1
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Hagemann MM, Hedegård ED. Molecular Mechanism of Substrate Oxidation in Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases: Insight from Theoretical Investigations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202379. [PMID: 36207279 PMCID: PMC10107554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper enzymes that today comprise a large enzyme superfamily, grouped into the distinct members AA9-AA17 (with AA12 exempted). The LPMOs have the potential to facilitate the upcycling of biomass waste products by boosting the breakdown of cellulose and other recalcitrant polysaccharides. The cellulose biopolymer is the main component of biomass waste and thus comprises a large, unexploited resource. The LPMOs work through a catalytic, oxidative reaction whose mechanism is still controversial. For instance, the nature of the intermediate performing the oxidative reaction is an open question, and the same holds for the employed co-substrate. Here we review theoretical investigations addressing these questions. The applied theoretical methods are usually based on quantum mechanics (QM), often combined with molecular mechanics (QM/MM). We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the employed theoretical methods and comment on the interplay between theoretical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlisa M Hagemann
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik D Hedegård
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Mechanochemical synthesis of six Cu(II) complexes with selected thiols, their physicochemical characterization and interaction with DNA. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Mitra S, Ainavarapu SRK, Dasgupta J. Long-Range Charge Delocalization Mediates the Ultrafast Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Dynamics at the Cu 2+-Active Site in Azurin. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5390-5399. [PMID: 35797135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The blue color metalloprotein in azurin has traditionally been attributed to the intense cysteine-to-Cu2+ ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition centered at 628 nm. Although resonance Raman measurements of the Cu2+ active site have implied that the LMCT transition electronically couples to the protein scaffold well beyond its primary metal-ligand coordination shell, the structural extent of this electronic coupling and visualization of the protein-mediated charge transfer dynamics have remained elusive. Here, using femtosecond broadband transient absorption and impulsive Raman spectroscopy, we provide direct evidence for a rapid relaxation between two distinct charge transfer states, having different spatial delocalization, within ∼300 fs followed by recombination of charges in subpicosecond time scales. We invoke the formation of a protein-centered radical cation, possibly Trp48 or a Phe residue, within 100 fs substantiating the long-range electronic coupling for the first time beyond the traditional copper active site. The Raman spectra of the excited CT state show the presence of protein-centric vibrations along with the vibrational modes assigned to the copper active site. Our results demonstrate a large delocalization length scale of the initially populated CT state, thereby highlighting the possibility of exploiting azurin photochemistry for energy conversion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Mitra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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4
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Gamze Sogukomerogullari H, Delidoğan A, Aytar E, Köse A, Sönmez M. Pd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes bearing “SNS” Pincer Type Ligand: Application as Catalysts for chemical CO2 conversion to obtain cyclic carbonates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Exploring different equatorial donors in a series of five-coordinate Cu(II) complexes supported by rigid tetradentate ligands. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Liu Y, Peng H, Wu P, Liu H, Zhang J. Stretchable and luminescent networks from copper(I)-coordinated main-chain thioether polymers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Sogukomerogullari HG, Yalçin ŞP, Ceylan Ü, Aytar E, Aygün M, Richeson DS, Sönmez M. Synthesis of Fe and Cu metal complexes derived from ‘SNS’ Pincer type ligands and their efficient catalyst precursors for the chemical fixation of
$$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$
CO
2. J CHEM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Bulky 2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl β-diiminato derived complexes of Pd(II) and Cu(II): Efficient catalysts for Suzuki coupling and alcohol oxidation. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Hu DC, Chen LW, Yang YX, Liu JC. Syntheses, structures and antioxidant activities of two new Cu(II) complexes with a benzimidazole schiff base ligand. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2013.843562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
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10
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Maiti BK, Almeida RM, Moura I, Moura JJ. Rubredoxins derivatives: Simple sulphur-rich coordination metal sites and its relevance for biology and chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Hedegård ED, Ryde U. Targeting the reactive intermediate in polysaccharide monooxygenases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1029-1037. [PMID: 28698982 PMCID: PMC5613103 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper metalloenzymes that can enhance polysaccharide depolymerization through an oxidative mechanism, making them interesting for the production of biofuel from cellulose. However, the details of this activation are unknown; in particular, the nature of the intermediate that attacks the glycoside C-H bond in the polysaccharide is not known, and a number of different species have been suggested. The homolytic bond-dissociation energy (BDE) has often been used as a descriptor for the bond-activation power, especially for inorganic model complexes. We have employed quantum-chemical cluster calculations to estimate the BDE for a number of possible LPMO intermediates to bridge the gap between model complexes and the actual LPMO active site. The calculated BDEs suggest that the reactive intermediate is either a Cu(II)-oxyl, a Cu(III)-oxyl, or a Cu(III)-hydroxide, which indicate that O-O bond breaking occurs before the C-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Hedegård
