1
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Wang C, Yang S, Huang Z, Zhao Y. A Palladium-Catalyzed 4CzIPN-Mediated Decarboxylative Acylation Reaction of O-Methyl Ketoximes with α-Keto Acids under Visible Light. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061980. [PMID: 35335341 PMCID: PMC8955727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a palladium-catalyzed oxime ether-directed ortho-selective benzoylation using benzoylformic acid as the acyl source with a palladium catalyst and 4CzIPN as the co-catalyst under light. Various non-symmetric benzophenone derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields. A preliminary mechanism study revealed that the reaction proceeds through a free radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (C.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (C.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (C.W.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (C.W.); (S.Y.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Y.Z.)
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2
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Zuo S, Liu J, Zuo A.
N
‐Hydroxy
‐1,6‐methano[10]annulene‐3,4‐dicarboximide/Co(
OAc
)
2
: A novel catalytic system for the aerobic oxidation of alkylarenes. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Ang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA
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3
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Wang P, Zhang J, Wang T, Liang Y, Zhang Z. Synthesis of (2-hydroxyphenyl)(fusedphenyl)methanones via the photo-induced rearrangement of 2′-arylisoflavones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:851-858. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The photo-induced rearrangement of 2′-arylisoflavones (aryl = phenyl, 1-naphenyl, and 2-naphenyl) for the synthesis of (2-hydroxyphenyl)(fusedphenyl)methanones in EtOH under Ar at room temperature has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
| | - Yong Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
| | - Zunting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
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4
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Recent Advances in Homogeneous Metal-Catalyzed Aerobic C–H Oxidation of Benzylic Compounds. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Csp3–H oxidation of benzylic methylene compounds is an established strategy for the synthesis of aromatic ketones, esters, and amides. The need for more sustainable oxidizers has encouraged researchers to explore the use of molecular oxygen. In particular, homogeneous metal-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzylic methylenes has attracted much attention. This account summarizes the development of this oxidative strategy in the last two decades, examining key factors such as reaction yields, substrate:catalyst ratio, substrate scope, selectivity over other oxidation byproducts, and reaction conditions including solvents and temperature. Finally, several mechanistic proposals to explain the observed results will be discussed.
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5
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Leshem G, Richman M, Lisniansky E, Antman-Passig M, Habashi M, Gräslund A, Wärmländer SKTS, Rahimipour S. Photoactive chlorin e6 is a multifunctional modulator of amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity via specific interactions with its histidine residues. Chem Sci 2018; 10:208-217. [PMID: 30713632 PMCID: PMC6333166 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01992d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactive chlorin e6 selectively damage the histidine residues of amyloid-β and reduce its aggregation and toxicity even in the presence of Cu ions.
The self-assembly of Aβ to β-sheet-rich neurotoxic oligomers is a main pathological event leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective targeting of Aβ oligomers without affecting other functional proteins is therefore an attractive approach to prevent the disease and its progression. In this study, we report that photodynamic treatment of Aβ in the presence of catalytic amounts of chlorin e6 can selectively damage Aβ and inhibit its aggregation and toxicity. Chlorin e6 also reversed the amyloid aggregation process in the dark by binding its soluble and low molecular weight oligomers, as shown by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and photoinduced cross-linking of unmodified protein (PICUP) methods. Using HSQC NMR spectroscopy, ThT assays, amino acid analysis, SDS/PAGE, and EPR spectroscopy, we show that catalytic amounts of photoexcited chlorin e6 selectively damage the Aβ histidine residues H6, H13, and H14, and induce Aβ cross-linking by generating singlet oxygen. In contrast, photoexcited chlorin e6 was unable to cross-link ubiquitin and α-synuclein, demonstrating its high selectivity for Aβ. By binding to the Aβ histidine residues, catalytic amounts of chlorin e6 can also inhibit the Cu2+-induced aggregation and toxicity in darkness, while at stoichiometric amounts it acts as a chelator to reduce the amount of free Cu2+. This study demonstrates the great potential of chlorin e6 as a multifunctional agent for treatment of AD, and shows that the three N-terminal Aβ histidine residues are a suitable target for Aβ-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Leshem
- Department of Chemistry , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002 , Israel .
| | - Michal Richman
- Department of Chemistry , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002 , Israel .
| | - Elvira Lisniansky
- Department of Chemistry , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002 , Israel .
| | - Merav Antman-Passig
- Department of Chemistry , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002 , Israel .
| | - Maram Habashi
- Department of Chemistry , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002 , Israel .
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Arrhenius Laboratories , Stockholm University , S-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden .
