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Yan D, Wang K, Bai S, Liu B, Bai J, Qi X, Hu Y. Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase-Mediated 1,2-Oxazine Construction via Meisenheimer Rearrangement in the Biosynthesis of Paeciloxazine. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4269-4276. [PMID: 35192348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The [1,2]-Meisenheimer rearrangement is well known as the [1,2]-migration of an O-substituted hydroxylamine from a tertiary amine N-oxide, and it is frequently employed in organic synthesis to enforce adjacent carbon oxidation or install a 1,2-oxazine core, which is a prevalent structural feature and pharmacophore of many bioactive natural products. Although the [1,2]-Meisenheimer rearrangement was proposed to occur in the biosynthesis of a number of 1,2-oxazine-containing natural products, it has never been proved biosynthetically. Here, we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster of an insecticidal natural product, paeciloxazine (1), from Penicillium janthinellum and characterized a flavin-dependent monooxygenase, PaxA, as the first example that mediates the formation of a 1,2-oxazine moiety via Meisenheimer rearrangement. In vitro biochemical assays, site-directed mutations, docking and molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory calculations support the mechanism that PaxA first catalyzes N-oxidation to form an N-oxide intermediate, which undergoes [1,2]-Meisenheimer rearrangement with the assistance of an amino acid with proton transfer property. This study expands the repertoire of rearrangement reactions during the biosynthesis of natural products and provides a new strategy for discovering natural products with N-O tethers by genome mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kunya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Catalysis of Natural Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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2
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Marques EF, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P. Singlet oxygen-induced protein aggregation: Lysozyme crosslink formation and nLC-MS/MS characterization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:894-905. [PMID: 31652372 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Singlet molecular oxygen (1 O2 ) has been associated with a number of physiological processes. Despite the recognized importance of 1 O2 -mediated protein modifications, little is known about the role of this oxidant in crosslink formation and protein aggregation. Thus, using lysozyme as a model, the present study sought to investigate the involvement of 1 O2 in crosslink formation. Lysozyme was photochemically oxidized in the presence of rose bengal or chemically oxidized using [18 O]-labeled 1 O2 released from thermolabile endoperoxides. It was concluded that both 1 O2 generating systems induce lysozyme crosslinking and aggregation. Using SDS-PAGE and nano-scale liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, the results clearly demonstrated that 1 O2 is directly involved in the formation of covalent crosslinks involving the amino acids histidine, lysine, and tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Finco Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Di Mascio P, Martinez GR, Miyamoto S, Ronsein GE, Medeiros MHG, Cadet J. Singlet Molecular Oxygen Reactions with Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Proteins. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2043-2086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Glaucia R. Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Graziella E. Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marisa H. G. Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Québec, Canada
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Ma GL, Xiong J, Osman EEA, Huang T, Yang GX, Hu JF. LC-MS guided isolation of sinodamines A and B: Chimonanthine-type alkaloids from the endangered ornamental plant Sinocalycanthus chinensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 151:61-68. [PMID: 29665477 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two previously undescribed chimonanthine-type [sinodamines A and B] and five related known dimeric tryptamine-derived alkaloids were isolated and characterized from the leaves of the endangered ornamental plant Sinocalycanthus chinensis under the guidance of LC-MS detection and dereplication analyses, along with conventional isolation procedures. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations. Sinodamine A can be regarded as the naturally occurring N-oxide derivative of its pseudo-mesomer sinodamine B. An acid-catalyzed Meisenheimer rearrangement from sinodamine A to its oxazine-form with a final equilibrium of 1:2 was observed by monitoring their NMR spectra. (-)-Folicanthine showed significant cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma A549 and colorectal carcinoma HT29 cells, with IC50 values of 7.76 and 6.16 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Ma
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Ezzat E A Osman
