1
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Employing Cu(II) complexes of N,O-donor ligand for catalysis in visible light driven cleavage of lignin C-C bonds. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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2
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Mechanistic study on the depolymerization of typical lignin-derived oligomers catalyzed by Pd/NbOPO4. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Mathieu Y, Vidal JD, Arribas Martínez L, Abad Fernández N, Iborra S, Corma A. Molecular Oxygen Lignin Depolymerization: An Insight into the Stability of Phenolic Monomers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4743-4758. [PMID: 32749077 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During oxidative depolymerization of lignin in aqueous alkaline medium using molecular oxygen as oxidant, the highly functionalized primary phenolic monomers are not stable products, owing to various not fully identified secondary reaction mechanisms. However, better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the instability of the main part of the products of interest derived from lignin is of much interest. Evaluation of their individual reactivities under oxidative conditions should significantly help to find a better way to valorize the lignin polymer and to maximize the yields of target value-added products. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to assess the individual stabilities of some selected lignin-based phenolic compounds, such as vanillin, vanillic acid, and acetovanillone, together with some other pure chemical compounds such as phenol and anisole to give an insight into the mechanisms responsible for the simultaneous formation and repolymerization of those products and the influence of the oxidation conditions. Various complementary strategies of stabilization are proposed, discussed, and applied for the oxidative depolymerization reactions of a technical lignin extracted from pinewood with a high content of β-O-4 interconnecting bonds to try to obtain enhanced yields of value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Mathieu
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan D Vidal
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Arribas Martínez
- Técnicas Reunidas, José Lladó Technology Centre Proprietary Technology Development Division, C/Sierra Nevada n° 16, 28830, San Fernando de Henares, Spain
| | - Nerea Abad Fernández
- Técnicas Reunidas, José Lladó Technology Centre Proprietary Technology Development Division, C/Sierra Nevada n° 16, 28830, San Fernando de Henares, Spain
| | - Sara Iborra
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Mohite R, Garg A. Performance of Supported Copper Catalysts for Oxidative Degradation of Phenolics in Aqueous Medium: Optimization of Reaction Conditions, Kinetics, Catalyst Stability, Characterization, and Reusability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Mohite
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Awan IZ, Tanchoux N, Quignard F, Albonetti S, Cavani F, Di Renzo F. Heterogeneous Catalysis as a Tool for Production of Aromatic Compounds From Lignin. STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64127-4.00013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Yadav BR, Garg A. Hetero-catalytic hydrothermal oxidation of simulated pulping effluent: Effect of operating parameters and catalyst stability. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:128-135. [PMID: 29032257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, activated carbon (AC) supported bi-metallic catalyst (3.3Cu/2.2Ce/4.4AC) was subjected to catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) of simulated pulping effluent at moderate operating conditions (temperatures = 120-190 °C and oxygen partial pressures = 0.5-1.2 MPa). The oxidation reaction was performed in a high pressure reactor (capacity = 0.7 l) with catalyst concentration of 1-5 g/l for 3 h duration. During CWO at 190 °C temperature and 0.9 MPa oxygen pressure, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), lignin and color removals from the wastewater were 79%, 77%, 88% and 89%, respectively, while the wastewater biodegradability was enhanced to 0.52 from an initial value of 0.16. TOC mass balance suggested that nearly 86-97% of the degraded TOC was mineralized whereas copper and cerium leaching from the catalyst were in the range of 1-15% and 0.7-1% with respect to their initial amounts. Metal leaching was reduced with increase in the reaction temperature. Global kinetic rate model was also developed using TOC degradation data and the activation energies of two step (rapid followed by slower TOC removal) CWO reaction were determined as 34.2 kJ/mol and 28.5 kJ/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholu Ram Yadav
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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7
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Erady V, Mascarenhas RJ, Satpati AK, Detriche S, Mekhalif Z, Dalhalle J, Dhason A. Sensitive detection of Ferulic acid using multi-walled carbon nanotube decorated with silver nano-particles modified carbon paste electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Do QC, Kim DG, Ko SO. Nonsacrificial Template Synthesis of Magnetic-Based Yolk-Shell Nanostructures for the Removal of Acetaminophen in Fenton-like Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28508-28518. [PMID: 28771304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, yolk-shell structured materials with active metal cores have received considerable attention in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems, which have excellent catalytic performance. In this study, we initially attempted the nonsacrificial template synthesis of yolk-shell structured nanoparticles with magnetite cores encapsulated in a mesoporous silica shell (Fe3O4@SiO2) via a modified sol-gel process and then evaluated their catalytic