1
|
Bharathi S, Mahendiran D, Ahmed S, Rahiman AK. In vitro anti-proliferative, and in silico ribonucleotide reductase and pharmacokinetics studies of heteroleptic silver(I), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazones and ibuprofen. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127211. [PMID: 37263062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present research focuses on the in vitro anti-proliferative, and in silico ribonucleotide reductase and pharmacokinetics studies of twelve heteroleptic metal complexes of the general formulae [Ag(L1-4)(ibu)] (1-4) and [M(L1-4)(ibu)2] (5-12), where L1-4 = 2-(1-(4-substitutedphenyl)ethylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide, ibu = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen), and M = Cu(II) and Ni(II). METHODS Various spectroscopic techniques were used to authenticate the structure of the synthesized complexes. UV-Vis and cyclic voltammetry techniques were used to analyse the stability and the reducing ability of the complexes. In vitro anti-proliferative studies by MTT assay, apoptotic behaviour and cellular uptake studies were investigated followed by the in silico interaction with ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzyme. RESULTS The spectral studies predicted distorted tetrahedral geometry around silver(I) ion and distorted octahedral geometry around nickel(II) and copper(II) ions. The reducing ability of the copper(II) complexes was analysed using ascorbic acid by UV-Vis and cyclic voltammetry techniques, which authenticate the reducing ability of the complexes and the possible interactions within the cells. The in vitro anti-proliferative activity of the synthesized complexes against three cancerous (estrogen positive (MCF-7), estrogen negative (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic (PANC-1)) and one normal (MCF-10a) cell lines by MTT assay showed enhanced activity for copper(II) complexes 11 and 12 containing the hydrophobic substituents. The apoptotic and cellular uptake studies showed that the complex 12 is readily taken up by PANC-1 cell lines and induces ROS-mediated mitochondrial and caspase-dependent apoptosis. The in silico studies indicated hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π-pair (π-π, π-σ and π-cation) interactions between the complexes and the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzyme. The in silico pharmacokinetics studies of the complexes predicted the drug-likeness characteristics of the complexes. CONCLUSION The synthesized complexes are found to be less toxic to normal cells and inhibit the growth of cancerous cells by inducing mitochondrial-mediated and caspase dependent apoptotic pathway in PANC-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Bharathi
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai 600 117, India
| | - Dharmasivam Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, India; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sumeer Ahmed
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, India
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Equilibrium Studies on Pd(II)-Amine Complexes with Bio-Relevant Ligands in Reference to Their Antitumor Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054843. [PMID: 36902279 PMCID: PMC10003265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article presents an overview of the equilibrium studies on Pd-amine complexes with bio-relevant ligands in reference to their antitumor activity. Pd(II) complexes with amines of different functional groups, were synthesized and characterized in many studies. The complex formation equilibria of Pd(amine)2+ complexes with amino acids, peptides, dicarboxylic acids and DNA constituents, were extensively investigated. Such systems may be considered as one of the models for the possible reactions occurring with antitumor drugs in biological systems. The stability of the formed complexes depends on the structural parameters of the amines and the bio-relevant ligands. The evaluated speciation curves can help to provide a pictorial presentation of the reactions in solutions of different pH values. The stability data of complexes with sulfur donor ligands compared with those of DNA constituents, can reveal information regarding the deactivation caused by sulfur donors. The formation equilibria of binuclear complexes of Pd(II) with DNA constituents was investigated to support the biological significance of this class of complexes. Most of the Pd(amine)2+ complexes investigated were studied in a low dielectric constant medium, resembling that of a biological medium. Investigations of the thermodynamic parameters reveal that the formation of the Pd(amine)2+ complex species is exothermic.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fitzgerald SA, Xiao X, Zhao J, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Knighton RC, Ward BD, Pope SJA. Organometallic Platinum(II) Photosensitisers that Demonstrate Ligand-Modulated Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Energy Upconversion Efficiencies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203241. [PMID: 36394514 PMCID: PMC10107691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylquinoxaline ligands have been synthesised that introduce either CF3 or OCF3 electron-withdrawing groups at different positions of the phenyl ring. These ligands were investigated as cyclometalating reagents for platinum(II) to give neutral complexes of the form [Pt(C^N)(acac)] (in which C^N=cyclometalating ligand; acac=acetyl acetonate). X-ray crystallographic studies on three examples showed that the complexes adopt an approximate square planar geometry. All examples revealed strong Pt-Pt linear contacts of 3.2041(6), 3.2199(3) and 3.2586(2) Å. The highly coloured complexes display efficient visible absorption at 400-500 nm (ϵ ≈5000 M-1 cm-1 ) and orange red photoluminescent characteristics (λem =603-620 nm; Φem ≤37 %), which were subtly tuned by the ligand. Triplet emitting character was confirmed by microsecond luminescence lifetimes and the photogeneration of singlet oxygen with quantum efficiencies up to 57 %. Each complex was investigated as a photosensitiser for triplet-triplet annihilation energy upconversion using 9,10-diphenylanthracene as the annihilator species: a range of good upconversion efficiencies (ΦUC 5.9-14.1 %) were observed and shown to be strongly influenced by the ligand structure in each case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Benjamin D Ward
