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Dankert F, Hering-Junghans C. Heavier group 13/15 multiple bond systems: synthesis, structure and chemical bond activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1242-1262. [PMID: 35014640 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heavier group 13/15 multiple bonds have been under investigation since the late 80s and to date, several examples have been published, which shows the obsoleteness of the so-called double bond rule. Especially in the last few years, more and more group 13/15 multiple bonds became synthetically feasible and their application in terms of small molecule activation has been demonstrated. Our group has recently shown that the combination of the pnictinidene precursor DipTer-Pn(PMe3) (Pn = P, As) in combination with Al(I) synthons afforded the first examples of phospha- and arsaalumenes as isolable and thermally robust compounds. This feature article is intended to show the recent developments in the field, to outline early synthetic approaches and to discuss strategies to unlock the synthetic potential of these elusive chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dankert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - C Hering-Junghans
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Queen J, Irvankoski S, Fettinger JC, Tuononen HM, Power PP. A Monomeric Aluminum Imide (Iminoalane) with Al-N Triple-Bonding: Bonding Analysis and Dispersion Energy Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6351-6356. [PMID: 33882237 PMCID: PMC8154528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of :AlAriPr8 (AriPr8 = C6H-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)2-3,5-iPr2) with ArMe6N3 (ArMe6 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-Me3)2) in hexanes at ambient temperature gave the aluminum imide AriPr8AlNArMe6 (1). Its crystal structure displayed short Al-N distances of 1.625(4) and 1.628(3) Å with linear (C-Al-N-C = 180°) or almost linear (C-Al-N = 172.4(2)°; Al-N-C = 172.5(3)°) geometries. DFT calculations confirm linear geometry with an Al-N distance of 1.635 Å. According to energy decomposition analysis, the Al-N bond has three orbital components totaling -1350 kJ mol-1 and instantaneous interaction energy of -551 kJ mol-1 with respect to :AlAriPr8 and ArMe6N̈:. Dispersion accounts for -89 kJ mol-1, which is similar in strength to one Al-N π-interaction. The electronic spectrum has an intense transition at 290 nm which tails into the visible region. In the IR spectrum, the Al-N stretching band is calculated to appear at ca. 1100 cm-1. In contrast, reaction of :AlAriPr8 with 1-AdN3 or Me3SiN3 gave transient imides that immediately reacted with a second equivalent of the azide to give AriPr8Al[(NAd)2N2] (2) or AriPr8Al(N3){N(SiMe3)2} (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
D. Queen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis California, 95616, United States
| | - Sini Irvankoski
- Department
of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis California, 95616, United States
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department
of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis California, 95616, United States
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Timoshkin AY, Schaefer HF. The road to 13-15 nano structures: structures and energetics of (MYH(2))(4) tetramers (M = B, Al, Ga; Y = N, P, As). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:516-25. [PMID: 19842651 DOI: 10.1021/jp907410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A(III)B(V) compounds are important for the development of advanced ceramic semiconductor and nanoelectronic materials, solar cell elements, and light-emitting diodes. A series of these group 13-15 compounds of the general formula M(4)Y(4)H(8) (M = B, Al, Ga; Y = N, P, As) has been theoretically studied at the B3LYP/TZVP level of theory. The stability of different isomer structures is discussed to reveal the competitiveness of group 13-13, group 13-15, and group 15-15 bonding. Preferential bonding patterns are established, and trends in the stability with respect to M and Y are also discussed. New structural types, featuring perfectly planar M(4) and Y(4) rings, have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, University Pr. 26, Old Peterhof, 198504 Russia.
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Bailey JM, Check CE, Gilbert TM. Computational Studies of Pericyclic Reactions between Aminoalanes and Ethyne, Ethene, and Dienes. A Reactive Aminoalane That Should Prefer [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] Cyclizations to Dimerization. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om800515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Catherine E. Check
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Thomas M. Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
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Timoshkin AY, Schaefer HF. Theoretical Studies of [MYR2] n Isomers (M = B, Al, Ga; Y = N, P, As; R = H, CH3): Structures and Energetics of Monomeric and Dimeric Compounds (n = 1, 2). J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:13180-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801799f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, University Pr. 26, Old Peterhof, 198504, Russia
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Schulz S, Thomas F, Priesmann WM, Nieger M. Syntheses and X-ray Structures of Base-Stabilized Iminoalanes. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0509286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Priesmann
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Himmel HJ. Calculated Enthalpies for Dimerisation of Binary, Unsaturated, Main-Group Element Hydrides as a Means to Analyse Their Potential for Multiple Bonding. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Downs AJ, Himmel HJ, Manceron L. Low valent and would-be multiply bonded derivatives of the Group 13 metals Al, Ga and In revealed through matrix isolation. Polyhedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(01)01036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Aldridge S, Downs AJ. Hydrides of the main-group metals: new variations on an old theme. Chem Rev 2001; 101:3305-65. [PMID: 11840988 DOI: 10.1021/cr960151d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom
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Power PP. pi-Bonding and the Lone Pair Effect in Multiple Bonds between Heavier Main Group Elements. Chem Rev 1999; 99:3463-3504. [PMID: 11849028 DOI: 10.1021/cr9408989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 926] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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Uhl W, Molter J, Koch R. Aluminium Hydrazides: Reactions oftert-Butylaluminium Chlorides with Dilithium Bis(trimethylsilyl)hydrazide – Formation of Iminoalanes and their Hydrazido Adducts. Eur J Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199911)1999:11<2021::aid-ejic2021>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Downs A. Recent advances in the chemistry of the Group 13 metals: hydride derivatives and compounds involving multiply bonded Group 13 metal atoms. Coord Chem Rev 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(99)00116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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