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Interligand Charge-Transfer Processes in Zinc Complexes. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes are characterized by charge-transfer (CT) processes between electron-rich and electron-poor counterparts, typically resulting in a new absorption band at a higher wavelength. In this paper, we report a series of novel 2,6-di(imino)pyridine ligands with different electron-rich aromatic substituents and their 1:2 (metal/ligand) complexes with zinc(II) in which the formation of a CT species is promoted by the metal ion coordination. The absorption properties of these complexes were studied, showing the presence of a CT absorption band only in the case of aromatic substituents with donor groups. The nature of EDA interaction was confirmed by crystallographic studies, which disclose the electron-poor and electron-rich moieties involved in the CT process. These moieties mutually belong to both the ligands and are forced into a favorable spatial arrangement by the coordinative preferences of the metal ion.
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Zhao X, Wang H, Li B, Zheng B, Yang D, Xu W, Li X, Yang XJ, Wu B. Narcissistic self-sorting in anion-coordination-driven assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6078-6081. [PMID: 34036998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01652k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three tris-bis(urea) ligands with triphenylamine-based C3-symmetric spacers were synthesized, which assembled with sulfate or phosphate to form anionic A3L2 pinwheel helices (A = anion and L = ligand) and A4L4 tetrahedra, respectively. Interestingly, narcissistic self-sorting was observed in both structures from the mixture of the ligands, wherein each assembly contains only one type of ligand with no detectable mixed-ligand product as confirmed by the NMR and MS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Zhang Y, Barboiu M. Ligand Mediated Metal Cations Exchanges within Metallo-Dynameric Solid Films. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1345-1349. [PMID: 31741819 PMCID: PMC6848901 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynameric solid films may be generated via the adequate imine-bond connection between bis(pyridine-2,6-diimine) core centres, coordinated with different metal cations and diaminoPEG connectors. The adequate selection of metal cations leads to cross-linked metallo-dynameric films, allowing the fine modulation of their colour and mechanical property. The coordination of the metal cations and bis(pyridine-2,6-diimine), results in the formation of interlocked structures, leading to the most probably formation of interweaved structures with better mechanical properties than those formed in the absence of the metallic cations. Removal and addition of metal cations from solid films can be achieved via tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) complexing agent, which strongly binds the metal cations, followed by subsequent insertion of other metallic cations. It allows a ligand-modulated dynamic release of the metal cations from the solid films, together with colour transfer and change of mechanical strength at the interfaces between various solid films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxi214122
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems GroupUniversity of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRSPlace Eugène Bataillon, CC 047F-34095MontpellierFrance
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Wang DP, Lai JC, Lai HY, Mo SR, Zeng KY, Li CH, Zuo JL. Distinct Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties in Two Polydimethylsiloxane Coordination Polymers with Fine-Tuned Bond Strength. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3232-3242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ying Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Ran Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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García F, Pelss J, Zuilhof H, Smulders MMJ. Multi-responsive coordination polymers utilising metal-stabilised, dynamic covalent imine bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:9059-62. [PMID: 26879208 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report how the combination of dynamic covalent imine bonds and coordination bonds in a single polymer material not only imparts enhanced stability to the final polymer, but also allows the material to be sensitive to a range of stimuli, offering more fine-grained control over its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima García
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janis Pelss
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands. and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Kovaříček P, Meister AC, Flídrová K, Cabot R, Kovaříčková K, Lehn JM. Competition-driven selection in covalent dynamic networks and implementation in organic reactional selectivity. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3215-3226. [PMID: 29997813 PMCID: PMC6005339 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition among reagents in dynamic combinatorial libraries of increased complexity leads to reactional self-sorting. This fundamental principle allowed development of selective dynamic protecting groups for controlled sequential derivatization of polyamines.