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Arrhenius Laboratories , Stockholm University , S-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden .
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Department of Chemistry , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002 , Israel .
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6
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Panja S, Maity P, Ranu BC. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Free Decarboxylative Coupling of α- Oxocarboxylic Acid with Aryl Diazonium Tetrafluoroborate: An Access to Unsymmetrical Diaryl Ketones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12609-12618. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subir Panja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata − 700032, India
| | - Pintu Maity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata − 700032, India
| | - Brindaban C. Ranu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata − 700032, India
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7
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Polyakov N, Leshina T, Fedenok L, Slepneva I, Kirilyuk I, Furso J, Olchawa M, Sarna T, Elas M, Bilkis I, Weiner L. Redox-Active Quinone Chelators: Properties, Mechanisms of Action, Cell Delivery, and Cell Toxicity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1394-1403. [PMID: 29161882 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Chemotherapy is currently the principal method for treating many malignancies. Thus, the development of improved antitumor drugs with enhanced efficacy and selectivity remains a high priority. Recent Advances: Anthracycline antibiotics (AAs), for example, doxorubicin, daunomycin, and mitomycin C, belong to an important family of antitumor agents widely used in chemotherapy. These compounds are all quinones. They are, thus, capable of being reduced by appropriate chemicals or reductases. One of their important properties is that under aerobic conditions their reduced forms undergo oxidation, with concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), namely, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The presence of metal ions is essential for the generation of ROS by AAs in biological systems. CRITICAL ISSUES A fundamental shortcoming of the AAs is their high cardiotoxicity. We have proposed, and experimentally realized, a new type of quinones that is capable of coordinating metal ions. We have demonstrated in vitro that they can be reduced by electron transfer chains and glutathione with concomitant generation of ROS. They can also produce ROS under photo-excitation. The mechanisms of these reactions have been characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS To enhance their therapeutic effectiveness, and decrease cardiotoxicity and other side effects, we intend to conjugate the quinone chelators with monoclonal antibodies and peptide hormones that are specifically targeted to receptors on the cancer cell surface. Some such candidates have already been synthesized. An alternative approach for delivery of our compounds involves the use of specific peptide-based nanoparticles. In addition, our novel approach for treating malignancies is also suitable for photodynamic therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1394-1403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Polyakov
- 1 Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana Leshina
- 1 Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lidiya Fedenok
- 1 Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Slepneva
- 1 Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor Kirilyuk
- 2 Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Justyna Furso
- 3 Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olchawa
- 3 Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- 3 Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Martyna Elas
- 3 Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Itzhak Bilkis
- 4 Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lev Weiner
- 5 Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
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8
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One-pot synthesis of 6H-2,2a1,3-triazaaceanthrylen-6-ones and 6H-2,2a1,4-triazaaceanthrylen-6-ones via tandem cyclization strategies. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Chang S, Wang JF, Dong LL, Wang D, Feng B, Shi YT. Ag(i)/persulfate-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of α-oxocarboxylates with organotrifluoroborates in water under room temperature. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The decarboxylative coupling of α-oxocarboxylates and organotrifluoroborates was carried out smoothly in water under room temperature. This novel and simple method is efficient, using AgNO3/K2S2O8 catalytic system to generate diarylketone products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
| | - Jian Feng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changcun
- China
| | - Lin Lin Dong
- College of Pharmacy
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin
- China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin
- China
| | - Bo Feng
- College of Pharmacy
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin
- China
| | - Yuan Tai Shi
- College of Pharmacy
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin
- China
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10
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Mu B, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Chang J, Wu Y. Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization via C–H Arylation and Acylation for the Construction of Polycyclic Scaffolds. Org Lett 2016; 18:5260-5263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Mu
- The
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
- The
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, P. R. China
- Medical
School, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Jingya Li
- Tetranov Biopharm,
LLC, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- The
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- The
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
- Tetranov Biopharm,
LLC, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- The
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- The
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
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11
