1
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Purić E, Nilsson UJ, Anderluh M. Galectin-8 inhibition and functions in immune response and tumor biology. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2236-2265. [PMID: 38613488 DOI: 10.1002/med.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Galectins are among organisms' most abundantly expressed lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) that specifically bind β-galactosides. They act not only outside the cell, where they bind to extracellular matrix glycans, but also inside the cell, where they have a significant impact on signaling pathways. Galectin-8 is a galectin family protein encoded by the LGALS8 gene. Its role is evident in both T- and B-cell immunity and in the innate immune response, where it acts directly on dendritic cells and induces some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Galectin-8 also plays an important role in the defense against bacterial and viral infections. It is known to promote antibacterial autophagy by recognizing and binding glycans present on the vacuolar membrane, thus acting as a danger receptor. The most important role of galectin-8 is the regulation of cancer growth, metastasis, tumor progression, and tumor cell survival. Importantly, the expression of galectins is typically higher in tumor tissues than in noncancerous tissues. In this review article, we focus on galectin-8 and its function in immune response, microbial infections, and cancer. Given all of these functions of galectin-8, we emphasize the importance of developing new and selective galectin-8 inhibitors and report the current status of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Purić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Murphy PV, Dhara A, Fitzgerald LS, Hever E, Konda S, Mandal K. Small lectin ligands as a basis for applications in glycoscience and glycomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39162695 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Glycan recognition by lectins mediates important biological events. This Tutorial Review aims to introduce lectin-ligand interactions and show how these molecular recognition events inspire innovations such as: (i) glycomimetic ligands; (ii) multivalent ligand agonists/antagonists; (iii) ligands for precision delivery of therapies to cells, where therapies include vaccines, siRNA and LYTACs (iv) development of diagnostics. A small number of case studies are selected to demonstrate principles for development of new ligands for applications inspired by knowledge of natural glycan ligand structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
- SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Ashis Dhara
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
- SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Liam S Fitzgerald
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
- SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Eoin Hever
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
| | - Saidulu Konda
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
| | - Kishan Mandal
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
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3
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Chauhan R, Malhotra L, Gupta A, Dagar G, Mendiratta M, Masoodi T, Hashem S, Al Marzooqi S, Das D, Uddin S, Ethayathulla AS, Macha MA, Akil AAS, Sahoo RK, Rai E, Bhat AA, Singh M. Bergenin inhibits growth of human cervical cancer cells by decreasing Galectin-3 and MMP-9 expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15287. [PMID: 38961106 PMCID: PMC11222472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is still the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide even after introduction of vaccine against Human papillomavirus (HPV), due to low vaccine coverage, especially in the developing world. Cervical cancer is primarily treated by Chemo/Radiotherapy, depending on the disease stage, with Carboplatin/Cisplatin-based drug regime. These drugs being non-specific, target rapidly dividing cells, including normal cells, so safer options are needed for lower off-target toxicity. Natural products offer an attractive option compared to synthetic drugs due to their well-established safety profile and capacity to target multiple oncogenic hallmarks of cancer like inflammation, angiogenesis, etc. In the current study, we investigated the effect of Bergenin (C-glycoside of 4-O-methylgallic acid), a natural polyphenol compound that is isolated from medicinal plants such as Bergenia crassifolia, Caesalpinia digyna, and Flueggea leucopyrus. Bergenin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, and wound healing properties but its anticancer potential has been realized only recently. We performed a proteomic analysis of cervical carcinoma cells treated with bergenin and found it to influence multiple hallmarks of cancers, including apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor suppressor proteins. It was also involved in many different cellular processes unrelated to cancer, as shown by our proteomic analysis. Further analysis showed bergenin to be a potent-angiogenic agent by reducing key angiogenic proteins like Galectin 3 and MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloprotease 9) in cervical carcinoma cells. Further understanding of this interaction was carried out using molecular docking analysis, which indicated MMP-9 has more affinity for bergenin as compared to Galectin-3. Cumulatively, our data provide novel insight into the anti-angiogenic mechanism of bergenin in cervical carcinoma cells by modulation of multiple angiogenic proteins like Galectin-3 and MMP-9 which warrant its further development as an anticancer agent in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lakshay Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Mohini Mendiratta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dayasagar Das
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Rai
- School of Life Sciences Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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4
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Hall A, Chatzopoulou M, Frost J. Bioisoteres for carboxylic acids: From ionized isosteres to novel unionized replacements. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 104:117653. [PMID: 38579492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are key pharmacophoric elements in many molecules. They can be seen as a problem by some, due to perceived permeability challenges, potential for high plasma protein binding and the risk of forming reactive metabolites due to acyl-glucuronidation. By others they are viewed more favorably as they can decrease lipophilicity by adding an ionizable center which can be beneficial for solubility, and can add enthalpic interactions with the target protein. However, there are many instances where the replacement of a carboxylic acid with a bioisosteric group is required. This has led to the development of a number of ionizable groups which sufficiently mimic the carboxylic acid functionality whilst improving, for example, the metabolic profile of the molecule in question. An alternative strategy involves replacement of the carboxylate by neutral functional groups. This review initially details carefully selected examples whereby tetrazoles, acyl sulfonamides or isoxazolols have been beneficially utilized as carboxylic acid bioisosteres altering physicohemical properties, interactions with the target and metabolism and/or pharmacokinetics, before delving further into the binding mode of carboxylic acid derivatives with their target proteins. This analysis highlights new ways to consider the replacement of carboxylic acids by neutral bioisosteric groups which either rely on hydrogen bonds or cation-π interactions. It should serve as a useful guide for scientists working in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- UCB, Chemin du Foriest, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium, 1420 UCB, 216 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, UK.