activity for acetaminophen degradation in Fenton-like systems. Second, copper nanoparticles were decorated on the surface of the Fe3O4@SiO2 microspheres (Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu) to enhance the catalytic activity. The morphological, structural, and physicochemical properties of the prepared materials were characterized via X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, specific surface area, ζ-potential, magnetic properties, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated a successful fabrication of the targeted materials. The yolk-shell structured materials possess a spherical morphology with an active core, protective shell, and hollow void. The Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu variants showed acetaminophen removal rates significantly higher compared to those of their counterparts, i.e., the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@Cu core-shell structures. Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu showed that the copper nanoparticles were firmly immobilized on the mesoporous silica shell, dramatically improving the catalytic performance. Both the yolk-shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu exhibited good separation and satisfactory regeneration properties, which could be recycled six times without any obvious decline in catalytic activity. Overall, the results of this study suggested that Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu yolk-shell nanostructures could be promising catalysts for a heterogeneous Fenton-like system by which the removal of emerging contaminants can be greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Cuong Do
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deokyoung-daero, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Gun Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deokyoung-daero, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Oh Ko
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deokyoung-daero, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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9
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Arapova OV, Bondarenko GN, Chistyakov AV, Tsodikov MV. Vibrational spectroscopy studies of structural changes in lignin under microwave irradiation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024417090059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Yadav BR, Garg A. Performance assessment of activated carbon supported catalyst during catalytic wet oxidation of simulated pulping effluents generated from wood and bagasse based pulp and paper mills. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25695c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the performance of catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) for the treatment of simulated pulping effluents (with chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 15 000 and 17 000 mg L−1) from large and small scale pulp and paper mills, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholu Ram Yadav
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
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11
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Recovery and Utilization of Lignin Monomers as Part of the Biorefinery Approach. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Yadav BR, Garg A. Catalytic hydrothermal treatment of pulping effluent using a mixture of Cu and Mn metals supported on activated carbon as catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20081-20086. [PMID: 26354113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the performance of activated carbon-supported copper and manganese base catalyst for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) of pulping effluent. CWO reaction was performed in a high pressure reactor (capacity = 0.7 l) at temperatures ranging from 120 to 190 °C and oxygen partial pressures of 0.5 to 0.9 MPa with the catalyst concentration of 3 g/l for 3 h duration. With Cu/Mn/AC catalyst at 190 °C temperature and 0.9 MPa oxygen partial pressures, the maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), lignin, and color removals of 73, 71, 86, and 85 %, respectively, were achieved compared to only 52, 51, 53, and 54 % removals during the non-catalytic process. Biodegradability (in terms of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to COD ratio) of the pulping effluent was improved to 0.38 from an initial value of 0.16 after the catalytic reaction. The adsorbed carbonaceous fraction on the used catalyst was also determined which contributed meager TOC reduction of 3-4 %. The leaching test showed dissolution of the metals (i.e., Cu and Mn) from the catalysts in the wastewater during CWO reaction at 190 °C temperature and 0.9 MPa oxygen partial pressures. In the future, the investigations should focus on the catalyst reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholu Ram Yadav
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Yadav BR, Garg A. Catalytic oxidation of pulping effluent by activated carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1018-1025. [PMID: 26508075 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1096963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the non-catalytic and catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) for the removal of persistent organic compounds from the pulping effluent. Two activated carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts (Cu/Ce/AC and Cu/Mn/AC) were used for CWO after characterization by the following techniques: temperature-programmed reduction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The oxidation reaction was performed in a batch high-pressure reactor (capacity = 0.7 L) at moderate oxidation conditions (temperature = 190°C and oxygen pressure = 0.9 MPa). With Cu/Ce/AC catalyst, the maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and lignin removals of 79%, 77% and 88% were achieved compared to only 50% removal during the non-catalytic process. The 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to COD ratio (a measure for biodegradability) of the pulping effluent was improved to 0.52 from an initial value of 0.16. The mass balance calculations for solid recovered after CWO reaction showed 8% and 10% deduction in catalyst mass primarily attributed to the loss of carbon and metal leaching. After the CWO process, carbon deposition was also observed on the recovered catalyst which was responsible for around 3-4% TOC reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholu Ram Yadav
