1
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Sahni A, Ritchey JL, Qian Z, Pei D. Cell-Penetrating Peptides Translocate across the Plasma Membrane by Inducing Vesicle Budding and Collapse. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25371-25382. [PMID: 39221867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) enter the cell by two different mechanisms-endocytosis followed by endosomal escape and direct translocation at the plasma membrane. The mechanism of direct translocation remains unresolved. In this work, the direct translocation of nonaarginine (R9) and two cyclic CPPs (CPP12 and CPP17) into Jurkat cells was monitored by time-lapse confocal microscopy. Our results provide direct evidence that all three CPPs translocate across the plasma membrane by a recently discovered vesicle budding-and-collapse (VBC) mechanism. Membrane translocation is preceded by the formation of nucleation zones. Up to four different types of nucleation zones and three variations of the VBC mechanism were observed. The VBC mechanism reconciles the enigmatic and conflicting observations in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashweta Sahni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy L Ritchey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ziqing Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Ruseska I, Zimmer A. Cellular uptake and trafficking of peptide-based drug delivery systems for miRNA. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:189-204. [PMID: 37666365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, macromolecular compounds such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are becoming more and more widespread as leading therapeutics. However, their application is limited mostly due to their poor stability, limited cellular uptake, and poor target specificity. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of positively charged peptides, represent a breakthrough as delivery systems for macromolecules. In the present study, we used two types of nanoparticles which differ in the type of CPP used for their manufacturing. The first type is composed of protamine, an arginine rich CPP, which is highly positively charged. The arginine residues are able to form electrostatic interactions with miRNAs, stabilize them, and deliver them to cells. The second type is composed of the N-Ter peptide (also known as MPG), an amphipathic peptide rich in lysine. The positively charged parts of the N-Ter peptide electrostatically stabilize miRNAs, whereas its amphipathic character allows it to successfully traverse cell membranes. We used miRNA-27a, a negative regulator of adipogenesis, to form nanoparticles with the peptides and traced their uptake in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Motivated by the lengthy discourse regarding the uptake mechanism of CPPs, the focus of our study was to analyse and understand the internalization of proticles (protamine nanoparticles) and N-Ter complexes. The nanoparticles were characterized regarding size, size distribution, and zeta potential, and their cytotoxicity was tested in 3T3-L1 cells. The uptake studies were performed by varying the experimental conditions such as time, concentration, and temperature, as well as by applying different inhibitors of endocytosis. Furthermore, we assessed the biological effect of miRNA-27a on the pro-adipogenic machinery. The obtained data have shown that protamine and the N-Ter peptide form positively charged nanoparticles through non-covalent complexation. The uptake of proticles and N-Ter complexes was found to be dependent on time, concentration, and temperature, and different uptake pathways were discovered to be involved in the internalization of the different nanoparticles. Furthermore, both types of nanoparticles induced the anti-adipogenic effect of miRNA-27a, demonstrating that this approach can be used as a novel miRNA replacement therapy in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ruseska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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3
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Mitra S, Coopershlyak M, Li Y, Chandersekhar B, Koenig R, Chen MT, Evans B, Heinrich F, Deslouches B, Tristram-Nagle S. Novel Helical Trp- and Arg-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides Locate Near Membrane Surfaces and Rigidify Lipid Model Membranes. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023; 3:2300013. [PMID: 37476397 PMCID: PMC10358585 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are losing effectiveness as bacteria become resistant to conventional drugs. To find new alternatives, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are rationally designed with different lengths, charges, hydrophobicities (H ), and hydrophobic moments (μH ), containing only three types of amino acids: arginine, tryptophan, and valine. Six AMPs with low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and <25% toxicity to mammalian cells are selected for biophysical studies. Their secondary structures are determined using circular dichroism (CD), which finds that the % α -helicity of AMPs depends on composition of the lipid model membranes (LMMs): gram-negative (G ( - ) ) inner membrane (IM) >gram-positive (G ( + ) ) > Euk33 (eukaryotic with 33 mol% cholesterol). The two most effective peptides, E2-35 (16 amino acid [AA] residues) and E2-05 (22 AAs), are predominantly helical in G ( - ) IM and G ( + ) LMMs. AMP/membrane interactions such as membrane elasticity, chain order parameter, and location of the peptides in the membrane are investigated by low-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS). It is found that headgroup location correlates with efficacy and toxicity. The membrane bending modulus K C displays nonmonotonic changes due to increasing concentrations of E2-35 and E2-05 in G ( - ) and G ( + ) LMMs, suggesting a bacterial killing mechanism where domain formation causes ion and water leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Mitra