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Xiao F, Chen S, Huang H, Deng GJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Directortho-C-H Acylation of Arenes with Aldehydes under Aqueous Conditions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Cai ZJ, Yang C, Wang SY, Ji SJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective C–H Acylation of Biaryl-2-amines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7928-36. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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13
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Nowrouzi N, Zarei M, Roozbin F. First direct access to 2-hydroxybenzophenones via nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes with aryl iodides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18890c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes with aryl iodides proceeds in ethylene glycol to give the corresponding 2-hydroxybenzophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Nowrouzi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Persian Gulf University
- Bushehr
- Iran
| | - M. Zarei
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Persian Gulf University
- Bushehr
- Iran
| | - F. Roozbin
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Persian Gulf University
- Bushehr
- Iran
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14
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Urgoitia G, Maiztegi A, SanMartin R, Herrero MT, Domínguez E. Aerobic oxidation at benzylic positions catalyzed by a simple Pd(OAc)2/bis-triazole system. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An extremely active palladium catalyst system for the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols and benzylic C–H oxidation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garazi Urgoitia
- Department of Organic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Ainhoa Maiztegi
- Department of Organic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Raul SanMartin
- Department of Organic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - María Teresa Herrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Esther Domínguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
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15
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Nardi G, Manet I, Monti S, Miranda MA, Lhiaubet-Vallet V. Scope and limitations of the TEMPO/EPR method for singlet oxygen detection: the misleading role of electron transfer. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:64-70. [PMID: 25236741 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For many biological and biomedical studies, it is essential to detect the production of (1)O2 and quantify its production yield. Among the available methods, detection of the characteristic 1270-nm phosphorescence of singlet oxygen by time-resolved near-infrared (TRNIR) emission constitutes the most direct and unambiguous approach. An alternative indirect method is electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in combination with a singlet oxygen probe. This is based on the detection of the TEMPO free radical formed after oxidation of TEMP (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) by singlet oxygen. Although the TEMPO/EPR method has been widely employed, it can produce misleading data. This is demonstrated by the present study, in which the quantum yields of singlet oxygen formation obtained by TRNIR emission and by the TEMPO/EPR method are compared for a set of well-known photosensitizers. The results reveal that the TEMPO/EPR method leads to significant overestimation of singlet oxygen yield when the singlet or triplet excited state of the photosensitizer is efficiently quenched by TEMP, acting as electron donor. In such case, generation of the TEMP(+) radical cation, followed by deprotonation and reaction with molecular oxygen, gives rise to an EPR-detectable TEMPO signal that is not associated with singlet oxygen production. This knowledge is essential for an appropriate and error-free application of the TEMPO/EPR method in chemical, biological, and medical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Nardi
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Cheng K, Zhao B, Qi C. Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of arylglyoxylic acids with arylboronic acids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04361h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Ji Y, Yang X, Mao W. Ligand-free Pd/Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of aryl iodides with α-oxocarboxylates. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Ji
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Hebei North University; Zhangjiakou 075000 China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Hebei North University; Zhangjiakou 075000 China
| | - Weixi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Hebei North University; Zhangjiakou 075000 China
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18
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Xu B, Liu W, Kuang C. Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Acylation of Arenes Using Thioethers as Directing Groups. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201400096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Akhbar AR, Chudasama V, Fitzmaurice RJ, Powell L, Caddick S. Acyl hydrazides as acyl donors for the synthesis of diaryl and aryl alkyl ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:743-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Zeng X, Xu D, Miao C, Xia C, Sun W. Tetraethylammonium iodide catalyzed synthesis of diaryl ketones via the merger of cleavage of C–C double bonds and recombination of aromatic groups. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08764j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for synthesizing diaryl ketones via merging oxidative cleavage of C–C double bonds and recombination of aromatic groups is developed with Et4NI (2.5 mol%) as the catalyst and NaIO4 as the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou, China
- College of Biological
| | - Daqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengxia Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou, China
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21