Competition among reagents in dynamic combinatorial libraries of increased complexity leads to reactional self-sorting (improved regioselectivity) in mixtures of aldehydes and oligoamines. High selectivity of a given library component is transferred to a different reacting component of low selectivity through a network of underlying equilibrating reactions which provide component exchange between all species. The selectivity of various carbonyl compounds in reactions with amines was also assessed towards the formation of defined sequences of residues along oligoamine chains. The approach was further exploited for defining selective dynamic protecting groups (DPGs), based on the reversible linkage between the substrate and the protecting group. They represent an intermediate approach between the conventional protecting groups and the protecting-group-free approach in organic synthesis. Removal of the protecting group is effected via dynamic exchange trapping by formation of a more stable product. The establishment of equilibrium eliminates the need for isolation and purification of the dynamically protected intermediate(s) and enables as well the selective sequential derivatisation of oligoamines. The DPG concept can be generalised to other reversible reactions and can thus represent a valuable alternative in the design of total synthesis of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kovaříček
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| | - A C Meister
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| | - K Flídrová
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| | - R Cabot
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| | - K Kovaříčková
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| | - J-M Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
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Kao HC, Wang YC, Wang WJ. Syntheses and crystal structures of two self-assembled dizinc(II) helicates with novel hydrazone linked polypyridyl ligands. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schaufelberger F, Hu L, Ramström O. trans-Symmetric Dynamic Covalent Systems: Connected Transamination and Transimination Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:9776-83. [PMID: 26044061 PMCID: PMC4517097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of chemical transaminations as a new type of dynamic covalent reaction is described. The key 1,3-proton shift is under complete catalytic control and can be conducted orthogonally to, or simultaneous with, transimination in the presence of an amine to rapidly yield two-dimensional dynamic systems with a high degree of complexity evolution. The transamination-transimination systems are proven to be fully reversible, stable over several days, compatible with a range of functional groups, and highly tunable. Kinetic studies show transamination to be the rate-limiting reaction in the network. Furthermore, it was discovered that readily available quinuclidine is a highly potent catalyst for aldimine transaminations. This study demonstrates how connected dynamic reactions give rise to significantly larger systems than the unconnected counterparts, and shows how reversible isomerizations can be utilized as an effective diversity-generating element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schaufelberger
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden) E-mail:
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Acharyya K, Mukherjee PS. Shape and size directed self-selection in organic cage formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4241-4. [PMID: 25670238 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The selective formation of a single isomer of a [3+2] self-assembled organic cage from a reaction mixture of an unsymmetrical aldehyde and a flexible amine is discussed. The experimental and theoretical findings suggest that in such a process, the geometric features of the aldehyde play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Acharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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11
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Lehn JM. Perspectives in chemistry--aspects of adaptive chemistry and materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3276-89. [PMID: 25582911 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry, pure and applied, is a science and an industry. By its power over the expressions of matter, it also displays the creativity of art. It has expanded from molecular to supramolecular chemistry and then, by way of constitutional dynamic chemistry, towards adaptive chemistry. Constitutional dynamics allow for adaptation, through component exchange and selection in response to physical stimuli (e.g. light, photoselection), to chemical effectors (e.g. metal ions, metalloselection) or to environmental effects (e.g. phase change) in equilibrium or out-of-equilibrium conditions, towards the generation of the best-adapted/fittest constituent(s) in a dynamic set. Such dynamic systems can be represented by two-dimensional or three-dimensional dynamic networks that define the agonistic and antagonistic relationships between the different constituents linked through component exchange. The introduction of constitutional dynamics into materials science opens perspectives towards adaptive materials and technologies, presenting attractive behavioral features (such as self-healing). In particular, dynamic polymers may undergo modification of their properties (mechanical, optical, etc.) through component exchange and recombination in response to physical or chemical agents. Constitutional adaptive materials open towards a systems materials science and offer numerous opportunities for soft-matter technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Lehn
- ISIS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, 8, allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg (France).