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mark Coopershlyak
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yunshu Li
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bhairavi Chandersekhar
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rachel Koenig
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mei-Tung Chen
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brandt Evans
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Frank Heinrich
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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4
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Ablan FDO, Spaller BL, Abdo KI, Almeida PF. Charge Distribution Fine-Tunes the Translocation of α-Helical Amphipathic Peptides across Membranes. Biophys J 2017; 111:1738-1749. [PMID: 27760360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of cationic antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) form amphipathic α-helices when bound to lipid membranes. Here, we test two hypotheses for the differences in the ability of these peptides to translocate across membranes. The first, which we now call the hydrophobicity hypothesis, is that peptide translocation is determined by the Gibbs energy of insertion into the bilayer from the membrane interface. The second, which we call the charge-distribution hypothesis, is that translocation is determined by whether the distribution of cationic residues in the peptide can transiently stabilize a high-energy inserted intermediate by forming salt bridges to the phosphates of lipid headgroups. To test these hypotheses, we measured translocation of two series of peptide variants. The first series was based on TP10W, a peptide derived from the amphipathic CPP transportan 10; the second was based on DL1a, a synthetic peptide derived from staphylococcal δ-lysin. The peptides in those two series had small sequence changes relative to TP10W and DL1a: either single-residue substitutions or two-residue switches, which were designed to increase or decrease translocation differently according to the two hypotheses. We found that with regard to the changes introduced in the sequences, five out of six peptide variants translocated in agreement with the charge-distribution hypothesis, whereas none showed agreement with the hydrophobicity hypothesis. We conclude that large effects on translocation are probably determined by hydrophobicity, but the fine tuning appears to arise from the distribution of cationic residues along the peptide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D O Ablan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - B Logan Spaller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Kaitlyn I Abdo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Paulo F Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina.
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5
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Nakai K, Ishihara K, Yusa SI. Preparation of Giant Polyion Complex Vesicles (G-PICsomes) with Polyphosphobetaine Shells Composed of Oppositely Charged Diblock Copolymers. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nakai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280
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6
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Ribeiro RC, Pal D, Jamieson D, Rankin KS, Benning M, Dalgarno KW, Ferreira AM. Temporary Single-Cell Coating for Bioprocessing with a Cationic Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12967-12974. [PMID: 28323412 PMCID: PMC5402297 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporary single-cell coating is a useful tool for cell processing, allowing manipulation of cells to prevent cell attachment and agglomeration, before re-establishing normal cell function. In this work, a speckled coating method using a known polycation [poly(l-lysine), PLL] is described to induce cell surface electrostatic charges on three different cell types, namely, two bone cancer cell lines and fibroblasts. The morphology of the PLL speckled coating on the cell surface, internalization and metabolization of the polymer, and prevention of cellular aggregations are reported. Polymer concentration was found to be the key parameter controlling both capsule morphology and cell health. This approach allows a temporary cell coating over the course of 1-2 h, with cells exhibiting phenotypically normal behavior after ingesting and metabolizing the polymer. The process offers a fast and efficient alternative to aid single-cell manipulation for bioprocessing applications. Preliminary work on the application of PLL speckled cell coating in enabling reliable bioprinting is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo
D. C. Ribeiro
- School
of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research
Centre, Northern
Institute for Cancer Research, and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Deepali Pal
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research
Centre, Northern
Institute for Cancer Research, and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - David Jamieson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research
Centre, Northern
Institute for Cancer Research, and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Kenneth S. Rankin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research
Centre, Northern
Institute for Cancer Research, and Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Matthew Benning
- School
of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Kenneth W. Dalgarno
- School
of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Ana M. Ferreira
- School
of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
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7
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Troiano JM, McGeachy AC, Olenick LL, Fang D, Liang D, Hong J, Kuech TR, Caudill ER, Pedersen JA, Cui Q, Geiger FM. Quantifying the Electrostatics of Polycation–Lipid Bilayer Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5808-5816. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne M. Troiano