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, Sölvegatan 39, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ryde
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, Sölvegatan 39, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Koley MK, Chouhan OP, Biswas S, Fernandes J, Banerjee A, Chattopadhyay A, Varghese B, Manoharan PT, Koley AP. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and DNA binding studies of some monomeric copper(II) complexes containing N2S(thiolate)Cu core and N4S(disulfide)Cu core. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Konch TJ, Sharma M, Satyanarayana L, Hazarika A, Karunakar GV, Bania KK. Non-Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cu(I)-Microleaves from Cu(II)-Nanorods. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mukesh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Assam; 784028 India
| | - Lanka Satyanarayana
- Center for NMR and Structural Chemistry; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Anil Hazarika
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Centre (SAIC); Tezpur University, Assam; 784028 India
| | - Galla V. Karunakar
- Division of Crop Protection Chemicals; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Kusum. K. Bania
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Assam; 784028 India
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14
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Johnson MW, Hannoun KI, Tan Y, Fu GC, Peters JC. A mechanistic investigation of the photoinduced, copper-mediated cross-coupling of an aryl thiol with an aryl halide. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4091-4100. [PMID: 28044096 PMCID: PMC5201211 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced, copper-catalyzed cross-coupling can offer a complementary approach to thermal (non-photoinduced) methods for generating C-X (X = C, N, O, S, etc.) bonds. In this report, we describe the first detailed mechanistic investigation of one of the processes that we have developed, specifically, the (stoichiometric) coupling of a copper-thiolate with an aryl iodide. In particular, we focus on the chemistry of a discrete [CuI(SAr)2]- complex (Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl), applying a range of techniques, including ESI-MS, cyclic voltammetry, transient luminescence spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, DFT calculations, Stern-Volmer analysis, EPR spectroscopy, actinometry, and reactivity studies. The available data are consistent with the viability of a pathway in which photoexcited [CuI(SAr)2]-* serves as an electron donor to an aryl iodide to afford an aryl radical, which then reacts in cage with the newly generated copper(II)-thiolate to furnish the cross-coupling product in a non-chain process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles W. Johnson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA91125USA
| | - Kareem I. Hannoun
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA91125USA
| | - Yichen Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA91125USA
| | - Gregory C. Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA91125USA
| | - Jonas C. Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA91125USA
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15
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Esmieu C, Orio M, Le Pape L, Lebrun C, Pécaut J, Ménage S, Torelli S. Redox-Innocent Metal-Assisted Cleavage of S–S Bond in a Disulfide-Containing Ligand. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6208-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Esmieu
- CEA-BIG-LCBM-BioCE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2 UMR 7313, 13097 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Le Pape
- CEA-BIG-LCBM-BioCE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Ménage
- CEA-BIG-LCBM-BioCE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Torelli
- CEA-BIG-LCBM-BioCE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
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16
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Tishchenko KI, Beloglazkina EK, Mazhuga AG, Zyk NV. Copper-containing enzymes: Site types and low-molecular-weight model compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079978016010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Kalita A, Kumar V, Mondal B. C-Nitrosation of a β-diketiminate ligand in copper(ii) complex. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08281h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper(ii) complex of a β-diketiminate ligand, upon reaction with nitric oxide, affords C-nitrosation of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Kalita
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Biplab Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
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18
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Patil SA, Fahlman BD. Synthesis and characterization of new unsymmetrical β-diketiminate tris(dimethylamido)hafnium(IV) complexes as potential precursors for the MOCVD of HfO2. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.987764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India
- Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Bradley D. Fahlman
- Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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19
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Tavman A, Çinarli A, Gürbüz D, Tan ASB, Öksüzömer MAF, Tüysüz M, Gürkaynak MA, Yalçin B. Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Transition Metal Complexes of 1,3-Bis(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Synthesis and spectral characterization of 1,3-bis-(1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane complexes with various Zn(II) salts. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Miecznikowski JR, Lynn MA, Jasinski JP, Lo W, Bak DW, Pati M, Butrick EE, Drozdoski AER, Archer KA, Villa CE, Lemons EG, Powers E, Siu M, Gomes CD, Bernier NA, Morio KN. Syntheses and characterization of five-coordinate copper(II) complexes based on tridentate SNS pincer ligand precursors. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Chang TM, Sinharay S, Astashkin AV, Tomat E. Prodigiosin analogue designed for metal coordination: stable zinc and copper pyrrolyldipyrrins. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7518-26. [PMID: 25008284 PMCID: PMC4106694 DOI: 10.1021/ic5008439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolyldipyrrin motif is found in several naturally occurring prodigiosin pigments. The potential roles of the interactions of prodigiosins with transition metals and the properties of metal-bound pyrrolyldipyrrins, however, have been difficult to assess because of the very limited number of well-characterized stable complexes. Here, we show that the introduction of a meso-aryl substituent and an ethyl ester group during the sequential assembly of the three heterocycles affords a pyrrolyldipyrrin of enhanced coordinating abilities when compared to that of natural prodigiosins. UV-visible absorption studies indicate that this ligand promptly binds Zn(II) ions with 2:1 ligand-to-metal stoichiometry and Cu(II) ions with 1:1 stoichiometry. Notably, no addition of base is required for the formation of the resulting stable complexes. The crystal structures reveal that whereas the tetrahedral zinc center engages two nitrogen donors on each ligand, the pseudosquare planar copper complex features coordination of all three pyrrolic nitrogen atoms and employs the ester group as a neutral ligand. This first example of coordination of a redox-active transition metal within a fully conjugated pyrrolyldipyrrin framework was investigated spectroscopically by electron paramagnetic resonance to show that the 1:1 metal-to-ligand ratio found in the crystal structure is also maintained in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuhen M Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
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23
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Niu S, Huang DL, Dau PD, Liu HT, Wang LS, Ichiye T. Assessment of Quantum Mechanical Methods for Copper and Iron Complexes by Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1283-1291. [PMID: 24803858 PMCID: PMC3958136 DOI: 10.1021/ct400842p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Broken-symmetry
density functional theory (BS-DFT) calculations
are assessed for redox energetics [Cu(SCH3)2]1–/0, [Cu(NCS)2]1–/0, [FeCl4]1–/0, and [Fe(SCH3)4]1–/0 against vertical detachment
energies (VDE) from valence photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), as a
prelude to studies of metalloprotein analogs. The M06 and B3LYP hybrid
functionals give VDE that agree with the PES VDE for the Fe complexes,
but both underestimate it by ∼400 meV for the Cu complexes;
other hybrid functionals give VDEs that are an increasing function
of the amount of Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange and so cannot show
good agreement for both Cu and Fe complexes. Range-separated (RS)
functionals appear to give a better distribution of HF exchange since
the negative HOMO energy is approximately equal to the VDEs but also
give VDEs dependent on the amount of HF exchange, sometimes leading
to ground states with incorrect electron configurations; the LRC-ωPBEh functional reduced to 10% HF exchange at short-range
give somewhat better values for both, although still ∼150 meV
too low for the Cu complexes and ∼50 meV too high for the Fe
complexes. Overall, the results indicate that while HF exchange compensates
for self-interaction error in DFT calculations of both Cu and Fe complexes,
too much may lead to more sensitivity to nondynamical correlation
in the spin-polarized Fe complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Dao-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Phuong D Dau
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Toshiko Ichiye
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, DC 20057, United States
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24
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Wu H, Zhang Y, Chen C, Zhang J, Bai Y, Shi F, Wang X. DNA-binding studies and antioxidant activities of two-, three- and four-coordinate silver(i) complexes containing bis(2-benzimidazolyl)aniline derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Three novel structure Ag(i) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The three ligands and Ag(i) complexes bind to DNA in an intercalation mode. The Ag(i) complexes have stronger ability of antioxidation for hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilu Wu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Chengyong Chen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Furong Shi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
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25
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Biswas S, Dutta A, Dolai M, Bhowmick I, Rouzières M, Lee HM, Clérac R, Ali M. Dinuclear Cu
II
–Cu
II
and Cu
I
–Cu
II
Complexes of a Compartmental Ligand – Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic, and Catalytic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India E‐mail: , http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/profile.php?uid=30
| | - Arpan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India E‐mail: , http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/profile.php?uid=30
| | - Malay Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India E‐mail: , http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/profile.php?uid=30
| | - Indrani Bhowmick
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mathieu Rouzières
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hon Man Lee
- National Changhua University of Education, Department of Chemistry, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mahammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India E‐mail: , http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/profile.php?uid=30
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Warren JJ, Lancaster KM, Richards JH, Gray HB. Inner- and outer-sphere metal coordination in blue copper proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 115:119-26. [PMID: 22658756 PMCID: PMC3434318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Blue copper proteins (BCPs) comprise classic cases of Nature's profound control over the electronic structures and chemical reactivity of transition metal ions. Early studies of BCPs focused on their inner coordination spheres, that is, residues that directly coordinate Cu. Equally important are the electronic and geometric perturbations to these ligands provided by the outer coordination sphere. In this tribute to Hans Freeman, we review investigations that have advanced the understanding of how inner-sphere and outer-sphere coordination affects biological Cu properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Warren