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Guo-Xun Yang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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Maryška M, Fojtíková L, Jurok R, Holubová B, Lapčík O, Kuchař M. Use of novel haptens in the production of antibodies for the detection of tryptamines. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16243-16250. [PMID: 35542213 PMCID: PMC9080274 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptamines are a group of hallucinogenic drugs whose detection in body fluids could be simplified by immunochemical assay kits. Antibodies for these assays are obtained by the immunization of laboratory animals with conjugates of a hapten similar to the target analyte and a suitable protein. Therefore we synthesized novel haptens derived from tryptamine-based drugs, with N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (DiPT) selected as the target analytes. Their structures were modified with a short linker ended with a carboxylic group. The haptens were conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbits were immunized with the conjugates. The obtained polyclonal antibodies showed good reactivity and the LOD of the constructed ELISAs was in the range 0.006–0.254 ng mL−1. Thus, they are suitable for the development of immunochemical assay kits. We synthesized haptens derived from tryptamine-based drugs and used them in the production of antibodies against various tryptamines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Maryška
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances
- University of Chemistry and Technology
| | - Lucie Fojtíková
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology
- University of Chemistry and Technology
| | - Radek Jurok
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances
- University of Chemistry and Technology
| | - Barbora Holubová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Lapčík
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances
- University of Chemistry and Technology
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6
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Marques EF, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P. Lysozyme oxidation by singlet molecular oxygen: Peptide characterization using [ 18 O]-labeling oxygen and nLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:739-751. [PMID: 28801970 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Singlet molecular oxygen (1 O2 ) is generated in biological systems and reacts with different biomolecules. Proteins are a major target for 1 O2 , and His, Tyr, Met, Cys, and Trp are oxidized at physiological pH. In the present study, the modification of lysozyme protein by 1 O2 was investigated using mass spectrometry approaches. The experimental findings showed methionine, histidine, and tryptophan oxidation. The experiments were achieved using [18 O]-labeled 1 O2 released from thermolabile endoperoxides in association with nano-scale liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The structural characterization by nLC-MS/MS of the amino acids in the tryptic peptides of the proteins showed addition of [18 O]-labeling atoms in different amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Finco Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Omri N, Yahyaoui M, Banani R, Messaoudi S, Moussa F, Abderrabba M. Ab-initio HF and density functional theory investigations on the synthesis mechanism, conformational stability, molecular structure and UV spectrum of N’-Formylkynurenine. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633616500061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan methyl ester (Trp-ME) degrades with singlet oxygen and produce compounds which are photosensitizers and may react to form other derivatives such as N’-Formylkynurénine (NFK) and kynurenine, which are the final products of this oxidation. In order to study and optimize the molecular structure of NFK and determine its different thermodynamic properties, we performed a conformational analysis by DFT/B3LYP method with 3-21G basis set. Six most stable conformations were observed through the analysis of the potential energy surfaces, obtained by a relaxed scan of the dihedral angles. The most stable form of NFK has been registered for D[Formula: see text], D[Formula: see text], D[Formula: see text], D[Formula: see text], D[Formula: see text], and D[Formula: see text]. The study was conducted by HF and DFT/B3LYP with 6-31G(d,p), 6-3[Formula: see text](d,p) and 6-31[Formula: see text](d,p) basis sets, on the optimized geometry of the most stable conformation and its thermodynamic and orbital properties. Two absorption bands were recorded at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm and at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm and were also determined by TD-DFT method. They showed good agreement with the UV experimental spectrum which confirms that it is a powerful tool to determine the dynamic and static properties of molecules. The surface of the electrostatic potential (ESP) of the NFK was also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Omri
- Laboratoire Matériaux, molécules et Applications, IPEST, BP51, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Yahyaoui
- Laboratoire Matériaux, molécules et Applications, IPEST, BP51, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Banani
- Laboratoire Matériaux, molécules et Applications, IPEST, BP51, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Sabri Messaoudi
- Laboratoire Matériaux, molécules et Applications, IPEST, BP51, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Moussa
- LETIAM, Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris Sud, EA 4041, IUT d’Orsay, Université Paris Sud 11, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratoire Matériaux, molécules et Applications, IPEST, BP51, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia
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8