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,
| | - Alicia C. McGeachy
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,
| | - Laura L. Olenick
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,
| | - Dong Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States, and
| | - Dongyue Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States, and
| | - Jiewei Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States, and
| | - Thomas R. Kuech
- Environmental
Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering
Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Emily R. Caudill
- Environmental
Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering
Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joel A. Pedersen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States, and
- Environmental
Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering
Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States, and
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,
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8
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Maniti O, Piao HR, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Basic cell penetrating peptides induce plasma membrane positive curvature, lipid domain separation and protein redistribution. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Wheaten SA, Ablan FDO, Spaller BL, Trieu JM, Almeida PF. Translocation of cationic amphipathic peptides across the membranes of pure phospholipid giant vesicles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16517-25. [PMID: 24152283 DOI: 10.1021/ja407451c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of amphipathic polypeptides with substantial net positive charges to translocate across lipid membranes is a fundamental problem in physical biochemistry. These peptides should not passively cross the bilayer nonpolar region, but they do. Here we present a method to measure peptide translocation and test it on three representative membrane-active peptides. In samples of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) prepared by electroformation, some GUVs enclose inner vesicles. When these GUVs are added to a peptide solution containing a membrane-impermeant fluorescent dye (carboxyfluorescein), the peptide permeabilizes the outer membrane, and dye enters the outer GUV, which then exhibits green fluorescence. The inner vesicles remain dark if the peptide does not cross the outer membrane. However, if the peptide translocates, it permeabilizes the inner vesicles as well, which then show fluorescence. We also measure translocation, simultaneously on the same GUV, by the appearance of fluorescently labeled peptides on the inner vesicle membranes. All three peptides examined are able to translocate, but to different extents. Peptides with smaller Gibbs energies of insertion into the membrane translocate more easily. Further, translocation and influx occur broadly over the same period, but with very different kinetics. Translocation across the outer membrane follows approximately an exponential rise, with a characteristic time of 10 min. Influx occurs more abruptly. In the outer vesicle, influx happens before most of the translocation. However, some peptides cross the membrane before any influx is observed. In the inner vesicles, influx occurs abruptly sometime during peptide translocation across the membrane of the outer vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterling A Wheaten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
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10
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Maniti O, Blanchard E, Trugnan G, Lamazière A, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Metabolic energy-independent mechanism of internalization for the cell penetrating peptide penetratin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:869-75. [PMID: 22387312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular uptake of vector peptides used for internalization of hydrophilic molecules into cells is known to follow two different pathways: direct translocation of the plasma membrane and internalization by endocytosis followed by release into the cytosol. These pathways differ in their energy dependence. The first does not need metabolic energy while the second requires metabolic energy. Herein we used erythrocytes and plasma membrane vesicles to study membrane perturbations induced by the cell penetrating peptide penetratin. The results show that cell penetrating peptides are able to be internalized by two metabolic energy-independent pathways: direct crossing of the plasma membrane and endocytosis-like mechanisms. The last mechanism involves the induction of membrane negative curvature resulting in invaginations that mimic the endosomal uptake in the absence of ATP. This new mechanism called "physical endocytosis" or "self-induced endocytosis" might explain different data concerning the independence or dependence on metabolic energy during cellular uptake and reveals the autonomous capacity of peptides to induce their internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Maniti
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Groupe N. J. Conté, Paris, France
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11
