1
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He L, Chen MJ, Zeng FR, Wang T, Wei-Luo, Fang DX, Guo SQ, Deng C, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Multiple free-radical-trapping and hydrogen-bonding-enhanced polyurethane foams with long-lasting flame retardancy, aging resistance, and toughness. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38967543 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is a ubiquitous material utilized in furniture cushions, mattresses, and various technical applications. Despite the widespread use, FPUF faces challenges in maintaining long-lasting flame retardancy and aging resistance, particularly in harsh environments, while retaining mechanical robustness. Here, we present a novel approach to address these issues by enhancing FPUF through multiple free-radical-trapping and hydrogen-bonding mechanisms. A hindered amine phosphorus-containing polyol (DTAP) was designed and chemically introduced into FPUF. The distinctive synergy between hindered amine and phosphorus-containing structures enables the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds with urethane, while also effectively capturing free radicals across a broad temperature spectrum. As a result, incorporating only 5.1 wt% of DTAP led to the material successfully passing vertical burning tests and witnessing notable enhancements in tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength. Even after enduring accelerated thermal aging for 168 hours, the foam maintained exceptional flame retardancy and mechanical properties. This study offers novel insights into material enhancement, simultaneously achieving outstanding long-lasting flame retardancy, toughness, and anti-aging performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ming-Jun Chen
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Fu-Rong Zeng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Wei-Luo
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Dan-Xuan Fang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Shuai-Qi Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cong Deng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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2
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Che A, Espejo J, Ling CC. Synthesis and Inclusion Properties of a β-Cyclodextrin Heptaphosphoramidate. Molecules 2024; 29:2714. [PMID: 38930780 PMCID: PMC11205585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel per-6-substituted β-cyclodextrin (4) featuring seven phosphoramidate moieties as an innovative host for inclusion. This structurally well-defined host has remarkable water solubility and was isolated in pure form. Analytical techniques such as NMR and ITC were used to probe the molecular interactions with different drug molecules. Our investigations revealed that host 4 can form 2:1 inclusion complexes with various drugs. Further studies showed that the inclusions of drugs by β-CD host (4) are mostly enthalpy driven, highlighting the potential roles played by the phosphoramidate functionalities of the host. Comparatively, a per-O2, O3-acetylated analog (6) of compound 4 was also obtained, which also shows unusual water solubility but diminished inclusion capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.C.); (J.E.)
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3
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Feng J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Liang H, Wang H, Song P. Rethinking the pathway to sustainable fire retardants. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220088. [PMID: 37933239 PMCID: PMC10624375 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are currently used in a wide range of industry sectors for saving lives and property by mitigating fire hazards. The growing fire safety requirements for materials boost an escalating demand for consumption of fire retardants. This has significantly driven both the industry and scientific community to pursue sustainable fire retardants, but what makes a sustainable flame retardant? Here an overview of recent advances in sustainable flame retardants is offered, and their renewable raw materials, green synthesis and life cycle assessments are highlighted. A discussion on key challenges that hinder the innovation of fire retardants and design principles for creating truly sustainable yet cost-effective fire retardants are also presented. This short work is expected to help drive the development of sustainable, cost-effective fire retardants, and expedite the creation of a more sustainable and safer society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Feng
- China‐Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and ManufacturingJiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and EngineeringNingboTech UniversityNingboChina
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityTexasUSA
| | - Hong Liang
- Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityTexasUSA
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Future MaterialsUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future MaterialsUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
- School of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
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4
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Wang H, Liu Q, Li H, Zhang H, Yan S. Flame-Retardant and Smoke-Suppressant Flexible Polyurethane Foams Based on Phosphorus-Containing Polyester Diols and Expandable Graphite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051284. [PMID: 36904525 PMCID: PMC10006967 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A liquid-phosphorus-containing polyester diol, PPE, was prepared via condensation polymerization using commercial reactive flame retardant 9,10-dihydro-10-[2,3-di(hydroxycarbonyl)propyl]-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide, adipic acid, ethylene glycol, and 1,4-butanediol. PPE and/or expandable graphite (EG) were then incorporated into phosphorus-containing flame-retardant polyester-based flexible polyurethane foams (P-FPUFs). The structure and properties of the resultant P-FPUFs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy tensile measurements, limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests, cone calorimeter tests, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Unlike the FPUF prepared using regular polyester polyol (R-FPUF), PPE increased the flexibility and elongation at break of the resultant forms. More importantly, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of P-FPUF were reduced by 18.6% and 16.3%, respectively, via gas-phase-dominated flame-retardant mechanisms, compared with those of R-FPUF. The addition of EG further reduced the peak smoke production release (PSR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the resultant FPUFs while increasing the LOI and char formation. Interestingly, it was observed that EG noticeably improved the residual quantity of phosphorus in the char residue. When the EG loading was 15 phr, the resulting FPUF (P-FPUF/15EG) attained a high LOI value (29.2%) and exhibited good anti-dripping performance. Meanwhile, the PHRR, THR, and TSP of P-FPUF/15EG were significantly decreased by 82.7%, 40.3%, and 83.4%, respectively, compared with those of P-FPUF. This superior flame-retardant performance can be attributed to the combination of the bi-phase flame-retardant behavior of PPE and condensed-phase flame-retardant characteristics of EG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Liu
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (H.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hui Li
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (H.L.); (S.Y.)
