1
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Honda K, Tahara K. Heptagonal Molecular Tiling via Self-Assembly of Heptagonal Phenylene-Ethynylene Macrocycle at the Liquid-Solid Interface. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400926. [PMID: 38567873 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The molecular-level scrutinization of on-surface tiling garners considerable interest among scientists. Herein, we demonstrate molecular-level heptagonal tiling using the self-assembly of a heptagonal meta-phenylene-ethynylene macrocycle featuring 14 long alkoxy substituents at the liquid-graphite interface using scanning tunneling microscopy. This heptagonal macrocycle produces an antiparallel pattern at the 1-phenyloctane-graphite interface through van der Waals interactions between the alkoxy chains. This pattern resembles the densely packed pattern of heptagonal tiles, albeit with variations in the orientations and spacing of heptagonal cores owing to intermolecular interactions between the alkoxy chains. Conversely, at the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-graphite interface, the heptagonal molecule forms an oblique pattern composed of four independent molecular orientations. This phenomenon arises from core distortion induced by the coadsorption of the solvent molecules within the intrinsic macrocyclic pores. This study elucidates the design strategy - specifically, the choice of heptagonal molecular building block - for heptagonal tiling and fills a crucial gap in the field of two-dimensional crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Honda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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2
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Tsai CL, Chang JW, Cheng KY, Lan YJ, Hsu YC, Lin QD, Chen TY, Shih O, Lin CH, Chiang PH, Simenas M, Kalendra V, Chiang YW, Chen CH, Jeng US, Wang SK. Comprehensive characterization of polyproline tri-helix macrocyclic nanoscaffolds for predictive ligand positioning. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:947-959. [PMID: 38298598 PMCID: PMC10825903 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Multivalent ligands hold promise for enhancing avidity and selectivity to simultaneously target multimeric proteins, as well as potentially modulating receptor signaling in pharmaceutical applications. Essential for these manipulations are nanosized scaffolds that precisely control ligand display patterns, which can be achieved by using polyproline oligo-helix macrocyclic nanoscaffolds via selective binding to protein oligomers and cell surface receptors. This work focuses on synthesis and structural characterization of different-sized polyproline tri-helix macrocyclic (PP3M) scaffolds. Through combined analysis of circular dichroism (CD), small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and molecular modeling, a non-coplanar tri-helix loop structure with partially crossover helix ends is elucidated. This structural model aligns well with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging. The present work enhances the precision of nanoscale organic synthesis, offering prospects for controlled ligand positioning on scaffolds. This advancement paves the way for further applications in nanomedicine through selective protein interaction, manipulation of cell surface receptor functions, and developments of more complex polyproline-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan
| | - Kum-Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jing Lan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Qun-Da Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Mantas Simenas
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University Sauletekio 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University Sauletekio 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Yun-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
- College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
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3
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Chen TM, Tanaka Y, Kametani Y, Cheng K, Lin C, Lin YR, Hsu T, Chen Z, Hao J, Mori S, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Furuta H, Shimizu S, Chen C. Spontaneous Assembly and Three‐Dimensional Stacking of Antiaromatic 5,15‐Dioxaporphyrin on HOPG. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212726. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsang‐Wei Matt Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yohei Kametani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kum‐Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Hsun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi Rick Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Rong Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Zuqian Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Jiping Hao
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Center (ADRES) Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chun‐hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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4
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Qiu Z, Narita A, Müllen K. Spiers Memorial Lecture. Carbon nanostructures by macromolecular design - from branched polyphenylenes to nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:8-45. [PMID: 33290471 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are unique connectors between the domains of 1D-conjugated polymers and 2D-graphenes. They can be synthesized with high precision by oxidative flattening processes from dendritic or branched 3D-polyphenylene precursors. Their size, shape and edge type enable not only accurate control of classical (opto)electronic properties, but also access to unprecedented high-spin structures and exotic quantum states. NGs and GNRs serve as active components of devices such as field-effect transistors and as ideal objects for nanoscience. This field of research includes their synthesis after the deposition of suitable monomers on surfaces. An additional advantage of this novel concept is in situ monitoring of the reactions by scanning tunnelling microscopy and electronic characterization of the products by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, Germany.