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Lamazière A, Chassaing G, Trugnan G, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Tubular structures in heterogeneous membranes induced by the cell penetrating peptide penetratin. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 2:223-4. [PMID: 19641736 DOI: 10.4161/cib.2.3.8073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of active molecules into cells requires the efficient translocation of the plasma membrane barrier. Penetratin is a promising cell penetrating peptide is which crosses the cell membrane by a receptor and metabolic energy-independent mechanism. In previous work, we have shown that basic peptides induce membrane invaginations (i.e., tubes formation by induction of negative curvature of membranes) suggesting a new mechanism for cellular uptake of cell penetrating peptides: "physical endocytosis". These effects on membrane curvature are favored in pure liquid disordered but not in pure liquid ordered (raft-like) membrane domains. Herein, we present experiments in heterogeneous membranes composed of mixed domains. The results show that Penetratin is able to induce invaginations in membranes in which liquid ordered and liquid disordered membranes coexist. We suggest that Penetratin is able to recruit specific lipids locally forming fluid membrane patches dispersed inside a liquid ordered membrane zone resulting in the invagination of tubes composed of heterogeneous membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Lamazière
- Laboratoire de BioMolécules; UMR7203 CNRS; Groupe N.J. Conté; Paris, France
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12
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Agrati C, Marianecci C, Sennato S, Carafa M, Bordoni V, Cimini E, Tempestilli M, Pucillo LP, Turchi F, Martini F, Borioni G, Bordi F. Multicompartment vectors as novel drug delivery systems: selective activation of Tγδ lymphocytes after zoledronic acid delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:153-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Guo L, Smith-Dupont KB, Gai F. Diffusion as a probe of peptide-induced membrane domain formation. Biochemistry 2011; 50:2291-7. [PMID: 21332237 DOI: 10.1021/bi102068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that association with an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) can drastically alter the diffusion behavior of the constituent lipids in model membranes (Biochemistry 49, 4672-4678). In particular, we found that the diffusion time of a tracer fluorescent lipid through a confocal volume measured via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is distributed over a wide range of time scales, indicating the formation of stable and/or transient membrane species that have different mobilities. A simple estimate, however, suggested that the slow diffusing species are too large to be attributed to AMP oligomers or pores that are tightly bound to a small number of lipids. Thus, we tentatively ascribed them to membrane domains and/or clusters that possess distinctively different diffusion properties. In order to further substantiate our previous conjecture, herein we study the diffusion behavior of the membrane-bound peptide molecules using the same AMPs and model membranes. Our results show, in contrast to our previous findings, that the diffusion times of the membrane-bound peptides exhibit a much narrower distribution that is more similar to that of the lipids in peptide-free membranes. Thus, taken together, these results indicate that while AMP molecules prompt domain formation in membranes, they are not tightly associated with the lipid domains thus formed. Instead, they are likely located at the boundary regions separating various domains and acting as mobile fences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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14
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Kamena F, Monnanda B, Makou D, Capone S, Patora-Komisarska K, Seebach D. On the Mechanism of Eukaryotic Cell Penetration by α- and β-Oligoarginines - Targeting Infected Erythrocytes. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Rivas BL, Maureira A, Guzmán C, Contreras D, Kaim W, Geckeler KE. Poly(l-lysine) as a polychelatogen to remove toxic metals using ultrafiltration and bactericide properties of poly(l-lysine)–Cu2+ complexes. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Lamazière A, Maniti O, Wolf C, Lambert O, Chassaing G, Trugnan G, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Lipid domain separation, bilayer thickening and pearling induced by the cell penetrating peptide penetratin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:2223-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Wilson JT, Krishnamurthy VR, Cui W, Qu Z, Chaikof EL. Noncovalent cell surface engineering with cationic graft copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:18228-9. [PMID: 19961173 DOI: 10.1021/ja908887v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical approaches to cell surface engineering have emerged as powerful tools for resurfacing the molecular landscape of cells and tissues. Here we report a new strategy for re-engineering cell surfaces through electrostatic adsorption of appropriately structured and functionalized poly(l-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) copolymers to cellular interfaces. Grafting of methoxy terminated tetra(ethylene glycol) chains to PLL abrogated polycation cytotoxicity in a charge density and PEG dependent manner, and copolymers structured with a unique balance of grafted PEG chains and free lysine monomers adsorbed to cell surfaces without compromising viability. Structurally analogous PLL-g-PEG copolymers bearing terminally functionalized PEG grafts were used as 'cell surface active' polymeric carriers for biotin, hydrazide, and azide moieties, which selectively captured streptavidin-, aldehyde-, and cyclooctyne-labeled probes, respectively, on cell surfaces. This strategy opens new opportunities in cell surface engineering, including generation of unique cell surface motifs, rapid and combinatorial surface modification, and use of biologically complex solvents. Tailored PLL-g-PEG copolymers offer a promising and enabling tool for bio/chemically remodeling cells and tissues with broad potential in biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 5105 WMRB, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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18