| | - Maria Chatzopoulou
- UCB, Chemin du Foriest, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium, 1420 UCB, 216 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | - James Frost
- UCB, Chemin du Foriest, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium, 1420 UCB, 216 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
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5
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Qin QP, Lu J, Sun C, Wang MS, Guo GC. Design Strategy for Improving Detection Sensitivity in a Bromoplumbate Photochromic Semiconductor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2307333. [PMID: 37967329 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the dark current of photodetectors is an important strategy for enhancing the detection sensitivity, but hampered by the manufacturing cost due to the need for controlling the complex material composition and processing intricate interface. This study reports a new single-component photochromic semiconductor, [(HDMA)4 (Pb3 Br10 )(PhSQ)2 ]n (1, HDMA = dimethylamine cation, PhSQ = 1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium), by introducing a redox-active monosubstituted viologen zwitterion into inorganic semiconducting skeleton. It features yellow to green coloration after UV irradiation with the sharply dropping intrinsic conductivity of 14.6-fold, and the photodetection detection sensitivity gain successfully doubles. The reason of decreasing conductivity originates from the increasing the band gap of the inorganic semiconducting component and formation of Frenkel excitons with strong Coulomb interactions, thereby decreasing the concentration of thermally excited intrinsic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Pei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
| | - Cai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Oxygenated Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
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6
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Mahanti M, Pal KB, Kumar R, Schulze M, Leffler H, Logan DT, Nilsson UJ. Ligand Sulfur Oxidation State Progressively Alters Galectin-3-Ligand Complex Conformations To Induce Affinity-Influencing Hydrogen Bonds. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14716-14723. [PMID: 37878264 PMCID: PMC10641817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Galectins play biological roles in immune regulation and tumor progression. Ligands with high affinity for the shallow, hydrophilic galectin-3 ligand binding site rely primarily on a galactose core with appended aryltriazole moieties, making hydrophobic interactions and π-stacking. We designed and synthesized phenyl sulfone, sulfoxide, and sulfide-triazolyl thiogalactoside derivatives to create affinity-enhancing hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and π-interactions. Crystal structures and thermodynamic analyses revealed that the sulfoxide and sulfone ligands form hydrogen bonds while retaining π-interactions, resulting in improved affinities and unique binding poses. The sulfoxide, bearing one hydrogen bond acceptor, leads to an affinity decrease compared to the sulfide, whereas the corresponding sulfone forms three hydrogen bonds, two directly with Asn and Arg side chains and one water-mediated to an Asp side chain, respectively, which alters the complex structure and increases affinity. These findings highlight that the sulfur oxidation state influences both the interaction thermodynamics and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Mahanti
- Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Division
of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Centre for Molecular Protein
Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Schulze
- Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund
University, BMC-C1228b Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Derek T. Logan
- Division
of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Centre for Molecular Protein
Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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7
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Lázár L, Tsagkarakou AS, Stravodimos G, Kontopidis G, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Somsák L, Leonidas DD. Strong Binding of C-Glycosylic1,2-Thiodisaccharides to Galectin-3─Enthalpy-Driven Affinity Enhancement by Water-Mediated Hydrogen Bonds. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12420-12431. [PMID: 37658813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is involved in multiple pathways of many diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and diabetes, and it is a validated pharmaceutical target for the development of novel therapeutic agents to address unmet medical needs. Novel 1,2-thiodisaccharides with a C-glycosylic functionality were synthesized by the photoinitiated thiol-ene click reaction of O-peracylated 1-C-substituted glycals and 1-thio-glycopyranoses. Subsequent global deprotection yielded test compounds, which were studied for their binding to human galectin-3 by fluorescence polarization and isothermal titration calorimetry to show low micromolar Kd values. The best inhibitor displayed a Kd value of 8.0 μM. An analysis of the thermodynamic binding parameters revealed that the binding Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the new inhibitors was dominated by enthalpy (ΔH). The binding mode of the four most efficient 1,2-thiodisaccharides was also studied by X-ray crystallography that uncovered the unique role of water-mediated hydrogen bonds in conferring enthalpy-driven affinity enhancement for the new inhibitors. This 1,2-thiodisaccharide-type scaffold represents a new lead for galectin-3 inhibitor discovery and offers several possibilities for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Lázár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anastasia S Tsagkarakou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George Kontopidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, 224 Trikalon, 43131 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-2210 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-2210 Lund, Sweden
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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8
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Zhang H, Wang X, Wan Y, Liu L, Zhou J, Li P, Xu B. Discovery of N-Arylsulfonyl-Indole-2-Carboxamide Derivatives as Galectin-3 and Galectin-8 C-Terminal Domain Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1257-1265. [PMID: 37736168 PMCID: PMC10510525 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both galectin-3 and galectin-8 are involved in cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory processes by recognizing galactose-containing glycoproteins. Inhibiting galectin-3/8 activities is a potential treatment for cancer and tissue fibrosis. Herein, a series of novel N-arylsulfonyl-5-aryloxy-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives was disclosed as dual inhibitors toward galectin-3 and galectin-8 C-terminal domain with Kd values of low micromolar level (Cpd53, gal-3: Kd= 4.12 μM, gal-8C: Kd= 6.04 μM; Cpd57, gal-3: Kd= 12.8 μM, gal-8C: Kd= 2.06 μM), which are the most potent and selective noncarbohydrate-based inhibitors toward gal-3/8 isoforms to date. The molecular docking investigations suggested that the unique amino acids Arg144 in galectin-3 and Ser213 in galectin-8C could contribute to their potency and selectivity. The scratch wound assay demonstrated that Cpd53 and Cpd57 were able to inhibit the MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells migration as well. This class of inhibitors could serve as a new starting point for further discovering structurally distinct gal-3 and gal-8C inhibitors to be used in cancer and tissue fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Zhang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wan
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liheng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes
Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- CAMS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic
Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bailing Xu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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9
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Bouffette S, Botez I, De Ceuninck F. Targeting galectin-3 in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:519-531. [PMID: 37391294 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Galectin (Gal)-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin emerging as a key player in cardiac, hepatic, renal, and pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation, respiratory infections caused by COVID-19, and neuroinflammatory disorders. Here, we review recent information highlighting Gal-3 as a relevant therapeutic target in these specific disease conditions. While a causal link was difficult to establish until now, we discuss how recent strategic breakthroughs allowed us to identify new-generation Gal-3 inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity, and bioavailability, and report their usefulness as valuable tools for proof-of-concept studies in various preclinical models of the aforementioned diseases, with emphasis on those actually in clinical stages. We also address critical views and suggestions intended to expand the therapeutic opportunities provided by this complex target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Bouffette
- Servier, Neurology and Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, Servier R&D Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Servier, Drug Design Small Molecules Unit, Servier R&D Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric De Ceuninck
- Servier, Neurology and Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, Servier R&D Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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10
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Geulin A, Bourne-Branchu Y, Ben Ayed K, Lecourt T, Joosten A. Ferrier/Aza-Wacker/Epoxidation/Glycosylation (FAWEG) Sequence to Access 1,2-Trans 3-Amino-3-deoxyglycosides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203987. [PMID: 36793144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
3-Amino-3-deoxyglycosides constitute an essential class of nitrogen-containing sugars. Among them, many important 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosides possess a 1,2-trans relationship. In view of their numerous biological applications, the synthesis of 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosyl donors giving rise to a 1,2-trans glycosidic linkage is thus an important challenge. Even though glycals are highly polyvalent donors, the synthesis and reactivity of 3-amino-3-deoxyglycals have been little studied. In this work, we describe a new sequence, involving a Ferrier rearrangement and subsequent aza-Wacker cyclization that allows the rapid synthesis of orthogonally protected 3-amino-3-deoxyglycals. Finally a 3-amino-3-deoxygalactal derivative was submitted for the first time to an epoxidation/glycosylation with high yield and great diastereoselectivity, highlighting FAWEG (Ferrier/Aza-Wacker/Epoxidation/Glycosylation) as a new approach to access 1,2-trans 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselme Geulin
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Yann Bourne-Branchu
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Kawther Ben Ayed
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Thomas Lecourt
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Antoine Joosten
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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12
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Sahil M, Sarkar S, Mondal J. Long-time-step molecular dynamics can retard simulation of protein-ligand recognition process. Biophys J 2023; 122:802-816. [PMID: 36726313 PMCID: PMC10027446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of biologically relevant processes at realistic time scale and atomistic precision is generally limited by prohibitively large computational cost, due to its restriction of using an ultrashort integration time step (1-2 fs). A popular numerical recipe to reduce the associated computational burden is adopting schemes that would allow relatively longer-time-step for MD propagation. Here, we explore the perceived potential of one of the most frequently used long-time-step protocols, namely the hydrogen mass repartitioning (HMR) approach, in alleviating the computational overhead associated with simulation of the kinetic process of protein-ligand recognition events. By repartitioning the mass of heavier atoms to their linked hydrogen atoms, HMR leverages around twofold longer time step than regular simulation, holding promise of significant performance boost. However, our probe into direct simulation of the protein-ligand recognition event, one of the computationally most challenging processes, shows that long-time-step HMR MD simulations do not necessarily translate to a computationally affordable solution. Our investigations spanning cumulative 176 μs in three independent proteins (T4 lysozyme, sensor domain of MopR, and galectin-3) show that long-time-step HMR-based MD simulations can catch the ligand in its act of recognizing the native cavity. But, as a major caveat, the ligand is found to require significantly longer time to identify buried native protein cavity in an HMR MD simulation than regular simulation, thereby defeating the purpose of its usage for performance upgrade. A molecular analysis shows that the longer time required by a ligand to recognize the protein in HMR is rooted in faster diffusion of the ligand, which reduces the survival probability of decisive on-pathway metastable intermediates, thereby slowing down the eventual recognition process at the native cavity. Together, the investigation stresses careful assessment of pitfalls of long-time-step algorithms before attempting to utilize them for higher performance for biomolecular recognition simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sahil
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Susmita Sarkar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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13
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Abdullayev S, Kadav P, Bandyopadhyay P, Medrano FJ, Rabinovich GA, Dam TK, Romero A, Roy R. Selectively Modified Lactose and N-Acetyllactosamine Analogs at Three Key Positions to Afford Effective Galectin-3 Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043718. [PMID: 36835132 PMCID: PMC9962200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins constitute a family of galactose-binding lectins overly expressed in the tumor microenvironment as well as in innate and adaptive immune cells, in inflammatory diseases. Lactose ((β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranose, Lac) and N-Acetyllactosamine (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, LacNAc) have been widely exploited as ligands for a wide range of galectins, sometimes with modest selectivity. Even though several chemical modifications at single positions of the sugar rings have been applied to these ligands, very few examples combined the simultaneous modifications at key positions known to increase both affinity and selectivity. We report herein combined modifications at the anomeric position, C-2, and O-3' of each of the two sugars, resulting in a 3'-O-sulfated LacNAc analog having a Kd of 14.7 µM against human Gal-3 as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). This represents a six-fold increase in affinity when compared to methyl β-D-lactoside having a Kd of 91 µM. The three best compounds contained sulfate groups at the O-3' position of the galactoside moieties, which were perfectly in line with the observed highly cationic character of the human Gal-3 binding site shown by the co-crystal of one of the best candidates of the LacNAc series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuay Abdullayev
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Priyanka Kadav
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Purnima Bandyopadhyay
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | | | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tarun K. Dam
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Antonio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB), CSIC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (R.R.)
