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Ruan Q, Gan Q, Zhang X, Fang S, Zhang J. Preparation and Bioevaluation of Novel 99mTc-Labeled Complexes with a 2-Nitroimidazole HYNIC Derivative for Imaging Tumor Hypoxia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:158. [PMID: 33671923 PMCID: PMC7919024 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel 99mTc-labeled single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers for imaging hypoxia, a novel HYNICNM ligand (6-hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) 2-nitroimidazole derivative) was designed and synthesized. It was radiolabeled with technetium-99m using tricine/trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate (TPPTS), tricine/sodium triphenylphosphine-3-monosulfonate (TPPMS) and tricine as co-ligands to obtain [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM, [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPMS-HYNICNM, and [99mTc]Tc-(tricine)2-HYNICNM, respectively. The three technetium-99m complexes were radiolabeled in one step with a high yield (95%) and had good stability in saline and mouse serum. In vitro cellular uptake results showed that these complexes exhibited good hypoxic selectivity. The partition coefficient indicated that they were good hydrophilic complexes, and [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM displayed the highest hydrophilicity (-3.02 ± 0.08). The biodistribution in mice bearing S180 tumors showed that [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM exhibited higher tumor uptake (1.05 ± 0.27% IA/g); more rapid clearance from the liver, blood, muscle, and other non-target organs; and a higher tumor/non-target ratio, especially for the tumor/liver ratio (1.95), than [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPMS-HYNICNM and [99mTc]Tc-(tricine)2-HYNICNM. The results of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging studies of [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM were in accordance with the biodistribution results, which suggested that [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM is a promising agent for imaging tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.R.); (Q.G.); (X.Z.); (S.F.)
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Clases D, Sperling M, Karst U. Analysis of metal-based contrast agents in medicine and the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ji S, Zhou Y, Shao G, Liu S. Evaluation of K(HYNIC)(2) as a bifunctional chelator for (99m)Tc-labeling of small biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:701-11. [PMID: 23521129 DOI: 10.1021/bc3006896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate K(HYNIC)(2) (K = lysine and HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl) as a bifunctional chelator for (99m)Tc-labeling of biomolecule. In this study, four K(HYNIC)(2)-conjugated cyclic RGD peptides, K(HYNIC)(2)-RGD(2) (RGD(2) = E[c(RGDfK)](2)), K(HYNIC)(2)-3G-RGD(2) (3G-RGD(2) = Gly-Gly-Gly-E[Gly-Gly-Gly-c(RGDfK)](2)), K(HYNIC)(2)-2P-RGD(2) (2P-RGD(2) = E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)](2), and PEG(4) = 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic acid), and K(HYNIC)(2)-3P-RGD(2) (3P-RGD(2) = PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2) were prepared, and evaluated for their integrin αvβ3 binding affinity. IC(50) values were determined to be 47 ± 2, 35 ± 2, 37 ± 2, 85 ± 2, and 422 ± 15 nM for K(HYNIC)(2)-2P-RGD(2), K(HYNIC)(2)-3P-RGD(2), K(HYNIC)(2)-3G-RGD(2), K(HYNIC)(2)-RGD(2), and c(RGDyK), respectively, against (125)I-echistatin bound to U87MG cells. Macrocyclic complexes [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2)-RGD(2))(tricine)] (1), [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2)-3G-RGD(2))(tricine)] (2), [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2)-2P-RGD(2))(tricine)] (3), and [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2)-3P-RGD(2))(tricine)] (4) were prepared, and evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma xenografts for their tumor targeting capability and biodistribution. It was found that 1-4 all had high solution stability and more than two isomers, as evidenced by the presence of multiple radiometric peaks in their radio-HPLC chromatograms. The tumor uptake of 1-4 was 3.78 ± 0.81, 7.46 ± 1.68, 9.74 ± 1.65, and 8.59 ± 1.52%ID/g, respectively, which was completely consistent with trend of integrin α(v)β(3) binding affinity for cyclic RGD peptides. Replacing [(99m)Tc(HYNIC)(tricine)(TPPTS)] (TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3"-trisulfonate) with [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2))(tricine)] had little impact on radiotracer tumor uptake; but it had significant effect on the uptake of radiotracer in kidneys, lungs, and spleen. The tumor was clearly visualized by SPECT/CT with excellent contrast in a glioma-bearing mouse administered with 4. K(HYNIC)(2) would be particularly useful for (99m)Tc-labeling of small biomolecules with one or more disulfide linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Ji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Zhou Y, Kim YS, Lu X, Liu S. Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD dimers: impact of cyclic RGD peptides and 99mTc chelates on biological properties. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:586-95. [PMID: 22369387 DOI: 10.1021/bc200631g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to explore the impact of cyclic RGD peptides and (99m)Tc chelates on biological properties of (99m)Tc radiotracers. Cyclic RGD peptide conjugates, HYNIC-K(NIC)-RGD(2) (HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl; RGD(2) = E[c(RGDfK)](2) and NIC = nicotinyl), HYNIC-K(NIC)-3G-RGD(2) (3G-RGD(2) = Gly-Gly-Gly-E[Gly-Gly-Gly-c(RGDfK)](2)), and HYNIC-K(NIC)-3P-RGD(2) (3P-RGD(2) = PEG(4)-E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2)), were prepared. Macrocyclic (99m)Tc complexes [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC)-RGD(2))(tricine)] (1), [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC)-3G-RGD(2))(tricine)] (2), and [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC)-3P-RGD(2))(tricine)] (3) were evaluated for their biodistribution and tumor-targeting capability in athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435 human breast tumor xenografts. It was found that 1, 2, and 3 could be prepared with high specific activity (∼111 GBq/μmol). All three (99m)Tc radiotracers have two major isomers, which show almost identical uptake in tumors and normal organs. Replacing the bulky and highly charged [(99m)Tc(HYNIC)(tricine)(TPPTS)] (TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3″-trisulfonate) with a smaller [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC))(tricine)] resulted in less uptake in the kidneys and lungs for 3. Surprisingly, all three (99m)Tc radiotracers shared a similar tumor uptake (1, 5.73 ± 0.40%ID/g; 2, 5.24 ± 1.09%ID/g; and 3, 4.94 ± 1.71%ID/g) at 60 min p.i. The metabolic stability of (99m)Tc radiotracers depends on cyclic RGD peptides (3P-RGD(2) > 3G-RGD(2) ∼ RGD(2)) and (99m)Tc chelates ([(99m)Tc(HYNIC)(tricine)(TPPTS)] > [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC))(tricine)]). Immunohistochemical studies revealed a linear relationship between the α(v)β(3) expression levels and tumor uptake or tumor/muscle ratios of 3, suggesting that 3 is useful for monitoring the tumor α(v)β(3) expression. Complex 3 is a very attractive radiotracer for detection of integrin α(v)β(3)-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Liu S, Chakraborty S. 99mTc-centered one-pot synthesis for preparation of 99mTc radiotracers. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6077-86. [PMID: 21373664 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine relies on two main imaging modalities: single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Radiopharmaceuticals (or radiotracers) are the blood stream of nuclear medicine for the diagnosis or therapy of diseases. Diagnostic radiotracers that are small molecules labelled with a gamma-emitter for SPECT or positron-emitter for PET provide a non-invasive method to assess the disease or disease states and monitor the therapeutic efficacy of a specific treatment regime. Over the past four decades, radiopharmaceutical research has been practising one-pot synthesis at the tracer level (10(-7)-10(-6) M). Many (99m)Tc radiotracers currently used in nuclear medicine are routinely prepared by following the basic principles of one-pot synthesis. Unlike traditional organic one-pot synthesis, which often involves the formation of multiple C-C and C-heteroatom bonds in a single step, the (99m)Tc-centered one-pot synthesis requires the formation of multiple coordination bonds between Tc and various donor atoms, such as N, O, S and P. This review will illustrate how the (99m)Tc-centered one-pot synthesis is utilized for routine preparations of different (99m)Tc radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Bartholomä MD, Louie AS, Valliant JF, Zubieta J. Technetium and Gallium Derived Radiopharmaceuticals: Comparing and Contrasting the Chemistry of Two Important Radiometals for the Molecular Imaging Era. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2903-20. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Bartholomä
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S 4M1
| | - Anika S. Louie
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S 4M1
| | - John F. Valliant
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S 4M1
| | - Jon Zubieta
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S 4M1
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Takayama T, Suzuki K, Sekine T, Kudo H. Syntheses and structures of technetium(V) and rhenium(V) oxo complexes of peptide having KYC-sequence. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2000.88.3-4.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Technetium(V) and rhenium(V) oxo complexes of a peptide having a KYC-sequence such as KYCAR (H3L5) and KYCAREPPTRTNAYWGQG-NH2 (H3L18) were synthesized, and structures of the complexes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. All of the complexes were synthesized by the ligand exchange reaction of [(n-C4H9)4N][MOCl4] (M = 99Tc, Re) with peptide in methanol or dimethylformamide solution. These complexes have a square pyramidal structure with an oxo ligand at the apical position. The peptide is coordinated to a metal atom through Namine of lysine, Sthiol of cysteine, and Namide of tyrosine and cysteine in the equatorial plane. A lysine (CH2)4NH2 group of the L5 ligand has the syn conformation with respect to metal-oxo bonding in the complex. The syn isomer was selectively formed in the ligand exchange reaction. The conversion of the syn isomer to the anti isomer was observed only for syn-[ReO(L5)], in which the coordination of water to the trans position of the oxo ligand was involved.