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5
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Fang Y, Lindner BD, Destoop I, Tsuji T, Zhang Z, Khaliullin RZ, Perepichka DF, Tahara K, Feyter SD, Tobe Y. Stereospecific Epitaxial Growth of Bilayered Porous Molecular Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8662-8671. [PMID: 32306725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stereocontrolled multilayer growth of supramolecular porous networks at the interface between graphite and a solution was investigated. For this study, we designed a chiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) building block bearing alkoxy chains substituted at the 2 position with hydroxy groups, which enable van der Waals stabilization in a layer and potential hydrogen-bonding interactions between the layers. Bias voltage-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments revealed the diastereospecificity of the bilayer with respect to both the intrinsic chirality of the building blocks and the supramolecular chirality of the self-assembled networks. Top and bottom layers within the same crystalline domain were composed of the same enantiomers but displayed opposite supramolecular chiralities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Lindner
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Iris Destoop
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Zhenzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Rustam Z Khaliullin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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6
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Rösel S, Becker J, Allen WD, Schreiner PR. Probing the Delicate Balance between Pauli Repulsion and London Dispersion with Triphenylmethyl Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14421-14432. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Rösel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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7
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Szczepanik DW, Solà M, Krygowski TM, Szatylowicz H, Andrzejak M, Pawełek B, Dominikowska J, Kukułka M, Dyduch K. Aromaticity of acenes: the model of migrating π-circuits. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13430-13436. [PMID: 29722388 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we extend the concept of migrating Clar's sextets to explain local aromaticity trends in linear acenes predicted by theoretical calculations and experimental data. To assess the link between resonance and reactivity and to rationalize the constant-height AFM image of pentacene we used the electron density of delocalized bonds and other functions of the one-electron density from conceptual density functional theory. The presented results provide evidence for migration of Clar's π-sextets and larger circuits in these systems, and clearly show that the link between the theoretical concept of aromaticity and the real electronic structure entails the separation of intra- and inter-ring resonance effects, which in the case of [n]acenes (n = 3, 4, 5) comes down to solving a system of simple linear equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz W Szczepanik
- K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Quìmica Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tadeusz M Krygowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Halina Szatylowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marcin Andrzejak
- K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawełek
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Dominikowska
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Mercedes Kukułka
- K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karol Dyduch
- K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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8
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Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Supramolecular Approaches to Graphene: From Self-Assembly to Molecule-Assisted Liquid-Phase Exfoliation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6030-51. [PMID: 26928750 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a one-atom thick two-dimensional (2D) material, is at the core of an ever-growing research effort due to its combination of unique mechanical, thermal, optical and electrical properties. Two strategies are being pursued for the graphene production: the bottom-up and the top-down. The former relies on the use of covalent chemistry approaches on properly designed molecular building blocks undergoing chemical reaction to form 2D covalent networks. The latter occurs via exfoliation of bulk graphite into individual graphene sheets. Amongst the various types of exfoliations exploited so far, ultrasound-induced liquid-phase exfoliation (UILPE) is an attractive strategy, being extremely versatile, up-scalable and applicable to a variety of environments. In this review, we highlight the recent developments that have led to successful non-covalent functionalization of graphene and how the latter can be exploited to promote the process of molecule-assisted UILPE of graphite. The functionalization of graphene with non-covalently interacting molecules, both in dispersions as well as in dry films, represents a promising and modular approach to tune various physical and chemical properties of graphene, eventually conferring to such a 2D system a multifunctional nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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9
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Bang JJ, Rupp KK, Russell SR, Choong SW, Claridge SA. Sitting Phases of Polymerizable Amphiphiles for Controlled Functionalization of Layered Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4448-57. [PMID: 26974686 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Bang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kortney K. Rupp
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shane R. Russell
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shi Wah Choong
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shelley A. Claridge
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Effects of Alkyl Chain Length and Hydrogen Bonds on the Cooperative Self-Assembly of 2-Thienyl-Type Diarylethenes at a Liquid/Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) Interface. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26219631 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate understanding of the process of self-assembly is of critical importance to tailor nanostructured order on 2D surfaces with functional molecules. Photochromic compounds are promising candidates for building blocks of advanced photoresponsive surfaces. To investigate the relationship between molecular structure and the mechanism of ordering formation, 2-thienyl-type diarylethenes with various lengths of alkyl side chains linked through an amide or ester group were synthesized. Their self-assemblies at a liquid/solid interface were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The concentration dependence of the surface coverage was analyzed by using a cooperative model for a 2D surface based on two characteristic parameters: the nucleation equilibrium constant (Kn) and the elongation equilibrium constant (Ke). The following conclusions can be drawn. 1) The concentration at which a stable 2D molecular ordering is observed by STM exponentially decreases with increasing length of the alkyl chain. 2) Compounds bearing amide groups have higher degrees of cooperativity in self-assembly on 2D surfaces (i.e., σ, which is defined as Kn/Ke) than compounds with ester groups. 3) The self-assembly process of the open-ring isomer of an ester derivative is close to isodesmic, whereas that of the closed-ring isomer is cooperative because of the difference in equilibrium constants for the nucleation step (i.e., Kn) between the two isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan).
