1
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Cheng CH, Liu HC, Lin JC. Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2321. [PMID: 34301078 PMCID: PMC8309468 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing microbial infections associated with biomedical devices or articles/furniture noted in a hospital or outpatient clinic remains a great challenge to researchers. Due to its stability and low toxicity, the N-halamine compound has been proposed as a potential antimicrobial agent. It can be incorporated into or blended with the FDA-approved biomaterials. Surface grafting or coating of N-halamine was also reported. Nevertheless, the hydrophobic nature associated with its chemical configuration may affect the microbial interactions with the chlorinated N-halamine-containing substrate. In this study, a polymerizable N-halamine compound was synthesized and grafted onto a polyurethane surface via a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) scheme. Further, using the sequential SI-ATRP reaction method, different hydrophilic monomers, namely poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA), were also grafted onto the polyurethane (PU) substrate before the N-halamine grafting reaction to change the surface properties of the N-halamine-modified substrate. It was noted that the chains containing the hydrophilic monomer and the polymerizable N-halamine compound were successfully grafted onto the PU substrate. The degree of chlorination was improved with the introduction of a hydrophilic monomer, except the HEMA. All of these hydrophilic monomer-containing N-halamine-modified PU substrates demonstrated a more than 2 log CFU reduction after microbial incubation. In contrast, the surface modified with N-halamine only exhibited significantly less antimicrobial efficacy instead. This is likely due to the synergistic effects caused by the reduced chlorine content, as well as the reduced surface interactions with the microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, aoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Han-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Che Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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2
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Tian C, Wu F, Jiao W, Liu X, Yin X, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. Antibacterial and antiviral N-halamine nanofibrous membranes with nanonet structure for bioprotective applications. COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [PMCID: PMC7879819 DOI: 10.1016/j.coco.2021.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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3
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Buffa R, Hermannová M, Sojka M, Svozil V, Šulc P, Halamková P, Pospíšilová M, Krejčí H, Velebný V. Hyaluronic acid chloramide-Synthesis, chemical structure, stability and analysis of antimicrobials. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116928. [PMID: 33049842 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electron-deficient chlorine covalently immobilised on an amido group of hyaluronic acid (HA) can be potentially exceptional for applications requiring biodegradable and biocompatible polymers with enhanced antibacterial or antiviral activity. This expectation is supported by the assumption that a small amount of HA chloramide (HACl) is formed in the extracellular matrix under inflammatory conditions by a reaction of endogenous HA with hypochlorous acid (HClO) generated by a myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system. HACl synthesis optimisation showed significant limitations of HClO as an oxidative agent where only lower degrees of substitution (DS) was achieved. Commercially available oxidative agents based on chlorinated isocyanuric acid were successfully tested, producing the HA chain with almost entirely chlorinated amidic groups. The structure of the final HACl was thoroughly studied using advanced 2-dimensional NMR methodologies and LC/MS. Stability of HACl at different temperatures was monitored over 12 months. Preliminary antimicrobial and antiviral tests demonstrated the potential of HACl for applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Buffa
- Contipro Ltd., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Martin Sojka
- Regional Public Health Authority, Komárno, Slovakia
| | - Vít Svozil
- Contipro Ltd., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šulc
- Contipro Ltd., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Helena Krejčí
- Contipro Ltd., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic
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4
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Abstract
Pathogenic microbial contamination poses serious threats to human healthcare and economies worldwide, which instigates the booming development of challenging antibacterial materials. N-halamine fibrous materials (NFMs), as an important part of antibacterial materials, featuring structural continuity, good pore connectivity, rapid sterilization, rechargeable bactericidal activity, and safety to humans and environment, have received significant research attention. This review aims to present a systematic discussion of the recent advances in N-halamine antibacterial fibrous materials. We firstly introduce the chemical structures and properties of N-halamine materials. Subsequently, the developed NFMs can be categorized based on their fabrication strategies, including surface modification and one-step spinning. Then some representative applications of these fibrous materials are highlighted. Finally, challenges and future research directions of the materials are discussed in the hope of giving suggestions for the following studies. The chemical structures and properties of N-halamine materials are briefly introduced. Design and fabrication strategies of N-halamine fibrous materials are systematically reviewed. The functional applications of the N-halamine fibrous materials are discussed. Challenges and future research directions of the antibacterial N-halamine fibrous materials are provided.