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12
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Lehn JM. Perspektiven der Chemie - Aspekte adaptiver Chemie und adaptiver Materialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Design of bisquinolinyl malonamides as Zn2+ ion-selective fluoroionophores based on the substituent effect. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vantomme G, Jiang S, Lehn JM. Adaptation in Constitutional Dynamic Libraries and Networks, Switching between Orthogonal Metalloselection and Photoselection Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9509-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504813r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Vantomme
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire,
Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Shimei Jiang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire,
Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire,
Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Gütz C, Hovorka R, Stobe C, Struch N, Topić F, Schnakenburg G, Rissanen K, Lützen A. Self-Sorting Effects in the Self-Assembly of Metallosupramolecular Rhombi from Chiral BINOL-Derived Bis(pyridine) Ligands. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Marin L, Harabagiu V, Lee AVD, Arvinte A, Barboiu M. Structure-directed functional properties of symmetrical and unsymmetrical Br-substituted Schiff-bases. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang WJ, Wang YC, Kao HC. Syntheses, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Self-Assembling Dinickel(II) Helicate with Novel Bipyridine Ligand. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gilles A, Mihai S, Nasr G, Mahon E, Garai S, Müller A, Barboiu M. Highly Selective Li
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Ion Transport by Porous Molybdenum‐Oxide Keplerate‐Type Nanocapsules Integrated in a Supported Liquid Membrane. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gilles
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes ‐ENSCM/UM2/CNRS 5635, IEM/UM II, CC 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5 (France) fax: +33‐467‐14‐91‐19
| | - Simona Mihai
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes ‐ENSCM/UM2/CNRS 5635, IEM/UM II, CC 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5 (France) fax: +33‐467‐14‐91‐19
| | - Gihane Nasr
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes ‐ENSCM/UM2/CNRS 5635, IEM/UM II, CC 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5 (France) fax: +33‐467‐14‐91‐19
| | - Eugene Mahon
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes ‐ENSCM/UM2/CNRS 5635, IEM/UM II, CC 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5 (France) fax: +33‐467‐14‐91‐19
| | - Somenath Garai
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Achim Müller
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes ‐ENSCM/UM2/CNRS 5635, IEM/UM II, CC 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5 (France) fax: +33‐467‐14‐91‐19
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Aqueous self-sorting in extended supramolecular aggregates. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1541-65. [PMID: 23344056 PMCID: PMC3565334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organization and self-sorting processes are responsible for the regulation and control of the vast majority of biological processes that eventually sustain life on our planet. Attempts to unveil the complexity of these systems have been devoted to the investigation of the binding processes between artificial molecules, complexes or aggregates within multicomponent mixtures, which has facilitated the emergence of the field of self-sorting in the last decade. Since, artificial systems involving discrete supramolecular structures, extended supramolecular aggregates or gel-phase materials in organic solvents or—to a lesser extent—in water have been investigated. In this review, we have collected diverse strategies employed in recent years to construct extended supramolecular aggregates in water upon self-sorting of small synthetic molecules. We have made particular emphasis on co-assembly processes in binary mixtures leading to supramolecular structures of remarkable complexity and the influence of different external variables such as solvent and concentration to direct recognition or discrimination processes between these species. The comprehension of such recognition phenomena will be crucial for the organization and evolution of complex matter.
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Saha ML, De S, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Orthogonality in discrete self-assembly – survey of current concepts. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6860-909. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Saha ML, Mahata K, Samanta D, Kalsani V, Fan J, Bats JW, Schmittel M. A phenanthroline–terpyridine hybrid as a chameleon-type ligand in a reversible metallosupramolecular rearrangement. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:12840-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moulin E, Niess F, Fuks G, Jouault N, Buhler E, Giuseppone N. Light-triggered self-assembly of triarylamine-based nanospheres. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6748-6751. [PMID: 22996153 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tailored triarylamine units modified with terpyridine ligands were coordinated to Zn(2+) ions and characterized as discrete dimeric entities. Interestingly, when these complexes were subsequently irradiated with simple visible light in chloroform, they readily self-assembled into monodisperse spheres with a mean diameter of 160 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Moulin
- SAMS research group - University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Phillips HIA, Chernikov AV, Fletcher NC, Ashcroft AE, Ault JR, Filby MH, Wilson AJ. The use of electrospray mass spectrometry to determine speciation in a dynamic combinatorial library for anion recognition. Chemistry 2012; 18:13733-42. [PMID: 22996943 PMCID: PMC3569615 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The composition of a dynamic mixture of similar 2,2'-bipyridine complexes of iron(II) bearing either an amide (5-benzylamido-2,2'-bipyridine and 5-(2-methoxyethane)amido-2,2'-bipyridine) or an ester (2,2'-bipyridine-5-carboxylic acid benzylester and 2,2'-bipyridine-5-carboxylic acid 2-methoxyethane ester) side chain have been evaluated by electrospray mass spectroscopy in acetonitrile. The time taken for the complexes to come to equilibrium appears to be dependent on the counteranion, with chloride causing a rapid redistribution of two preformed heteroleptic complexes (of the order of 1 hour), whereas the time it takes in the presence of tetrafluoroborate salts is in excess of 24 h. Similarly the final distribution of products is dependent on the anion present, with the presence of chloride, and to a lesser extent bromide, preferring three amide-functionalized ligands, and a slight preference for an appended benzyl over a methoxyethyl group. Furthermore, for the first time, this study shows that the distribution of a dynamic library of metal complexes monitored by ESI-MS can adapt following the introduction of a different anion, in this case tetrabutylammonium chloride to give the most favoured heteroleptic complex despite the increasing ionic strength of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel I A Phillips