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5
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Krylov AS, Piterskaya YL, Gurzhiy VV, Voronina DY, Dogadina AV. Synthesis of Phosphoramidates Based on Aminopyridines. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Shen BR, Annamalai P, Bai R, Badsara SS, Lee CF. Blue LED-Mediated Syntheses of Arylazo Phosphine Oxides and Phosphonates via N-P Bond Formation. Org Lett 2022; 24:5988-5993. [PMID: 35926085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (E)-diphenyl(aryldiazenyl)phosphine oxides and dialkyl (E)-(aryldiazenyl)phosphonates via visible light-mediated N-P bond formation between diazo species and phosphine oxides and phosphite derivatives, respectively, is described. The diazo species were generated via the reaction of aniline with isoamyl nitrite, which upon reaction with phosphorus surrogates generated arylazophosphine oxides and arylazo phosphonates in good to excellent yields. This sustainable chemical process offers a broad substrate scope and reasonably viable product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ru Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Rekha Bai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN, Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Chin-Fa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.,i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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7
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Gu L, Shi Y, Zhang L. Synthesis and characterization of bio-based "three sources in one" intumescent flame retardant monomer and the intrinsic flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Zhou H, Tan S, Wang C, Wu Y. Enhanced flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam with low loading of liquid halogen-free phosphonium thiocyanate. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Bakhshipour B, Tarahhomi A, van der Lee A. Synthesis and structural study of five new phosphoric triamides: interplay between classical and non-classical intermolecular interactions. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2021-2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphoric triamides are attractive to investigate because of their extensive applications in various fields, especially in medicine. Five new phosphoric triamides with the main parts [N]P(O)[NH]2 and [C(O)NH]P(O)[N]2 have been structurally analyzed by single crystal MoKα/synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR and 1H, 13C, 31P NMR). Compounds crystallize in orthorhombic (1 with space group Pnma) and monoclinic (2 (P21/a), 3 (C2/c), 4 (P21/n) and 5 (P21/c)) crystal systems. The asymmetric unit of all structures consists of one phosphoric triamide molecule, except for 1 with one half of molecule. X-ray crystallography data reveal that the molecular architectures constructed by classical N—H … O hydrogen bonds are as 1D linear (building the
R
2
1
(
6
)
${R}_{2}^{1}\left(6\right)$
, C(4) and
R
2
2
(
10
)
/
R
2
1
(
6
)
${R}_{2}^{2}\left(10\right)/{R}_{2}^{1}\left(6\right)$
motifs, respectively, for 1–3) or dimeric (the
R
2
2
(
8
)
${R}_{2}^{2}\left(8\right)$
ring motif for 4 and 5). A detailed investigation of the intermolecular interactions using Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis illustrates that the H … H, O … H/H … O and C … H/H … C contacts for all compounds, and Cl … H/H … Cl and F … H/H … F contacts for 3–5, are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing. Moreover, based on the calculated enrichment ratios (E), the O … H/H … O contacts including the classical N—H … O hydrogen bonds for all structures are considered as favoured contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Bakhshipour
- Department of Chemistry , Semnan University , Semnan 35351-19111 , Iran
| | - Atekeh Tarahhomi
- Department of Chemistry , Semnan University , Semnan 35351-19111 , Iran
| | - Arie van der Lee
- IEM , Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , Montpellier , France
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10
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Data S, Leung Wai J, Kumar S, Cameron AJ, Trehet M, Itumoh EJ, Feld J, Söhnel T, Leitao EM. The Step‐Wise Synthesis of Oligomeric Phosphoramidates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Data
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jeffery Leung Wai
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Saawan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Alan J. Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland 3b Symonds St 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Manon Trehet
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Emeka J. Itumoh
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Joey Feld
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Erin M. Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
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11
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Ma C, Zhang K, Zhou F, Zheng Y, Zeng W, Wang B, Xing W, Hu W, Hu Y. Fabrication of flexible polyurethane/phosphorus interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) foam for enhanced thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Synthesis of Ethyl (Diethoxymethyl)phosphinate Derivatives and Their Flame Retardancy in Flexible Polyurethane Foam: Structure-flame Retardancy Relationships. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Lu S, Feng Y, Zhang P, Hong W, Chen Y, Fan H, Yu D, Chen X. Preparation of Flame-Retardant Polyurethane and Its Applications in the Leather Industry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111730. [PMID: 34070588 PMCID: PMC8198486 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel polymer, polyurethane (PU) has been widely applied in leather, synthetic leather, and textiles due to its excellent overall performance. Nevertheless, conventional PU is flammable and its combustion is accompanied by severe melting and dripping, which then generates hazardous fumes and gases. This defect limits PU applications in various fields, including the leather industry. Hence, the development of environmentally friendly, flame-retardant PU is of great significance both theoretically and practically. Currently, phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) reactive flame-retardant is a hot topic in the field of flame-retardant PU. Based on this, the preparation and flame-retardant mechanism of flame-retardant PU, as well as the current status of flame-retardant PU in the leather industry were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Yechang Feng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (P.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (P.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (P.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (X.C.)