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Uemura M, Hiramoto K, Yoneyama H, Harusawa S, Komeda S. Introduction of Fluorine into Antitumor-Active Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes Leads to Modulation of In Vivo Antitumor Activity in Mice. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12155-12164. [PMID: 35876345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazolato-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) complexes ([{cis-Pt(NH3)2}2(μ-OH)(μ-5-R-tetrazolato-N2,N3)]2+; tetrazolato-bridged complexes) show remarkable cytotoxic effects in vitro and antitumor activity in vivo. Here, we examined the structure-activity relationship of a series of fluorine-containing derivatives (R = CFH2, CF2H, or CF3), focusing on their lipophilicity, cellular accumulation, cytotoxicity, interactions with a nucleobase and double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid, and in vivo antitumor efficacy. Fluorination had a little effect on the properties of the derivatives in vitro; however, marked differences in in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor growth inhibition activity were observed. In BALB/c mice bearing colon-26 tumors, the antitumor efficacies of the derivatives were markedly altered, even by changing the number of fluorine atoms by one. In addition, one derivative, [{cis-Pt(NH3)2}2(μ-OH)(μ-5-difluoromethyltetrazolato-N2,N3)](NO3)2, showed a significantly higher antitumor efficacy compared with oxaliplatin, a current first-line drug and the only platinum-based drug approved for the treatment of colon cancer. Together, the present results indicate that introducing fluorine into tetrazolato-bridged complexes may be useful for modulating in vivo activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Uemura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoneyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shinya Harusawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Seiji Komeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chu WK, Rono CK, Makhubela BCE. New Triazolyl N^N Bidentate Rh(III), Ir(III), Ru(II) and Os(II) Complexes: Synthesis and Characterization, Probing Possible Relations between Cytotoxicity with Transfer Hydrogenation Efficacy and Interaction with Model Biomolecules. Molecules 2022; 27:2058. [PMID: 35408457 PMCID: PMC9000499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and other metallodrugs have realised great success in clinical chemotherapeutic applications as anticancer drugs. However, severe toxicity to healthy cells and non-selectivity to cancer cells remains a challenge, warranting the further search for alternative agents. Herein, we report the anticancer potential of a series of complexes of the general formula [MCl(p-cym)(k2-N^N-L)]+ X− and [MCl(Cp*)(k2-N^N-L)]+ X−, where M is the metal centre (Ru(II), Os(II), Rh(III) or Ir(III)), L = 1-benzyl-4-pyridinyl-1-H-1,2,3-triazole for L1 and 1-picolyl-4-pyridinyl-1-H-1,2,3-triazole for L2 and X− = Cl−, BF4−, BPh4−. When evaluated for activity against some cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines (namely, HeLa, HEK293, A549 and MT4 cancer cells and the normal healthy kidney cells (BHK21)), most of the compounds displayed poor cytotoxicities against cancer cells except for complexes C2 ([RuCl(p-cym)(k2-N^N-L1)]+ BPh4−, EC50 = 9−16 µM and SI = 14), C7 ([RuCl(p-cym)(k2-N^N-L2)]+ BPh4−, EC50 = 17−53 µM and SI = 4) and C11 ([IrCl(Cp*)(k2-N^N-L2)]+ BF4−, EC50 < 5 µM and SI > 10). Selected complexes C1 ([RuCl(p-cym)(k2-N^N-L1)]+ BF4−), C5 ([IrCl(Cp*)(k2-N^N-L1)]+ BF4−) and C11 showed significant interactions with model biomolecules such as guanosine-5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and amino acids under physiological conditions, possibly through carbenylation and N-coordination with 5′-GMP, N-coordination with L-Histidine and L-proline. While the compounds showed good activities in reducing pyruvate to lactate, there was no direct correlation between catalytic transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate and the observed cytotoxic activities. As observed in this work, the marked influence of single atom replacement in ligand may provide a pivotal approach to improving the cytotoxicity and fine-tuning the selectivity to cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Banothile C. E. Makhubela
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, Auckland Park Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (W.K.C.); (C.K.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shafran YM, Hussein AA, Beliaev NA, Shevyrin VA, Shityakov S, Beryozkina TV, Bakulev VA. Selective Synthesis of Azoloyl NH-1,2,3-Triazoles and Azolyl Diazoketones: Experimental and Computational Insights. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5008-5031. [PMID: 35187318 PMCID: PMC8851643 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report that the reaction of enaminones, from a class of azole series, with sulfonyl azides leads to a difficult-to-separate mixture of two pairs of compounds: (1) 4-azoloyl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles with sulfonamides and (2) azolyl diazoketones with N-sulfonamidines, as a result of the implementation of two competing reactions. On one hand, the electron-donating methyl or methoxy group in the aryl para-position of arylsulfonyl azides favors the production of NH-1,2,3-triazoles together with sulfonamides. On the other hand, the use of highly electrophilic 4-nitrophenylsulfonyl azide promotes the formation of diazoketones and sulfonamidines. It is shown that the direction of each reaction is not only controlled by the nature of the initial enaminones and sulfonyl azides but also depends on the tested solvent. The problem of removing sulfonamides and amidines from the desired products was solved for the first time using new water-soluble enaminones. Based on the experimental and computational studies, the factors contributing to the selective course of alternative reactions were identified, and methods for the synthesis of azoloyl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles and azolyl diazoketones were developed. Density functional theory (DFT) results have shown that the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is totally driven toward one single regioisomer with a high asynchronous bond formation, and the introduction of an electron-deficient group in sulfonyl azides induces faster cycloaddition. Additionally, DFT calculations were used to gain further mechanistic insights on the reaction studied here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M. Shafran