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Melzer MM, Mossin S, Cardenas AJP, Williams KD, Zhang S, Meyer K, Warren TH. A Copper(II) Thiolate from Reductive Cleavage of an S-Nitrosothiol. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:8658-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie M. Melzer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227,
Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Susanne Mossin
- Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Allan Jay P. Cardenas
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227,
Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Kamille D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227,
Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227,
Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227,
Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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Hossaini Sadr M, Soltani B, Jalili A, Nejadghafar F, Kia R, Engle JT, Ziegler CJ. Synthesis and characterization of copper(II) complexes incorporating pyrazolyl-derived N,S-donor bidentate ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-012-9629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Wu H, Liu B, Kou F, Jia F, Yuan J, Bai Y. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Antioxidation and DNA-Binding Studies of a Zinc(II) Complex with the Bis(N-allylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)aniline. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Type 1 copper site synthetic model complexes with increased redox potentials. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 17:285-91. [PMID: 21960257 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of NaSCPh(3) with (R(3)tacn)Cu(OTf)(2) (R is Me, iPr; tacn is 1,4,7-triazacyclononane; OTf is CF(3)SO(3)(-)) yield blue complexes identified as ((R(3)tacn)CuSCPh(3))(OTf) on the basis of UV-vis, resonance Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. These complexes exhibit spectroscopic properties typical of type 1 copper sites in proteins, including diagnostic Sπ → Cu(d(x(2)-y(2))) ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions at approximately 610-630 nm and small A(||) values in EPR spectra of less than 100 × 10(-4) cm(-1). Cyclic voltammetry experiments revealed redox potentials for the complexes similar to those of several low-potential type 1 copper proteins (e.g., azurin, stellacyanin) and approximately 0.5 V higher than those of previously reported model compounds. Thus, the new complexes mimic key aspects of both the structure and the function of type 1 copper sites.
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31
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Wu H, Liu B, Kou F, Jia F, Yuan J, Bai Y. Cobalt(II) Complex with a Tridentate N Donor Ligand: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Antioxidation, and DNA Binding Studies. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Wu HL, Kou F, Jia F, Liu B, Yuan JK, Bai Y. Synthesis, characterization, and DNA-binding of a four-coordinate cobalt(II) complex with 1,3-bis(1-ethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxopropane. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.611505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lu Wu
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Fan Kou
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Fei Jia
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Jing-Kun Yuan
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730070 , P.R. China
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Jahnke AC, Herter A, Dechert S, John M, Meyer F. Oxazolone copper(I) complexes inspired by the methanobactin active site. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Kou F, Liu B, Bai Y, Kong J, Wu H. 1,3-Bis(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1439. [PMID: 21754817 PMCID: PMC3120604 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811017922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the title molecule, C18H18N4O, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two benzimidazole ring systems is 61.5 (1)°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Kou
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
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35
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Vázquez-Lima H, Guadarrama P, Martínez-Anaya C. Geometric distortions on a three-coordinated T1 Cu site model as a potential strategy to modulate redox potential. A theoretical study. J Mol Model 2011; 18:455-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Expandierte Porphyrine: überraschende Strukturen, elektronische Eigenschaften und Reaktivitäten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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37
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Saito S, Osuka A. Expanded Porphyrins: Intriguing Structures, Electronic Properties, and Reactivities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4342-73. [PMID: 21491551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
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38
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Mohapatra SC, Mathur P. Synthesis and spectral studies of copper complexes using a N-octylated bis benzimidazole diamide ligand. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:612-616. [PMID: 21193344 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Monomeric Cu(II) and Cu(I) complexes bound to a tetradentate bis-benzimidazole diamide ligand N,N'-bis(N-octyl benzimidazolyl-2yl)(methyl)pentane diamide (O-GBGA) have been isolated and characterized. X-Band EPR spectra of the copper(II) complexes in CH2Cl2 were recorded in a frozen solution as solvent at liquid nitrogen temperature. Solution spectra typically indicate a d(x2-y2) ground state (g||>g⊥>2.0023) and show less than four nuclear hyperfine lines with broadening of g⊥ line in some cases, thus indicating distorted tetragonal geometry. One of the copper(II) complexes shows a five line N-SHF structure (16±1G) implying the binding of imine nitrogen of the benzimidazole to copper ion. α2 ranges from 0.57-0.97 indicating considerable amount of covalent character in Cu-L bond. Anodic shifts in E1/2 values indicate the retention of anion in the coordination sphere of Cu(II), E1/2 values becoming anodic in the order C6H5COO-<SCN-<Cl-. The fluorescence quantum yield of complexes was found to be lower than that of the ligand O-GBGA (Φ=0.029) and the relative fluorescence data reveals that fluorescence of such compounds could distinguish between small and large anions.
