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Abdul Sattar M. Surface Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black: A Dual Functional Sustainable Filler for Natural Rubber Composites. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301001. [PMID: 37743618 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The significant rise in end-of-life tires (ELTs) globally poses immediate environmental and human health risks. Therefore, to promote ELTs recycling and to reduce tire industry carbon emissions, herein we present a facile approach for fine-tuning the interfacial interactions between pyrolytic carbon black (P-CB) obtained from ELTs and natural rubber (NR) matrix using phosphonium-based ionic liquid (PIL). The reinforcing effect of PIL-activated P-CB was studied by replacing the furnace-grade carbon black (N330-CB) with varying PIL and P-CB loadings. Adding PIL improved the filler dispersion and the cross-linking kinetics with a substantially reduced zinc oxide (ZnO) loading. Considering the cross-linking and viscoelastic properties, it was concluded that the composite, P-CB/N330-CB-PIL (1.5)+ZnO (1) with half substitution of N330-CB with P-CB synergistically works with 1.5 phr PIL and 1 phr of ZnO resulting in improved dynamic-mechanical properties with a minimal loss tangent value at 60 °C (tanδ=0.0689) and improved glass transition temperature (Tg =-38 °C) compared to control composite. The significant drop (~29 % lower) in tanδ could reduce fuel consumption and related CO2 emissions. We envisage that this strategy opens an essential avenue for "Green Tire Technology" towards the substantial pollution abatement from ELTs and reduces the toxic ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Sattar
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- R&D Centre, MRF Limited, Chennai, 600019, India
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2
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Sattar MA, Patnaik A. Phosphonium Ionic Liquid-Activated Sulfur Vulcanization: A Way Forward to Reduce Zinc Oxide Levels in Industrial Rubber Formulations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202309. [PMID: 36756929 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of zinc oxide and accelerators such as diphenyl guanidine (DPG) in the vulcanization of rubber composites entail potential environmental risks. These are pervasive contaminants of roadway runoff originating from tire wear particles (TWPs). Herein, the effect of phosphonium ionic liquids (PILs) in styrene-butadiene rubber compounds was demonstrated with reduced ZnO loading and no DPG to minimize the environmental footprint of the vulcanization process. The structure and chemistry of PILs were found to be the influencing parameters impelling the cross-linking kinetics, enabling shorter induction times. The generation of active Zn2+ sites by PILs was examined through FTIR spectroscopy, calorimetry, and molecular dynamics simulations. From a tire application perspective, the PILs not only enhanced the cure kinetics but also improved the dynamic-mechanical behavior of the rubber composites. Consequently, the harm caused by TWPs to the atmosphere, fuel intake, and CO2 emissions was minimal, thereby confirming the potential use of PILs in the tire industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Sattar
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- R&D Centre, MRF Limited, Chennai, 600019, India
| | - Archita Patnaik
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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3
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Wei L, Wang L, Cui Z, Liu Y, Du A. Multifunctional Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Materials: A Brief Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093836. [PMID: 37175245 PMCID: PMC10180292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a new generation of green media and functional materials, ionic liquids (ILs) have been extensively investigated in scientific and industrial communities, which have found numerous ap-plications in polymeric materials. On the one hand, much of the research has determined that ILs can be applied to modify polymers which use nanofillers such as carbon black, silica, graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, etc., toward the fabrication of high-performance polymer composites. On the other hand, ILs were extensively reported to be utilized to fabricate polymeric materials with improved thermal stability, thermal and electrical conductivity, etc. Despite substantial progress in these areas, summary and discussion of state-of-the-art functionalities and underlying mechanisms of ILs are still inadequate. In this review, a comprehensive introduction of various fillers modified by ILs precedes a systematic summary of the multifunctional applications of ILs in polymeric materials, emphasizing the effect on vulcanization, thermal stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, selective permeability, electromagnetic shielding, piezoresistive sensitivity and electrochemical activity. Overall, this review in this area is intended to provide a fundamental understanding of ILs within a polymer context based on advantages and disadvantages, to help researchers expand ideas on the promising applications of ILs in polymer fabrication with enormous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ziwen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Aihua Du
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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4