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11
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Ji F, Li X, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). J Org Chem 2014; 79:11246-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502013s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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12
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Nirmalraj P, Thompson D, Molina-Ontoria A, Sousa M, Martín N, Gotsmann B, Riel H. Nanoelectrical analysis of single molecules and atomic-scale materials at the solid/liquid interface. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:947-953. [PMID: 25129620 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the built-in functionality of nanomaterials under practical conditions is central for their proposed integration as active components in next-generation electronics. Low-dimensional materials from single atoms to molecules have been consistently resolved and manipulated under ultrahigh vacuum at low temperatures. At room temperature, atomic-scale imaging has also been performed by probing materials at the solid/liquid interface. We exploit this electrical interface to develop a robust electronic decoupling platform that provides precise information on molecular energy levels recorded using in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy with high spatial and energy resolution in a high-density liquid environment. Our experimental findings, supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations and atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations, reveal direct mapping of single-molecule structure and resonance states at the solid/liquid interface. We further extend this approach to resolve the electronic structure of graphene monolayers at atomic length scales under standard room-temperature operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nirmalraj
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Damien Thompson
- 1] Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Ireland [2] Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Agustín Molina-Ontoria
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marilyne Sousa
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Nazario Martín
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernd Gotsmann
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Heike Riel
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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13
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Trawny D, Vandromme L, Rabe JP, Reissig HU. The Side Chain Makes the Difference: Investigation of the 2D Self-Assembly of 1,3,5-Tris[4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]benzene Derivatives by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Abstract
In 1972 Erich Clar formulated his aromatic π-sextet rule that allows discussing qualitatively the aromatic character of benzenoid species. Now, 40 years later, Clar's aromatic π-sextet rule is still a source of inspiration for many chemists. This simple rule has been validated both experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we select some particular examples to highlight the achievement of Clar's aromatic π-sextet rule in many situations and we discuss two recent successful cases of its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de GironaGirona, Spain
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15
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Mali KS, Zöphel L, Ivasenko O, Müllen K, De Feyter S. Manifestations of Non-Planar Adsorption Geometries of Lead Pyrenocyanine at the Liquid-Solid Interface. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2497-505. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Liu XH, Wang D, Wan LJ. Surface tectonics of nanoporous networks of melamine-capped molecular building blocks formed through interface Schiff-base reactions. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2466-70. [PMID: 23868669 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Control over the assembly of molecules on a surface is of great importance for the fabrication of molecule-based miniature devices. Melamine (MA) and molecules with terminal MA units are promising candidates for supramolecular interfacial packing patterning, owing to their multiple hydrogen-bonding sites. Herein, we report the formation of self-assembled structures of MA-capped molecules through a simple on-surface synthetic route. MA terminal groups were successfully fabricated onto rigid molecular cores with 2-fold and 3-fold symmetry through interfacial Schiff-base reactions between MA and aldehyde groups. Sub-molecular scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging of the resultant adlayer revealed the formation of nanoporous networks. Detailed structural analysis indicated that strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between the MA groups persistently drove the formation of nanoporous networks. Herein, we demonstrate that functional groups with strong hydrogen-bond-formation ability are promising building blocks for the guided assembly of nanoporous networks and other hierarchical 2D assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-He Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190 (P. R. China); Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 10-62558934; Graduate University of CAS, Beijing 100490 (P. R. China)
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Rasmussen JA. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Trends for Bonding Hydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4279-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp400287h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Arendt Rasmussen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Ny Munkegade, Building 1520, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Ciesielski A, Szabelski PJ, Rżysko W, Cadeddu A, Cook TR, Stang PJ, Samorì P. Concentration-Dependent Supramolecular Engineering of Hydrogen-Bonded Nanostructures at Surfaces: Predicting Self-Assembly in 2D. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6942-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Andrea Cadeddu