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University BelfastStranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Aleksey V Chernikov
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University BelfastStranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Nicholas C Fletcher
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University BelfastStranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Alison E Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds InstitutionWoodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT (UK)
| | - James R Ault
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds InstitutionWoodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT (UK)
| | - Maria H Filby
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds InstitutionWoodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT (UK)
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds InstitutionWoodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT (UK)
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds InstitutionWoodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT (UK)
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Kao HC, Wang YC, Wang WJ. Syntheses, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Self-assembling Dicopper(II) Helicate with Novel Bipyridine Ligand. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Lal Saha M, Schmittel M. Degree of molecular self-sorting in multicomponent systems. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4651-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Safont-Sempere MM, Fernández G, Würthner F. Self-sorting phenomena in complex supramolecular systems. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5784-814. [PMID: 21846150 DOI: 10.1021/cr100357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Safont-Sempere
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Brusilowskij B, Dzyuba EV, Troff RW, Schalley CA. Thermodynamically controlled self-sorting of hetero-bimetallic metallo-supramolecular macrocycles: what a difference a methylene group makes! Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1830-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04476h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Brusilowskij B, Dzyuba EV, Troff RW, Schalley CA. Effects of subtle differences in ligand constitution and conformation in metallo-supramolecular self-assembled polygons. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12089-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Moulin E, Giuseppone N. Dynamic Combinatorial Self-Replicating Systems. CONSTITUTIONAL DYNAMIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 322:87-105. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Barboiu M. Multistate and Phase Change Selection in Constitutional Multivalent Systems. CONSTITUTIONAL DYNAMIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 322:33-53. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Brusilowskij B, Schalley CA. Multidentate Pyridyl-Based Ligands in the Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Palladium Metallo-Macrocycles. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Caraballo R, Dong H, Ribeiro JP, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ramström O. Direct STD NMR identification of beta-galactosidase inhibitors from a virtual dynamic hemithioacetal system. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:589-93. [PMID: 20013972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Caraballo
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Mahata K, Schmittel M. From 2-fold completive to integrative self-sorting: a five-component supramolecular trapezoid. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:16544-54. [PMID: 19860466 DOI: 10.1021/ja907185k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amalgamation of two incomplete self-sorting processes into a process that makes quantitative use of all members of the library is described by 2-fold completive self-sorting. Toward this goal, individual metal-ligand binding scenarios were optimized for high thermodynamic stability and best selectivity, by screening a variety of factors, such as steric and electronic effects, pi-pi interactions, and metal-ion specifics. Using optimized, heteroleptic metal-ligand binding motifs, a library of four different ligands (1, 2, 3, 4) and two different metal ions (Zn(2+), Cu(+)) was set up to assess 2-fold completive self-sorting. Out of 20 different combinations, the self-sorting library ended up with only two metal-ligand complexes in basically quantitative yield. To demonstrate the value of 2-fold completive self-sorting for the formation of nanostructures, the optimized, highly selective binding motifs were implemented into three polyfunctional ligands. Their integrative self-sorting in the presence of Zn(2+) and Cu(+) led to the clean formation of the supramolecular trapezoid T, a simple but still unknown supramolecular architecture. The dynamic trapezoid T consists of three different ligands with four different donor-acceptor interactions. Its structure was established by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and by exclusion of alternative structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsuk Mahata
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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34
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Caraballo RÃ, Dong H, Ribeiro J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ramström O. Direct STDâ
NMR Identification of β-Galactosidase Inhibitors from a Virtual Dynamic Hemithioacetal System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Mihai S, Le Duc Y, Cot D, Barboiu M. Sol–gel selection of hybrid G-quadruplex architectures from dynamic supramolecular guanosine libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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36