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Wu Q, Zhao C, Wang Q, Liu J. Successive preconcentration and mechanistic investigation of Au( iii), Pd( ii), Pt( iv) and Rh( iii) via cloud point extraction using a functionalised ionic liquid. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes the efficient separation of Au(iii)/Pd(ii)/Pt(iv)/Rh(iii) through the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-functionalised ionic liquid ([C6mim][2MBT]) using a cloud point extraction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Anhui Zhongzheng Environment Co., Ltd, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Zhao
- School of Energy and Machinery, Dezhou University, DeZhou, Shandong, 253023, P. R. China
| | - Qinzhong Wang
- School of Energy and Machinery, Dezhou University, DeZhou, Shandong, 253023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tai'an Hospital District, the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Tai’an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
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5
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Influence of the Silica Specific Surface Area and Ionic Liquids on the Curing Characteristics and Performance of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185302. [PMID: 34576519 PMCID: PMC8471480 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present the effect of silica’s specific surface area (180 m2·g−1 and 380 m2·g−1, respectively) on the crosslinking of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites, as well as their crosslink density and functional properties, such as thermal stability, damping behavior, resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, and tensile properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) with a bromide anion and different cations, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmi), 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium (Bmpyr), and 1-butyl-3-methylpiperidinium (Bmpip), were used to enhance the cure characteristics of SBR compounds and the functional properties of SBR vulcanizates. It was proven that apart from the silica’s specific surface area, the filler–polymer and filler–filler physical interactions have a significant impact on the vulcanization kinetics of silica-filled SBR composites. Additionally, the performed studies have shown that ILs positively affected the dispersion of silica’s particles and reduced their ability to form agglomerates in the elastomer matrix, which enhanced the functional properties of the SBR vulcanizates.
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Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Silica/Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates with Eco-Friendly Ionic Liquid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112763. [PMID: 33238571 PMCID: PMC7700482 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we designed greener rubber nanocomposites exhibiting high crosslinking density, and excellent mechanical and thermal properties, with a potential application in technical fields including high-strength and heat-resistance products. Herein 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) ionic liquid was combined with silane coupling agent to formulate the nanocomposites. The impact of [EMIM]OAc on silica dispersion in a nitrile rubber (NBR) matrix was investigated by a transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The combined use of the ionic liquid and silane in an NBR/silica system facilitates the homogeneous dispersion of the silica volume fraction (φ) from 0.041 to 0.177 and enhances crosslinking density of the matrix up to three-fold in comparison with neat NBR, and also it is beneficial for solving the risks of alcohol emission and ignition during the rubber manufacturing. The introduction of ionic liquid greatly improves the mechanical strength (9.7 MPa) with respect to neat NBR vulcanizate, especially at high temperatures e.g., 100 °C. Furthermore, it impacts on rheological behaviors of the nanocomposites and tends to reduce energy dissipation for the vulcanizates under large amplitude dynamic shear deformation.
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Kuśmierek M, Szadkowski B, Marzec A. The Essential Role of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids in the Development of Transparent Silica-Filled Elastomer Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4337. [PMID: 33003590 PMCID: PMC7579352 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the design of reinforced silica-filled elastomer composites exhibiting a high transparency, high mechanical performance in static and dynamic conditions, and improved electrical conductivity. Two different imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) were used with increasing loads: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIMTFSI) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate (BMIMAlCl4). The composites were prepared in a two-roll mill. The influence of the ILs on the dispersion of the silica in the nitrile rubber (NBR) matrix was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of ILs in the NBR/SiO2 systems improved the crosslink density and ionic conductivity of the composites. Their mechanical properties and aging stability remained almost unchanged, at a very satisfactory level. Greater crosslinking was observed for the NBR/SiO2 composites containing BMIMAlCl4, due to its catalytic effect on the efficiency of interface crosslinking reactions. We found the optimal formulation for obtaining transparent reinforced NBR/SiO2 composites. The application of 2.5 phr of BMIMAlCl4 resulted in a high transparency in the case of NBR composites filled with 30 phr of silica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Marzec
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (B.S.)