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14
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Fu Y, Duan F, Du Z. Visible Light Driven Oxidative Coupling of Amines and P(O)−H/P−OR Compounds under Photocatalyst‐Free Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Fei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyin Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
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15
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Jiao LY, Peng XH, Wang ZL, Jia N, Li Z. When phosphoryl azide meets mechanochemistry: clean, rapid, and efficient synthesis of phosphoryl amides under B(C6F5)3 catalysis in a ball mill. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We described herein the first example associated with B(C6F5)3-catalyzed preparation of phosphoryl amides under mechanochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advance Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Lin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Nan Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advance Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
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16
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Baguian AF, Ouiminga SK, Longuet C, Caro-Bretelle AS, Corn S, Bere A, Sonnier R. Influence of Density on Foam Collapse under Burning. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E13. [PMID: 33375196 PMCID: PMC7793110 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fire behaviour of flexible polyurethane foams was studied using a cone calorimeter, with a special emphasis on the collapse step. Only one peak of heat release rate, ranging from 200 to 450 kW/m2, is observed for thin foams, depending on the foam density and the heat flux. On the contrary, heat release rate (HRR) curves exhibit two peaks for 10 cm-thick foams, the second one corresponding to the pool fire formed after foam collapse. In all cases, the collapse occurs at a constant rate through the whole thickness. The rate of the recession of the front was calculated using digital and infrared cameras. Interestingly, its value is relatively constant whatever the heat flux (especially between 25 and 35 kW/m2), probably because of the very low heat conductivity preventing heat transfer through the thickness. The rate increases for the lightest foam but the fraction of burnt polymer during collapse is constant. Therefore, the pool fire is more intense for the densest foam. A simple macroscopic model taking into account only the heat transfer into the foam leads to much lower front recession rates, evidencing that the collapse is piloted by the cell walls' rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Fayçal Baguian
- Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.F.B.); (S.K.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Salifou Koucka Ouiminga
- Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.F.B.); (S.K.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Claire Longuet
- IMT—Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, F-30319 Alès CEDEX, France;
| | - Anne-Sophie Caro-Bretelle
- LMGC, IMT Mines Ales, Université Montpellier, CNRS, F-30319 Alès CEDEX, France; (A.-S.C.-B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stéphane Corn
- LMGC, IMT Mines Ales, Université Montpellier, CNRS, F-30319 Alès CEDEX, France; (A.-S.C.-B.); (S.C.)
| | - Antoine Bere
- Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.F.B.); (S.K.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Rodolphe Sonnier
- IMT—Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, F-30319 Alès CEDEX, France;
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17
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Castrejón-Flores JL, Reyna-Luna J, Flores-Martinez YM, García-Ventura MI, Zamudio-Medina A, Franco-Pérez M. Characterizing the thermal degradation mechanism of two bisphosphoramidates by TGA, DSC, mass spectrometry and first-principle theoretical protocols. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Itumoh EJ, Data S, Leitao EM. Opening up the Toolbox: Synthesis and Mechanisms of Phosphoramidates. Molecules 2020; 25:E3684. [PMID: 32823507 PMCID: PMC7463754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the main synthetic routes to and the corresponding mechanisms of phosphoramidate formation. The synthetic routes can be separated into six categories: salt elimination, oxidative cross-coupling, azide, reduction, hydrophosphinylation, and phosphoramidate-aldehyde-dienophile (PAD). Examples of some important compounds synthesized through these routes are provided. As an important class of organophosphorus compounds, the applications of phosphoramidate compounds, are also briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka J. Itumoh
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.J.I.); (S.D.)