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Maresca KP, Hillier SM, Femia FJ, Zimmerman CN, Levadala MK, Banerjee SR, Hicks J, Sundararajan C, Valliant J, Zubieta J, Eckelman WC, Joyal JL, Babich JW. Comprehensive Radiolabeling, Stability, and Tissue Distribution Studies of Technetium-99m Single Amino Acid Chelates (SAAC). Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1625-33. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Maresca
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - Shawn M. Hillier
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - Frank J. Femia
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - Craig N. Zimmerman
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - Murali K. Levadala
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - Sangeeta R. Banerjee
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - Justin Hicks
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - Chitra Sundararajan
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - John Valliant
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - Jon Zubieta
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - William C. Eckelman
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - John L. Joyal
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
| | - John W. Babich
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S4MI
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Wang L, Shi J, Kim YS, Zhai S, Jia B, Zhao H, Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X, Liu S. Improving tumor-targeting capability and pharmacokinetics of (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGD dimers with PEG(4) linkers. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:231-45. [PMID: 19067525 PMCID: PMC2634825 DOI: 10.1021/mp800150r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of two cyclic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) conjugates, HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer (HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl; 2PEG(4)-dimer = E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2); and PEG(4) = 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic acid) and HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer (3PEG(4)-dimer = PEG(4)-E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2)), and evaluation of their (99m)Tc complexes [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer)(tricine)(TPPTS)] ((99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer: TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate) and [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer)(tricine)(TPPTS)] ((99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer) as novel radiotracers for imaging integrin alpha(v)beta(3) expression in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts. The integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinities of RGD peptides were determined by competitive displacement of (125)I-c(RGDyK) on U87MG glioma cells. It was found that the two PEG(4) linkers between RGD motifs in HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer (IC(50) = 2.8 +/- 0.5 nM) and HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer (IC(50) = 2.4 +/- 0.7 nM) are responsible for their higher integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinity than that of HYNIC-PEG(4)-dimer (PEG(4)-dimer = PEG(4)-E[c(RGDfK)](2); IC(50) = 7.5 +/- 2.3 nM). Addition of extra PEG(4) linker in HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer has little impact on integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinity. (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer and (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer were prepared in high yield with >95% radiochemical purity and the specific activity of >10 Ci/mumol. Biodistribution studies clearly demonstrated that PEG(4) linkers are particularly useful for improving the tumor uptake and clearance kinetics of (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer and (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer from noncancerous organs. It was also found that there was a linear relationship between the tumor size and radiotracer tumor uptake expressed as %ID (percentage of the injected dose) in U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor models. The blocking experiment showed that the tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer is integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated. In the metabolism study, (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer had high metabolic stability during its excretion from renal and hepatobiliary routes. (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer also remained intact during thee excretion from the renal route, but, had approximately 30% metabolism during the excretion from the hepatobiliary route. Planar imaging studies in U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor models showed that the tumors of approximately 5 mm in diameter could be readily visualized with excellent contrast. Thus, (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer is a very promising radiotracer for the early detection of integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-positive tumors, and may have the potential for noninvasive monitoring of tumor growth or treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiyun Shi