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14
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Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:295-316. [PMID: 36759557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins that have crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. As a group, these proteins use both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms as well as glycan-dependent and independent pathways to reprogramme the fate and function of numerous cell types. Given their multifunctional roles in both tissue fibrosis and cancer, galectins have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. Here, we focus on the therapeutic relevance of galectins, particularly galectin 1 (GAL1), GAL3 and GAL9 to tumour progression and fibrotic diseases. We consider an array of galectin-targeted strategies, including small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors, natural polysaccharides and their derivatives, peptides, peptidomimetics and biological agents (notably, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and truncated galectins) and discuss their mechanisms of action, selectivity and therapeutic potential in preclinical models of fibrosis and cancer. We also review the results of clinical trials that aim to evaluate the efficacy of galectin inhibitors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cancer. The rapid pace of glycobiology research, combined with the acute need for drugs to alleviate fibrotic inflammation and overcome resistance to anticancer therapies, will accelerate the translation of anti-galectin therapeutics into clinical practice.
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15
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Hovorková M, Červený J, Bumba L, Pelantová H, Cvačka J, Křen V, Renaudet O, Goyard D, Bojarová P. Advanced high-affinity glycoconjugate ligands of galectins. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106279. [PMID: 36446202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are proteins of the family of human lectins. By binding terminal galactose units of cell surface glycans, they moderate biological and pathological processes such as cell signaling, cell adhesion, apoptosis, fibrosis, carcinogenesis, and metabolic disorders. The binding of monovalent glycans to galectins is usually relatively weak. Therefore, the presentation of carbohydrate ligands on multivalent scaffolds can efficiently increase and/or discriminate the affinity of the glycoconjugate to different galectins. A library of glycoclusters and glycodendrimers with various structural presentations of the common functionalized N-acetyllactosamine ligand was prepared to evaluate how the mode of presentation affects the affinity and selectivity to the two most abundant galectins, galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3). In addition, the effect of a one- to two-unit carbohydrate spacer on the affinity of the glycoconjugates was determined. A new design of the biolayer interferometry (BLI) method with specific AVI-tagged constructs was used to determine the affinity to galectins, and compared with the gold-standard method of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). This study reveals new routes to low nanomolar glycoconjugate inhibitors of galectins of interest for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hovorková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám, 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble-Alpes, 621, Avenue Centrale, F-38400 Saint Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - David Goyard
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble-Alpes, 621, Avenue Centrale, F-38400 Saint Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nám. Sítná 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Lete MG, Franconetti A, Bertuzzi S, Delgado S, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Millet O, Jiménez-Osés G, Arda A, Jiménez-Barbero J. NMR Investigation of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions: The Recognition of Glycans by Galectins Engineered with Fluorotryptophan Residues. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202208. [PMID: 36343278 PMCID: PMC10107428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine (19 F) incorporation into glycan-binding proteins (lectins) has been achieved and exploited to monitor the binding to carbohydrate ligands by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Galectins are a family of lectins that bind carbohydrates, generally with weak affinities, through a combination of intermolecular interactions including a key CH-π stacking involving a conserved tryptophan residue. Herein, Galectin-3 (Gal3) and Galectin-8 (Gal8) with one and two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), respectively, were selected. Gal3 contains one Trp, whereas Gal8 contains three, one at each binding site and a third one not involved in sugar binding; these were substituted by the corresponding F-Trp analogues. The presence of fluorine did not significantly modify the affinity for glycan binding, which was in slow exchange on the 19 F NMR chemical-shift timescale, even for weak ligands, and allowed binding events taking place at two different binding sites within the same lectin to be individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Lete
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Antonio Franconetti
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sara Bertuzzi
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Arda
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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17
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The Synthesis and Preclinical Investigation of Lactosamine-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for the Detection of Galectin-3-Expressing Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112504. [PMID: 36432695 PMCID: PMC9695418 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin promoting tumor growth and metastatis, it could be a valuable target for the treatment of Gal-3-expressing neoplasms. An aromatic group introduced to the C-3′ position of lactosamine increased its affinity for Gal-3. Herein, we aimed at developing a radiopharmaceutical for the detection of Gal-3 positive malignancies. To enhance tumor specificity, a heterodimeric radiotracer capable of binding to both Gal-3 and αvβ3 integrin was also synthetized. Arginine-glycine-asparagine (RGD) peptide is the ligand of angiogenesis- and metastasis-associated αvβ3 integrin. Following the synthesis of the chelator-conjugated (2-naphthyl)methylated lactosamine, the obtained compound was applied as a precursor for radiolabeling and was conjugated to the RGD peptide by click reaction as well. Both synthetized precursors were radiolabeled with 68Ga, resulting in high labeling yield (>97). The biological studies were carried out using B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL6 mice. High tumor accumulation of both labeled lactosamine derivatives—detected by in vivo PET and ex vivo biodistribution studies—indicated their potential for melanoma detection. However, the heterodimer radiotracer showed high hepatic uptake, while low liver accumulation characterized chelator-conjugated lactosamine, resulting in PET images with excellent contrast. Therefore, this novel carbohydrate-based radiotracer is suitable for the highly selective determination of Gal-3-expressing melanoma cells.