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Sharma S, Park J, Park E, Kim A, Kim M, Kwak JH, Jung YH, Kim IS. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Acylation ofN-Benzyltriflamides with AldehydesviaCH Bond Activation. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fu PP, Xia Q, Zhao Y, Wang S, Yu H, Chiang HM. Phototoxicity of herbal plants and herbal products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:213-255. [PMID: 24024520 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.824206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants are used by humans in daily life in many different ways, including as food, herbal medicines, and cosmetics. Unfortunately, many natural plants and their chemical constituents are photocytotoxic and photogenotoxic, and these phototoxic phytochemicals are widely present in many different plant families. To date, information concerning the phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity of many plants and their chemical constituents is limited. In this review, we discuss phototoxic plants and their major phototoxic constituents; routes of human exposure; phototoxicity of these plants and their constituents; general mechanisms of phototoxicity of plants and phototoxic components; and several representative phototoxic plants and their photoactive chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fu
- a National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
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Kim SU, Liu Y, Nash KM, Zweier JL, Rockenbauer A, Villamena FA. Fast reactivity of a cyclic nitrone-calix[4]pyrrole conjugate with superoxide radical anion: theoretical and experimental studies. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17157-73. [PMID: 21070040 PMCID: PMC3121924 DOI: 10.1021/ja105198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrone spin traps have been employed as probes for the identification of transient radical species in chemical and biological systems using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and have exhibited pharmacological activity against oxidative-stress-mediated diseases. Since superoxide radical anion (O2(•-)) is a major precursor to most reactive oxygen species and calix[4]pyrroles have been shown to exhibit high affinity to anions, a cyclic nitrone conjugate of calix[4]pyrrole (CalixMPO) was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Computational studies at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level suggest a pendant-type linkage between the calix[4]pyrrole and the nitrone to be the most efficient design for spin trapping of O2(•-), giving exoergic reaction enthalpies (ΔH(298K,aq)) and free energies (ΔG(298K,aq)) of -16.9 and -2.1 kcal/mol, respectively. (1)H NMR study revealed solvent-dependent conformational changes in CalixMPO leading to changes in the electronic properties of the nitronyl group upon H-bonding with the pyrrole groups as also confirmed by calculations. CalixMPO spin trapping of O2(•-) exhibited robust EPR spectra. Kinetic analysis of O2(•-) adduct formation and decay in polar aprotic solvents using UV-vis stopped-flow and EPR methods gave a larger trapping rate constant for CalixMPO and a longer half-life for its O2(•-) adduct compared to the commonly used nitrones. The unusually high reactivity of CalixMPO with O2(•-) was rationalized to be due to the synergy between the α-effect and electrostatic effect by the calix[4]pyrrole moiety on O2(•-) and the nitrone, respectively. This work demonstrates for the first time the application of an anion receptor for the detection of one of the most important radical intermediates in biological and chemical systems (i.e., O2(•-)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-U Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yangping Liu
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kevin M. Nash
- Department of Pharmacology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59, Hungary
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Pharmacology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Theodossiou TA, Tsiourvas D, Hothersall JS. Hypericin hydroquinone: potential as a red-far red photosensitizer? Photochem Photobiol 2009; 86:18-22. [PMID: 20003155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin hydroquinone is the product of two-electron reduction of hypericin (quinone), a potent phenanthroperylenequinone photosensitizer. In contrast to the quinone, the hydroquinone exhibits strong absorbance in the far-red spectral region. Herein we provide initial evidence on the potential of hypericin hydroquinone as a far-red photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A Theodossiou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, Attiki, Greece.
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Theodossiou TA, Hothersall JS, De Witte PA, Pantos A, Agostinis P. The Multifaceted Photocytotoxic Profile of Hypericin. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1775-89. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900166q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A. Theodossiou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - John S. Hothersall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter A. De Witte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandros Pantos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Theodossiou TA, Papakyriakou A, Hothersall JS. Molecular modeling and experimental evidence for hypericin as a substrate for mitochondrial complex III; mitochondrial photodamage as demonstrated using specific inhibitors. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:1581-90. [PMID: 18852042 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hypericin photoactivation on mitochondria of human prostate carcinoma cells was studied using a range of mitochondrial inhibitors. Oligomycin significantly enhanced hypericin phototoxicity while atractyloside and antymicin A conferred a significant protection. Use of myxothiazol did not affect cell survival following hypericin photoactivation. These results signify a protective role for F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase running in reverse mode, and a significant photodamage at the quinone-reducing site of mitochondrial complex III. In light of these results, we performed molecular modeling of hypericin binding to complex III. This revealed three binding sites, two of which coincided with the quinol-oxidizing and quinone-reducing centers. Using submitochondrial particles we examined hypericin as a possible substrate of complex III and compared this to its natural substrate, ubiquinone-10. Our results demonstrate uniquely that hypericin is an efficient substrate for complex III, and this activity is inhibited by myxothiazol and antimycin A. We further demonstrated that hypericin photosensitization completely inactivated complex III with ubiquinone as substrate. The ability to enhance HYP potency by inhibition of F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase or depress HYP efficacy by inhibition at the Qi site of complex III provides a potential to increase the therapeutic index of HYP and amplify its PDT action in tumor cells.