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Davydov DA, Yaroslavova EG, Rakhnyanskaya AA, Efimova AA, Ermakov YA, Menger FM, Yaroslavov AA. Polymer migration among phospholipid liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13528-13533. [PMID: 19928945 DOI: 10.1021/la902031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Complexation of phospholipid lipsomes with a cationic polymer, poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (PEVP), and subsequent interliposomal migration of the adsorbed macromolecules, have been investigated. Liposomes of two different charge types were examined: (a) a liposomal system, with an overall charge near zero, consisting of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (egg lecithin, EL) with added doubly anionic phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL(2-)), and cationic dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (HMAB(+)), in a CL(2-)/HMAB(+) charge-to-charge ratio of 1:1; (b) an anionic liposomal system composed of an EL/CL(2-) mixture plus polyoxyethylene monocetyl ether (Brij 58). Both three-component systems were designed specifically to preclude liposomal aggregation upon electrostatic association with the PEVP, a phenomenon that had complicated analysis of data from several two-component liposomes. PEVP macromolecules were found from fluorescence experiments to migrate among the charge-neutral EL/CL(2-)/HMAB(+) liposomes. In the case of anionic EL/CL(2-)/Brij liposomes, a combination of fluorescence and laser microelectrophoresis methods showed that PEVP macromolecules travel from liposome to liposome while being electrostatically associated with anionic lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Davydov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Almeida PF, Pokorny A. Mechanisms of antimicrobial, cytolytic, and cell-penetrating peptides: from kinetics to thermodynamics. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8083-93. [PMID: 19655791 DOI: 10.1021/bi900914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of six different antimicrobial, cytolytic, and cell-penetrating peptides, including some of their variants, are discussed and compared. The specificity of these polypeptides varies; however, they all form amphipathic alpha-helices when bound to membranes, and there are no striking differences in their sequences. We have examined the thermodynamics and kinetics of their interaction with phospholipid vesicles, namely, binding and peptide-induced dye efflux. The thermodynamics of binding calculated using the Wimley-White interfacial hydrophobicity scale are in good agreement with the values derived from experiment. The generally accepted view that binding affinity determines functional specificity is also supported by experiments in model membranes. We now propose the hypothesis that it is the thermodynamics of the insertion of the peptide into the membrane, from a surface-bound state, that determine the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA.
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Lipid reorganization induced by membrane-active peptides probed using differential scanning calorimetry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1772-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bordi F, Sennato S, Truzzolillo D. Polyelectrolyte-induced aggregation of liposomes: a new cluster phase with interesting applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:203102. [PMID: 21825508 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/20/203102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Different charged colloidal particles have been shown to be able to self-assemble, when mixed in an aqueous solvent with oppositely charged linear polyelectrolytes, forming long-lived finite-size mesoscopic aggregates. On increasing the polyelectrolyte content, with the progressive reduction of the net charge of the primary polyelectrolyte-decorated particles, larger and larger clusters are observed. Close to the isoelectric point, where the charge of the adsorbed polyelectrolytes neutralizes the original charge of the particles' surface, the aggregates reach their maximum size, while beyond this point any further increase of the polyelectrolyte-particle charge ratio causes the formation of aggregates whose size is progressively reduced. This re-entrant condensation behavior is accompanied by a significant overcharging. Overcharging, or charge inversion, occurs when more polyelectrolyte chains adsorb on a particle than are needed to neutralize its original charge so that, eventually, the sign of the net charge of the polymer-decorated particle is inverted. The stability of the finite-size long-lived clusters that this aggregation process yields results from a fine balance between long-range repulsive and short-range attractive interactions, both of electrostatic nature. For the latter, besides the ubiquitous dispersion forces, whose supply becomes relevant only at high ionic strength, the main contribution appears due to the non-uniform correlated distribution of the charge on the surface of the polyelectrolyte-decorated particles ('charge-patch' attraction). The interesting phenomenology shown by these system has a high potential for biotechnological applications, particularly when the primary colloidal particles are bio-compatible lipid vesicles. Possible applications of these systems as multi-compartment vectors for the simultaneous intra-cellular delivery of different pharmacologically active substances will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. CRS CNR-INFM 'SOFT', Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185-Rome, Italy