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Shizhen Zhai
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huiyun Zhao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
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Shi J, Wang L, Kim YS, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S. Improving tumor uptake and excretion kinetics of 99mTc-labeled cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) dimers with triglycine linkers. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7980-90. [PMID: 19049428 PMCID: PMC2626178 DOI: 10.1021/jm801134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of two new cyclic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) dimers, 3 (E[G(3)-c(RGDfK)](2)) and 4 (G(3)-E[G(3)-c(RGDfK)](2)), and their corresponding conjugates 5 (HYNIC-E[G(3)-c(RGDfK)](2): HYNIC = 6-(2-(2-sulfonatobenzaldehyde)hydrazono)nicotinyl) and 6 (HYNIC-G(3)-E[G(3)-c(RGDfK)](2)). Integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinities of 5 and 6 were determined by displacement of (125)I-echistatin bound to U87MG glioma cells. (99)(m)Tc complexes 7 ([(99m)Tc(5)(tricine)(TPPTS)]: TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate) and 8 ([(99m)Tc(6)(tricine)(TPPTS)]) were prepared in high yield and high specific activity. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts. It was found that G(3) linkers are particularly useful for increasing integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinity of cyclic RGD dimers and improving the tumor uptake and clearance kinetic of their (99)(m)Tc radiotracers. Complex 8 is a very promising radiotracer for the early detection of integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-positive tumors and may have the potential for noninvasive monitoring of tumor growth or shrinkage during antiangiogenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Shi
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Shizhen Zhai
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
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Liu S. Bifunctional coupling agents for radiolabeling of biomolecules and target-specific delivery of metallic radionuclides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1347-70. [PMID: 18538888 PMCID: PMC2539110 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-based radiopharmaceuticals are of great current interest in molecular imaging and radiotherapy of cancers, and provide a unique tool for target-specific delivery of radionuclides to the diseased tissues. In general, a target-specific radiopharmaceutical can be divided into four parts: targeting biomolecule (BM), pharmacokinetic modifying (PKM) linker, bifunctional coupling or chelating agent (BFC), and radionuclide. The targeting biomolecule serves as a "carrier" for specific delivery of the radionuclide. PKM linkers are used to modify radiotracer excretion kinetics. BFC is needed for radiolabeling of biomolecules with a metallic radionuclide. Different radiometals have significant difference in their coordination chemistry, and require BFCs with different donor atoms and chelator frameworks. Since the radiometal chelate can have a significant impact on physical and biological properties of the target-specific radiopharmaceutical, its excretion kinetics can be altered by modifying the coordination environment with various chelators or coligand, if needed. This review will focus on the design of BFCs and their coordination chemistry with technetium, copper, gallium, indium, yttrium and lanthanide radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
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Marchi A, Marchesi E, Marvelli L, Bergamini P, Bertolasi V, Ferretti V. New Water-Soluble Rhenium Complexes with 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) – X-ray Crystal Structures of [ReNCl2(PTA)3], [ReO2Cl(PTA)3], [ReCl3(PTA)2(PPh3)], and [Re2N2Cl3(Et2dtc)(PTA)4]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yang CT, Sreerama SG, Hsieh WY, Liu S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Macrocyclic Chelator with 3-Hydroxy-4-Pyrone Chelating Arms and Its Complexes with Medicinally Important Metals. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:2719-27. [PMID: 18281940 DOI: 10.1021/ic7022506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Tong Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Subramanya G. Sreerama