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Palermo V. Not a molecule, not a polymer, not a substrate… the many faces of graphene as a chemical platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2848-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Shen Y, Deng K, Li M, Zhang X, Zhou G, Müllen K, Zeng Q, Wang C. Self-assembling in fabrication of ordered porphyrins and phthalocyanines hybrid nano-arrays on HOPG. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40340h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Zöphel L, Mali KS, Reddy PS, Wagner M, De Feyter S, Pisula W, Müllen K. 4,5-Pyrenocyanine-Just Another Phthalocyanine? A STM and 2D WAXS Study. Chemistry 2012; 18:3264-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Ciesielski A, Cadeddu A, Palma CA, Gorczyński A, Patroniak V, Cecchini M, Samorì P. Self-templating 2D supramolecular networks: a new avenue to reach control over a bilayer formation. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:4125-4129. [PMID: 21792434 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in 2D self-assembly at interfaces is the ability to grow spatially controlled supramolecular motifs in the third dimension, exploiting the surface as a template. In this manuscript a concentration-dependent study by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid-liquid interface, corroborated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, reveals the controlled generation of mono- or bilayer self-assembled Kagomé networks based on a fully planar tetracarboxylic acid derivative. By programming the backbone of the molecular building blocks, we present a strategy to gain spatial control over the adlayer structure by conferring self-templating capacity to the 2D self-assembled network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS/UMR CNRS 7006, Nanochemistry Laboratory, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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23
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Zhang R, Wang LC, Li M, Zhang XM, Li YB, Shen YT, Zheng QY, Zeng QD, Wang C. Heterogeneous bilayer molecular structure at a liquid-solid interface. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3755-3759. [PMID: 21796300 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) derivatives, HPB-6a and HPB-6pa, can form a supramolecular network which is stabilized by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between carboxyl group at an octanoic acid/graphite interface. The observation of the heterogeneous bilayer structure formed exclusively by coronene and HPB-6pa at the octanoic acid/graphite interface is reported. Pronounced selectivity of coronene for the supramolecular networks with different sizes is reflected through the formation of bilayer structure for HPB-6pa network with the introduction of coronene as the guest species, indicating stronger interactions between HPB-6pa and coronene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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24
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Gao J, Li D, Chen Y. Controllable Self-assembly of Sandwich-type Mixed (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) Rare Earth Triple-Decker Complexes. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-011-9520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Mu Z, Shao Q, Ye J, Zeng Z, Zhao Y, Hng HH, Boey FYC, Wu J, Chen X. Effect of intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions on interfacial supramolecular structures of C3-symmetric hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1314-1318. [PMID: 21090755 DOI: 10.1021/la103921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular assemblies of a series of novel C(3)-symmetric hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives bearing different substituents adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite were studied by using scanning tunneling microscopy at a solid-liquid interface. It was found that the intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions play a critical role in controlling the interfacial supramolecular assembly of these C(3)-symmetric HBC derivatives at the solid-liquid interface. The HBC molecule bearing three -CF(3) groups could form 2D honeycomb structures because of antiparallel dipole-dipole interactions, whereas HBC molecules bearing three -CN or -NO(2) groups could form hexagonal superstructures because of a special trimeric arrangement induced by dipole-dipole interactions and weak hydrogen bonding interactions ([C-H···NC-] or [C-H···O(2)N-]). Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations were performed to reveal the physics behind the 2D structures as well as detailed functional group interactions. This work provides an example of how intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions could enable fine control over the self-assembly of disklike π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Mu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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26
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Lee SL, Lin HA, Lin YH, Chen HH, Liao CT, Lin TL, Chu YC, Hsu HF, Chen CH, Lee JJ, Hung WY, Liu QY, Wu C. Gearing of Molecular Swirls: Columnar Packing of Nematogenic Hexakis(4-alkoxyphenylethynyl)benzene Derivatives. Chemistry 2011; 17:792-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Takami T, Ye T, Pathem BK, Arnold DP, Sugiura KI, Bian Y, Jiang J, Weiss PS. Manipulating double-decker molecules at the liquid-solid interface. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16460-6. [PMID: 21033714 DOI: 10.1021/ja105421k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have used a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to manipulate heteroleptic phthalocyaninato, naphthalocyaninato, and porphyrinato double-decker (DD) molecules at the liquid-solid interface between 1-phenyloctane solvent and graphite. We employed nanografting of phthalocyanines with eight octyl chains to place these molecules into a matrix of heteroleptic DD molecules; the overlayer structure is epitaxial on graphite. We have also used nanografting to place DD molecules in matrices of single-layer phthalocyanines with octyl chains. Rectangular scans with a STM at low bias voltage resulted in the removal of the adsorbed DD molecular layer and substituted the DD molecules with bilayer-stacked phthalocyanines from phenyloctane solution. Single heteroleptic DD molecules with lutetium sandwiched between naphthalocyanine and octaethylporphyrin were decomposed with voltage pulses from the probe tip; the top octaethylporphyrin ligand was removed, and the bottom naphthalocyanine ligand remained on the surface. A domain of decomposed molecules was formed within the DD molecular domain, and the boundary of the decomposed molecular domain self-cured to become rectangular. We demonstrated a molecular "sliding block puzzle" with cascades of DD molecules on the graphite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Takami
- VRI, Inc., 4-13-13 Jingumae, Shibuya, Tokyo 150-0001, Japan.