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Tarasova N, Krivoborodov E, Egorova A, Zanin A, Glukhov L, Toropygin I, Mezhuev Y. Reaction of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate with elemental sulfur. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
By the methods of MALDI and mass spectroscopy with the detection of positively and negatively charged ions, it was found that the reaction of elemental sulfur and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate is accompanied by the opening of the S8 ring. 1H, 13C, 15N and 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that the interaction of S8 and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate proceeds exclusively on the oxygen atom of the dimethylphosphate anion carrying a negative charge. Kohn-Sham calculations at B3LYP/STO-3G, B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311G* levels of theory confirmed that the reaction of S8 with dimethylphosphate anion is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tarasova
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow, 125047 , Russia
- Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 119017 , Russia
| | - Efrem Krivoborodov
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow, 125047 , Russia
| | - Anna Egorova
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow, 125047 , Russia
| | - Alexey Zanin
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow, 125047 , Russia
| | - Lev Glukhov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 119991 , Russia
| | - Ilya Toropygin
- V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 119121 , Russia
| | - Yaroslav Mezhuev
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow, 125047 , Russia
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Li K, You J, Liu Y, Zhu K, Xue C, Guo X, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Functionalized starch as a novel eco-friendly vulcanization accelerator enhancing mechanical properties of natural rubber. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 231:115705. [PMID: 31888836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel eco-friendly vulcanization accelerator, starch supported sodium isobutyl xanthate (SSX) has been synthesized firstly. The modification of starch using sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) has improved the thermal stability significantly, and the vulcanization process of natural rubber (NR) could be accelerated by SSX at 145 ℃ accordingly. More importantly, SSX can be dispersed into NR matrix uniformly along with the strong interfacial interaction between SSX and NR, as evidenced by the constrained rubber chains around SSX surface. In addition, mechanical properties of the obtained NR have been enhanced remarkably, showing a 22.4 % increase in tensile strength when compared with traditional vulcanization accelerator. Laying on the fact that a novel vulcanization accelerator has been fabricated successfully using SIBX functionalized starch, new strategies for the preparation of green vulcanization accelerators and the functional application of biopolymers can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuncai Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Jianhua You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Kaizheng Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Chengliao Xue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiwei Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zhifen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of the Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Yucang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of the Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
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11
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Hussain M, Yasin S, Adnan Akram M, Xu H, Song Y, Zheng Q. Influence of Ionic Liquids on Structure and Rheological Behaviors of Silica-Filled Butadiene Rubber. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munir Hussain
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sohail Yasin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Akram
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huilong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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12
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Hydroxymethylation-Modified Lignin and Its Effectiveness as a Filler in Rubber Composites. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kraft lignin was modified by using hydroxymethylation to enhance the compatibility between rubber based on a blend of natural rubber/polybutadiene rubber (NR/BR) and lignin. To confirm this modification, the resultant hydroxymethylated kraft lignin (HMKL) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was then incorporated into rubber composites and compared with unmodified rubber. All rubber composites were investigated in terms of rheology, mechanical properties, aging, thermal properties, and morphology. The results show that the HMKL influenced the mechanical properties (tensile properties, hardness, and compression set) of NR/BR composites compared to unmodified lignin. Further evidence also revealed better dispersion and good interaction between the HMKL and the rubber matrix. Based on its performance in NR/BR composites, hydroxymethylated lignin can be used as a filler in the rubber industry.
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Pingot M, Szadkowski B, Zaborski M. Experimental investigation on activity of cumene hydroperoxide and selected ionic liquids in butadiene rubber vulcanization. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pingot
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology; Lodz University of Technology; Lodz Poland
| | - Bolesław Szadkowski
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology; Lodz University of Technology; Lodz Poland
| | - Marian Zaborski
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology; Lodz University of Technology; Lodz Poland
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Zhong B, Dong H, Lin J, Jia Z, Luo Y, Jia D, Liu F. Preparation of Halloysite Nanotubes–Silica Hybrid Supported Vulcanization Accelerator for Enhancing Interfacial and Mechanical Strength of Rubber Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangchao Zhong
- School of Materials Science
and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan
Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- School of Materials Science
and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan
Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Materials Science
and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan
Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- School of Materials Science
and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan
Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuanfang Luo
- School of Materials Science
and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan
Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Demin Jia
- School of Materials Science
and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan
Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Materials Science
and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan
Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang X, Xue X, Jia H, Wang J, Ji Q, Xu Z. Influence of ionic liquid on the polymer-filler coupling and mechanical properties of nano-silica filled elastomer. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Hongbing Jia
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology; Nanjing Institute of Technology; Nanjing 211167 China
- College of Material Engineering; Nanjing Institute of Technology; Nanjing 211167 China
| | - Qingmin Ji
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Zhaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of C & PC Structures of Ministry of Education; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
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16
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Wang J, Jia H, Ding L, Xiong X. Impacts of filler covalent and non-covalent modification on the network structure and mechanical properties of carbon-silica dual phase filler/natural rubber. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Hongbing Jia
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry; Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; 111 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
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