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18
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Bum-Erdene K, Collins PM, Hugo MW, Tarighat SS, Fei F, Kishor C, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Groffen J, Grice ID, Heisterkamp N, Blanchard H. Novel Selective Galectin-3 Antagonists Are Cytotoxic to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5975-5989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Collins
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Matthew W. Hugo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Somayeh S. Tarighat
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, United States
| | - Fei Fei
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, United States
| | - Chandan Kishor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf. J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - John Groffen
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, United States
| | - I. Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, United States
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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19
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Vrbata D, Filipová M, Tavares MR, Červený J, Vlachová M, Šírová M, Pelantová H, Petrásková L, Bumba L, Konefał R, Etrych T, Křen V, Chytil P, Bojarová P. Glycopolymers Decorated with 3- O-Substituted Thiodigalactosides as Potent Multivalent Inhibitors of Galectin-3. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3866-3878. [PMID: 35157467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) participates in many cancer-related metabolic processes. The inhibition of overexpressed Gal-3 by, e.g., β-galactoside-derived inhibitors is hence promising for cancer treatment. The multivalent presentation of such inhibitors on a suitable biocompatible carrier can enhance the overall affinity to Gal-3 and favorably modify the interaction with Gal-3-overexpressing cells. We synthesized a library of C-3 aryl-substituted thiodigalactoside inhibitors and their multivalent N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based counterparts with two different glycomimetic contents. Glycopolymers with a higher content of glycomimetic exhibited a higher affinity to Gal-3 as assessed by ELISA and biolayer interferometry. Among them, four candidates (with 4-acetophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, and thiophen-3-yl substitution) were selected for further evaluation in cancer-related experiments in cell cultures. These glycopolymers inhibited Gal-3-induced processes in cancer cells. The cyanophenyl-substituted glycopolymer exhibited the strongest antiproliferative, antimigratory, antiangiogenic, and immunoprotective properties. The prepared glycopolymers appear to be prospective modulators of the tumor microenvironment applicable in the therapy of Gal-3-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vrbata
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marina R Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Šírová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nám. Sítná 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
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20
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Nielsen MI, Wandall HH. Dissecting Context-Specific Galectin Binding Using Glycoengineered Cell Libraries. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:205-214. [PMID: 35320528 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The family of galectins has critical functions in a wide range of biological processes, primarily based on their broad interactions with proteins carrying β-galactoside-containing glycans. To understand the diversity of functions governed by galectins, it is essential to define the binding specificity of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRDs) of the individual galectins. The binding specificity of galectins has primarily been examined with glycoarrays, but now the ability to probe and dissect binding to defined glycans in the context of a cellular membrane is facilitated by the generations of glycoengineered cell libraries with defined glyco-phenotypes. The following section will show how galectin specificities can be probed in the natural context of cellular surfaces using glycoengineered cell libraries, and how binding to glycoproteins can be measured in solution with fluorescence anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ingemann Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Kumar A, Paul M, Panda M, Jayaram S, Kalidindi N, Sale H, Vetrichelvan M, Gupta A, Mathur A, Beno B, Regueiro-Ren A, Cheng D, Ramarao M, Ghosh K. Molecular mechanism of interspecies differences in the binding affinity of TD139 to Galectin-3. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1390-1400. [PMID: 34228782 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, has been implicated in a plethora of pathological disorders including fibrosis, inflammation, cancer and metabolic diseases. TD139-a thio-digalactoside inhibitor developed by Galecto Biotech as a potential therapeutic for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-is the most advanced small-molecule Gal-3 inhibitor in clinical studies. It binds to human Gal-3 with high affinity but has lower affinity towards mouse and rat homologs, which is also manifested in the differential inhibition of Gal-3 function. Using biophysical methods and high-resolution X-ray co-crystal structures of TD139 and Gal-3 proteins, we demonstrate that a single amino acid change corresponding to A146 in human Gal-3 is sufficient for the observed reduction in the binding affinity of TD139 in rodents. Site-directed mutagenesis of A146V (in human Gal-3) and V160A (in mouse Gal-3) was sufficient to interchange the affinities, mainly by affecting the off rates of the inhibitor binding. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations of both wild-type and mutant structures revealed the sustained favorable noncovalent interactions between the fluorophenyl ring and the active site A146 (human Gal-3 and mouse V160A) that corroborate the finding from biophysical studies. Current findings have ramifications in the context of optimization of drug candidates against Gal-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Discovery Biology and Translational Medicine, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Marilyn Paul
- Discovery Biology and Translational Medicine, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Manoranjan Panda
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Shruthi Jayaram
- Discovery Biology and Translational Medicine, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Narasimharaju Kalidindi
- Discovery Biology and Translational Medicine, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Harinath Sale
- Discovery Biology and Translational Medicine, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Muthalagu Vetrichelvan
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Brett Beno
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Alicia Regueiro-Ren
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Dong Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Manjunath Ramarao
- Discovery Biology and Translational Medicine, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Discovery Biology and Translational Medicine, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560099, India
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22
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Koneru JK, Sinha S, Mondal J. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidate oligosaccharide recognition pathways by galectin-3 at atomic resolution. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101271. [PMID: 34619151 PMCID: PMC8571523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of carbohydrates by lectins plays key roles in diverse cellular processes such as cellular adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis, which makes it a therapeutic target of significance against cancers. One of the most functionally active lectins, galectin-3 is distinctively known for its specific binding affinity toward β-galactoside. However, despite the prevalence of high-resolution crystallographic structures, the mechanistic basis and more significantly, the dynamic process underlying carbohydrate recognition by galectin-3 are currently elusive. To this end, we employed extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations to unravel the complete binding event of human galectin-3 with its native natural ligand N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) at atomic precision. The simulation trajectory demonstrates that the oligosaccharide diffuses around the protein and eventually identifies and binds to the biologically designated binding site of galectin-3 in real time. The simulated bound pose correlates with the crystallographic pose with atomic-level accuracy and recapitulates the signature stabilizing galectin-3/oligosaccharide interactions. The recognition pathway also reveals a set of transient non-native ligand poses in its course to the receptor. Interestingly, kinetic analysis in combination with a residue-level picture revealed that the key to the efficacy of a more active structural variant of the LacNAc lay in the ligand's resilience against disassociation from galectin-3. By catching the ligand in the act of finding its target, our investigations elucidate the detailed recognition mechanism of the carbohydrate-binding domain of galectin-3 and underscore the importance of ligand-target binary complex residence time in understanding the structure-activity relationship of cognate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Krishna Koneru
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, India.
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23
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Aminpour M, Cannariato M, Zucco A, Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Perioli A, Tucci D, Rossi F, Pionato S, Marino S, Deriu MA, Velpula KK, Tuszynski JA. Computational Study of Potential Galectin-3 Inhibitors in the Treatment of COVID-19. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1208. [PMID: 34572394 PMCID: PMC8466820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein and the most studied member of the galectin family. It regulates several functions throughout the body, among which are inflammation and post-injury remodelling. Recent studies have highlighted the similarity between Galectin-3's carbohydrate recognition domain and the so-called "galectin fold" present on the N-terminal domain of the S1 sub-unit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Sialic acids binding to the N-terminal domain of the Spike protein are known to be crucial for viral entry into humans, and the role of Galectin-3 as a mediator of lung fibrosis has long been the object of study since its levels have been found to be abnormally high in alveolar macrophages following lung injury. In this context, the discovery of a double inhibitor may both prevent viral entry and reduce post-infection pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we use a database of 56 compounds, among which 37 have known experimental affinity with Galectin-3. We carry out virtual screening of this database with respect to Galectin-3 and Spike protein. Several ligands are found to exhibit promising binding affinity and interaction with the Spike protein's N-terminal domain as well as with Galectin-3. This finding strongly suggests that existing Galectin-3 inhibitors possess dual-binding capabilities to disrupt Spike-ACE2 interactions. Herein we identify the most promising inhibitors of Galectin-3 and Spike proteins, of which five emerge as potential dual effective inhibitors. Our preliminary results warrant further in vitro and in vivo testing of these putative inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 with the hope of being able to halt the spread of the virus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Aminpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Marco Cannariato
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Angelica Zucco
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Simone Israel
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Annalisa Perioli
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Davide Tucci
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Francesca Rossi
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Sara Pionato
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Silvia Marino
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Marco A. Deriu
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Kiran K. Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (A.Z.); (E.D.G.); (S.I.); (A.P.); (D.T.); (F.R.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.A.D.)