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5
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Li L, Ma W, Ding J, Li R, Ren X, Gu Z, Sun Y. Rational design of TiO 2 nanomaterials using miniemulsion polymerization: rapid antimicrobial efficiency and enhanced UV stability. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1757108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuehong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Gu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Jing Z, Xiu K, Ren X, Sun Y. Cationic polymeric N-halamines bind onto biofilms and inactivate adherent bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 166:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Tharmalingam N, Rajmuthiah R, Kim W, Fuchs BB, Jeyamani E, Kelso MJ, Mylonakis E. Antibacterial Properties of Four Novel Hit Compounds from a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Caenorhabditis elegans High-Throughput Screen. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:666-674. [PMID: 29461939 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the discovery of effective new antimicrobial agents to combat the rise of bacterial drug resistance. High-throughput screening (HTS) in whole-animal infection models is a powerful tool for identifying compounds that show antibacterial activity and low host toxicity. In this report, we characterize the activities of four novel antistaphylococcal compounds identified from an HTS campaign conducted using Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The hit compounds included an N-hydroxy indole-1, a substituted melamine derivative-2, N-substituted indolic alkyl isothiocyanate-3, and p-difluoromethylsulfide analog-4 of the well-known protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the four compounds ranged from 2 to 8 μg/ml against MRSA-MW2 and Enterococcus faecium and all were bacteriostatic. The compounds were mostly inactive against Gram-negative pathogens, with only 1 and 4 showing slight activity (MIC = 32 μg/ml) against Acinetobacter baumanii. Compounds 2 and 3 (but not 1 or 4) were found to perturb MRSA membranes. In phagocytosis assays, compounds 1, 2, and 4 inhibited the growth of internalized MRSA in macrophages, whereas compound 3 showed a remarkable ability to clear intracellular MRSA at its MIC (p < 0.001). None of the compounds showed hemolytic activity at concentrations below 64 μg/ml (p = 0.0021). Compounds 1, 2, and 4 (but not 3) showed synergistic activity against MRSA with ciprofloxacin, while compound 3 synergized with erythromycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and vancomycin. In conclusion, we describe four new antistaphylococcal compounds that warrant further study as novel antibacterial agents against Gram-positive organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Tharmalingam
- 1 Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rajmohan Rajmuthiah
- 1 Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Wooseong Kim
- 1 Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- 1 Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elamparithi Jeyamani
- 2 Massachusetts General Hospital , Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Kelso
- 3 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- 1 Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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8
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Xiu K, Wen J, Liu J, He C, Sun Y. Controlling the Structure and Antimicrobial Function of N-Halamine-Based Polyurethane Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kemao Xiu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Jianchuan Wen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Jianhong Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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9
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Xiu K, Wen J, Porteous N, Sun Y. Controlling bacterial fouling with polyurethane/ N-halamine semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2017; 32:542-554. [PMID: 30034088 DOI: 10.1177/0883911516689334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
N -halamine-based interpenetrating polymer networks were developed as a simple and effective strategy in the preparation of antimicrobial polymers. An N-halamine monomer, N-chloro-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate, was incorporated into polyurethane in the presence of a cross-linker and an initiator. Post-polymerization of the monomers led to the formation of polyurethane/N-halamine semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. The presence of N-halamines in the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance infrared, water contact angle, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The N-halamine contents in the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks could be readily controlled by changing reaction conditions. The distribution of active chlorines within the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks was characterized with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Contact mode antimicrobial tests, zone of inhibition studies, and scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks had potent antimicrobial and antifouling effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Release tests demonstrated the outstanding stability of the N-halamine structures in the new semi-interpenetrating polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemao Xiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jianchuan Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Nuala Porteous
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Tian H, Zhai Y, Pan N, Yin M, Ren X, Liang J. Preparation and characterization of antibacterial mesoporous sieves with N-halamine. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Li Y, Liu X, Tan L, Cui Z, Yang X, Yeung KK, Pan H, Wu S. Construction of N-halamine labeled silica/zinc oxide hybrid nanoparticles for enhancing antibacterial ability of Ti implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Dong A, Wang YJ, Gao Y, Gao T, Gao G. Chemical Insights into Antibacterial N-Halamines. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4806-4862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alideertu Dong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jie Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Yangyang Gao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Gao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Gao
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Shandil Y, Chauhan GS, Kumar P. Antimicrobial properties of bio-inspired poly(4-vinyl-2-pyridone) and its N-alkylated cationic derivatives. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Shandil
- Department of Chemistry; Himachal Pradesh University; Shimla - 171005 India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology; Himachal Pradesh University; Shimla - 171005 India