- a Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai , India
| | - Anurag Garg
- a Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai , India
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14
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Mottweiler J, Puche M, Räuber C, Schmidt T, Concepción P, Corma A, Bolm C. Copper- and Vanadium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cleavage of Lignin using Dioxygen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:2106-2113. [PMID: 26013592 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-containing hydrotalcites (HTc) and V(acac)3 /Cu(NO3 )2 ⋅3 H2 O (acac=acetylacetonate) mixtures were tested for their catalytic activity in the cleavage of the lignin model compound erythro-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-l,3-propanediol (1) with molecular oxygen as oxidant. Both catalytic systems displayed high activity and good selectivity and afforded veratric acid as the main product. The catalyst behavior was studied by EPR spectroscopy, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. After the catalysts were established for the model system, lignin depolymerization studies were performed with various organsolv and kraft lignin sources. The oxidative depolymerization and lignin bond cleavage were monitored by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), MALDI MS, and 2D-NMR (HSQC). Irrespective of the lignin pretreatment, both HTc-Cu-V and V(acac)3 /Cu(NO3 )2 ⋅3 H2 O were able to cleave the β-O-4 linkages and the resinol structures to form dimeric and trimeric products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Mottweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Marta Puche
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia (Spain)
| | - Christoph Räuber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Patricia Concepción
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia (Spain)
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia (Spain).
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany).
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Ouyang X, Huang X, Ruan T, Qiu X. Microwave-assisted oxidative digestion of lignin with hydrogen peroxide for TOC and color removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:390-396. [PMID: 25714638 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dilute lignin solution was successfully digested into colorless and clarified liquor under microwave-assisted oxidative digestion with hydrogen peroxide. High dosage of hydrogen peroxide is needed to effectively digest lignin, but excessive hydrogen peroxide may lead to recondensation of formed fragments in digested lignin. Microwave irradiation greatly facilitates the oxidative digestion of lignin. Compared with conventional heating technique, microwave-assisted digestion achieves the same or higher digestion rate within a shorter time and/or at lower temperature. After digestion, total organic carbon content of lignin solution decreases by 93.9%, and a small amount of aliphatic alkane, alcohol, acid and ester are formed via the cleavage of aromatic rings as well as the deprivation of side chains in original lignin. This work provides an alternative way to efficiently treat spent pulping liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - Xiangzhen Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - Tao Ruan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
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Su J, Yang L, Liu RN, Lin H. Low-temperature oxidation of guaiacol to maleic acid over TS-1 catalyst in alkaline aqueous H2O2 solutions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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He M, Sun Y, Han B. Grüne Kohlenstoffwissenschaft: eine wissenschaftliche Grundlage für das Verknüpfen von Verarbeitung, Nutzung und Recycling der Kohlenstoffressourcen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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He M, Sun Y, Han B. Green Carbon Science: Scientific Basis for Integrating Carbon Resource Processing, Utilization, and Recycling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9620-33. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yadav BR, Garg A. Efficacy of Fresh and Used Supported Copper-Based Catalysts for Ferulic Acid Degradation by Wet Air Oxidation Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301787g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bholu R. Yadav
- Centre for Environmental Science
and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India,
400076
| | - Anurag Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science
and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India,
400076
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20
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Pandey MP, Kim CS. Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Zakzeski J, Bruijnincx PCA, Jongerius AL, Weckhuysen BM. The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3552-99. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900354u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3184] [Impact Index Per Article: 227.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zakzeski
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna L. Jongerius
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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