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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24
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Dong X, Chen C, Yan J, Zhang X, Li X, Liang X. Comprehensive O-Glycosylation Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Biomimetic Trp-Arg Materials. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10444-10452. [PMID: 34284575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious public health threat. Most vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 target the highly glycosylated spike protein (S). A good knowledge of the glycosylation profile of this protein is key to successful vaccine development. Unlike the 22 confirmed N-glycosylation sites on SARS-CoV-2 S, only a few O-glycosylation sites on this protein have been reported. This difference is mainly ascribed to the extremely low stoichiometry of O-glycosylation. Herein, we designed the biomimetic materials, Trp-Arg (WR) monomer-grafted silica microspheres (designated as WR-SiO2), and these biomimetic materials can enrich N- and O-linked glycopeptides with high selectivity. And WR-SiO2 can resist the nonglycopeptides' interference with the 100 molar fold of BSA during O-linked glycopeptide enrichment. We utilized WR-SiO2 to comprehensively analyze the O-glycosylation profile of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S. Twenty-seven O-glycosylation sites including 18 unambiguous sites are identified on SARS-CoV-2 S. Our study demonstrates that the biomimetic polymer can offer specific selectivity for O-linked glycopeptides and pave the way for O-glycosylation research in biological fields. The O-glycosylation profile of SARS-CoV-2 S might supplement the comprehensive glycosylation in addition to N-glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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25
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Lima CDL, Coelho H, Gimeno A, Trovão F, Diniz A, Dias JS, Jiménez-Barbero J, Corzana F, Carvalho AL, Cabrita EJ, Marcelo F. Structural Insights into the Molecular Recognition Mechanism of the Cancer and Pathogenic Epitope, LacdiNAc by Immune-Related Lectins. Chemistry 2021; 27:7951-7958. [PMID: 33826192 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of glycan-specific epitopes to human lectin receptors represent novel immune checkpoints for investigating cancer and infection diseases. By employing a multidisciplinary approach that combines isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and X-ray crystallography, we investigated the molecular determinants that govern the recognition of the tumour and pathogenic glycobiomarker LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, LDN), including their comparison with the ubiquitous LacNAc epitope (Galβ1-4GlcNAc, LN), by two human immune-related lectins, galectin-3 (hGal-3) and the macrophage galactose C-type lectin (hMGL). A different mechanism of binding and interactions was observed for the hGal-3/LDN and hMGL/LDN complexes, which explains the remarkable difference in the binding specificity of LDN and LN by these two lectins. The new structural clues reported herein are fundamental for the chemical design of mimetics targeting hGal-3/hMGL recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D L Lima
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia, Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170, Derio, Spain
| | - Filipa Trovão
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge S Dias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia, Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eurico J Cabrita
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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26
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Xu L, Hartz RA, Beno BR, Ghosh K, Shukla JK, Kumar A, Patel D, Kalidindi N, Lemos N, Gautam SS, Kumar A, Ellsworth BA, Shah D, Sale H, Cheng D, Regueiro-Ren A. Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydropyran-Based Thiodisaccharide Mimics as Galectin-3 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6634-6655. [PMID: 33988358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins. A substantial body of literature reports that galectin-3 plays important roles in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Small-molecule galectin-3 inhibitors, which are generally lactose or galactose-based derivatives, have the potential to be valuable disease-modifying agents. In our efforts to identify novel galectin-3 disaccharide mimics to improve drug-like properties, we found that one of the monosaccharide subunits can be replaced with a suitably functionalized tetrahydropyran ring. Optimization of the structure-activity relationships around the tetrahydropyran-based scaffold led to the discovery of potent galectin-3 inhibitors. Compounds 36, 40, and 45 were selected for further in vivo evaluation. The synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and in vivo evaluation of novel tetrahydropyran-based galectin-3 inhibitors are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Richard A Hartz
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Brett R Beno
- Department of Computer-Aided Drug Design & Molecular Analytics, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Jinal K Shukla
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Dipal Patel
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Narasimharaju Kalidindi
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Nadine Lemos
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Shashyendra Singh Gautam
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Bruce A Ellsworth
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Devang Shah
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Harinath Sale
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Alicia Regueiro-Ren
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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27
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Wallerstein J, Ekberg V, Ignjatović MM, Kumar R, Caldararu O, Peterson K, Wernersson S, Brath U, Leffler H, Oksanen E, Logan DT, Nilsson UJ, Ryde U, Akke M. Entropy-Entropy Compensation between the Protein, Ligand, and Solvent Degrees of Freedom Fine-Tunes Affinity in Ligand Binding to Galectin-3C. JACS AU 2021; 1:484-500. [PMID: 34467311 PMCID: PMC8395690 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition is fundamental to biological signaling. A central question is how individual interactions between molecular moieties affect the thermodynamics of ligand binding to proteins and how these effects might propagate beyond the immediate neighborhood of the binding site. Here, we investigate this question by introducing minor changes in ligand structure and characterizing the effects of these on ligand affinity to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3, using a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry, X-ray crystallography, NMR relaxation, and computational approaches including molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST). We studied a congeneric series of ligands with a fluorophenyl-triazole moiety, where the fluorine substituent varies between the ortho, meta, and para positions (denoted O, M, and P). The M and P ligands have similar affinities, whereas the O ligand has 3-fold lower affinity, reflecting differences in binding enthalpy and entropy. The results reveal surprising differences in conformational and solvation entropy among the three complexes. NMR backbone order parameters show that the O-bound protein has reduced conformational entropy compared to the M and P complexes. By contrast, the bound ligand is more flexible in the O complex, as determined by 19F NMR relaxation, ensemble-refined X-ray diffraction data, and MD simulations. Furthermore, GIST calculations indicate that the O-bound complex has less unfavorable solvation entropy compared to the other two complexes. Thus, the results indicate compensatory effects from ligand conformational entropy and water entropy, on the one hand, and protein conformational entropy, on the other hand. Taken together, these different contributions amount to entropy-entropy compensation among the system components involved in ligand binding to a target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Wallerstein
- Biophysical
Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Vilhelm Ekberg
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund
University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Rohit Kumar
- Biochemistry
and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Octav Caldararu
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund
University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Peterson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Wernersson
- Biophysical
Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Brath
- The
Swedish NMR Center, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Microbiology,
Immunology, and Glycobiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Esko Oksanen
- European
Spallation Source ESS ERIC, 225 92 Lund, Sweden
| | - Derek T. Logan
- Biochemistry
and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ryde
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund
University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Akke
- Biophysical
Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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28
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Tsvetkov YE, Yudina ON, Nifantiev NE. 3-Amino-3-deoxy- and 4-amino-4-deoxyhexoses in the synthesis of natural carbohydrate compounds and their analogues. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Stenström O, Diehl C, Modig K, Nilsson UJ, Akke M. Mapping the energy landscape of protein-ligand binding via linear free energy relationships determined by protein NMR relaxation dispersion. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:259-265. [PMID: 34458786 PMCID: PMC8341105 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical signaling is mediated by complexes between macromolecular receptors and their ligands, with the duration of the signal being directly related to the lifetime of the ligand-receptor complex. In the field of drug design, the recognition that drug efficacy in vivo depends on the lifetime of the drug-protein complex has spawned the concept of designing drugs with particular binding kinetics. To advance this field it is critical to investigate how the molecular details of designed ligands might affect the binding kinetics, as well as the equilibrium binding constant. Here we use protein NMR relaxation dispersion to determine linear free energy relationships involving the on- and off-rates and the affinity for a series of congeneric ligands targeting the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3. Using this approach we determine the energy landscape and the position of the transition state along the reaction coordinate of protein-ligand binding. The results show that ligands exhibiting reduced off-rates achieve this by primarily stabilizing the bound state, but do not affect the transition state to any greater extent. The transition state forms early, that is, it is located significantly closer to the free state than to the bound state, suggesting a critical role of desolvation. Furthermore, the data suggest that different subclasses of ligands show different behavior with respect to these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Stenström
- Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Carl Diehl
- Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kristofer Modig
- Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Mikael Akke
- Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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30