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Lev-Goldman V, Mester B, Ben-Aroya N, Hanoch T, Rupp B, Stanoeva T, Gescheidt G, Seger R, Koch Y, Weiner L, Fridkin M. Conjugates of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) with carminic acid: Synthesis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6789-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Han Y, Tuccio B, Lauricella R, Rockenbauer A, Zweier JL, Villamena FA. Synthesis and Spin-Trapping Properties of a New Spirolactonyl Nitrone. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2533-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702434u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Beatrice Tuccio
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Robert Lauricella
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
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Villamena FA, Xia S, Merle JK, Lauricella R, Tuccio B, Hadad CM, Zweier JL. Reactivity of superoxide radical anion with cyclic nitrones: role of intramolecular H-bond and electrostatic effects. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8177-91. [PMID: 17564447 PMCID: PMC2527741 DOI: 10.1021/ja0702622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Limitations exist among the commonly used cyclic nitrone spin traps for biological free radical detection using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The design of new spin traps for biological free radical detection and identification using EPR spectroscopy has been a major challenge due to the lack of systematic and rational approaches to their design. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and stopped-flow kinetics were employed to predict the reactivity of functionalized spin traps with superoxide radical anion (O2*-). Functional groups provide versatility and can potentially improve spin-trap reactivity, adduct stability, and target specificity. The effect of functional group substitution at the C-5 position of pyrroline N-oxides on spin-trap reactivity toward O2*- was computationally rationalized at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) and PCM/mPW1K/6-31+G(d,p) levels of theory. Calculated free energies and rate constants for the reactivity of O2*- with model nitrones were found to correlate with the experimentally obtained rate constants using stopped-flow and EPR spectroscopic methods. New insights into the nucleophilic nature of O2*- addition to nitrones as well as the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding of O2*- in facilitating this reaction are discussed. This study shows that using an N-monoalkylsubstituted amide or an ester as attached groups on the nitrone can be ideal in molecular tethering for improved spin-trapping properties and could pave the way for improved in vivo radical detection at the site of superoxide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A. Villamena
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA 43210
| | - Shijing Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 43210
| | - John K. Merle
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 43210
| | - Robert Lauricella
- Laboratory TRACES, JE 2421, Aix-Marseille Universite, Faculte St Jerome, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Beatrice Tuccio
- Laboratory TRACES, JE 2421, Aix-Marseille Universite, Faculte St Jerome, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | | | - Jay L. Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA 43210
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Rahimipour S, Litichever-Coslovsky N, Alaluf M, Freeman D, Ehrenberg B, Weiner L, Mazur Y, Fridkin M, Koch Y. Novel Methyl Helianthrones as Photosensitizers: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Barluenga J, Trincado M, Rubio E, González JM. Direct Intramolecular Arylation of Aldehydes Promoted by Reaction with IPy2BF4/HBF4: Synthesis of Benzocyclic Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200504448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Barluenga J, Trincado M, Rubio E, González JM. Direct Intramolecular Arylation of Aldehydes Promoted by Reaction with IPy2BF4/HBF4: Synthesis of Benzocyclic Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:3140-3. [PMID: 16572496 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Barluenga
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica Enrique Moles, Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C. Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006-Oviedo, Spain.
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Crnolatac I, Huygens A, van Aerschot A, Busson R, Rozenski J, de Witte PAM. Synthesis, in vitro cellular uptake and photo-induced antiproliferative effects of lipophilic hypericin acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6347-53. [PMID: 16213734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin, a naturally occurring hydroxylated phenanthroperylene dione, is used as a powerful photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy as well as a diagnostic tool for the fluorescence detection of flat neoplastic lesions in the bladder of patients. Both applications are based on the tumouritropic characteristics of the compound. To get more insight into some of the physicochemical properties of hypericin affecting its tumouritropic characteristics, we set out to synthesize a series of more lipophilic hypericins. For this purpose, a synthetic pathway to hypericin acid amides with hydrocarbon chains of different lengths stably attached by an amide bond at position C10 was explored. Hypericin acid proved inert in amide forming reactions, whereas the precursor protohypericin acid showed higher reactivity and resulted in the desired amide derivatives, which afterwards can be easily converted into their phenanthroperylene dione form. Hexyl-, octyl-, decyl- and dodecylamides of hypericin acid were successfully synthesized in this way. In vitro cellular uptake and photo-induced antiproliferative effects of the compounds were evaluated, using the human moderately differentiated non-invasive papillary transitional carcinoma RT-112 cell line. Whereas the more lipophilic amides were taken up limitedly, the hexylamide accumulated approx. as well as hypericin itself. From the antiproliferative data it can further be concluded that not only the cellular uptake, but also the light-induced activity, is affected by the introduced structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Crnolatac
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Biologie en Fytofarmacologie, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Rahimipour S, Litichever-Coslovsky N, Alaluf M, Freeman D, Ehrenberg B, Weiner L, Mazur Y, Fridkin M, Koch Y. Novel Methyl Helianthrones as Photosensitizers: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation¶. Photochem Photobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1562/2004-07-14-ra-234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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