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Tahara K, Lei S, Adisoejoso J, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Supramolecular surface-confined architectures created by self-assembly of triangular phenylene-ethynylene macrocycles via van der Waals interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8507-25. [PMID: 20967375 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02780d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At the liquid/graphite interface triangular and rhombic phenylene-ethynylene macrocycles substituted by alkyl chains self-assemble to form porous two-dimensional (2D) molecular networks of honeycomb and Kagomé types, respectively, or close-packed non-porous structures via alkyl chain interdigitation as the directional intermolecular linkages. Factors that affect the formation of the 2D molecular networks, such as alkyl chain length, solvent, solute concentration, and co-adsorption of guest molecules, were elucidated through a systematic study. For the porous networks, various molecules and molecular clusters were adsorbed in the pores reflecting the size and shape complementarity, exploring a new field of 2D host-guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Ciesielski A, Palma CA, Bonini M, Samorì P. Towards supramolecular engineering of functional nanomaterials: pre-programming multi-component 2D self-assembly at solid-liquid interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3506-3520. [PMID: 20626011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Materials with a pre-programmed order at the supramolecular level can be engineered with a sub-nanometer precision making use of reversible non- covalent interactions. The intrinsic ability of supramolecular materials to recognize and exchange their constituents makes them constitutionally dynamic materials. The tailoring of the materials properties relies on the full control over the self-assembly behavior of molecular modules exposing recognition sites and incorporating functional units. In this review we focus on three classes of weak-interactions to form complex 2D architectures starting from properly designed molecular modules: van der Waals, metallo-ligand and hydrogen bonding. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies will provide evidence with a sub-nanometer resolution, on the formation of responsive multicomponent architectures with controlled geometries and properties. Such endeavor enriches the scientist capability of generating more and more complex smart materials featuring controlled functions and unprecedented properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS (UMR 7006), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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30
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Käfer D, Bashir A, Dou X, Witte G, Müllen K, Wöll C. Evidence for band-like transport in graphene-based organic monolayers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:384-388. [PMID: 20217724 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Käfer
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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31
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De Luca G, Liscio A, Melucci M, Schnitzler T, Pisula W, Clark CG, Scolaro LM, Palermo V, Müllen K, Samorì P. Phase separation and affinity between a fluorinated perylene diimide dye and an alkyl-substituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b915484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Fogel Y, Zhi L, Rouhanipour A, Andrienko D, Räder HJ, Müllen K. Graphitic Nanoribbons with Dibenzo[e,l]pyrene Repeat Units: Synthesis and Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Fogel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Linjie Zhi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao, 11, 100080 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ali Rouhanipour
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Räder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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33
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Chou CM, Lee SL, Chen CH, Biju AT, Wang HW, Wu YL, Zhang GF, Yang KW, Lim TS, Huang MJ, Tsai PY, Lin KC, Huang SL, Chen CH, Luh TY. Polymeric Ladderphanes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12579-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9035362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Chih-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Akkattu Thankappan Biju
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Hsian-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Guo-Fu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Kuang-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Tsong-Shin Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Min-Jie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Po-Yu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Kin-Chuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Chun-hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
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34
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Feng X, Pisula W, Kudernac T, Wu D, Zhi L, De Feyter S, Müllen K. Controlled Self-Assembly of C3-Symmetric Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes with Alternating Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Substituents in Solution, in the Bulk, and on a Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4439-48. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808979t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao 11, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao 11, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tibor Kudernac
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao 11, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao 11, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Zhi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao 11, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao 11, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao 11, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
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35