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Horger KS, Estes DJ, Capone R, Mayer M. Films of agarose enable rapid formation of giant liposomes in solutions of physiologic ionic strength. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1810-9. [PMID: 19154115 PMCID: PMC2757642 DOI: 10.1021/ja805625u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a method to form giant liposomes in solutions of physiologic ionic strength, such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 150 mM KCl. Formation of these cell-sized liposomes proceeded from hybrid films of partially dried agarose and lipids. Hydrating the films of agarose and lipids in aqueous salt solutions resulted in swelling and partial dissolution of the hybrid films and in concomitant rapid formation of giant liposomes in high yield. This method did not require the presence of an electric field or specialized lipids; it generated giant liposomes from pure phosphatidylcholine lipids or from lipid mixtures that contained cholesterol or negatively charged lipids. Hybrid films of agarose and lipids even enabled the formation of giant liposomes in PBS from lipid compositions that are typically problematic for liposome formation, such as pure phosphatidylserine, pure phosphatidylglycerol, and asolectin. This paper discusses biophysical aspects of the formation of giant liposomes from hybrid films of agarose and lipids in comparison to established methods and shows that gentle hydration of hybrid films of agarose and lipids is a simple, rapid, and reproducible procedure to generate giant liposomes of various lipid compositions in solutions of physiologic ionic strength without the need for specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S. Horger
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Daniel J. Estes
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ricardo Capone
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Michael Mayer
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Finogenova OA, Filinsky DV, Ermakov YA. Electrostatic effects upon adsorption and desorption of polylysines on the surface of lipid membranes of different composition. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747808020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lamazière A, Wolf C, Lambert O, Chassaing G, Trugnan G, Ayala-Sanmartin J. The homeodomain derived peptide Penetratin induces curvature of fluid membrane domains. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1938. [PMID: 18398464 PMCID: PMC2276244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein membrane transduction domains that are able to cross the plasma membrane are present in several transcription factors, such as the homeodomain proteins and the viral proteins such as Tat of HIV-1. Their discovery resulted in both new concepts on the cell communication during development, and the conception of cell penetrating peptide vectors for internalisation of active molecules into cells. A promising cell penetrating peptide is Penetratin, which crosses the cell membranes by a receptor and metabolic energy-independent mechanism. Recent works have claimed that Penetratin and similar peptides are internalized by endocytosis, but other endocytosis-independent mechanisms have been proposed. Endosomes or plasma membranes crossing mechanisms are not well understood. Previously, we have shown that basic peptides induce membrane invaginations suggesting a new mechanism for uptake, “physical endocytosis”. Methodology/Principal Findings Herein, we investigate the role of membrane lipid phases on Penetratin induced membrane deformations (liquid ordered such as in “raft” microdomains versus disordered fluid “non-raft” domains) in membrane models. Experimental data show that zwitterionic lipid headgroups take part in the interaction with Penetratin suggesting that the external leaflet lipids of cells plasma membrane are competent for peptide interaction in the absence of net negative charges. NMR and X-ray diffraction data show that the membrane perturbations (tubulation and vesiculation) are associated with an increase in membrane negative curvature. These effects on curvature were observed in the liquid disordered but not in the liquid ordered (raft-like) membrane domains. Conclusions/Significance The better understanding of the internalisation mechanisms of protein transduction domains will help both the understanding of the mechanisms of cell communication and the development of potential therapeutic molecular vectors. Here we showed that the membrane targets for these molecules are preferentially the fluid membrane domains and that the mechanism involves the induction of membrane negative curvature. Consequences on cellular uptake are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Lamazière
- INSERM, UMR538, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Claude Wolf
- INSERM, UMR538, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambert
- UMR 5248 CBMN, CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, ENITAB, IECB, Pessac, France
| | | | - Germain Trugnan
- INSERM, UMR538, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jesus Ayala-Sanmartin
- INSERM, UMR538, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Lamazière A, Burlina F, Wolf C, Chassaing G, Trugnan G, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Non-metabolic membrane tubulation and permeability induced by bioactive peptides. PLoS One 2007; 2:e201. [PMID: 17299584 PMCID: PMC1790702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basic cell-penetrating peptides are potential vectors for therapeutic molecules and display antimicrobial activity. The peptide-membrane contact is the first step of the sequential processes leading to peptide internalization and cell activity. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in peptide-membrane interaction are not well understood and are frequently controversial. Herein, we compared the membrane activities of six basic peptides with different size, charge density and amphipaticity: Two cell-penetrating peptides (penetratin and R9), three amphipathic peptides and the neuromodulator substance P. Methodology/Principal Findings Experiments of X ray diffraction, video-microscopy of giant vesicles, fluorescence spectroscopy, turbidimetry and calcein leakage from large vesicles are reported. Permeability and toxicity experiments were performed on cultured cells. The peptides showed differences in bilayer thickness perturbations, vesicles aggregation and local bending properties which form lipidic tubular structures. These structures invade the vesicle lumen in the absence of exogenous energy. Conclusions/Significance We showed that the degree of membrane permeabilization with amphipathic peptides is dependent on both peptide size and hydrophobic nature of the residues. We propose a model for peptide-induced membrane perturbations that explains the differences in peptide membrane activities and suggests the existence of a facilitated “physical endocytosis,” which represents a new pathway for peptide cellular internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Lamazière