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki 480001, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Shailja Data
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.J.I.); (S.D.)
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Erin M. Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.J.I.); (S.D.)
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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19
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Wu Y, Chen K, Ge X, Ma P, Xu Z, Lu H, Li G. Redox-Neutral P(O)-N Coupling between P(O)-H Compounds and Azides via Dual Copper and Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6143-6149. [PMID: 32649207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a redox-neutral P(O)-N coupling reaction of P(O)-H compounds with azides via photoredox and copper catalysis, providing new access to useful phosphinamides, phosphonamides, and phosphoramides. This transformation tolerates a wide range of nucleophilic functionalities including alcohol and amine nucleophiles, which makes up for the deficiency of classical nitrogen nucleophilic substitution reactions. As a demonstration of the broad potential applications of this new methodology, late-stage functionalization of a diverse array of azido-bearing natural products and drug molecules, a preliminary asymmetric reaction, and a continuous visible-light photoflow process have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xia Ge
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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20
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Zeng SL, Xing CY, Chen L, Xu L, Li BJ, Zhang S. Green flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam based on cyclodextrin. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Yu H, Xia Y, Xu X, Zarshad N, Wu M, Ni H. Preparation of organic–inorganic intumescent flame retardant with phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon and its flame retardant effect for epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Yunfei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Xiuhang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Nighat Zarshad
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Henmei Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China
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22
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Bozorgvar MS, Tarahhomi A, van der Lee A. Three new amidophosphoric acid esters with a P(O)[OCH 2C(CH 3) 2CH 2O] segment: X-ray diffraction, DFT, AIM and Hirshfeld surface investigations of bi- and tri-furcated (three and four-center) hydrogen bond interactions. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2019-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Structural and packing features of three new amidophosphoric acid esters having a common part XP(O)[OCH2C(CH3)2CH2O], with X = [(CH3)3CNH] (1), [(CH3)2HCNH] (2) and [C6H11(CH3)N] (3), are investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results illustrate that the compounds 1 and 3 crystallize with one independent molecule in the asymmetric unit; whereas, for 2, the compound crystallizes with three independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structures are mostly stabilized via tri-furcated hydrogen bond interactions (C–H · · ·)2(N–H · · ·)O=P in 1 and (C–H · · ·)3O=P in 3, while the stability is given by bi-furcated hydrogen bond interactions (C–H · · ·)(N–H · · ·)O=P in 2. For a better understanding of the nature, strength and energetics associated with the formation of the quoted multi-center hydrogen bond interactions, the Natural Bond Order (NBO) method from Density Functional Theory (DFT) and a topological analysis by means of Atoms In Molecules (AIM) and Hirshfeld surface procedures were performed. These studies reveal that the studied multi-center hydrogen bond interactions of the type O · · · H are favoured in the crystal packing displaying enrichment ratios larger than unity. The detailed nature of the different interactions in these multi-center interactions is studied for the first time in such compounds. It is shown that the N–H · · · O interaction is rather non-covalent closed-shell whereas the C–H · · · O interaction is more van der Waals closed-shell. Stronger hydrogen bond interactions are observed for a lower multiple H-atom acceptor oxygen in three-center hydrogen bond interactions (C–H · · ·)(N–H · · ·)O=P of 2 than for four-center interactions in 1 [i.e. (C–H · · ·)2(N–H · · ·)O=P] and 3 [i.e. (C–H · · ·)3O=P]. The better H-atom acceptability of the O atom of P=O compared with the esteric O atom is explained by the richer s-character of the hybrid orbital of the O atom acceptor of P=O coupled with enhance of the polarization and charge. The obtained results are also confirmed by Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atekeh Tarahhomi
- Semnan University , Department of Chemistry , Semnan 35351-19111 , Iran
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpellier II , 34095 Montpellier , France
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23
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Sebghati M, Tarahhomi A, Kozakiewicz A. Association of Non‐covalent Interactions C−H…
X
(
X
=O, F, Cl, π) and Cl…π with Hydrogen Bond Interactions N−H…O in Molecular Assembly of New Phosphoramides: A Combined X‐Ray Crystallography and Topology (AIM and Hirshfeld) Analysis. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Sebghati
- Department of ChemistrySemnan University Semnan 35351-19111 Iran
| | - Atekeh Tarahhomi
- Department of ChemistrySemnan University Semnan 35351-19111 Iran
| | - Anna Kozakiewicz
- Faculty of ChemistryNicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 87-100 Toruń Poland
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24
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Gal JF, Maria PC, Yáñez M, Mó O. On the Lewis Basicity of Phosphoramides: A Critical Examination of Their Donor Number through Comparison of Enthalpies of Adduct Formation with SbCl 5 and BF 3. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2566-2576. [PMID: 31449349 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis basicity of a series of phosphoryl compounds was examined using DFT and ab initio methods, including solvation effects. The enthalpies of adduct formation with two archetypal Lewis acids, antimony pentachloride and boron trifluoride, used to define the donor number DN and the BF3 affinity (BF3 A) respectively, were examined. The BF3 adducts allow the use of the high-accuracy G4 approach, whereas for SbCl5 adducts, three different DFT formalisms, including empirical dispersion corrections, were used because the G4 formalism is not available for third-row elements. For a comparison with experimental data, solvation effects were taken into account by using the polarizable continuum model. The experimental BF3 affinities were well reproduced by G4 calculations when including PCM solvation. Conversely, comparisons of our calculated values and experimental results reported in the literature show that SbCl5 enthalpies for phosphoramides are in error. In particular the DN for HMPA should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Gal