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Warkentin R, Kwan DH. Resources and Methods for Engineering "Designer" Glycan-Binding Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:E380. [PMID: 33450899 PMCID: PMC7828330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides information on available methods for engineering glycan-binding proteins (GBP). Glycans are involved in a variety of physiological functions and are found in all domains of life and viruses. Due to their wide range of functions, GBPs have been developed with diagnostic, therapeutic, and biotechnological applications. The development of GBPs has traditionally been hindered by a lack of available glycan targets and sensitive and selective protein scaffolds; however, recent advances in glycobiology have largely overcome these challenges. Here we provide information on how to approach the design of novel "designer" GBPs, starting from the protein scaffold to the mutagenesis methods, selection, and characterization of the GBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Warkentin
- Department of Biology, Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;
- PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - David H. Kwan
- Department of Biology, Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;
- PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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31
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Dussouy C, Téletchéa S, Lambert A, Charlier C, Botez I, De Ceuninck F, Grandjean C. Access to Galectin-3 Inhibitors from Chemoenzymatic Synthons. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16099-16114. [PMID: 33200927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic strategies are useful for providing both regio- and stereoselective access to bioactive oligosaccharides. We show herein that a glycosynthase mutant of a Thermus thermophilus α-glycosidase can react with unnatural glycosides such as 6-azido-6-deoxy-d-glucose/glucosamine to lead to β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-glucopyranoside or β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranoside derivatives bearing a unique azide function. Taking advantage of the orthogonality between the azide and the hydroxyl functional groups, the former was next selectively reacted to give rise to a library of galectin-3 inhibitors. Combining enzyme substrate promiscuity and bioorthogonality thus appears as a powerful strategy to rapidly access to sugar-based ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dussouy
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 628, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Téletchéa
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 628, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Annie Lambert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 628, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Cathy Charlier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 628, F-44000 Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Plateforme IMPACT, UMR 6286, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, 78290 Croissy, France
| | | | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 628, F-44000 Nantes, France
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32
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Bernhard S, Goodman CK, Norton EG, Alme DG, Lawrence CM, Cloninger MJ. Time-Dependent Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Quantify Complex Binding Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29017-29024. [PMID: 33225133 PMCID: PMC7675582 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the binding affinity for proteins that can aggregate or undergo complex binding motifs presents a variety of challenges. In this study, fluorescence lifetime measurements using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence were performed to address these challenges and to quantify the binding of a series of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-functionalized dendrimers to recombinant human galectin-3. Collectively, galectins represent an important target for study; in particular, galectin-3 plays a variety of roles in cancer biology. Galectin-3 binding dissociation constants (K D) were quantified: lactoside (73 ± 4 μM), methyllactoside (54 ± 10 μM), and lactoside-functionalized G(2), G(4), and G(6)-PAMAM dendrimers (120 ± 58 μM, 100 ± 45 μM, and 130 ± 25 μM, respectively). The chosen examples showcase the widespread utility of time-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy for determining binding constants, including interactions for which standard methods have significant limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
P. Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59718, United States
| | - Candace K. Goodman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59718, United States
| | - Erienne G. Norton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59718, United States
| | - Daniel G. Alme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59718, United States
| | - C. Martin Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59718, United States
| | - Mary J. Cloninger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59718, United States
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33
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Gabr M, Rehman AU, Chen HF. Quinoline-Pyrazole Scaffold as a Novel Ligand of Galectin-3 and Suppressor of TREM2 Signaling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1759-1765. [PMID: 32944144 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 has been identified as a critical player in driving the neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A key feature of this function of galectin-3 is associated with its interaction with the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2). Herein, we report a high-throughput screening (HTS) platform that can be used for the identification of inhibitors of TREM2 and galectin-3 interaction. We have utilized this HTS assay to screen a focused library of compounds optimized for the central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases. MG-257 was identified from this screen as the first example of a small molecule that can attenuate TREM2 signaling based on its high affinity to galectin-3 (endogenous ligand of TREM2). Remarkably, MG-257 reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in activated microglial cells, which highlights its ability to inhibit the neuroinflammatory response associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China
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34
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Vašíček T, Spiwok V, Červený J, Petrásková L, Bumba L, Vrbata D, Pelantová H, Křen V, Bojarová P. Regioselective 3-O-Substitution of Unprotected Thiodigalactosides: Direct Route to Galectin Inhibitors. Chemistry 2020; 26:9620-9631. [PMID: 32368810 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of tailored bioactive carbohydrates usually comprises challenging (de)protection steps, which lowers synthetic yields and increases time demands. We present here a regioselective single-step introduction of benzylic substituents at 3-hydroxy groups of β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→1)-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside (TDG) employing dibutyltin oxide in good yields. These glycomimetics act as inhibitors of galectins-human lectins, which are biomedically attractive targets for therapeutic inhibition in, for example, cancerogenesis. The affinity of the prepared glycomimetics to galectin-1 and galectin-3 was studied in enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA)-type assays and their potential to inhibit galectin binding on the cell surface was shown. We used our original in vivo biotinylated galectin constructs for easy detection by flow cytometry. The results of the biological experiments were compared with data from molecular modeling with both galectins. The present work reveals a facile and elegant synthetic route for the preparation of TDG-derived glycomimetics that exhibit differing selectivity and affinity to galectins depending on the choice of 3-O-substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vašíček
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - David Vrbata
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nám. Sítná 3105, 27201, Kladno, Czech Republic
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35
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Caldararu O, Misini Ignjatović M, Oksanen E, Ryde U. Water structure in solution and crystal molecular dynamics simulations compared to protein crystal structures. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8435-8443. [PMID: 35497843 PMCID: PMC9049968 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of proteins is influenced not only by the atomic structure but also by the detailed structure of the solvent surrounding it. Computational studies of protein structure also critically depend on the water structure around the protein. Herein we compare the water structure obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of galectin-3 in complex with two ligands to crystallographic water molecules observed in the corresponding crystal structures. We computed MD trajectories both in a water box, which mimics a protein in solution, and in a crystallographic unit cell, which mimics a protein in a crystal. The calculations were compared to crystal structures obtained at both cryogenic and room temperature. Two types of analyses of the MD simulations were performed. First, the positions of the crystallographic water molecules were compared to peaks in the MD density after alignment of the protein in each snapshot. The results of this analysis indicate that all simulations reproduce the crystallographic water structure rather poorly. However, if we define the crystallographic water sites based on their distances to nearby protein atoms and follow these sites throughout the simulations, the MD simulations reproduce the crystallographic water sites much better. This shows that the failure of MD simulations to reproduce the water structure around proteins in crystal structures observed both in this and previous studies is caused by the problem of identifying water sites for a flexible and dynamic protein (traditionally done by overlaying the structures). Our local clustering approach solves the problem and shows that the MD simulations reasonably reproduce the water structure observed in crystals. Furthermore, analysis of the crystal MD simulations indicates a few water molecules that are close to unmodeled electron density peaks in the crystal structures, suggesting that crystal MD could be used as a complementary tool for identifying and modelling water in protein crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octav Caldararu
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre P. O. Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden +46-46-2228648 +46-46-2224502
| | - Majda Misini Ignjatović
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre P. O. Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden +46-46-2228648 +46-46-2224502
| | - Esko Oksanen
- Instruments Division, European Spallation Source Consortium ESS ERIC P. O. Box 176 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Ulf Ryde
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre P. O. Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden +46-46-2228648 +46-46-2224502
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36