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14
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Liu Y, Li J, Li L, McFarland S, Ren X, Acevedo O, Huang TS. Characterization and Mechanism for the Protection of Photolytic Decomposition of N-Halamine Siloxane Coatings by Titanium Dioxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3516-23. [PMID: 26824841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
N-Halamine antibacterial materials have superior inactivation activities due to oxidative chlorine species. However, N-Cl bonds and bonds between N-halamine and substrates often decompose rapidly under UV irradiation, leading to unrecoverable loss of antimicrobial activity. In this study, titanium dioxide was covalently bonded onto N-halamine siloxane poly[5,5-dimethyl-3-(3'-triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin] (PSPH) via a sol-gel process. Experimental testing of the chlorinated cotton fabrics treated with TiO2/PSPH demonstrated that the residual oxidative chlorine in cotton-TiO2/PSPH-Cl was still effective for inactivating bacteria after 50 washing cycles and under UV light irradiation for 24 h. Quantum mechanical calculations found that TiO2 improves the UV stability of the PSPH-Cl system by increasing the activation barrier of the C-Si scission reaction responsible for the loss of the biocidal hydantoin moiety. SEM, XPS and FTIR spectra were used to characterize the coated cotton samples. Cotton-TiO2/PSPH-Cl samples exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895). The storage stability and washing stability of treated cotton fabrics were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Stuart McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Xuehong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - T S Huang
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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15
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Development of a New Monomer for the Synthesis of Intrinsic Antimicrobial Polymers with Enhanced Material Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20050-66. [PMID: 26305247 PMCID: PMC4581340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160820050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biocidal compounds in polymers is steadily increasing because it is one solution to the need for safety and hygiene. It is possible to incorporate an antimicrobial moiety to a polymer. These polymers are referred to as intrinsic antimicrobial. The biocidal action results from contact of the polymer to the microorganisms, with no release of active molecules. This is particularly important in critical fields like food technology, medicine and ventilation technology, where migration or leaching is crucial and undesirable. The isomers N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethenyl-benzenamine and N-(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-3-ethenyl-benzenamine (TBAMS) are novel (Co-)Monomers for intrinsic anti-microbial polymers. The secondary amines were prepared and polymerized to the corresponding water insoluble polymer. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by the test method JIS Z 2801:2000. Investigations revealed a high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a reduction level of >4.5 log10 units. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of E. coli. in contact with the polymer indicates a bactericidal action which is caused by disruption of the bacteria cell membranes, leading to lysis of the cells.
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16
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17
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Dong Q, Dong A, Morigen. Evaluation of Novel Antibacterial N-Halamine Nanoparticles Prodrugs towards Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Induced by DksA Protein. Molecules 2015; 20:7292-308. [PMID: 25905606 PMCID: PMC6272370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel N-halamine nanoparticles potentially useful for killing pathogenic bacteria, i.e., SiO2@PS/N-halamine NPs, were successfully synthesized via the immobilization of N-halamines onto the polystyrene-coated silica nanoparticles (SiO2@PS NPs). The effect of reaction conditions, i.e., chlorination temperature, bleaching concentration, chlorination time, on the oxidative chlorine content in the products was systematically investigated. The antibacterial activity of the products was tested via the modified plate counting methd using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model bacterium. The possible mechanism of the antibacterial action of the products was also studied using scanning electron microscopy combined with a inhibition zone study. The antimicrobial capability of the products was well controlled by tuning the oxidative chlorine content in the products. More importantly, the role of DksA protein in the susceptibility of E. coli against the products was proven using a time-kill assay. This in-depth investigation of the sensitivity of E. coli towards N-halamine NPs provides a systematic understanding of the utility of N-halamines for deactivating bacteria or even disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigeqi Dong
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Morigen
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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18
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Li C, Hou J, Huang Z, Zhao T, Xiao L, Gao G, Harnoode C, Dong A. Assessment of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol-based amine N-halamine-labeled silica nanoparticles as potent antibiotics for deactivating bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Li C, Xue L, Cai Q, Bao S, Zhao T, Xiao L, Gao G, Harnoode C, Dong A. Design, synthesis and biocidal effect of novel amine N-halamine microspheres based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol as promising antibacterial agents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel superior antibiotics, i.e. amine N-halamine nanoparticles were synthesized via the radical copolymerization, and their bactericidal effects were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyan Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarina Bao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghan Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chokto Harnoode
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
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20