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Wen-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Liu S, Kim YS, Hsieh WY, Gupta Sreerama S. Coligand effects on the solution stability, biodistribution and metabolism of the (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGDfK tetramer. Nucl Med Biol 2008; 35:111-21. [PMID: 18158950 PMCID: PMC2278016 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present the evaluation of two new ternary ligand (99m)Tc complexes [(99m)Tc(HYNIC tetramer)(tricine)(L)] [L=isonicotinic acid (ISONIC) and 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA)] as potential radiotracers for tumor imaging. Athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer xenografts were used to evaluate their biodistribution and metabolic properties. Solution stability data showed that [(99m)Tc(HYNIC tetramer)(tricine)(L)] (L=ISONIC and PDA) had significant decomposition (14% and 35%, respectively) at 6 h in the absence of excess ISONIC or PDA coligand. Biodistribution data clearly showed that [(99m)Tc(HYNIC tetramer)(tricine)(PDA)] had a much lower uptake in most organs of interest than [(99m)Tc(HYNIC tetramer)(tricine)(ISONIC)] during the 2-h study period. Results from metabolism studies revealed that approximately 50% of [(99m)Tc(HYNIC tetramer)(tricine)(ISONIC)] remained intact in fecal samples at 120 min postinjection, whereas only 10% of [(99m)Tc(HYNIC tetramer)(tricine)(PDA)] remained intact in fecal samples. The extent of metabolism correlated well with radiotracer solution stability. The results from this and our previous studies clearly demonstrated that coligands [trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate (TPPTS), ISONIC and PDA] have a significant impact on the tumor uptake, excretion kinetics and metabolism of the (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGDfK tetramer. Among the three radiotracers evaluated in this tumor-bearing animal model, [(99m)Tc(HYNIC tetramer)(tricine)(TPPTS)] remained the best with respect to blood clearance, tumor uptake and target/background ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Méndez-Rojas MA, Kharisov BI, Tsivadze AY. Recent advances on technetium complexes: coordination chemistry and medical applications¶. J COORD CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970500324633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas
- a Departamento de Química y Biología , Universidad de las Américas-Puebla , Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Catarina Martir, AP 100, Cholula 72820, Puebla, México
| | - Boris I. Kharisov
- b Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , 66450 San Nicolas de los Garza 18-F, Nuevo León, México
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Liu S, He Z, Hsieh WY, Kim YS, Jiang Y. Impact of PKM linkers on biodistribution characteristics of the 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGDfK dimer. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:1499-507. [PMID: 17105229 PMCID: PMC2562319 DOI: 10.1021/bc060235l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes synthesis of three new cyclic RGDfK peptide conjugates, HYNIC-PKM-SU016 (PKM = E, K and PEG4) and in vivo evaluation of the impact of PKM linkers on biodistribution characteristics of their ternary ligand complexes [99mTc(HYNIC-PKM-SU016)1(tricine)(TPPTS)] in athymic nude mice bearing the MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer xenografts. Results from biodistribution studies show that PKM linkers have minimal impact on the integrin alphavbeta3 binding capability of radiotracers. Even though they have different charges under physiological conditions, all three linkers (E, K, and PEG4) are able to reduce the uptake of 99mTc-labeled E[c(RGDfK)]2 in blood, kidneys, liver, and lungs, and increase target-to-background (T/B) ratios at >30 min postinjection. E and K may have advantages over PEG4 due to a combination of relatively low liver uptake and high tumor/liver and tumor/lung ratios of ternary ligand complexes [99mTc(HYNIC-PKM-SU016)(tricine)(TPPTS)] (PKM = E and K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Cowley AR, Dilworth JR, Donnelly PS, Ross SJ. Rhenium diazenide ternary complexes with dithiocarbamate ligands: towards new rhenium radiopharmaceuticals. Dalton Trans 2006:73-82. [PMID: 17160176 DOI: 10.1039/b611403b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the mono-diazenide core, [ReCl2(NNC6H(4)-4-OCH3)(NCCH3)(PPh3)2], with four