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Ma GL, Yang GX, Xiong J, Cheng WL, Cheng KJ, Hu JF. Salicifoxazines A and B, new cytotoxic tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine-containing tryptamine-derived alkaloids from the leaves of Chimonanthus salicifolius. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Ding W, Zhou QQ, Xuan J, Li TR, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation/semipinacol rearrangement sequence: a concise route to the core of pseudoindoxyl alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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An J, Zou YQ, Yang QQ, Wang Q, Xiao WJ. Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Oxyamidation of Indoles: A Photocatalytic Strategy for the Preparation of Tetrahydro-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinolinols. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Commandeur C, Commandeur M, Bathany K, Kauffmann B, Edmunds AJ, Maienfisch P, Ghosez L. Study of the oxidation of 3-hydroxypyrroloindoles to pyrrolobenzoxazine alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Liu F, Fang Y, Chen Y, Liu J. Dissociative Excitation Energy Transfer in the Reactions of Protonated Cysteine and Tryptophan with Electronically Excited Singlet Molecular Oxygen (a1Δg). J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:9898-909. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205235d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yigang Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
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13
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Nakagawa M, Watanabe H, Kodato S, Okajima H, Hino T, Flippen JL, Witkop B. A valid model for the mechanism of oxidation of tryptophan to formylkynurenine-25 years later. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 74:4730-3. [PMID: 16592461 PMCID: PMC432028 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dye-sensitized photooxygenation of DL-tryptophan in aqueous solution leads to the tricyclic compound 2-carboxy-3a-hydroperoxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole which, on reduction with dimethyl sulfide, furnishes two diastereoisomeric alcohols separable by fractional crystallization into a higher melting (mp 254 degrees -256 degrees ) and a lower melting (mp 228 degrees ) diastereoisomer. Each of these alcohols was correlated with one of the analogous pair of isomeric 1,2-dicarbomethoxy analogs by alkaline hydrolysis and by x-ray analysis. In this way, the 3a-hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxycarbonyl- 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole, mp 163 degrees -164 degrees , was shown to have the trans configuration with regard to the relative positions of the hydroxyl and carbomethoxy groups and that, on alkaline hydrolysis, it produced the isomer with mp 228 degrees , which therefore also has the trans configuration. The mechanism of the smooth thermal rearrangement of the (presumably ring-chain tautomeric) tryptophan hydroperoxy intermediates to formylkynurenine is discussed with its implications for the biological oxidation by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Chiba, Japan 280
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14
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Villanueva-Margalef I, Thurston DE, Zinzalla G. Facile nucleophilic substitution at the C3a tertiary carbon of the 3a-bromohexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5294-303. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Stewart DJ, Napolitano MJ, Bakhmutova-Albert EV, Margerum DW. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation of Tryptophan. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:1639-47. [PMID: 18254588 DOI: 10.1021/ic701761p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | | | | | - Dale W. Margerum
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
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17
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Creed D. THE PHOTOPHYSICS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NEAR-UV ABSORBING AMINO ACIDS-I. TRYPTOPHAN AND ITS SIMPLE DERIVATIVES. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sharma N, Jain SK, Rastogi RC. Effect of CTAB and SDS micelles on the excited state equilibria of some indole probes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 68:927-41. [PMID: 17363322 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The absorption and fluorescence spectral characteristics of some biologically active indoles have been studied as a function of acidity and basicity (H_/pH/H(o)) in cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), anionic (sodium dodecylsulphate, SDS) and aqueous phases at a given surfactant concentration. The prototropic equilibrium reactions of these probes have been studied in aqueous and micellar phases and apparent excited state acidity constant (pK(a)(*)) values are calculated. The probes show formation of different species on changing pH. Various species present in water, CTAB and SDS have been identified and the equilibrium constants have been determined by Fluorimetric Titration method. The fluorescence spectral data suggest the formation of oxonium ion through the excited state proton transfer reaction in highly acidic media and formation of photoproducts due to the base catalyzed auto-oxidative reaction in basic aqueous solutions. Variations in the apparent pK(a)(*) value have been observed in different media. The change in the apparent pK(a) values depends upon the solubilising power of the micelles, as well as on the location of the protonating site in the molecule. The observation about increase in pK(a)(*) values in SDS and decrease in CTAB compared to pure water for various equilibria is consistent with the pseudophase ion-exchange (PIE) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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19