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Nanopowders of 3D AgI coordination polymer: A new precursor for preparation of silver nanoparticles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Treossi E, Liscio A, Feng X, Palermo V, Müllen K, Samorì P. Temperature-enhanced solvent vapor annealing of a C3 symmetric hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: controlling the self-assembly from nano- to macroscale. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:112-119. [PMID: 19130429 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200801002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-enhanced solvent vapor annealing (TESVA) is used to self-assemble functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules into ordered macroscopic layers and crystals on solid surfaces. A novel C3 symmetric hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene functionalized with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains is used as a model system since its multivalent character can be expected to offer unique self-assembly properties and behavior in different solvents. TESVA promotes the molecule's long-range mobility, as proven by their diffusion on a Si/SiO(x) surface on a scale of hundreds of micrometers. This leads to self-assembly into large, ordered crystals featuring an edge-on columnar type of arrangement, which differs from the morphologies obtained using conventional solution-processing methods such as spin-coating or drop-casting. The temperature modulation in the TESVA makes it possible to achieve an additional control over the role of hydrodynamic forces in the self-assembly at surfaces, leading to a macroscopic self-healing within the adsorbed film notably improved as compared to conventional solvent vapor annealing. This surface re-organization can be monitored in real time by optical and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Treossi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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37
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Structural selection of graphene supramolecular assembly oriented by molecular conformation and alkyl chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:16849-54. [PMID: 18974221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0809427105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene molecules, hexafluorotribenzo[a,g,m]coronene with n-carbon alkyl chains (FTBC-Cn, n = 4, 6, 8, 12) and Janus-type "double-concave" conformation, are used to fabricate self-assembly on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. The structural dependence of the self-assemblies with molecular conformation and alkyl chain is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculation. An interesting reverse face "up-down" way is observed in FTBC-C4 assembly due to the existence of hydrogen bonds. With the increase of the alkyl chain length and consequently stronger van der Waals interaction, the molecules no longer take alternating "up-down" orientation in their self-assembly and organize into various adlayers with lamellar, hexagonal honeycomb, and pseudohoneycomb structures based on the balance between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. The results demonstrate that the featured "double-concave" molecules are available block for designing graphene nanopattern. From the results of scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurement, it is found that the electronic property of the featured graphene molecules is preserved when they are adsorbed on solid surface.
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Müllen K, Rabe JP. Nanographenes as active components of single-molecule electronics and how a scanning tunneling microscope puts them to work. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:511-20. [PMID: 18410086 DOI: 10.1021/ar7001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule electronics, that is, realizing novel electronic functionalities from single (or very few) molecules, holds promise for application in various technologies, including signal processing and sensing. Nanographenes, which are extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are highly attractive subjects for studies of single-molecule electronics because the electronic properties of their flat conjugated systems can be varied dramatically through synthetic modification of their sizes and topologies. Single nanographenes provide high tunneling currents when adsorbed flat onto conducting substrates, such as graphite. Because of their chemical inertness, nanographenes interact only weakly with these substrates, thereby preventing the need for special epitaxial structure matching. Instead, self-assembly at the interface between a conducting solid, such as the basal plane of graphite, and a nanographene solution generally leads to highly ordered monolayers. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) allows the current-voltage characteristics to be measured through a single molecule positioned between two electrodes; the key to the success of STS is the ability to position the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tip freely with respect to the molecule in all dimensions, that is, both parallel and perpendicular to the surface. In this Account, we report the properties of nanographenes having sizes ranging from 0.7 to 3.1 nm and exhibiting various symmetry, periphery, and substitution types. The size of the aromatic system and the nature of its perimeter are two essential features affecting its HOMO-LUMO gap and charge carrier mobility in the condensed phase. Moreover, the extended pi area of larger substituted PAHs improves the degree of self-ordering, another key requirement for high-performance electronic devices. Self-assembly at the interface between an organic solution and the basal plane of graphite allows deposition of single molecules within the well-defined environment of a molecular monolayer. We have used STM and STS to investigate both the structures and electronic properties of these single molecules in situ. Indeed, we have observed key electronic functions, rectification and current control through single molecules, within a prototypical chemical field-effect transistor at ambient temperature. The combination of nanographenes and STM/STS, with the PAHs self-assembled in oriented molecular mono- or bilayers at the interface between an organic solution and the basal plane of graphite and contacted by the STM tip, is a simple, reliable, and versatile system for developing the fundamental concepts of molecular electronics. Our future targets include fast reversible molecular switches and complex molecular electronic devices coupled together from several single-molecule systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen P. Rabe
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Self-assembly and properties of low-dimensional nanomaterials based on π-conjugated organic molecules. PURE APPL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200880030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Building supramolecular architectures with well-defined shapes and functions is of great importance in materials science, nanochemistry, and biomimetic chemistry. In recent years, we have devoted much effort to the construction of well-defined supramolecular structures through noncovalent forces such as hydrogen bonding, π-stacking, metal-ligand bonds, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with the aid of functional building blocks. The morphologies and their physical properties were studied, and new methods for the construction of one-dimensional nanoscale structures have been developed. In this review, we summarize our recent studies on the design and synthesis of the supramolecular systems, as well as the physical properties of nanoscale structures.