equivalents of the sodium or potassium salts of dithiocarbamate (dtc) ligands gives neutral complexes of the formula [Re(NNC6H(4)-4-OCH3)(dtc)2(PPh3)]. It is possible to use a wide range of dithiocarbamate ligands (S2CNRR') with a variety of R groups (R=R'=methyl, phenyl or ethyl; R=methyl, R'=phenyl and R=R'=morpholino). Substitution reactions with dtc ligands on the mono-diazenide derived from 2-hydrazinopyridine, [ReCl2(NNC5H4N)(PPh3)2, give the analogous complexes, [Re(NNC6H5N)(dtc)2(PPh3)]. The new complexes have been characterised by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Cyclic voltammetry measurements in dimethyl formamide show that the rhenium diazenido-dtc complexes undergo a quasi-reversible oxidation tentatively assigned to a ReIII/ReIV oxidation. Since the parent complex, [ReCl2(NNC6H(4)-4-R)(NCCH3)(PPh3)2] can be prepared directly from perrhenate and readily derivatised with dtc ligands these complexes have potential relevance to the development of new therapeutic rhenium radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cowley
- Chemical Crystallography, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3TA
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Kim YS, He Z, Hsieh WY, Liu S. A novel ternary ligand system useful for preparation of cationic (99m)Tc-diazenido complexes and (99m)Tc-labeling of small biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:473-84. [PMID: 16536480 PMCID: PMC2597566 DOI: 10.1021/bc0502715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a novel ternary ligand system composed of a phenylhydrazine, a crown ether-containing dithiocarbamate (DTC), and a PNP-type bisphosphine (PNP). The combination of three different ligands with (99m)Tc results in cationic (99m)Tc-diazenido complexes, [(99m)Tc(NNAr)(DTC)(PNP)]+, with potential radiopharmaceuticals for heart imaging. Synthesis of cationic (99m)Tc-diazenido complexes can be accomplished in two steps. For example, the reaction of phenylhydrazine with (99m)TcO4- at 100 degrees C in the presence of excess stannous chloride and 1,2-diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (PDTA) results in the [(99m)Tc(NNPh)(PDTA)n] intermediate, which then reacts with sodium N-(dithiocarbamato)-2-aminomethyl-15-Crown-5 (L4) and N,N-bis[2-(bis(3-ethoxypropyl)phosphino)ethyl]ethoxyethylamine (PNP6) at 100 degrees C for 15 min to give the complex, [(99m)Tc(NNPh)(L4)(PNP6)]+ in high yield (>90%). Cationic complexes [(99m)Tc(NNPh)(DTC)(PNP)]+ are stable for > or = 6 h. Their composition was determined to be 1:1:1:1 for Tc:NNPh:DTC:PNP using the mixed-ligand experiments on the tracer ((99m)Tc) level and was further confirmed by the ESI-MS spectral data of a model compound [Re(NNPh)(L4)(L6)]+. It was found that both DTCs and bisphosphines have a significant impact on the lipophilicity of their cationic (99m)Tc-diazenido complexes. Results from a (99m)Tc-labeling efficiency experiment showed that 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid (HYBA) might be useful as a bifunctional coupling agent for (99m)Tc-labeling of small biomolecules. However, the (99m)Tc-labeling efficiency of HYBA is much lower than that of 6-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) with tricine and trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate (TPPTS) as coligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuang Liu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Civil Engineering Building Room 1275, School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Phone: 765-494-0236; Fax 765-496-1377;
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Banerjee SR, Babich JW, Zubieta J. A new bifunctional amino acid chelator targeting the glucose transporter. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Banerjee SR, Maresca KP, Francesconi L, Valliant J, Babich JW, Zubieta J. New directions in the coordination chemistry of 99mTc: a reflection on technetium core structures and a strategy for new chelate design. Nucl Med Biol 2005; 32:1-20. [PMID: 15691657 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chelates offer a general approach for the linking of radioactive metal cations to macromolecules. In the specific case of 99mTc, a variety of technologies have been developed for assembling a metal-chelate-biomolecule complex. An evaluation of these methodologies requires an appreciation of the coordination characteristics and preferences of the technetium core structures and oxidation states, which serve as platforms for the development of the imaging agent. Three technologies, namely, the MAG3-based bifunctional chelates, the N-oxysuccinimidylhydrazino-nicotinamide system and the recently described single amino acid chelates for the {Tc(CO)3}1+ core, are discussed in terms of the fundamental coordination chemistry of the technetium core structures. In assessing the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, we conclude that the single amino acid analogue chelates (SAAC), which are readily conjugated to small peptides by solid-phase synthesis methods and which form robust complexes with the {Tc(CO)3}1+ core, offer an effective alternative to the previously described methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Reactivity of [MO]3+ (M=Tc, Re) core towards 2-mercapto-1,3-azole ligands. Formation of a new organometallic complex of Re(IV) and X-ray crystal structures. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mundwiler S, Kündig M, Ortner K, Alberto R. A new [2 + 1] mixed ligand concept based on [99(m)Tc(OH2)3(CO)3]+: a basic study. Dalton Trans 2004:1320-8. [PMID: 15252624 DOI: 10.1039/b400220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed ligand fac-tricarbonyl complexes of the general formula [M(L1)(L2)(CO)3](M = Re, 99(m)Tc, L1= imidazole, benzyl isocyanide, L2 = 1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) have been prepared starting from the precursors [M(OH2)3(CO)3]+. The complexes can be obtained in good yield and purity in a two-step procedure by first attaching the bidentate ligand followed by addition of the monodentate. 99mTc compounds can also be prepared at the tracer level in one-pot procedures with L1 and L2 being concomitantly present. This [2 + 1] approach allows the labeling of bioactive molecules containing a monodentate or a bidentate donor site. Examples given in here are N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycyl-N-(3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl)phenylalaninamide, 5-((3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl)aminomethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and 4-(5-isonitrilpentyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazine as L1 and N-((6-carboxypyridine-3-yl)methyl)glycylphenylalanine as L2. The corresponding second ligand can be used to influence the physico-chemical properties of the conjugate. The crystal structures of [99Tc(OH2)(imc)(CO)3], [Re(OH2)(2,4-dipic)(CO)3], [Re(bic)(2,4-dipic)(CO)3] and [Re(im)(2,5-dipic)(CO)3] are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mundwiler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Alberto R, Cowley AR, Dilworth JR, Donnelly PS, Pratt J. Diazenide and hydrazide(2−) derivatives of the [Re(CO)3]+core. Dalton Trans 2004:2610-1. [PMID: 15514740 DOI: 10.1039/b407708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [ReBr3(CO)3]2- with aryldiazonium salts gives the Re(iii) diazenide complexes [ReBr2(NNC6H4R-4)(CO)2]-. The attachment of a PhNHCS tethering group to pyridyl hydrazine generates a HYNIC related proligand which gives a stable chelated pyridyliumthiocarbazide(2-) derivative of the [Re(I)(CO)3]+ core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Alberto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterhurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
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Martín D, Piera C, Mazzi U, Rossin R, Solans X, Font-Bardia M, Suades J. Rhenium and technetium-99m complexes with coenzyme M (MESNA). Dalton Trans 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b305042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Banerjee SR, Wei L, Levadala MK, Lazarova N, Golub VO, O'Connor CJ, Stephenson KA, Valliant JF, Babich JW, Zubieta J. [Re(III)Cl(3)] core complexes with bifunctional single amino acid chelates. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:5795-802. [PMID: 12401085 DOI: 10.1021/ic020391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the Re(V) starting material [ReO(PPh(3))(2)Cl(3)] with ligands of the type XN(Y)Z [X = Y = 2-pyridylmethyl, Z = -CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(1)Et), -CH(2)CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(2)Et), -CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(NHCO(2)Bu(t))CO(2)H (L(3)H); X = 2-pyridylmethyl, Y = 2-(1-methylimidazolyl)methyl, Z = -CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(4)Et)] yielded the Re(III) trichloride complexes of the type [ReCl(3)(L(n)R)]. The complexes are mononuclear, paramagnetic species with a facial geometry of the chloride ligands. The nitrogen donors of the tridentate L(n)()R ligands complete the distorted octahedral coordination spheres of the complexes. Crystal data: [ReCl(3)(L(1)Et)] (1), monoclinic, C2/m, a = 16.088(3) A, b = 9.980(2) A, c = 12.829(2) A, beta = 91.384(3) degrees, Z = 4, D(calc) = 1.967 g/cm(-)(3); [ReCl(3)(L(4)Et)] (4), monoclinic, C2/c, a = 22.880(1) A, b = 7.4926(4) A, c = 22.560(1) A, beta = 94.186(1) degrees, Z = 8, D(calc) = 2.001 g/cm(-3).