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Aqeel A. Hussein
- Department
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Komar
University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah 46002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nikolai A. Beliaev
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Shevyrin
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory
of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint-Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Tetyana V. Beryozkina
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Vasiliy A. Bakulev
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Platinum and palladium complexes with tetrazole ligands: Synthesis, structure and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Slavova KI, Todorov LT, Belskaya NP, Palafox MA, Kostova IP. Developments in the Application of 1,2,3-Triazoles in Cancer Treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:92-112. [PMID: 32679022 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200717164457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of cancer on modern society cannot be emphasized enough in terms of both economic and human costs. Cancer treatments are known, unfortunately, for their side effects - frequently numerous and severe. Drug resistance is another issue medical professionals have to tackle when dealing with neoplastic illnesses. Cancer rates are rising worldwide due to various factors - low-quality nutrition, air and water pollution, tobacco use, etc. For those and many other reasons, drug discovery in the field of oncology is a top priority in modern medical science. OBJECTIVE To present the reader with the latest in cancer drug discovery with regard to 1,2,3-triazole- containing molecules in a clear, concise way so as to make the present review a useful tool for researchers. METHODS Available information present on the role of 1,2,3-triazoles in cancer treatment was collected. Data was collected from scientific literature, as well as from patents. RESULTS A vast number of triazole-containing molecules with antiproliferative properties have been proposed, synthesized and tested for anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. The substances vary greatly when considering molecular structure, proposed mechanisms of action and affected cancer cell types. CONCLUSION Triazole-containing molecules with anticancer activity are being widely synthesized and extensively tested. They vary significantly in terms of both structure and mechanism of action. The methods for their preparation and administration are well established and with proven reproducibility. These facts suggest that triazoles may play an important role in the discovery of novel antiproliferative medications with improved effectiveness and safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina I Slavova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lozan T Todorov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Mauricio A Palafox
- Departamento de Quimica-Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Irena P Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamasaki S, Kamon Y, Xu L, Hashidzume A. Synthesis of Dense 1,2,3-Triazole Polymers Soluble in Common Organic Solvents. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101627. [PMID: 34067908 PMCID: PMC8156623 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming at synthesis of dense 1,2,3-triazole polymers soluble in common organic solvents, a new 3-azido-1-propyne derivative, i.e., t-butyl 4-azido-5-hexynoate (tBuAH), was synthesized and polymerized by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and Huisgen cycloaddition (HC). CuAAC polymerization produced poly(tBuAH) composed of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole units (1,4-units), whereas HC polymerization gave poly(tBuAH) composed of 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole units (1,4- and 1,5-units). In HC polymerization, the fraction of 1,4-unit (f1,4) decreased with the permittivity of solvent used. Differential scanning calorimetry data indicated that the melting point of poly(tBuAH) increased from 61 to 89 °C with increasing f1,4 from 0.38 to 1.0, indicative of higher crystallinity of poly(tBuAH) composed of 1,4-unit. Preliminary steady-state fluorescence study indicated that all the poly(tBuAH) samples of different f1,4 emitted weak but significant fluorescence in DMF. The maximum of fluorescence band shifted from ca. 350 to ca. 450 nm with varying the excitation wavelength from 300 to 400 nm.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sangeetha S, Ajaykamal T, Murali M. Copper( ii) complexes of 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and tri/diimine co-ligand: DFT calculations, DNA and BSA binding, DNA cleavage, cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four-coordinate copper(ii) complex cleaves supercoiled ϕX174 RF DNA without reductant while five-coordinate complex cleaves with reductant. The cytotoxicity against cancer cells are higher than cisplatin, less-toxic to normal cells and induce apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Sangeetha
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National College (Autonomous)
- Tiruchirappalli 620 001
- India
| | | | - Mariappan Murali
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National College (Autonomous)
- Tiruchirappalli 620 001