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108, NICE, France
| | - Pierre-Charles Maria
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108, NICE, France
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049-, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Li Q, Sun X, Yang X, Wu M, Sun S, Chen X. Transition-metal-free amination phosphoryl azide for the synthesis of phosphoramidates. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16040-16043. [PMID: 35521381 PMCID: PMC9064390 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03389k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile and efficient approach to phosphoramidates was developed via amination of phosphoryl azides. A variety of phosphoramidates were obtained in one step with good to excellent yields under a mild reaction system. The process uses easily available amines as a N source and offers a new opportunity for P–N bond formation. A facile and efficient approach to phosphoramidates was developed via amination of phosphoryl azides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 China +86-715-8338007
| | | | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 China +86-715-8338007
| | - Minghu Wu
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 China +86-715-8338007
| | - Shaofa Sun
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 China +86-715-8338007
| | - Xiuling Chen
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 China +86-715-8338007
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Nazir
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
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27
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Tarahhomi A, Lee AVD, Dumitrescu DG. Evaluation of N–H···O hydrogen bond interactions in two new phosphoric triamides with a P(O)[NHCH(CH3)2]2 segment by means of topological (AIM) calculations, Hirshfeld surface analysis and 3D energy framework approach. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two new phosphoric triamides having a common part XP(O)[NHCH(CH3)2]2, with X =[2,3,6-F3–C6H2C(O)NH] (1) and [C6H11(CH3)N] (2), were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR) and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of 1 is composed of one molecule, whereas for 2 it consists of six symmetry independent molecules. In all molecules, the P atoms are in a distorted tetrahedral environment of one oxygen and three nitrogen atoms. The latter have mainly sp
2 character and a nearly planar environment. The crystal structures are stabilized via N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions, forming a linear arrangement for 1 and three independent parallel linear chains for 2, along the b and a axis, respectively. The intermolecular interactions in the molecular packing were analyzed using the Hirshfeld surface methodology, two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots and enrichment ratios (E). The prevalent interactions revealed by Hirshfeld surfaces are O · · · H type interactions for both structures 1 and 2, additionally C · · · O for 1 and H · · · H interactions for 2. The most favored contacts responsible for the molecular packing are C · · · F, N · · · H and O · · · H for 1 confirmed by E values greater than 1.30, whereas for 2, O · · · H and N · · · H intermolecular interactions with E values about 1.04 representing the favored contacts. Thus, the N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions are the dominant interactions in both compounds. For more details, a topological AIM analysis of N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions was performed: NCP–H · · · O=C hydrogen bond (the NCP is referred to the nitrogen atom within the C(O)NHP(O) segment) interactions in 1 are stronger than N–H · · · O=P interactions in both 1 and 2. Furthermore, a 3D topology of the molecular packing via the energy framework approach showed that the N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions in C(O)NHP(O)-based phosphoric triamide are predominantly electrostatic based, while they are electrostatic-dispersion based for other phosphoric triamides with a [N]P(O)[NH]2 skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atekeh Tarahhomi
- Department of Chemistry , Semnan University , Semnan 35351-19111 , Iran
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR-5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Dan G. Dumitrescu
- XRD2 beamline, Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , 34149 Basovizza , Trieste , Italy
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28
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Chen X, Xiao Z, Chu H, Wang B, Peng AY. Reinvestigation of the iodine-mediated phosphoramidation reaction of amines and P(OR) 3 and its synthetic applications. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6783-6790. [PMID: 30198043 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study on the iodine-mediated phosphoramidation reaction of amines and trialkyl phosphites was conducted, which not only disclosed the factors affecting the reaction but also revealed that it could proceed smoothly in CH2Cl2 at room temperature in open air. Using this method, various phosphoramidates with different aliphatic amines and aromatic amines were synthesized in good to excellent yields. Our present investigation shows that this underused method is actually a mild, practical and general way to synthesize phosphoramidates and will have wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwei Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Lu, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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29