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Crich D, Banerjee A. Chemistry of the Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles: configuration, conformation, reactivity, and applications in synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2007; 40:151-61. [PMID: 17309195 DOI: 10.1021/ar050175j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective formation of 2-endo-substituted hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles from 2-substituted tryptamine derivatives, especially tryptophan, is discussed. Parallels are drawn with the formation of related heterocyclic systems, such as the hexahydrofurano[2,3-b]benzofurans, in which the thermodynamic preference of a substituent at the 2-position is also for the endo-configuration. Functionalization of tryptophan-derived hexahydropyrroloindoles at positions 2-, 3-, and 3a- is discussed with special emphasis on the 2-position, at which both radical and nucleophilic reactions take place preferentially on the endo-face of the diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane system. The kinetic and thermodynamic preference for the 2-endo-position is considered in terms of the minimization of torsional strain, and parallels are drawn to the Woerpel model for the reactivity of analogous five-membered cyclic oxacarbenium ions. The use of the tryptophan-derived hexahydro[2,3-b]pyrroloindoles in the stereocontrolled synthesis of amino acids and alkaloids is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA
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Igarashi N, Onoue S, Tsuda Y. Photoreactivity of Amino Acids: Tryptophan-induced Photochemical Events via Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:943-8. [PMID: 17690425 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp), an aromatic amino acid, is a constituent of peptides/proteins and is also a precursor of serotonin, kynurenine derivatives, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. There have been a number of reports on photochemical reactions involving peptides/proteins which contain Trp that showed significant photodegradation, dimerization, and photoionization. The photochemical properties of Trp have not been fully elucidated, and this would provide novel insight into the handling of Trp-containing peptides/proteins. Consequently, we have been trying to evaluate the photochemical properties of Trp, as well as other essential amino acids, focusing on their photosensitivity, photodegradation, and their ability to induce lipid peroxidation. Among all the essential amino acids tested, Trp exhibited the maximal level of superoxide anion generation under 18 h of light exposure (30000 lux). UV spectral analysis of Trp suggested the absorbability of UVA/B light, and exposure of Trp, in both solid and solution states, to UVA/B light resulted in significant photodegradation (t(0.5): 18 h) and gradual color changes. In addition, photoirradiated Trp generated lipoperoxidant, a causative agent of photoirritation, and this might be associated with ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Igarashi
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Japan Inc., Taketoyo, Aichi, Japan.
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Lindel T, Bräuchle L, Golz G, Böhrer P. Total Synthesis of Flustramine C via Dimethylallyl Rearrangement. Org Lett 2006; 9:283-6. [PMID: 17217285 DOI: 10.1021/ol0627348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The marine natural product flustramine C from the bryozoan Flustra foliacea was synthesized in five steps and 38% yield starting from Nb-methyltryptamine. The key step is the biomimetic oxidation of the natural product deformylflustrabromine causing selective 1,2-rearrangement of the inverse prenyl group. By 1H,15N HMBC experiments, it is unambiguously shown that the reaction with t-BuOCl commences with chlorination of the side chain nitrogen. Deformylflustrabromine itself was synthesized via Danishefsky inverse prenylation. [reaction: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindel
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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Kawasaki T, Takamiya W, Okamoto N, Nagaoka M, Hirayama T. Silyl-enolization-asymmetric Claisen rearrangement of 2-allyloxyindolin-3-one: enantioselective total synthesis of 3a-hydroxypyrrolo[2,3-b]indoline alkaloid alline. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Proteins comprise approximately 68% of the dry weight of cells and tissues and are therefore potentially major targets for oxidative damage. Two major types of processes can occur during the exposure of proteins to UV or visible light. The first of these involves direct photo-oxidation arising from the absorption of UV radiation by the protein, or bound chromophore groups, thereby generating excited states (singlet or triplets) or radicals via photo-ionisation. The second major process involves indirect oxidation of the protein via the formation and subsequent reactions of singlet oxygen generated by the transfer of energy to ground state (triplet) molecular oxygen by either protein-bound, or other, chromophores. Singlet oxygen can also be generated by a range of other enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions including processes mediated by heme proteins, lipoxygenases, and activated leukocytes, as well as radical termination reactions. This paper reviews the data available on singlet oxygen-mediated protein oxidation and concentrates primarily on the mechanisms by which this excited state species brings about changes to both the side-chains and backbone of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Recent work on the identification of reactive peroxide intermediates formed on Tyr, His, and Trp residues is discussed. These peroxides may be important propagating species in protein oxidation as they can initiate further oxidation via both radical and non-radical reactions. Such processes can result in the transmittal of damage to other biological targets, and may play a significant role in bystander damage, or dark reactions, in systems where proteins are subjected to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia.