- India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phukon U, Priyatharsini M, Sathiyendiran M. Self-assembly of rhenium core-based conjoined bicyclic supramolecule from pyrazole and flexible hexatopic pyrazolyl ligands. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Bharathi S, Mahendiran D, Kumar RS, Choi HJ, Gajendiran M, Kim K, Rahiman AK. Silver(I) metallodrugs of thiosemicarbazones and naproxen: biocompatibility, in vitro anti-proliferative activity and in silico interaction studies with EGFR, VEGFR2 and LOX receptors. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:28-44. [PMID: 32440336 PMCID: PMC7233324 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new heteroleptic silver(I) complexes with the general formula [Ag(L1-4)(nap)] (1-4), where L1-4 = 2-(1-(4-substitutedphenyl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide and nap = naproxen, have been synthesized and characterized. The geometric parameters determined from density functional theory and UV-Vis studies indicate distorted tetrahedral geometry around silver(I) ion. Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectra evidenced asymmetric bidentate coordination mode of carboxyl oxygen atoms of naproxen with silver(I) ion. The complexes are stable for 72 h and biocompatibility was analysed towards normal human dermal fibroblast cells, which showed non-toxic nature up to 100 ng/ml. In vitro anti-proliferative activity of the complexes by MTT assay was tested against three human cancerous cell lines and one non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10a) in which the complex 4 exhibited enhanced activity. The morphological changes observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258 staining method reveal apoptosis-inducing ability of the complexes. The molecular docking studies suggest hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π-pair interactions with the active site of epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and lipoxygenase receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Bharathi
- Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, India
| | - Dharmasivam Mahendiran
- Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, India
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Raju Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengodu 637 205, India
| | - Hyo Jeong Choi
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Mani Gajendiran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marković N, Zarić M, Živković MD, Rajković S, Jovanović I, Arsenijević N, Čanović P, Ninković S. Novel Platinum(II) Complexes Selectively Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Marković
- University of KragujevacFaculty of Medical SciencesDepartment of Surgery Svetozara Markovica 69 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Milan Zarić
- University of KragujevacFaculty of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biochemistry Svetozara Markovica 69 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Marija D. Živković
- University of KragujevacFaculty of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmacy Svetozara Markovica 69 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Snežana Rajković
- University of KragujevacFaculty of ScienceDepartment of Chemistry Radoja Domanovica 12 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanović
- University of KragujevacFaculty of Medical SciencesDepartment of Microbiology and immunologyCenter for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Svetozara Markovica 69 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Nebojša Arsenijević
- University of KragujevacFaculty of Medical SciencesDepartment of Microbiology and immunologyCenter for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Svetozara Markovica 69 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Petar Čanović
- University of KragujevacFaculty of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biochemistry Svetozara Markovica 69 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Srđan Ninković
- University of KragujevacFaculty of Medical SciencesDepartment of Surgery Svetozara Markovica 69 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Soultan AH, Lambrechts D, Verheyen T, Van Gorp H, Roeffaers MB, Smet M, De Borggraeve WM, Patterson J. Nanocarrier systems assembled from PEGylated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole). Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Komeda S, In Y, Tomoo K, Minoura K, Sato T, Reedijk J, Ishida T, Chikuma M. Associative intraligand substitution of anticancer azolato-bridged compounds without a square-pyramidal intermediate: Formation of a unique tetranuclear, µ3-1,2,3-triazolato-N1,N2,N3-bridged Pt(II) compound. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Rono CK, Chu WK, Darkwa J, Meyer D, Makhubela BCE. Triazolyl RuII, RhIII, OsII, and IrIII Complexes as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, Cytotoxicity, and DNA Model Interaction Studies. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles K. Rono
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - William K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - James Darkwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Debra Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Banothile C. E. Makhubela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bharathi S, Mahendiran D, Kumar RS, Kim YG, Gajendiran M, Kim K, Rahiman AK. Biocompatibility, in Vitro Antiproliferative, and in Silico EGFR/VEGFR2 Studies of Heteroleptic Metal(II) Complexes of Thiosemicarbazones and Naproxen. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1554-1571. [PMID: 31241919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eight heteroleptic nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of the type [M(L1-4)(nap)2] (1-8), where L1-4 = 2-(1-(4-substitutedphenyl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide, nap = naproxen, and M = Ni(II) or Cu(II), have been synthesized and characterized. UV-vis and EPR spectral studies showed distorted octahedral geometry around metal(II) ions. The cyclic voltammogram of complexes 1-8 displayed an irreversible one-electron transfer process in the cathodic region (Epc = -0.66 to -1.43 V), and nickel(II) complexes 1-4 displayed an irreversible one-electron oxidation process in the anodic region (Epa = 0.75 to 1.10 V). The obtained magnetic moment values (1.82-1.93 μB) for copper(II) complexes 5-8 indicate distortion from octahedral geometry, which is further supported by EPR studies. The geometry of the complexes is retained in both solid and solution phases as evidenced from UV-vis and EPR studies. All the complexes showed stability for almost 72 h in biologically relevant solutions. The reducing ability of the copper(II) complexes in the presence of ascorbic acid was analyzed by UV-vis and cyclic voltammetry techniques, which indicates the reduction of the copper(II) to a copper(I) center, and possible interaction within the cells. An in vitro antiproliferative study revealed the nontoxic nature of complexes to normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) up to a concentration of 100 ng/mL. The antiproliferative activity of the complexes was tested against three cancerous (human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), hepatoma (HepG2), and lung (A549)) cell lines using MTT reduction assay, which showed enhanced activity for complexes 4 and 8 containing the hydrophobic substituent. Apoptotic and cellular uptake studies showed that complex 8 is readily taken up by HepG2 cell lines and induces ROS-mediated mitochondrial and caspase-dependent apoptosis. In silico studies indicated hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, and π-pair (π-π, π-σ, and π-cation) interactions between the complexes and EGFR/VEGFR2 kinase receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Bharathi