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Roy S, Javed S, Olmstead MM, Patra AK. First structural example of a metal uncoordinated mesoionic imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and its precursor intermediate copper complex: an insight to the catalytic cycle. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12866-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Lo R, Ganguly B. Exploiting propane-1,3-diimines as building blocks for superbases: a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20426b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of Schiff base ligands containing N4O2 and N4S2 donors with pyrrole terminal binding groups: Synthesis, characterization, X-ray structures, DFT and electrochemical studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Copper(II) complexes of thioarylazo-pentanedione: Structures, magnetism, redox properties and correlation with DFT calculations. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Sun T, Li K, Lai Y, Chen R, Wu H. Aqua-[1,3-bis-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane]-diethano-lmanganese(II) dipicrate ethanol disolvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:m1058. [PMID: 21588483 PMCID: PMC3008082 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the title complex, [Mn(C16H14N4O)(C2H5OH)2(H2O)](C6H2N3O7)2·2C2H5OH, the MnII ion is in a distorted octahedral coordination environment, defined by an MnN2O4 donor set. The 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane ligand is tridentate. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into a three-dimensional network. The O atoms of one of the nitro groups are disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.577 (11) and 0.423 (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
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44
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Van Heuvelen KM, Cho J, Dingee T, Riordan CG, Brunold TC. Spectroscopic and computational studies of a series of high-spin Ni(II) thiolate complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:6535-44. [PMID: 20565082 DOI: 10.1021/ic100362q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures of a series of high-spin Ni(II)-thiolate complexes of the form [PhTt(tBu)]Ni(SR) (R = CPh(3), 2; C(6)F(5), 3; C(6)H(5), 4; PhTt(tBu) = phenyltris((tert-butylthio)methyl)borate) have been characterized using a combined spectroscopic and computational approach. Resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopic data reveal that the nu(Ni-SR) vibrational feature occurs between 404 and 436 cm(-1) in these species. The corresponding rR excitation profiles display a striking de-enhancement behavior because of interference effects involving energetically proximate electronic excited states. These data were analyzed in the framework of time-dependent Heller theory to obtain quantitative insight into excited state nuclear distortions. The electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of 2-4 are characterized by numerous charge transfer (CT) transitions. The dominant absorption feature, which occurs at approximately 18,000 cm(-1) in all three complexes, is assigned as a thiolate-to-Ni CT transition involving molecular orbitals that are of pi-symmetry with respect to the Ni-S bond, reminiscent of the characteristic absorption feature of blue copper proteins. Density functional theory computational data provide molecular orbital descriptions for 2-4 and allow for detailed assignments of the key spectral features. A comparison of the results obtained in this study to those reported for similar Ni-thiolate species reveals that the supporting ligand plays a secondary role in determining the spectroscopic properties, as the electronic structure is primarily determined by the metal-thiolate bonding interaction.