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Bratteby K, Torkelsson E, L'Estrade ET, Peterson K, Shalgunov V, Xiong M, Leffler H, Zetterberg FR, Olsson TG, Gillings N, Nilsson UJ, Herth MM, Erlandsson M. In Vivo Veritas: 18F-Radiolabeled Glycomimetics Allow Insights into the Pharmacological Fate of Galectin-3 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:747-755. [PMID: 31846326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycomimetic drugs have attracted increasing interest as unique targeting vectors or surrogates for endogenous biomolecules. However, it is generally difficult to determine the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile of these compounds. In this work, two galectin-3 inhibitors were radiolabeled with fluorine-18 and used as surrogate PET tracers of TD139 and GB1107. Both compounds are promising drugs for clinical applications. In vivo evaluation revealed that both surrogates strongly differed with respect to their biodistribution profile. The disaccharide (TD139 surrogate) was rapidly eliminated from blood while the monosaccharide (GB1107 surrogate) showed no sign of excretion. The data obtained allowed us to infer the different in vivo fate of TD139 and GB1107 and rationalize how different administration routes could boost efficacy. Whereas the fast excretion profile of the TD139 surrogate indicated that systemic application of disaccharides is unfavorable, the extended biological half-life of the GB1107 surrogate indicated that systemic administration is possible for monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Bratteby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 160 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Radiation Physics , Skåne University Hospital , Barngatan 3 , 222 42 Lund , Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , Lund University , 221 00 Lund , Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology , Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Edvard Torkelsson
- Department of Radiation Physics , Skåne University Hospital , Barngatan 3 , 222 42 Lund , Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , Lund University , 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Elina Tampio L'Estrade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 160 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Radiation Physics , Skåne University Hospital , Barngatan 3 , 222 42 Lund , Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Research Unit , Copenhagen University Hospital , Rigshospitalet, Building 6931, Blegdamsvej 9 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Peterson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , Lund University , 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 160 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology , Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Research Unit , Copenhagen University Hospital , Rigshospitalet, Building 6931, Blegdamsvej 9 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mengfei Xiong
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 160 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Research Unit , Copenhagen University Hospital , Rigshospitalet, Building 6931, Blegdamsvej 9 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG , Lund University , BMCC1228b, Klinikgatan 28 , 221 84 Lund , Sweden
| | - Fredrik R Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB , Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8A , 413 46 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Tomas G Olsson
- Department of Radiation Physics , Skåne University Hospital , Barngatan 3 , 222 42 Lund , Sweden
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology , Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , Lund University , 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 160 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology , Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Department of Radiation Physics , Skåne University Hospital , Barngatan 3 , 222 42 Lund , Sweden
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37
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Munagalasetty S, Jayanthi S, Alvala M. Understanding the role of galectin inhibitors as potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: in silico studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29873-29884. [PMID: 35518264 PMCID: PMC9056307 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3 have the potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We validated the studies by docking, MD and MM/GBSA calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Swetha Sanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Sharon Munagalasetty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Sivaraman Jayanthi
- Computational Drug Design Lab
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
- MARS Training Academy
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38
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New clues arising from hunt of saccharides binding to galectin 3 via 3D QSAR and docking studies. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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39
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Dahlqvist A, Mandal S, Peterson K, Håkansson M, Logan DT, Zetterberg FR, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. 3-Substituted 1-Naphthamidomethyl-C-galactosyls Interact with Two Unique Sub-sites for High-Affinity and High-Selectivity Inhibition of Galectin-3. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244554. [PMID: 31842451 PMCID: PMC6943516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The galectins are a family of galactose-binding proteins playing key roles in inflammatory processes and cancer. However, they are structurally very closely related, and discovery of highly selective inhibitors is challenging. In this work, we report the design of novel inhibitors binding to a subsite unique to galectin-3, which confers both high selectivity and affinity towards galectin-3. Olefin cross metathesis between allyl β-C-galactopyranosyl and 1-vinylnaphthalenes or acylation of aminomethyl β-C-galactopyranosyl with 1-naphthoic acid derivatives gave C-galactopyranosyls carrying 1-naphthamide structural elements that interacted favorably with a galectin-3 unique subsite according to molecular modeling and X-ray structural analysis of two inhibitor-galectin-3 complexes. Affinities were down to sub-µM and selectivities over galectin-1, 2, 4 N-terminal domain, 4 C-terminal domain, 7, 8 N-terminal domain, 9 N-terminal domain, and 9 C-terminal domain were high. These results show that high affinity and selectivity for a single galectin can be achieved by targeting unique subsites, which holds promise for further development of small and selective galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dahlqvist
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.D.); (S.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Santanu Mandal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.D.); (S.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Kristoffer Peterson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.D.); (S.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden; (M.H.); (D.T.L.)
| | - Derek T. Logan
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden; (M.H.); (D.T.L.)
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik R. Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.D.); (S.M.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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Russell RW, Fritz MP, Kraus J, Quinn CM, Polenova T, Gronenborn AM. Accuracy and precision of protein structures determined by magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy: for some 'with a little help from a friend'. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2019; 73:333-346. [PMID: 30847635 PMCID: PMC6693955 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-019-00233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic investigation into the attainable accuracy and precision of protein structures determined by heteronuclear magic angle spinning solid-state NMR for a set of four proteins of varied size and secondary structure content. Structures were calculated using synthetically generated random sets of C-C distances up to 7 Å at different degrees of completeness. For single-domain proteins, 9-15 restraints per residue are sufficient to derive an accurate model structure, while maximum accuracy and precision are reached with over 15 restraints per residue. For multi-domain proteins and protein assemblies, additional information on domain orientations, quaternary structure and/or protein shape is needed. As demonstrated for the HIV-1 capsid protein assembly, this can be accomplished by integrating MAS NMR with cryoEM data. In all cases, inclusion of TALOS-derived backbone torsion angles improves the accuracy for small number of restraints, while no further increases are noted for restraint completeness above 40%. In contrast, inclusion of TALOS-derived torsion angle restraints consistently increases the precision of the structural ensemble at all degrees of distance restraint completeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Russell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, DE, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew P Fritz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, DE, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jodi Kraus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, DE, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, DE, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, DE, USA.
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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41
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Dahlqvist A, Zetterberg FR, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. Aminopyrimidine-galactose hybrids are highly selective galectin-3 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:913-925. [PMID: 31303989 PMCID: PMC6596385 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Galactopyranosides with aryl-aminopyrimidine moieties at O3 inhibit the tumor and immunity-related galectin-3 with high selectivity over other galectins.
Galectins are a family of carbohydrate recognition proteins involved in, among other things, modulating cell signalling and cell–environment interactions, giving them roles in several pathologies like cancer and idiopathic lung fibrosis. Hence, developing new galectin inhibitors with high affinity and high selectivity is important to be able to target such diseases. Most existing galectin inhibitors have a disaccharide scaffold, but there has been success as of late in developing monogalactoside inhibitors such as α-arylthioglycosides. Here, we report aminopyrimidine-derivatised galactosides as good galectin-3 inhibitors with affinities down to 1.7 μM and a more than 300-fold selectivity over galectin-1. Mutant studies replacing Arg144 in galectin-3 with lysine and serine support the hypothesis that the binding of the derivatives involves interactions with Arg144. Molecular dynamics simulations converged to stable poses of the inhibitor aminopyrimidine moiety with polar interactions with Asp148 and Ser237, while the aryl-aminopyrimidine ring stacked onto the side chain of Arg144. Hence, combining an aminopyrimidine motif with a phenyl α-thiogalactoside motif offers an attractive route towards highly selective galectin-3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dahlqvist
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , Box 124 , SE-221 00 Lund , Sweden .
| | - Fredrik R Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB , Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8A , SE-413 46 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Section MIG , Lund University BMC-C1228b , Klinikgatan 28 , SE-221 84 Lund , Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , Box 124 , SE-221 00 Lund , Sweden .