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous) , University of Madras , Chennai 600 014 , India
| | - Dharmasivam Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous) , University of Madras , Chennai 600 014 , India.,Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute , University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Raju Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy , Elayampalayam, Tiruchengodu 637 205 , India
| | - Young Guk Kim
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering , Incheon National University , Incheon , Republic of Korea 22012
| | - Mani Gajendiran
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering , Incheon National University , Incheon , Republic of Korea 22012
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering , Incheon National University , Incheon , Republic of Korea 22012
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous) , University of Madras , Chennai 600 014 , India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wen Z, Tuttle PR, Howlader AH, Vasilyeva A, Gonzalez L, Tangar A, Lei R, Laverde EE, Liu Y, Miksovska J, Wnuk SF. Fluorescent 5-Pyrimidine and 8-Purine Nucleosides Modified with an N-Unsubstituted 1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl Moiety. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3624-3631. [PMID: 30806513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Cu(I)- or Ag(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition between 8-ethynyladenine or guanine nucleosides and TMSN3 gave 8-(1- H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) nucleosides in good yields. On the other hand, reactions of 5-ethynyluracil or cytosine nucleosides with TMSN3 led to the chemoselective formation of triazoles via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition or vinyl azides via Ag(I)-catalyzed hydroazidation. These nucleosides with a minimalistic triazolyl modification showed excellent fluorescent properties with 8-(1- H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (8-TrzdA), exhibiting a quantum yield of 44%. The 8-TrzdA 5'-triphosphate was incorporated into duplex DNA containing a one-nucleotide gap by DNA polymerase β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Paloma R Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - A Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Anna Vasilyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Laura Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Antonija Tangar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Ruipeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Eduardo E Laverde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Jaroslava Miksovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Konovalov B, Živković MD, Milovanović JZ, Djordjević DB, Arsenijević AN, Vasić IR, Janjić GV, Franich A, Manojlović D, Skrivanj S, Milovanović MZ, Djuran MI, Rajković S. Synthesis, cytotoxic activity and DNA interaction studies of new dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes with an aromatic 1,5-naphthyridine bridging ligand: DNA binding mode of polynuclear platinum(ii) complexes in relation to the complex structure. Dalton Trans 2019; 47:15091-15102. [PMID: 30303498 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, cytotoxic activity and DNA binding evaluation of seven new dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes Pt1-Pt7, with the general formula [{Pt(L)Cl}2(μ-1,5-nphe)](ClO4)2 (1,5-nphe is 1,5-naphthyridine; while L is two ammines (Pt1) or one bidentate coordinated diamine: ethylenediamine (Pt2), (±)-1,2-propylenediamine (Pt3), trans-(±)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (Pt4), 1,3-propylenediamine (Pt5), 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine (Pt6), and 1,3-pentanediamine (Pt7)), were reported. In vitro cytotoxic activity of these complexes was evaluated against three tumor cell lines, murine colon carcinoma (CT26), murine mammary carcinoma (4T1) and murine lung cancer (LLC1) and two normal cell lines, murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and human fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. The results of the MTT assay indicate that all investigated complexes have almost no cytotoxic effects on 4T1 and very low cytotoxicity toward LLC1 cell lines. In contrast to the effects on LLC1 and 4T1 cells, complexes Pt1 and Pt2 had significant cytotoxic activity toward CT26 cells. Complex Pt1 had a much lower IC50 value for activity on CT26 cells compared with cisplatin. In comparison with cisplatin, all dinuclear Pt1-Pt7 complexes showed lower cytotoxicity toward normal MSC and MRC-5 cells. In order to measure the amount of platinum(ii) complexes taken up by the cells, we quantified the cellular platinum content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS). Molecular docking studies performed to evaluate the potential binding mode of dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes Pt1-Pt7 and their aqua derivatives W1-W7, respectively, at the double stranded DNA showed that groove spanning and backbone tracking are the most stable binding modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bata Konovalov
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Malik-Gajewska M, Trynda J, Zierkiewicz W, Helios K, Latajka R, Wietrzyk J, Michalska D. Picoplatin-based complexes with the bioactive orotate and 5-fluoroorotate ligands: Synthesis, DFT calculations, structure, spectroscopic characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
21
|
Equilibrium and DFT studies of the bi- and mononuclear complexes of 4,4′-bipiperidine with Pd(2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine) 2+ and other biorelevant ligands. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Brabec V, Hrabina O, Kasparkova J. Cytotoxic platinum coordination compounds. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
23
|
Iizuka N, Nakai M, Nakabayashi Y. Mixed-ligand ruthenium(II) complexes capable of hydrogen-bonding interactions with DNA: DNA binding, nuclease activity, cytotoxicity, and topoisomerase inhibition. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