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Hui F, Debiemme-Chouvy C. Antimicrobial N-halamine polymers and coatings: a review of their synthesis, characterization, and applications. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:585-601. [PMID: 23391154 DOI: 10.1021/bm301980q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial N-halamine polymers and coatings have been studied extensively over the past decade thanks to their numerous qualities such as effectiveness toward a broad spectrum of microorganisms, long-term stability, regenerability, safety to humans and environment and low cost. In this review, recent developments are described by emphasizing the synthesis of polymers and/or coatings having N-halamine moieties. Actually, three main approaches of preparation are given in detail: polymerization, generation by electrochemical route with proteins as monomers and grafting with precursor monomers. Identification and characterization of the formation of the N-halamine bonds (>N-X with X = Cl or Br or I) by physical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and by chemical reactions are described. In order to check the antimicrobial activity of the N-halamine compounds, bacterial tests are also described. Finally, some examples of application of these N-halamines in the water treatment, paints, healthcare equipment, and textile industries are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Hui
- CNRS, UPR 15 du CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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21
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Sun X, Cao Z, Porteous N, Sun Y. An N-halamine-based rechargeable antimicrobial and biofilm controlling polyurethane. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1498-506. [PMID: 22244984 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An N-halamine precursor, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH), was covalently linked to the surface of polyurethane (PU) with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as the coupling agent. The reaction pathways were investigated using propyl isocyanate (PI) as a model compound. The results suggested that the imide and amide groups of DMH have very similar reactivities toward the isocyanate groups on PU surfaces activated with HDI. After bleach treatment the covalently bound DMH moieties were transformed into N-halamines. The new N-halamine-based PU provided potent antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium), Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacterium), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterium), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE, drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterium), and Candida albicans (fungus), and successfully prevented bacterial and fungal biofilm formation. The antimicrobial and biofilm controlling effects were stable for longer than 6 months under normal storage in open air. Furthermore, if the functions were lost due to prolonged use they could be recharged by another chlorination treatment. The recharging could be repeated as needed to achieve long-term protection against microbial contamination and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Sun
- Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
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Padmanabhuni RV, Luo J, Cao Z, Sun Y. Preparation and Characterization of N-Halamine-based Antimicrobial Fillers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012; 51:5148-5156. [PMID: 22942559 DOI: 10.1021/ie300212x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the surface of CaCO(3) fillers could be coated with an N-halamine based fatty acid to make the filler surface organophilic and accomplish antibacterial activity simultaneously, rendering the resulting polymer-filler composites antimicrobial. Thus, a new bi-functional compound, 4, 4 -Dimethyl hydantoin-undecanoic acid (DMH-UA), was synthesized by treating the potassium salt of dimethyl hydantoin (DMH) with 11-bromoundecanoic acid (BUA). Upon chlorination treatment with diluted bleach, DMH-UA was transformed into 3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl hydantoin- undecanoic acid (Cl-DMH-UA). Alternatively, DMH-UA could be coated onto the surface of CaCO(3) to obtain the corresponding calcium salt, 4, 4-dimethyl hydantoin-undecanoic acid-calcium carbonate (DMH-UA-CaCO(3)). In the presence of diluted chlorine bleach, the coated DMH-UA on the surface of CaCO(3) was transformed into Cl-DMH-UA, leading to the formation of Cl-DMH-UA-CaCO(3). The reactions were characterized with FT-IR, NMR, UV, DSC and SEM analyses. Both Cl-DMH-UA and Cl-DMH-UA-CaCO(3) were used as antimicrobial additives for cellulose acetate (CA). The antimicrobial efficacy of the resulting samples was evaluated against both Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria). It was found that with the same additive content, CA samples with Cl-DMH-UA-CaCO(3) and Cl-DMH-UA had very similar antimicrobial and biofilm-controlling activity, but the former released less active chlorine into the surrounding environment than the latter.
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Porteous N, Schoolfield J, Luo J, Sun Y. The biofilm-controlling functions of rechargeable antimicrobial N-halamine dental unit waterline tubing. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENTISTRY 2011; 22:163-170. [PMID: 22403982 PMCID: PMC4450763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A study was conducted to test the biofilm-controlling functions of N-halamine tubing over an eight-month period. METHODS A laboratory system, simulating a teaching dental clinic, was used to test rechargeable N-halamine tubing (T) compared to an untreated control (C) using the unit manufacturer's tubing. For the long-term study, a recharged tubing (RC) treated with bleach was used to compare with the test (T) and the control (C) tubing. Source tap water was cycled through the lines at 1.4 mL/minute, five minutes on and 25 minutes off, eight hours/day, five days/week. Every three weeks, samples of effluent, recovered adherent bacteria from inside tubing surfaces, and SEM images were examined for bacterial and biofilm growth. After sampling, a recharging solution of chlorine bleach (1 : 10 dilution) was run through T and RC lines, left overnight, and rinsed out the next morning. One-way ANOVAs and Spearman correlations were performed to detect significant differences for T, RC, and C, and determine significance with time period and source water, respectively. RESULTS Mean log CFU/mL for C effluent > T (p = 0.028), and C tubing > T (p = 0.035). Spearman correlations were significant between effluent and source water level for T (rho = 0.817), and T tubing (0.750); between RC tubing and source water level (rho = 0.836), and time (rho = 0.745); and between C and time (rho = 0.873). SEM imaging confirmed the presence of biofilm inside RC and C, but not inside T. CONCLUSION N-halamine tubing completely inhibited biofilm formation without negatively affecting the physical properties of the effluent water. Further research on N-halamine tubing using a pure water source is recommended, as T effluent bacterial levels reflected the source tap water quality and proliferation of planktonic bacteria with no biofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Porteous
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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