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40
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Yang HC, Lee SL, Chen CH, Lin NT, Yang HC, Jin BY, Luh TY. One-handed helical double stranded polybisnorbornenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6158-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b814672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Tahara K, Johnson CA, Fujita T, Sonoda M, De Schryver FC, De Feyter S, Haley MM, Tobe Y. Synthesis of dehydrobenzo[18]annulene derivatives and formation of self-assembled monolayers: implications of core size on alkyl chain interdigitation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:10190-7. [PMID: 17760473 DOI: 10.1021/la701663j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of dodecadehydrotribenzo[18]annulene ([18]DBA) derivatives is reported, together with their steady-state absorption and fluorescence properties. The main focus, though, is on the self-assembly of these compounds at the liquid-solid interface as investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), highlighting the effect of alkyl chain orientation and alkyl chain length on the molecular ordering. Owing to the large triangular pi-electron system of the [18]DBAs, two different types of alkyl chain orientation are observed. The observed changes in the monolayer networks upon elongation of the alkyl chains are attributed to the increased van der Waals interactions between molecules and substrate. The effect of the core size on the alkyl chain orientation and, as a result, the monolayer structure is discussed in relation to the results obtained previously for triangularly-shaped dehydrobenzo [12]annulene ([12]DBA) derivatives and triphenylene derivatives. A guideline for substituent spacing allowing control of molecular alignment for large planar pi-electron systems utilizing directional alkyl chain interdigitation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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42
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Palermo V, Liscio A, Talarico AM, Zhi L, Müllen K, Samorì P. Unconventional nanotubes self-assembled in alumina channels: morphology and surface potential of isolated nanostructures at surfaces. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:1577-88. [PMID: 17428761 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nanographenes have been self-assembled from solution on the surface of nanometric channels of an alumina membrane template. By controlling the interplay between intermolecular and interfacial interactions, the molecules have been adsorbed either 'face-on' or 'edge-on' on the pore's surfaces, leading to the formation of columnar stacks in the latter case. Upon thermal treatment at high temperature, the molecular cross-linking of the columns has been triggered, transforming the delicate supramolecular arrangement into robust carbon nanotubes, with the graphitic planes at predetermined orientations with respect to the tube axis. Scanning force microscopy characterization of single nanotubes deposited from suspensions on mica showed that the nanotubes can self-assemble on flat surfaces adopting preferential alignments which reflect the threefold symmetry of the mica substrate. Kelvin probe force microscopy studies revealed that the nanotubes possess a surface potential much smaller than the work function of both graphite and conventional vacuum-processed nanotubes, providing evidence for their more confined electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Palermo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Pisula W, Tomović Z, Watson MD, Müllen K, Kussmann J, Ochsenfeld C, Metzroth T, Gauss J. Helical Packing of Discotic Hexaphenyl Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes: Theory and Experiment. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:7481-7. [PMID: 17555344 DOI: 10.1021/jp071167i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The arrangement of discotic hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) into columnar helical superstructures has been investigated in relation to their molecular architecture. The supramolecular structure of two hexaphenyl-substituted HBC derivatives, differing only in the chiral/achiral nature of the attached alkyl side chains, was studied by circular dichroism and temperature-dependent wide-angle X-ray diffraction on oriented filaments. A structural model in agreement with the experimental observations was developed on the basis of accompanying quantum-chemical calculations. The helical organization along the self-assembled columnar structures was induced by the steric requirements of the bulky phenyl rings near the aromatic core, i.e., by their rotation out-of-plane with respect to the aromatic core. On the other hand, a uniform handedness of the twist was generated by chiral alkyl substituents. At higher temperatures the degree of helical organization decreases due to lateral and longitudinal dynamics of the discotic molecules. Annealing at ambient conditions improved the long-range arrangement of the discs along the columnar structures. This reorganization indicated a self-healing of the plastic material which is desirable for application of discotics as active layers in electronic devices. The helical packing resulted in a considerable stability of the mesophase up to 500 degrees C, which has not been reported for a discotic so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Wu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Surin M, Samorì P, Jouaiti A, Kyritsakas N, Hosseini M. Molecular Tectonics on Surfaces: Bottom-Up Fabrication of 1D Coordination Networks That Form 1D and 2D Arrays on Graphite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Surin M, Samorì P, Jouaiti A, Kyritsakas N, Hosseini MW. Molecular Tectonics on Surfaces: Bottom-Up Fabrication of 1D Coordination Networks That Form 1D and 2D Arrays on Graphite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:245-9. [PMID: 17136789 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Surin