24
|
DNA and protein binding, double-strand DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity of mixed ligand copper(II) complexes of the antibacterial drug nalidixic acid. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 174:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
25
|
Uemura M, Komeda S. Kinetic analysis of and platinum(II) migration in the reactions of tetrazolato-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) complexes with nucleotides. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:359-367. [PMID: 28893417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The series of tetrazolato-bridged complexes with the formula [{cis‑Pt(NH3)2}2(μ-OH)(μ-5-H-tetrazolato-N1,N2)]2+ (5-H-X) or [{cis‑Pt(NH3)2}2(μ-OH)(μ-5-R-tetrazolato-N2,N3)]n+ (R=H (5-H-Y), CH3 (1), CH2COOCH2CH3 (2), CH2COO- (3), n=2 (5-H-Y, 1, 2) or 1 (3)) are promising candidate complexes for formulation as next-generation platinum-based anticancer drugs that form multimodal bindings with DNA molecules. These multimodal bindings involve both non-covalent and covalent interactions, the latter of which are acknowledged to be essential for platinum-based drugs to exert their anticancer activity. In the present study, the tetrazolato-bridged complexes reacted with two molar equivalents of guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) to yield the 1:2 reaction products [{cis‑Pt(NH3)2(GMP-N7)}2(μ-5-R-tetrazolato-N1,N3)]2- or 1-. This reaction was accompanied by an intramolecular Pt(II) migration that contributed to the formation of diverse DNA crosslinking, such as interhelical crosslinks. The second-order reaction rate constants for the reactions performed in phosphate-buffered D2O solution showed that the reactivity of the complexes decreased in the order 5-H-X≳5-H-Y>2≳1>3 and that reactivity was correlated with the cytotoxicity of the complexes. A similar result was obtained for the reaction of the complexes with calf thymus DNA in which the formation of covalent DNA adducts was quantified by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These results suggest that overall charge affects the kinetics of the reactions of platinum complexes with GMP and calf thymus DNA. Thus, the positive charge of the complexes affects not only the non-covalent but also the covalent interactions between the complexes and nucleotides and DNA, which are negatively charged molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Uemura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan
| | - Seiji Komeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Komeda S, Yoneyama H, Uemura M, Muramatsu A, Okamoto N, Konishi H, Takahashi H, Takagi A, Fukuda W, Imanaka T, Kanbe T, Harusawa S, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshikawa K. Specific Conformational Change in Giant DNA Caused by Anticancer Tetrazolato-Bridged Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes: Middle-Length Alkyl Substituents Exhibit Minimum Effect. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:802-811. [PMID: 28045514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of the highly antitumor-active compound [{cis-Pt(NH3)2}2(μ-OH)(μ-tetrazolato-N2,N3)]2+ (5-H-Y), which is a tetrazolato-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) complex, were prepared by substituting a linear alkyl chain moiety at C5 of the tetrazolate ring. The general formula for the derivatives is [{cis-Pt(NH3)2}2(μ-OH)(μ-5-R-tetrazolato-N2,N3)]2+, where R is (CH2)nCH3 and n = 0 to 8 (complexes 1-9). The cytotoxicity of complexes 1-4 in NCI-H460 human non-small-cell lung cancer cells decreased with increasing alkyl chain length, and those of complexes 5-9 increased with increasing alkyl chain length. That is, the in vitro cytotoxicity of complexes 1-9 was found to have a U-shaped association with alkyl chain length. This U-shaped association is attributable to the degree of intracellular accumulation. Although circular dichroism spectroscopic measurement indicated that complexes 1-9 induced comparable conformational changes in the secondary structure of DNA, the tetrazolato-bridged complexes induced different degrees of DNA compaction as revealed by a single DNA measurement with fluorescence microsopy, which also had a U-shaped association with alkyl chain length that matched the association observed for cytotoxicity. Complexes 7-9, which had alkyl chains long enough to confer surfactant-like properties to the complex, induced DNA compaction 20 or 1000 times more efficiently than 5-H-Y or spermidine. A single DNA measurement with transmission electron microscopy revealed that complex 8 formed large spherical self-assembled structures that induced DNA compaction with extremely high efficiency. This result suggests that these structures may play a role in the DNA compaction that was induced by the complexes with the longer alkyl chains. The derivatization with a linear alkyl chain produced a series of complexes with unique cellular accumulation and DNA conformational change profiles and a potentially useful means of developing next-generation platinum-based anticancer drugs. In addition, the markedly high ability of these complexes to induce DNA compaction and their high intracellular accumulation emphasized the difference in mechanism of action from platinum-based anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Komeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoneyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Masako Uemura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Akira Muramatsu
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Naoto Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Yakult Central Institute , Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Department, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd. , Chuo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Takagi
- Yakult Central Institute , Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Wakao Fukuda
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Imanaka
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanbe
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, School of Medicine, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-0064, Japan
| | - Shinya Harusawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yano T, Hishida S, Nakai M, Nakabayashi Y. Anticancer activity of heterodinuclear ruthenium(II)–platinum(II) complexes as photochemotherapeutic agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