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Mahon E, Aastrup T, Barboiu M. Multivalent recognition of lectins by glyconanoparticle systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5491-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c002652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Barboiu M. Dynamic interactive systems: dynamic selection in hybrid organic–inorganic constitutional networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7466-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Wu JJ, Cao ML, Ye BH. Spontaneous chiral resolution of mer-[CoII(N,N,O-L3)2] enantiomers mediated by π–π interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3687-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c002167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Vongvilai P, Ramström O. Dynamic asymmetric multicomponent resolution: lipase-mediated amidation of a double dynamic covalent system. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14419-25. [PMID: 19807186 DOI: 10.1021/ja9052015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Strecker reaction is one of the most important multicomponent reactions developed, leading to alpha-aminonitriles that are versatile substrates for many synthetic applications. In the present study, this reaction type has been applied to a double dynamic covalent resolution protocol, leading to efficient C-C- and C-N-bond generation as well as chiral discrimination. The combination of transimination with imine-cyanation enabled the dynamic exchange in more than one direction around a single stereogenic center of restricted structure. This multiple exchange process could generate a vast range of compounds from a low number of starting materials in very short time. The resulting double dynamic covalent systems, created under thermodynamic control, were subsequently coupled in a one-pot process with kinetically controlled lipase-mediated transacylation. This resulted in complete resolution of the dynamic systems, yielding the optimal N-acyl-alpha-aminonitriles for the enzyme, where the individual chemoenzymatic reactions could produce enantiomerically pure acylated N-substituted alpha-aminonitriles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornrapee Vongvilai
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Nasr G, Petit E, Supuran CT, Winum JY, Barboiu M. Carbonic anhydrase II-induced selection of inhibitors from a dynamic combinatorial library of Schiff’s bases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6014-7. [PMID: 19796939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Northrop BH, Zheng YR, Chi KW, Stang PJ. Self-organization in coordination-driven self-assembly. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:1554-63. [PMID: 19555073 DOI: 10.1021/ar900077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly allows for the preparation of highly complex molecular and supramolecular systems from relatively simple starting materials. Typically, self-assembled supramolecules are constructed by combining complementary pairs of two highly symmetric molecular components, thus limiting the chances of forming unwanted side products. Combining asymmetric molecular components or multiple complementary sets of molecules in one complex mixture can produce myriad different ordered and disordered supramolecular assemblies. Alternatively, spontaneous self-organization phenomena can promote the formation of specific product(s) out of a collection of multiple possibilities. Self-organization processes are common throughout much of nature and are especially common in biological systems. Recently, researchers have studied self-organized self-assembly in purely synthetic systems. This Account describes our investigations of self-organization in the coordination-driven self-assembly of platinum(II)-based metallosupramolecules. The modularity of the coordination-driven approach to self-assembly has allowed us to systematically study a wide variety of different factors that can control the extent of supramolecular self-organization. In particular, we have evaluated the effects of the symmetry and polarity of ambidentate donor subunits, differences in geometrical parameters (e.g., the size, angularity, and dimensionality) of Pt(II)-based acceptors and organic donors, the influence of temperature and solvent, and the effects of intermolecular steric interactions and hydrophobic interactions on self-organization. Our studies have shown that the extent of self-organization in the coordination-driven self-assembly of both 2D polygons and 3D polyhedra ranges from no organization (a statistical mixture of multiple products) to amplified organization (wherein a particular product or products are favored over others) and all the way to the absolute self-organization of discrete supramolecular assemblies. In many cases, inputs such as dipolar interactions, steric interactions, and differences in the geometric parameters of subunits, used either alone or as multiple factors simultaneously, can achieve absolute self-organization of discrete supramolecules. We have also observed instances where self-organization is not absolute and varies in its deviation from statistical results. Steric interactions are particularly useful control factors for driving such amplified self-organization because they can be subtly tuned through small structural variations. Having the ability to fully understand and control the self-organization of complex mixtures into specific synthetic supramolecules can provide a better understanding of analogous processes in biological systems. Furthermore, self-organization may allow for the facile synthesis of complex multifunctional, multicomponent systems from simply mixing a collection of much simpler, judiciously designed individual molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Northrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Ki-Whan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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42
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Tomimasu N, Kanaya A, Takashima Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Social Self-Sorting: Alternating Supramolecular Oligomer Consisting of Isomers. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12339-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903988c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tomimasu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Kanaya
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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43