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 538, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claude Wolf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 538, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Germain Trugnan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 538, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jesus Ayala-Sanmartin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 538, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Nehéz L, Tingstedt B, Vödrös D, Axelsson J, Lindman B, Andersson R. Novel treatment in peritoneal adhesion prevention: protection by polypeptides. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:1110-7. [PMID: 16938726 DOI: 10.1080/00365520600554550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a novel antiadhesive polypeptide complex containing a combination of poly-L-glutamate and poly-L-lysine in order to study its effectiveness and mechanisms in the prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The length of peritoneal adhesions was measured and expressed in percentage of the wound length in a standardized peritoneal injury model and evaluated 7 days and 4 weeks after adhesion induction. The test compound was administered intraperitoneally following surgery. Peritoneal swabs, including the wound area, were stained in order to determine the peritoneal location and clearance of the polypeptides. Electron microscopy was performed to analyze the wound surface and the ultra-structural changes of the phagocytes in cell culture. Moreover, flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect on macrophage phagocytic function. RESULTS The poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate combination significantly decreased peritoneal adhesions both at 7 days' (p < 0.001) and 4 weeks' (p < or = 0.001) follow-up. From the first day, the compound was found in the wound, after which this was gradually rebuilt, and covered with mesothelial cells. The macrophages phagocytosed the test compound particles, resulting in significant cell growth, and large phagocytic vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS The intraperitoneal administration of poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate resulted in a significant decrease in experimental postoperative peritoneal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Nehéz
- Department of Surgery, Center of Chemistry and Clinical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
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Tingstedt B, Nehéz L, Axelsson J, Lindman B, Andersson R. Increasing anastomosis safety and preventing abdominal adhesion formation by the use of polypeptides in the rat. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21:566-72. [PMID: 16267667 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postoperative adhesions can potentially be reduced using different anti-adhesive agents, though these drugs tend to compromise healing of an intestinal anastomosis. No method that significantly increases anastomosis safety is known at present. The aim of the study was to develop a concept of preventing postoperative adhesions using differently charged bioactive polypeptides, also considering healing and safety of an intestinal anastomosis. METHODS An ileocolic anastomosis was performed under both "clean" and "septic" conditions in the rat. The treatment group received intraperitoneal poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate, while controls received sodium chloride. Abdominal adhesions, anastomosis leakage and burst pressure were analysed after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days in the clean anastomosis model and after 7 days in the septic model. RESULTS A significant decrease (p<0.01) in the amount of adhesions was seen in animals treated with polypeptides after 1, 3 and 5 days, while no difference was seen after 7 days. The anastomosis demonstrated a significantly higher burst pressure as evaluated at days 1 and 3 (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) in the polypeptide-treated animals, while no difference was seen between the groups at day 5 or 7. CONCLUSION The use of differently charged polypeptides administered intraperitoneally after surgery resulted in a significant decrease in the extent of postoperative adhesions. Furthermore, an increase in intestinal anastomosis safety, based on improved burst pressure during the first 3 days, i.e. the critical period during the healing process, was noted. No adverse effects were seen in surgery during septic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Tingstedt