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS/CNRS 7006, Université Louis Pasteur, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg, France
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Palermo V, Liscio A, Gentilini D, Nolde F, Müllen K, Samorì P. Scanning probe microscopy investigation of self-organized perylenetetracarboxdiimide nanostructures at surfaces: structural and electronic properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:161-7. [PMID: 17294488 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A scanning probe microscopy investigation of the self-organization and local electronic properties of spin-coated ultrathin films of N-alkyl substituted perylenetetracarboxdiimide (PDI) is described. By carefully balancing the interplay between molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions, PDI is able to form highly ordered supramolecular architectures on flat surfaces from solution. On an electrically insulating yet highly polar surface (mica) PDI forms strongly anisotropic architectures with needlelike structures with lengths of up to a few micrometers. On a conductive yet apolar surface (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite), the competition between the strong molecule-substrate interactions and the intermolecular forces leads to the generation of more disordered structures. The local electronic properties of these architectures are studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy by estimating their surface potential (SP). Quantitative measurements of the SP are obtained by analyzing the experimentally estimated SP data with a computational model, which discriminates between the intrinsic SP and the effect of long-range tip-surface interactions. The SP of PDI aggregates depends on the structural order at the supramolecular level. Narrow needles of constant width reveal identical SPs independent of length. Wider needles with a polydisperse width distribution exhibit a greater SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Palermo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Liu Q, Bian Y, Liu H, Wang X, Chen Y, Li X, Jiang J. Metal-cation-mediated nanocrystal arrays of sandwich-type (phthalocyaninato) [tetrakis(4-pyridyl)porphyrinato] cerium complex formed at the water–chloroform interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 304:431-6. [PMID: 17046015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Regular square, wirelike, quadrate, and rodlike nanocrystal arrays of Cd2+, Hg2+, or Ag+ metal-cation-mediated sandwich-type mixed (phthalocyaninato) [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)poprhyrinato] cerium(III) double-decker complex Ce(Pc)(TPyP) have been successfully prepared at the water-chloroform interface. The nanocrystal growth processes were monitored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which reveals that different morphologies of nanocrystals have been fabricated from double-decker molecules connected by different kinds of metal cations, forming coordination polymers. These nanoscaled coordination polymers were characterized by FT-IR spectra and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS). EDS results clearly revealed the elements of the nanocrystals and the FT-IR spectra give evidence for the coordination interaction between the double-decker molecules and metal cations. The UV-vis absorption spectrum indicates the formation of J-aggregates of the double-decker molecules in the nanocrystals formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Liu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Palermo V, Morelli S, Simpson C, Müllen K, Samorì P. Self-organized nanofibers from a giant nanographene: effect of solvent and deposition method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b512137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Palma M, Pace G, Roussel O, Geerts Y, Samorí P. STM Investigation of Alkylated Thiotriphenylene Monolayers at the Solid–Liquid Interface: Structure and Dynamics. Aust J Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ch06142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a STM investigation of the structure and dynamics of alkylated thiotriphenylene monolayers at the solid–liquid interface. This discotic system was found to pack into two coexisting structural motifs on the basal plane of graphite. The interpretation of the intra-molecular contrast in the STM images showed a large contribution of electronic levels localized on the sulfur atoms bridging the conjugated core with the aliphatic side-chains. The temporal evolution of domain boundaries in a polycrystalline monolayer, explored by recording series of subsequent STM images, revealed an Ostwald ripening phenomenon, namely coarsening in two-dimensional molecular polycrystals.
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