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45
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Oguadinma PO, Schaper F. Synthesis and structures of isopropyl-β-diketiminato copper(I) complexes. CAN J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/v10-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of N,N′-diisopropyl-2-amino-4-iminopent-2-ene (nacnaci-PrH, 1) either with CuOt-Bu or with a mixture of mesityl copper and 10% CuOt-Bu afforded, in the presence of PPh3, CN(C6Me2H3), or MeCN, the Lewis base coordinated complexes nacnaci-PrCuPPh3·0.5 C6H14 (2), nacnaci-PrCuCN(C6Me2H3) (3), and nacnaci-PrCu(NCMe) (4). Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound 4 afforded two species in deuterated benzene in a 2:1 ratio, which were assigned to {nacnaci-PrCu}2(μ-NCMe) and nacnaci-PrCuNCMe (4). Upon addition of 5 equiv. of MeCN, the two sets collapsed into that of 4. No copper complexes were formed in the presence of styrene, stilbene, or diphenylacetylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O. Oguadinma
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Frank Schaper
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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46
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Wu H, Yun R, Wang K, Li K, Huang X, Sun T. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectrum Properties of Cobalt(II) Complexes Based on Tridentate 1,3-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxopropane Ligand and Derivative. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Saito S, Furukawa K, Osuka A. T-Shaped Three-Coordinate Copper(II) Heptaphyrin Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Saito S, Furukawa K, Osuka A. T-Shaped Three-Coordinate Copper(II) Heptaphyrin Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8086-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Jiménez-Pérez VM, Bernès S, Munõz BM, Kharisov BI, Vela AV. N-[3-(2,6-Dimethylanilino)-1-methylbut-2-enylidene]-2,6-dimethylanilinium chloride. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1671-2. [PMID: 21582931 PMCID: PMC2969422 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The title salt, C21H27N2+·Cl− resulted from the condensation between 2,6-dimethylaniline and acetylacetone in acidified ethanol. The bulky cation is stabilized in a β-iminoenamine tautomeric form, and presents a W-shaped conformation. The benzene rings are arranged almost parallel, with a dihedral angle of 6.58 (4)° between the mean planes. Both N—H groups in the cation form strong hydrogen bonds with two symmetry-related chloride anions. The resulting supramolecular structure is a one dimensional polymer running along [001], alternating cations and anions. The π–π interaction observed in the molecule, characterized by a centroid–centroid separation of 4.298 (4) Å, is thus extended to the chains, with separations of 5.222 (4) Å between benzene rings of neighbouring cations in the crystal.
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50
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Green KN, Brothers SM, Lee B, Darensbourg MY, Rockcliffe DA. Chemical issues addressing the construction of the distal Ni[cysteine-glycine-cysteine]2- site of acetyl CoA synthase: why not copper? Inorg Chem 2009; 48:2780-92. [PMID: 19253985 DOI: 10.1021/ic801628r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the metallopeptide Ni(Cysteine-Glycine-Cysteine)(2-), Ni(CGC)(2-), in the A-cluster active site of Acetyl CoA Synthase has prompted the synthesis of many small molecule models which employ M(N(2)S(2)) complexes as metalloligands. In vitro studies have shown that nickel incorporates into the N(2)S(2) binding pocket even when copper is in the enzyme growth medium, while copper is preferentially taken up in the proximal site, displacing the catalytically active nickel. (Darnault, C.; Volbeda, A.; Kim, E.J.; Legrand, P.; Vernede, X.; Lindahl, P.A.; Fontecilla-Camps, J.C. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2003, 10, 271-279.) The work herein has been designed to address the chemical viability of copper(II) within the tripeptide N(2)S(2) ligand set. To this end, a series of CuN(2)S(2)(2-) complexes, the resin-bound, O-Cu(CGC)(2-) (A) and free Cu(CGC)(2-) (B) complexes, as well as Cu(ema)(2-) (C) and Cu(emi)(2-) (D) dianions, have been characterized by UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and, where appropriate, X-ray diffraction studies, and compared to the Ni(II) congeners. EPR spectroscopic results have indicated that, in frozen N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, the copper complexes are distorted square planar structures with nitrogen and sulfur donors. This is consistent with X-ray diffraction measurements which also show copper(II) in a distorted square planar environment that is bereft of CuN(2)S(2)(2-) intermolecular interactions. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations resulted in optimized structures that are consistent with crystallographic data and indicated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) gaps of 5.01 and 4.68 eV for C and D, respectively. Optimized structures of Ni(ema)(2-) and Ni(emi)(2-) share the same basic characteristics as the copper(II) congeners. Electrochemical characterization of C and D resulted in a reversible Cu(III/II) couple at -1.20 V and - 1.40 V, respectively. Reactivity studies with Rh(CO)(2)(+) show similar donor capabilities for complexes A-D. Analysis of A shows that transmetalation does not occur. From competitive metal uptake studies on immobilized tripeptide it is concluded that the N(2)S(2)(4-) ligating unit has a slight preference for Cu(2+) over Ni(2+) and that the biosynthetic pathway responsible for constructing the distal site of ACS must be selective for nickel insertion or copper exclusion, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla N Green
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
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