- Department of Surgery, Centre of Chemistry and Clinical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Schwieger C, Blume A. Interaction of poly(l-lysines) with negatively charged membranes: an FT-IR and DSC study. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2006; 36:437-50. [PMID: 16912868 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-006-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the binding of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) to negatively charged membranes containing phosphatidylglycerols (PG) was studied by DSC and FT-IR spectroscopy. We found a general increase in the main transition temperature as well as increase in hydrophobic order of the membrane upon PLL binding. Furthermore we observed stronger binding of hydration water to the lipid head groups after PLL binding. The secondary structure of the PLL after binding was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. We found that PLL binds in an alpha-helical conformation to negatively charged DPPG membranes or membranes with DPPG-rich domains. Moreover we proved that PLL binding induces domain formation in the gel state of mixed DPPC/DPPG or DMPC/DPPG membranes as well as lipid remixing in the liquid-crystalline state. We studied these effects as a function of PLL chain length and found a significant dependence of the secondary structure, phase transition temperature and domain formation capacity on PLL chain length and also a correlation between the peptide secondary structure and the phase transition temperature of the membrane. We present a system in which the membrane phase transition triggers a highly cooperative secondary structure transition of the membrane-bound peptide from alpha-helix to random coil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwieger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Hossain MM, Suzuki T, Kato T. Effect of an amino acid on the surface phase behavior of n-hexadecyl phosphate in Gibbs adsorption layers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Spurlin TA, Gewirth AA. Poly-L-lysine-induced morphology changes in mixed anionic/zwitterionic and neat zwitterionic-supported phospholipid bilayers. Biophys J 2006; 91:2919-27. [PMID: 16877517 PMCID: PMC1578480 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.082479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-L-lysine-induced morphological changes in liquid phase supported bilayers consisting of mixed anionic/zwitterionic and neat zwitterionic headgroup phospholipids were studied with atomic force microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy. Results obtained from these studies indicate that poly-L-lysine can induce domains, defects, and aggregate structures on both mixed bilayers and strictly zwitterionic bilayers. The structures formed on liquid phase supported bilayers were observed to be immobile from a timescale of 50 ms to several minutes. We propose that poly-L-lysine of sufficient length interacts with the mica substrate and phospholipids to create the stationary structures noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tighe A Spurlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Tsogas I, Tsiourvas D, Nounesis G, Paleos CM. Interaction of poly-L-arginine with dihexadecyl phosphate/phosphatidylcholine liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:5997-6001. [PMID: 15952852 DOI: 10.1021/la050475+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, mixed liposomes of dihexadecyl phosphate sodium salt:phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol at a 1:19:9.5 molar ratio were allowed to interact with poly-L-arginine at temperatures below and above the main phase transition of the liposomal membrane. The interaction led to the formation of aggregates, which gradually increased in size and eventually precipitated. It was, however, possible, during the initial stage of the experiments, when the ratio of guanidinium group relative to phosphate was smaller than ca. 40%, to determine their size and charge and observe their morphology in aqueous dispersion. Fluorescence experiments established that the liposomes are not ruptured during their interaction with poly-L-arginine. Instead, they are attached at the polypeptide chain through the guanidinium-phosphate complementary pair. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that the poly-L-arginine chain is accessible for interaction with iodides dissolved in the aqueous phase when the temperature of the liposomal dispersion is below the main lipid phase transition. It is, however, partitioned in the interior of the membrane at temperatures exceeding this main lipid phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsogas
- Institutes of Physical Chemistry and Radioisotopes & Radiodiagnostic Products, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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Tsogas I, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM, Giatrellis S, Nounesis G. Interaction of l-arginine with dihexadecylphosphate unilamellar liposomes: the effect of the lipid phase organization. Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 134:59-68. [PMID: 15752464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of L-arginine with unilamellar liposomes of dihexadecylphosphate sodium salt (DHP-Na) has been investigated using calorimetric, light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy and zeta-potential techniques. Heating from room temperature, the bilayer exhibits a phase transition from a subgel (L(c)) to the gel (L(beta')) phase as well as a pre-transition (L(beta')-P(beta')), which is followed by the main lipid phase transition (P(beta')-L(alpha)). Direct studies of the interaction of L-arginine with the DHP-Na bilayers via isothermal titration calorimetry at 27 degrees C depict significant differences between samples in the L(c) and the L(beta') phases reflecting the effect of molecular organization of the lipids upon the interaction. While L-arginine has only a small impact upon the L(c) to L(beta') phase transition, it affects more significantly the transition temperature as well as the shape of the DSC peaks of the main lipid phase transition. Based on fluorescence and zeta-potential studies, the permeability of L-arginine through the liposomal membrane is higher within the temperature range of the main lipid phase transition. Encapsulated l-arginine obstructs the formation of the subgel phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsogas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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Melik-Nubarov N, Krylova O. The Control of Membrane Properties by Synthetic Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1554-4516(05)02005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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