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Sykam K, Meka KKR, Donempudi S. Intumescent Phosphorus and Triazole-Based Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams from Castor Oil. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1086-1094. [PMID: 31459384 PMCID: PMC6647972 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a novel phosphorus and triazole-functionalized flame-retardant (FR) monomer (PTFM) using azide-alkyne "click" reaction between triprop-2-ynyl phosphate and 2-azidoethanol that can impart intumescent FR property to polyurethane foams (PUFs) has been reported. Polyurethane triazole foams (PUTFs) were prepared using the as-synthesized PTFM and a hydroxylated castor polyol with a hydroxyl value of ∼310 mg KOH/g for application as reactive FR rigid foams. PTFM and the castor polyol were characterized for structural elucidation using Fourier transform infrared and 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR. PUTFs with a varying loading content of PTFM were subjected to the lab-scale flame test, cone calorimetry test, Underwriters Laboratory 94 Vertical burning test (UL 94V), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. A significant increase in the char yields, reduction in heat release rates, V-1 rating, and 27% of LOI were observed for PUTFs compared to PUFs and proportional to the percentage loading of PTFM. The cumulative effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in PUTFs on their intumescent behavior was evident from the thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy micrographs, which were further supplemented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, indicating expulsion of N2 and overall improvement in compression strength as well. Such environment-friendly reactive FRs can be good replacements to the halogenated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavarao Sykam
- Polymers
& Functional Materials Division, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Reddy Meka
- Polymers
& Functional Materials Division, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Shailaja Donempudi
- Polymers
& Functional Materials Division, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- E-mail: . Phone: 040-27193992 (S.D.)
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30
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Rao WH, Liao W, Wang H, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant flexible polyurethane foams based on reactive phosphorus-containing polyol and expandable graphite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:651-660. [PMID: 30153630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were designed and synthesized based on novel liquid phosphorus-containing polyol named as PDEO and expandable graphite (EG). The reactive PDEO can be chemically added into the chain of FPUF, while expandable graphite was blended into the matrix of foam through foaming process. Benefitting from the incorporation of reactive PDEO with a long chain, the resultant FPUF containing EG exhibited considerable mechanical properties. More importantly, the synergistic effect of PDEO and EG can endow FPUF with great flame retardancy, anti-driping performances. Furthermore, the resultant FPUF/EG/PDEO foams exhibit considerable smoke suppression performances. The vertical burning test revealed that the FPUF containing 5 php PDEO and 10 php EG extinguished quickly without dripping and kept the original shape after removing the igniter. The cone calorimeter results demonstrated that the synergistic effect of PDEO and EG can effectively reduce the heat release rate (HRR) and total release rate (THR) of the composite foam. Remarkably, the smoke production release (SPR), total smoke production (TSP), light transmission and specific optical density results indicated significantly smoke-suppressant properties of the composite foam. The mechanism analysis confirmed that the synergistic effect of gas-condensed bi-phase action from PDEO and EG contributed the great flame retardation of the composite foam. This novel FPUF provides a promising strategy for producing the polymer foam with flame retardation, smoke suppression and anti-dripping performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Rao
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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31
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Przystas A, Jovic M, Salmeia KA, Rentsch D, Ferry L, Mispreuve H, Perler H, Gaan S. Some Key Factors Influencing the Flame Retardancy of EDA-DOPO Containing Flexible Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1115. [PMID: 30961040 PMCID: PMC6403544 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of various additives (emulsifier, anti-dripping agent) and formulation procedures (pre-dispersion of solid additives in polyol via milling) which influence the flame retardancy of 6,6'-[ethan-1,2-diylbis(azandiyl)]bis(6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphin-6-oxid) (EDA-DOPO) containing flexible polyurethane foams has been investigated in this work. For comparison, the flame retardancy of two additional structurally-analogous bridged 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based compounds, i.e., ethanolamine-DOPO (ETA-DOPO) and ethylene glycol-DOPO (EG-DOPO) were also evaluated together with EDA-DOPO in flexible PU foams of various formulations. The flame retardancy of these three bridged-DOPO compounds depends on the type of PU formulation. For certain PU formulations containing EDA-DOPO, lower fire performance was observed. Addition of emulsifier and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to these PU formulations influenced positively the flame retardancy of EDA-DOPO/PU foams. In addition, dispersion of EDA-DOPO and PTFE via milling in polyol improved the flame retardancy of the PU foams. Mechanistic studies performed using a microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and its coupling to FTIR showed no difference in the combustion efficiency of the bridged-DOPO compounds in PU foams. From MCC experiments it can be concluded that these bridged-DOPO compounds and their decomposition products may work primarily in the gas phase as flame inhibitors. The physiochemical behavior of additives in PU formulation responsible for the improvement in the flame retardancy of PU foams was further investigated by studying the dripping behavior of the PU foams in the UL 94 HB test. A high-speed camera was used to study the dripping behavior in the UL 94 HB test and results indicate a considerable reduction of the total number of melt drips and flaming drips for the flame retardant formulations. This reduction in melt drips and flaming drips during the UL 94 HB tests help PU foams achieve higher fire classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Przystas
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Milijana Jovic
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Khalifah A Salmeia
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Ferry
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA), IMT Mines Ales, Université de Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavières, F-30319 Alès Cedex, France.
| | | | | | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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33
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Velencoso MM, Battig A, Markwart JC, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Molecular Firefighting-How Modern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solve the Challenge of Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10450-10467. [PMID: 29318752 PMCID: PMC6099334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity of polymeric materials in daily life comes with an increased fire risk, and sustained research into efficient flame retardants is key to ensuring the safety of the populace and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus, a versatile and effective element for use in flame retardants, has the potential to supersede the halogenated variants that are still widely used today: current formulations employ a variety of modes of action and methods of implementation, as additives or as reactants, to solve the task of developing flame-retarding polymeric materials. Phosphorus-based flame retardants can act in both the gas and condensed phase during a fire. This Review investigates how current phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers, and addresses the future of sustainable, efficient, and safe phosphorus-based flame-retardants from renewable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Velencoso
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Alexander Battig
- Technical Properties of Polymeric MaterialsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudinger Weg 955128MainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Technical Properties of Polymeric MaterialsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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Velencoso MM, Battig A, Markwart JC, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Molekulare Brandbekämpfung – wie moderne Phosphorchemie zur Lösung der Flammschutzaufgabe beitragen kann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Velencoso
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Alexander Battig
- Technische Eigenschaften von PolymerwerkstoffenBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Exzellenz-Graduiertenschule “Materials Science in Mainz” Staudinger Weg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Technische Eigenschaften von PolymerwerkstoffenBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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Salmeia KA, Flaig F, Rentsch D, Gaan S. One-Pot Synthesis of P( O)-N Containing Compounds Using N-Chlorosuccinimide and Their Influence in Thermal Decomposition of PU Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E740. [PMID: 30960665 PMCID: PMC6403897 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of intermediate containing P(O)-Cl bonds is the key to converting P(O)-H bonds to P(O)-N. In this work we have performed chlorination reactions of different H-phosphinates and H-phosphonates using N-chlorosuccinimide as an environmentally-benign chlorinating agent. The chlorination reaction showed high yield and high selectivity for transformation of P(O)-H bonds into P(O)-Cl analogues, resulting in an easily separable succinimide as the by-product. Using a one-pot synthesis methodology, we have synthesized a series of P(O)-N containing derivatives whose synthesis was found to be dependent on the reaction solvents and the starting materials. The synthesized P(O)-N compounds were incorporated in flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) and screened for their influence in thermal decomposition of FPUFs using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). All solid P(O)-N compounds influenced the first-stage decomposition of FPUFs, which resulted in an accelerated decomposition or temporary stabilization of this stage. However, the liquid P(O)-N derivatives volatilize at an earlier stage and could be active in the gas phase. In addition, they also work in condensed phase via acid catalyzed decomposition for FPUFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifah A Salmeia
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Florence Flaig
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Wang J, Ma C, Wang P, Qiu S, Cai W, Hu Y. Ultra-low phosphorus loading to achieve the superior flame retardancy of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Aghahosseini H, Ramazani A, Ślepokura K, Lis T, Joo SW. Synthesis and X-ray single crystal structure analysis of a new 2-chlorobenzyl ammonium salt of phosphonic acid. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1284837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Liang S, Hemberger P, Levalois‐Grützmacher J, Grützmacher H, Gaan S. Probing Phosphorus Nitride (P≡N) and Other Elusive Species Formed upon Pyrolysis of Dimethyl Phosphoramidate. Chemistry 2017; 23:5595-5601. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation Paul Scherrer Institute WSLA/115 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Levalois‐Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
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Zakirova NF, Shipitsyn AV. Lamivudine phosphoramidates. Unexpected products of a well-known reaction. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8080293. [PMID: 30974570 PMCID: PMC6431839 DOI: 10.3390/polym8080293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose fibers are promoted for use in various textile applications due their sustainable nature. Cellulose-based fibers vary considerably in their mechanical and flammability properties depending on their chemical composition. The chemical composition of a cellulose-based fiber is further dependent on their source (i.e., seed, leaf, cane, fruit, wood, bast, and grass). Being organic in nature, cellulose fibers, and their products thereof, pose considerable fire risk. In this work we have compared the flammability properties of cellulose fibers obtained from two different sources (i.e., cotton and peat). Compared to cotton cellulose textiles, peat-based cellulose textiles burn longer with a prominent afterglow which can be attributed to the presence of lignin in its structure. A series of phosphoramidates were synthesized and applied on both cellulose textiles. From thermogravimetric and pyrolysis combustion flow analysis of the treated cellulose, we were able to relate the flame retardant efficacy of the synthesized phosphorus compounds to their chemical structure. The phosphoramidates with methyl phosphoester groups exhibited higher condensed phase flame retardant effects on both types of cellulose textiles investigated in this study. In addition, the bis-phosphoramidates exhibited higher flame retardant efficacy compared to the mono-phosphoramidates.