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Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich JW, Zubieta J. Schiff base chemistry of the rhenium(V)-oxo core with '3+2' ligand donor sets. Inorganica Chim Acta 2001; 316:33-40. [PMID: 20628543 PMCID: PMC2901879 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of [ReOCl(3)(PPh(3))(2)] with the bidentate ligands 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole and (2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thiazoline resulted in the isolation of the complexes [ReOCl(2)(OC(6)H(4)-2-C=NC(6)H(4)-2-O)(PPh(3))] (1) and [ReOCl(2)(OC(6)H(4)-2-C=NCH(2)CH(2)S)(PPh(3))] (2). Reactions of 1 with the tridentate Schiff base ligands salicylaldehyde 2-hydroxyanil (H(2)L(1b)), salicylaldehyde 2-mercaptoanil (H(2)L(2b)) afnd S-benzyl-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene] dithiocarbazate (H(2)L(3b)) yielded the '3+2' rhenium(V) oxo species [ReO(OC(6)H(4)-2-C=NC(6)H(4)O) (OC(6)H(4)CH=NC(6)H(4)O)] (3), [ReO(OC(6)H(4)-2-C=NC(6)H(4)O)-(OC(6)H(4)CH=NC(6)H(4)S)] (4) and [ReO(OC(6)H(4)-2-C=NC(6)H(4)O){OC(6)H(4)CH=N-N=C(SCH(2)C(6)H(5))S}] (5). Similarly, the reactions of [ReOCl(2)(OC(6)H(4)-2-C=NC(6)H(4)S)(PPh(3))] (2) with H(2)L(2b), H(2)L(3b) and 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylene]-N-phenyl-hydrazinecarbothioamide (H(2)L(4b)) were exploited to prepare [ReO(OC(6)H(4)-2-C=NC(6)H(4)S)(OC(6)H(4)CH=NC(6)H(4)O)] (6), [ReO(OC(6)H(4)C=NC(6)H(4)S){OC(6)H(4)CH=N-N=C (SCH(2)C(6)H(5))S}] (7) and [ReO(OC(6)H(4)-2-C=NC(6)H(4)S){OC(6)H(4)CH=N-N=C(NHC(6)H(5))}] (8), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Frank J. Femia
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - John W. Babich
- Biostream, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jon Zubieta
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Femia FJ, Chen X, Maresca KP, Babich JW, Zubieta J. Syntheses and structural characterization of rhenium-bis-hydrazinopyrimidine core complexes with thiolate and Schiff base coligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000; 310:210-216. [PMID: 20640229 PMCID: PMC2904462 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)00287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of perrhenate with 2-hydrazinopyrimidine in MeOH-HCl yields [ReCl(3)(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2)H)(eta(2)-HNNC(4)H(3)N(2))] (1). The analogous reaction with Na(2)MoO(4) yields [MoCl(3)(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2)H)(eta(2)-HNNHC(4)H(3)N(2))] (1a). The reaction of 1 with pyrimidine-2-thiol and triethylamine produces [Re(eta(1)-C(4)H(3)N(2)S)(eta(2)-C(4)H(3)N(2)S)(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2))(eta(2)-HNNC(4)H(3)N(2))] (2), while reaction of 1 with the Schiff base HSC(6)H(4)N=C(H)C(6)H(4)OH provides [Re(eta(3)-SC(6)H(4)N=C(H)C(6)H(4)O)(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2))(eta(2)-C(6)H(4)O)(eta(1)-NNC(5)H(4)N)(eta(2)-HNNC(5)H(4)N)] (4), was also synthesized by reacting [ReCl(3)(eta(1)-NNC(5)H(4)NH)(eta(2)-HNNC(5)H(4)N)] with HSC(6)H(4)N=C(H)C(6)H(4)OH. The crystal structures of 1-4 have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Femia
- Room 1 -014, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 -4100, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Room 1 -014, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 -4100, USA
| | | | - John W. Babich
- Biostream, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jon Zubieta
- Room 1 -014, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 -4100, USA
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99mTc-labeled chemotactic peptides: influence of coligand on distribution of molecular species and infection imaging properties. Synthesis and structural characterization of model complexes with the {Re(η2-HNNC5H4N)(η1-NNC5H4N)} core. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)00255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Femia FJ, Chen X, Maresca KP, Babich JW, Zubieta J. Synthesis and crystal and molecular structure of a tetranuclear cluster based on the rhenium(III)-bisorganohydrazino core: [Re(HNNC(4)H(3)N(2))(NNC(4)H(3)N(2))(OCH(3))(2)](4). Inorganica Chim Acta 2000; 307:160-163. [PMID: 20613968 PMCID: PMC2897098 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)00207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of NH(4)ReO(4) with excess 2-hydrazinopyrimidine in methanol yields [Re(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2)H)(eta(2)-HNNC(4)H(3)N(2))Cl(3)] (1). Attempts to recrystallize 1 by slow diffusion of methanol into DMF after 8 months produced black crystals of [Re(HNNC(4)H(3)N(2))(NNC(4)H(3)N(2))(OCH(3))(2)](4) (2). The structure of 2 consists of isolated tetranuclear clusters, constructed from {Re(eta(2)-HNNC(4)H(3)N(2))(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2))(OCH(3))(2)} units linked through the beta-nitrogen of the chelating organodiazene ligand of adjacent units into a box-like aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Femia
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Liu S, Edwards DS. 99mTc-Labeled Small Peptides as Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2235-68. [PMID: 11749481 DOI: 10.1021/cr980436l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Medical Imaging Division, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862
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