped β-Ba3P4O13 phosphor by Ga3+ codoping

Codoping non-rare earth Ga³⁺ enhance yellow persistent luminescence of β-Ba₃P₄O₁₃:Eu²⁺ phosphor.

Long persistent phosphors—from fundamentals to applications

We present multidisciplinary research on synthetic methods, afterglow mechanisms, characterization techniques, material kinds, and applications of long persistent phosphors.

The persistent energy transfer of Eu2+ and Dy3+ and luminescence properties of a new cyan afterglow phosphor α-Ca3(PO4)2:Eu2+,Dy3+

The trapping/detrapping processes and persistent energy transfer in a new cyan afterglow phosphor α-Ca₃(PO₄)₂:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺.

Design, synthesis and characterization of near-infrared long persistent phosphors Ca4(PO4)2O:Eu2+,R3+ (R = Lu, La, Gd, Ce, Tm, Y)

Eu²⁺-activated phosphate NIR long persistent phosphors.

A persistent luminescence microsphere-based probe for convenient imaging analysis of dopamine

SrMgSi₂O₆:Eu_0.01,Dy_0.02 persistent luminescence microspheres have been synthesized via a simple template method and a new probe was established based on turn-off of the persistent luminescence emission for detection and optical imaging of dopamine.

Structure, luminescence properties and energy transfer behavior of color-adjustable Sr3Gd2(Si3O9)2:Ce3+, Tb3+/Mn2+ phosphors

A series of SGSO:Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺/Mn²⁺ phosphors were synthesized via a solid-state reaction. The emission colors can modulate from blue to green and near white due to energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺ or Mn²⁺, which can serve as UV-convertible phosphors.