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Zhang P, Fan H, Tian S, Chen Y, Yan J. Synergistic effect of phosphorus–nitrogen and silicon-containing chain extenders on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of waterborne polyurethane. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15869b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A phosphorus–nitrogen–silicon containing waterborne polyurethane (FRWPU) was synthesized in order to improve flame retardancy without sacrificing thermal stability and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Saiqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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Wu G, Li J, Luo Y. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of a novel post-chain extension flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cankaya A, Steinmann M, Bülbül Y, Lieberwirth I, Wurm FR. Side-chain poly(phosphoramidate)s via acyclic diene metathesis polycondensation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Side-chain poly(phosphoramidate)s (PPAs) have been prepared by ADMET polycondensation and compared to structural analogues of poly(phosphoester)s. Thermal properties, stability, and crystallization behavior were analyzed. This is the first example for PPAs prepared by ADMET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Cankaya
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Mark Steinmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Yagmur Bülbül
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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Zhang P, Zhang Z, Fan H, Tian S, Chen Y, Yan J. Waterborne polyurethane conjugated with novel diol chain-extender bearing cyclic phosphoramidate lateral group: synthesis, flammability and thermal degradation mechanism. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A diol bearing cyclic phosphoramidate pendant group was synthesized and covalently conjugated into waterborne polyurethane. The polyurethane possesses long-term hydrolytic stability and good intrinsic flame retardancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Saiqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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45
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Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7081469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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46
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Xu T, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Recent advances in “living”/controlled radical polymerization of phosphorus-containing monomers and their potential applications. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Liu Y, Zou M, Yang R, He J, Zhang W. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Metal–Organic Compound: 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-Oxide (DOPO)–Mg. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.141191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Liu
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Meishuai Zou
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Jiyu He
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology
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Recent advances in H-phosphonate chemistry. Part 1. H-phosphonate esters: synthesis and basic reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 361:137-77. [PMID: 25370520 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent progress in the preparation of H-phosphonate mono- and diesters, basic studies on mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of this class of phosphorus compounds, and their fundamental chemistry in terms of transformation of P-H bonds into P-heteroatom bonds. Selected recent applications of H-phosphonate derivatives in basic organic phosphorus chemistry and in the synthesis of biologically important phosphorus compounds are also discussed.
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Gu L, luo Y. Flame Retardancy and Thermal Decomposition of Phosphorus-Containing Waterborne Polyurethanes Modified by Halogen-Free Flame Retardants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5045692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District,
Beijing, 100081, China
- School
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei Province 050018, China
| | - Yunjun luo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District,
Beijing, 100081, China
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50
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Li S, Chen T, Saga Y, Han LB. Chloroform-based Atherton–Todd-type reactions of alcohols and thiols with secondary phosphine oxides generating phosphinothioates and phosphinates. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various valuable phosphinothioates and phosphinates including those with functional groups are readily prepared under mild reaction conditions via chloroform-based Atherton–Todd-type reactions of secondary phosphine oxides with alcohols and thiols, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Yuta Saga
- Katayama Chemical Industries Co., Ltd
- Amagasaki
- Japan
| | - Li-Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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