28
|
Haribabu J, Jeyalakshmi K, Arun Y, Bhuvanesh NSP, Perumal PT, Karvembu R. Synthesis of Ni(II) complexes bearing indole-based thiosemicarbazone ligands for interaction with biomolecules and some biological applications. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 22:461-480. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
29
|
Matsui T, Sugiyama H, Nakai M, Nakabayashi Y. DNA Interaction and Cytotoxicity of Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Potential Anticancer Drugs. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:282-6. [PMID: 26936054 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the anticancer activity of the cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(bpy)2(C^N)]Cl, we have studied the interaction of these complexes using calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and cytotoxicity assays with two tumor (L1210 and HeLa) and a non-tumor (BALB/3T3 clone A31) cell lines. It is suggested that the complexes act as intercalators and/or DNA minor groove binders. Moreover, the complexes display favorable cytotoxicity activities with L1210 and HeLa, which in all cases were significantly more favorable than cisplatin. In contrast, the complexes exhibit appreciably lower cytotoxicity toward BALB/3T3 clone A31.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Intracellular uptake of an antitumor-active azole-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) complex in cisplatin-resistant tumor cells. Biometals 2016; 29:1075-1083. [PMID: 27787693 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A cationic azolato-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) complex, [{cis-Pt(NH3)2}2(μ-OH)(μ-methyl-pyrazolate)]2+ (4M-PzPt), was developed to overcome resistance to cisplatin (CDDP). This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of 4M-PzPt against a CDDP-resistant cell line, H4-II-E/CDDP, and compare the intracellular accumulation of CDDP and 4M-PzPt. H4-II-E and H4-II-E/CDDP displayed similar sensitivity to 4M-PzPt; however, the sensitivity of H4-II-E/CDDP to CDDP was approximately 19-fold lower than that of H4-II-E. The difference in the sensitivity to both platinum complexes corresponded with the difference in the amount of intracellular platinum accumulation after exposure to CDDP or 4M-PzPt in both cell lines. In H4-II-E, HepG2, and HuH-7 cells, the intracellular uptake of CDDP and 4M-PzPt occurred via active transport and passive transport. Results of co-exposure with the transport inhibitors ouabain, tetraethylammonium, and cimetidine indicated that the intracellular uptake of CDDP was dependent on Na+/K+-ATPase and that of 4M-PzPt was dependent on organic cation transporters (OCTs), probably OCT1. This study suggested that 4M-PzPt could inhibit the growth of a CDDP-resistant tumor via an intracellular uptake mechanism different from that of CDDP.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yin-Bandur L, Sanz Miguel PJ, Rodríguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M, Berghaus M, Lippert B. Multiple Condensation Reactions Involving PtII/PdII−OH2, Pt−NH3, and Cytosine−NH2Groups: New Twists in Cisplatin−Nucleobase Chemistry. Chemistry 2016; 22:13653-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin-Bandur
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie (CCB); Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Pablo J. Sanz Miguel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Sintesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | | | - Mariona Sodupe
- Department da Química; Universitat Autónoma Barcelona; Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Melanie Berghaus
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie (CCB); Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Bernhard Lippert
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie (CCB); Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
β-Cyclodextrin-catalyzed three-component synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-(NH)-triazoles from propynals, trimethylsilyl azide and malononitrile in water. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
33
|
Fanelli M, Formica M, Fusi V, Giorgi L, Micheloni M, Paoli P. New trends in platinum and palladium complexes as antineoplastic agents. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
34
|
Rubino S, Pibiri I, Costantino C, Buscemi S, Girasolo MA, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L. Synthesis of platinum complexes with 2-(5-perfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3yl)-pyridine and 2-(3-perfluoroalkyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine ligands and their in vitro antitumor activity. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 155:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
35
|
Jeyalakshmi K, Haribabu J, Bhuvanesh NSP, Karvembu R. Half-sandwich RuCl2(η6-p-cymene) core complexes containing sulfur donor aroylthiourea ligands: DNA and protein binding, DNA cleavage and cytotoxic studies. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12518-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ru(ii)(η6-p-cymene) complexes containing sulfur donor monodentate aroylthiourea ligands have been synthesized for exploring their biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Tiruchirappalli 620015
- India
| | | | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Tiruchirappalli 620015
- India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jovanović S, Obrenčević K, Bugarčić ŽD, Popović I, Žakula J, Petrović B. New bimetallic palladium(ii) and platinum(ii) complexes: studies of the nucleophilic substitution reactions, interactions with CT-DNA, bovine serum albumin and cytotoxic activity. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12444-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution reactions, interactions with CT-DNA, bovine serum albumin and cytotoxic activity of new bimetallic Pt(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iva Popović
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinča”
- University of Belgrade
- 11001 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Jelena Žakula
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinča”
- University of Belgrade
- 11001 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Biljana Petrović