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42
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Dahlqvist A, Furevi A, Warlin N, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. Stereo- and regioselective hydroboration of 1- exo-methylene pyranoses: discovery of aryltriazolylmethyl C-galactopyranosides as selective galectin-1 inhibitors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1046-1060. [PMID: 31164942 PMCID: PMC6541369 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate recognition proteins that bind carbohydrates containing galactose and are involved in cell signaling and cellular interactions, involving them in several diseases. We present the synthesis of (aryltriazolyl)methyl galactopyranoside galectin inhibitors using a highly diastereoselective hydroboration of C1-exo-methylene pyranosides giving inhibitors with fourfold or better selectivity for galectin-1 over galectin-3, -4C (C-terminal CRD), -4N (N-terminal CRD), -7, -8C, -8N, -9C, and -9N and dissociation constants down to 170 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dahlqvist
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
| | - Axel Furevi
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
| | - Niklas Warlin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, BMC C12, SE-221 84 LUND, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
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43
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He P, Zhao C, Sun X, Du Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of lactoside-derived galectin-3 inhibitors. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1609022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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44
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Malde AK, Hill TA, Iyer A, Fairlie DP. Crystal Structures of Protein-Bound Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9861-9914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alpeshkumar K. Malde
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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45
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Gimeno A, Delgado S, Valverde P, Bertuzzi S, Berbís MA, Echavarren J, Lacetera A, Martín‐Santamaría S, Surolia A, Cañada FJ, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Ardá A. Minimizing the Entropy Penalty for Ligand Binding: Lessons from the Molecular Recognition of the Histo Blood‐Group Antigens by Human Galectin‐3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
| | - Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
| | - Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
| | | | - Javier Echavarren
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alessandra Lacetera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jesus Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science Maria Diaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Bizkaia Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV Leioa Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
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46
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Gimeno A, Delgado S, Valverde P, Bertuzzi S, Berbís MA, Echavarren J, Lacetera A, Martín-Santamaría S, Surolia A, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Minimizing the Entropy Penalty for Ligand Binding: Lessons from the Molecular Recognition of the Histo Blood-Group Antigens by Human Galectin-3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7268-7272. [PMID: 30942512 PMCID: PMC6619289 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ligand conformational entropy plays an important role in carbohydrate recognition events. Glycans are characterized by intrinsic flexibility around the glycosidic linkages, thus in most cases, loss of conformational entropy of the sugar upon complex formation strongly affects the entropy of the binding process. By employing a multidisciplinary approach combining structural, conformational, binding energy, and kinetic information, we investigated the role of conformational entropy in the recognition of the histo blood‐group antigens A and B by human galectin‐3, a lectin of biomedical interest. We show that these rigid natural antigens are pre‐organized ligands for hGal‐3, and that restriction of the conformational flexibility by the branched fucose (Fuc) residue modulates the thermodynamics and kinetics of the binding process. These results highlight the importance of glycan flexibility and provide inspiration for the design of high‐affinity ligands as antagonists for lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Manuel Alvaro Berbís
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Echavarren
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Lacetera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jesus Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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47
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Ghosh A, Banerjee A, Amzel LM, Vasta GR, Bianchet MA. Structure of the zebrafish galectin-1-L2 and model of its interaction with the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) envelope glycoprotein. Glycobiology 2019; 29:419-430. [PMID: 30834446 PMCID: PMC6476415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, highly conserved β-galactoside-binding lectins, have diverse regulatory roles in development and immune homeostasis and can mediate protective functions during microbial infection. In recent years, the role of galectins in viral infection has generated considerable interest. Studies on highly pathogenic viruses have provided invaluable insight into the participation of galectins in various stages of viral infection, including attachment and entry. Detailed mechanistic and structural aspects of these processes remain undetermined. To address some of these gaps in knowledge, we used Zebrafish as a model system to examine the role of galectins in infection by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a rhabdovirus that is responsible for significant losses in both farmed and wild salmonid fish. Like other rhabdoviruses, IHNV is characterized by an envelope consisting of trimers of a glycoprotein that display multiple N-linked oligosaccharides and play an integral role in viral infection by mediating the virus attachment and fusion. Zebrafish's proto-typical galectin Drgal1-L2 and the chimeric-type galectin Drgal3-L1 interact directly with the glycosylated envelope of IHNV, and significantly reduce viral attachment. In this study, we report the structure of the complex of Drgal1-L2 with N-acetyl-d-lactosamine at 2.0 Å resolution. To gain structural insight into the inhibitory effect of these galectins on IHNV attachment to the zebrafish epithelial cells, we modeled Drgal3-L1 based on human galectin-3, as well as, the ectodomain of the IHNV glycoprotein. These models suggest mechanisms for which the binding of these galectins to the IHNV glycoprotein hinders with different potencies the viral attachment required for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Current address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W408C, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA,Current address: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Structural Enzymology and Thermodynamics Group of the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mario A Bianchet
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Structural Enzymology and Thermodynamics Group of the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +1-410-614-8221; e-mail:
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48
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Miller MC, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Tai G, Mayo KH. Galectin-3 binds selectively to the terminal, non-reducing end of β(1→4)-galactans, with overall affinity increasing with chain length. Glycobiology 2019; 29:74-84. [PMID: 30204870 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactans are linear polysaccharides of β(1→4)-linked galactose residues. Although they can antagonize galectin function, the nature of their binding to galectins needs to be better defined to develop them as drugs. Here, we investigated interactions between galectin-3 (Gal-3) and a series of galactans ranging in weight average molecular weight from 670 to 7550 Da. 15N-1H HSQC NMR studies with 15N-labeled Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) indicate that each of these galactans interacts primarily with residues in β-strands 4, 5 and 6 on the canonical, β-galactoside sugar binding S-face. Although these galactans also bind to full length Gal-3 (CRD plus N-terminal tail) to the same extent, it appears that binding to the S-face attenuates interactions between the CRD F-face and N-terminal tail, making interpretation of site-specific binding unclear. Following assignment of galactan 13C and 1H resonances using HSQC, HMBC and TOCSY experiments, we used 13C-1H HSQC data to demonstrate that the Gal-3 CRD binds to the terminal, non-reducing end of these galactans, regardless of their size, but with binding affinity increasing as the galactan chain length increases. Overall, our findings increase understanding as to how galactans interact with Gal-3 at the non-reducing, terminal end of galactose-containing polysaccharides as found on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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49
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Kumar R, Peterson K, Misini Ignjatović M, Leffler H, Ryde U, Nilsson UJ, Logan DT. Substituted polyfluoroaryl interactions with an arginine side chain in galectin-3 are governed by steric-, desolvation and electronic conjugation effects. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1081-1089. [PMID: 30632578 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the β-d-galactopyranoside-binding protein galectin-3, synthetic inhibitors substituted at the 3-position of a thiodigalactoside core cause the formation of an aglycone binding pocket through the displacement of an arginine residue (Arg144) from its position in the apoprotein. To examine in detail the role of different molecular interactions in this pocket, we have synthesized a series of nine 3-(4-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-thiogalactosides with different para substituents and measured their affinities to galectin-3 using a fluorescence polarization assay. High-resolution crystal structures (<1.3 Å) have been determined for five of the ligands in complex with the C-terminal domain of galectin-3. The binding affinities are rationalised with the help of the three-dimensional structures and quantum-mechanical calculations. Three effects seem to be involved: Firstly, the binding pocket is too small for the largest ligands with ethyl and methyl. Secondly, for the other ligands, the affinity seems to be determined mainly by desolvation effects, disfavouring the polar substituents, but this is partly counteracted by the cation-π interaction with Arg144, which stacks on top of the substituted tetrafluorophenyl group in all complexes. The results provide detailed insight into interactions of fluorinated phenyl moieties with arginine-containing protein binding sites and the complex interplay of different energetic components in defining the binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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50
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Galectin-3, a novel endogenous TREM2 ligand, detrimentally regulates inflammatory response in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:251-273. [PMID: 31006066 PMCID: PMC6660511 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which the formation of extracellular aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, fibrillary tangles of intraneuronal tau and microglial activation are major pathological hallmarks. One of the key molecules involved in microglial activation is galectin-3 (gal3), and we demonstrate here for the first time a key role of gal3 in AD pathology. Gal3 was highly upregulated in the brains of AD patients and 5xFAD (familial Alzheimer's disease) mice and found specifically expressed in microglia associated with Aβ plaques. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the LGALS3 gene, which encodes gal3, were associated with an increased risk of AD. Gal3 deletion in 5xFAD mice attenuated microglia-associated immune responses, particularly those associated with TLR and TREM2/DAP12 signaling. In vitro data revealed that gal3 was required to fully activate microglia in response to fibrillar Aβ. Gal3 deletion decreased the Aβ burden in 5xFAD mice and improved cognitive behavior. Interestingly, a single intrahippocampal injection of gal3 along with Aβ monomers in WT mice was sufficient to induce the formation of long-lasting (2 months) insoluble Aβ aggregates, which were absent when gal3 was lacking. High-resolution microscopy (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) demonstrated close colocalization of gal3 and TREM2 in microglial processes, and a direct interaction was shown by a fluorescence anisotropy assay involving the gal3 carbohydrate recognition domain. Furthermore, gal3 was shown to stimulate TREM2-DAP12 signaling in a reporter cell line. Overall, our data support the view that gal3 inhibition may be a potential pharmacological approach to counteract AD.
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