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Davies MJ, Truscott RJ. Photo-oxidation of proteins and its role in cataractogenesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2001; 63:114-25. [PMID: 11684458 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteins comprise approximately 68% of the dry weight of cells and tissues and are therefore potentially major targets for photo-oxidation. Two major types of processes can occur with proteins. The first of these involves direct photo-oxidation arising from the absorption of UV radiation by the protein, or bound chromophore groups, thereby generating excited states (singlet or triplets) or radicals via photo-ionisation. The second major process involves indirect oxidation of the protein via the formation and subsequent reactions of singlet oxygen generated by the transfer of energy to ground state (triplet) molecular oxygen by either protein-bound, or other, chromophores. The basic principles behind these mechanisms of photo-oxidation of amino acids, peptides and proteins and the potential selectivity of damage are discussed. Emphasis is placed primarily on the intermediates that are generated on amino acids and proteins, and the subsequent reactions of these species, and not the identity or chemistry of the sensitizer itself, unless the sensitizing group is itself intrinsic to the protein. A particular system is then discussed--the cataractous lens--where UV photo-oxidation may play a role in the aetiology of the disease, and tryptophan-derived metabolites act as UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Road Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
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25
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Photo-oxidation of proteins and its consequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1568-461x(01)80047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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26
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Yang SW, Cordell GA. Metabolism studies of indole derivatives using a staurosporine producer, Streptomyces staurosporeus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1997; 60:44-48. [PMID: 9014352 DOI: 10.1021/np960566u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
From a tryptophan metabolic study, 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, and o-aminobenzoic acid were obtained as tryptophan metabolites from a staurosporine (1) producer, Streptomyces staurosporeus. A new tryptamine metabolite, (3aR,8aS)-1-acetyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3- b]indol-3a-ol (2), was isolated along with Nb-acetyltryptamine using S. staurosporeus fed with tryptamine. The unusual compound 2 was proposed as a further metabolite of Nb-acetyltryptamine through an enzymatic oxidative cyclization. Examination of the metabolites from the feeding of 5- and 6-fluorotryptamines using the same microorganism afforded the two novel compounds 3 and 4 as the 5- and 6-fluoro derivatives of 2. However, 5-hydroxytryptamine failed to generate the 5-hydroxy derivative of 2. Indole-ring-substituted metabolites of staurosporine (1) were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA
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Adam W, Ahrweiler M, Sauter M, Schmiedeskamp B. Oxidation of indoles by singlet oxygen and dimethyldioxirane: Isolation of indole dioxetanes and epoxides by stabilization through nitrogen acylation. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Takano S, Ogasawara K. Chapter 5 Alkaloids of the Calabar Bean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Hino T, Nakagawa M. Chapter 1 Chemistry and Reactions of Cyclic Tautomers of Tryptamines and Tryptophans. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nguyen N, Wrona MZ, Dryhurst G. Peroxidase-catalyzed and electrochemical oxidation of l-tryptophan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(86)80032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oderfeld-Nowak B, Simon JR, Chang L, Aprison MH. Interactions of the cholinergic and serotonergic systems: re-evaluation of conditions for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by serotonin and evidence for a new inhibitor derived from this natural indoleamine. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1980; 11:37-45. [PMID: 7364202 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(80)90010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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36
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Sun M, Zigman S. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRYPTOPHAN PHOTOPRODUCTS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF TRYPTOPHAN EXPOSED TO NEAR-UV LIGHT*. Photochem Photobiol 1979. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Hino T, Kodato S, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H, Nakagawa M. Oxidative dimerization of Nb-methoxycarbonyltryptamines by dye-sensitized photooxygenation in formic acid. Synthesis of (±)-folicanthine and (±)-chimonanthine. Tetrahedron Lett 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)85769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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