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rafi UM, Mahendiran D, Haleel AK, Nankar RP, Doble M, Rahiman AK. New pyridazine-based binuclear nickel(ii), copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes as prospective anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexes containing diethylamino substituents exhibit promising cytotoxicity against the estrogen receptor (ER) negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ummer Muhammed Rafi
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
| | - Dharmasivam Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
| | - Azees Khan Haleel
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
| | - Rakesh Pandeet Nankar
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600 036
- India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600 036
- India
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hu L, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Wang T, He G, Gao M, Zhao J. Reaction between Azidyl Radicals and Alkynes: A Straightforward Approach to NH
-1,2,3-Triazoles. Chemistry 2015; 22:911-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Hu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Province; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangxi Normal University; 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 P. R. China
| | | | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Province; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangxi Normal University; 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 P. R. China
| | - Guifeng He
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Province; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangxi Normal University; 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 P. R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Province; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangxi Normal University; 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Province; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangxi Normal University; 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jovanović S, Petrović B, Petković M, Bugarčić ŽD. Kinetics and mechanism of substitution reactions of the new bimetallic [{PdCl(bipy)}{μ-(NH2(CH2)6H2N)}{PtCl(bipy)}]Cl(ClO4) complex with important bio-molecules. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
40
|
Shaira A, Jaganyi D. A kinetic and mechanistic study of dinuclear Pt(II) 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine compounds bridged with polyethyleneglycol ether flexible linkers. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1064114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Shaira
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - D. Jaganyi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Khalaf Alla PA, Shoukry MM, van Eldik R. Amine-bridged binuclear complexes involving [Pd(ethylenediamine)(H2O)2]2+, 4,4′-bipiperidine and DNA constituents. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1035263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed M. Shoukry
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Islamic University, Madina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Uemura M, Hoshiyama M, Furukawa A, Sato T, Higuchi Y, Komeda S. Highly efficient uptake into cisplatin-resistant cells and the isomerization upon coordinative DNA binding of anticancer tetrazolato-bridged dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes. Metallomics 2015; 7:1488-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Loganathan R, Ramakrishnan S, Ganeshpandian M, Bhuvanesh NSP, Palaniandavar M, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA. Mixed ligand copper(ii) dicarboxylate complexes: the role of co-ligand hydrophobicity in DNA binding, double-strand DNA cleavage, protein binding and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10210-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed ligand 5,6-dmp and 3,4,7,8-tmp complexes display more prominent cytotoxicity and higher apoptotic inducing ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sethu Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | - Mani Ganeshpandian
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | | | - Mallayan Palaniandavar
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
- Distinguished Visiting Professor
| | | | - Mohamad Abdulkadhar Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi–Doerenkamp Center for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science Education
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli
- India
- Visiting Professor
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Substitution reactions of dinuclear platinum(II) complexes with some nitrogen nucleophiles. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-014-9899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
45
|
Vyas KM, Jadeja R, Patel D, Devkar R, Gupta VK. Effect of ligand substitution in pyrazolone based binary and ternary Cu(II) complexes on DNA binding, protein binding and anti-cancer activity on A549 lung carcinoma cell lines. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
46
|
Vargiu AV, Magistrato A. Atomistic-Level Portrayal of Drug-DNA Interplay: A History of Courtships and Meetings Revealed by Molecular Simulations. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1966-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
47
|
Efimov I, Bakulev V, Beliaev N, Beryozkina T, Knippschild U, Leban J, Zhi-Jin F, Eltsov O, Slepukhin P, Ezhikova M, Dehaen W. Reactions of β-Azolylenamines with Sulfonyl Azides as an Approach toN-Unsubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles and Ethene-1,2-diamines. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
48
|
Bumagin NA, Petkevich SK, Kletskov AV, Livantsov MV, Golantsov NE, Potkin VI. Isoxazol-3-yl(Isothiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-Triazoles, Tetrazoles, and -1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: Synthesis, Palladium Complexes, and Catalytic Applications. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
49
|
Loganathan R, Ramakrishnan S, Suresh E, Palaniandavar M, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA. Mixed ligand μ-phenoxo-bridged dinuclear copper(ii) complexes with diimine co-ligands: efficient chemical nuclease and protease activities and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6177-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
50
|
Schulze B, Schubert US. Beyond click chemistry – supramolecular interactions of 1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2522-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|