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Nasr G, Petit E, Vullo D, Winum JY, Supuran CT, Barboiu M. Carbonic Anhydrase-Encoded Dynamic Constitutional Libraries: Toward the Discovery of Isozyme-Specific Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4853-9. [PMID: 19580287 DOI: 10.1021/jm900449v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gihane Nasr
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Eddy Petit
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS-UM1-UM2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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44
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Ulrich S, Lehn JM. Adaptation and Optical Signal Generation in a Constitutional Dynamic Network. Chemistry 2009; 15:5640-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Zheng YR, Northrop BH, Yang HB, Zhao L, Stang PJ. Geometry directed self-selection in the coordination-driven self-assembly of irregular supramolecular polygons. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3554-7. [PMID: 19348444 PMCID: PMC2674759 DOI: 10.1021/jo9002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of irregular metallo-supramolecular hexagons and parallelograms has been achieved in a self-selective manner upon mixing 120 degrees unsymmetrical dipyridyl ligands with 60 degrees or 120 degrees organoplatinum acceptors in a 1:1 ratio. The polygons have been characterized using (31)P and (1)H multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as well as X-ray crystallography. Geometric features of the molecular subunits direct the self-selection process, which is supported by molecular force field computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
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46
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Dynamic hybrid materials for constitutional self-instructed membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8117-22. [PMID: 19416909 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0813257106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutional self-instructed membranes were developed and used for mimicking the adaptive structural functionality of natural ion-channel systems. These membranes are based on dynamic hybrid materials in which the functional self-organized macrocycles are reversibly connected with the inorganic silica through hydrophobic noncovalent interactions. Supramolecular columnar ion-channel architectures can be generated by reversible confinement within scaffolding hydrophobic silica mesopores. They can be structurally determined by using X-ray diffraction and morphologically tuned by alkali-salts templating. From the conceptual point of view, these membranes express a synergistic adaptive behavior: the simultaneous binding of the fittest cation and its anion would be a case of "homotropic allosteric interactions," because in time it increases the transport efficiency of the pore-contained superstructures by a selective evolving process toward the fittest ion channel. The hybrid membranes presented here represent dynamic constitutional systems evolving over time to form the fittest ion channels from a library of molecular and supramolecular components, or selecting the fittest ion pairs from a mixture of salts demonstrating flexible adaptation.
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47
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Bar AK, Chakrabarty R, Chi KW, Batten SR, Mukherjee PS. Synthesis and characterisation of heterometallic molecular triangles using ambidentate linker: self-selection of a single linkage isomer. Dalton Trans 2009:3222-9. [PMID: 19421624 DOI: 10.1039/b900118b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination driven self-assembly of discrete molecular triangles from a non-symmetric ambidentate linker 5-pyrimidinecarboxylate (5-pmc) and Pd(II)/Pt(II) based 90 degrees acceptors is presented. Despite the possibility of formation of a mixture of isomeric macrocycles (linkage isomers) due to different connectivity of the ambidentate linker, formation of a single and symmetrical linkage isomer in both the cases is an interesting observation. Moreover, the reported macrocycles represent the first example of discrete metallamacrocycles of bridging 5-pmc. While solution composition in both the cases was characterised by multinuclear NMR study and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), the identity of the assemblies in the solid state was established by X-ray single crystals structure analysis. Variable temperature NMR study clearly ruled out the formation of any other macrocycles by [4 + 4] or [2 + 2] self-assembly of the reacting components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Bar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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48
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Ulrich S, Lehn JM. Adaptation to Shape Switching by Component Selection in a Constitutional Dynamic System. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5546-59. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg, France
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49
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Dumitru F, Legrand YM, Van der Lee A, Barboiu M. Constitutional self-sorting of homochiral supramolecular helical single crystals from achiral components. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2667-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b822619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Northrop BH, Yang HB, Stang PJ. Second-order self-organization in coordination-driven self-assembly: exploring the limits of self-selection. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11257-68. [PMID: 18980302 PMCID: PMC2650397 DOI: 10.1021/ic801711q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-organization during the self-assembly of a series of functionalized bispyridyl organic donors with complementary di-Pt(II) acceptors into supramolecular rhomboids and rectangles is explored. The connectivity and location of functional groups on the organic donors ensures that they do not interfere sterically or electronically with their respective binding sites. Carefully controlled reaction conditions are employed so that the only means of self-organization during self-assembly is through "second-order" effects arising from the distal functional groups themselves. With the selection of functionalized systems studied, the extent of second-order self-organization varies from essentially zero to quite pronounced.
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