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Kost J, Bleiziffer A, Rusitov D, Rühe J. Thermally Induced Cross-Linking of Polymers via C,H Insertion Cross-Linking (CHic) under Mild Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10108-10119. [PMID: 34132532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The focus of studies performed so far on the formation of surface-attached polymer networks by C,H insertion cross-linking (CHic) reaction has been largely on photochemical activation. This study describes the thermal activation of the formation of (surface-attached) polymer networks under comparably mild conditions. A novel cross-linker, based on a diazo phenyl ester group, is incorporated into various copolymers, which are subsequently deposited on solid substrates. Upon activation, the cross-linker moieties generate carbene intermediates, which lead to rapid, complete cross-linking of the whole film and simultaneous surface attachment to various organic materials via CHic. Although this system requires only comparably mild conditions (i.e., below 100 °C) to become activated, a long shelf life at room temperature is observed. The presented system might be useful in a wide range of applications, from coatings to rather complex geometries. We demonstrate the covalent binding of protein-repellent thin films to the inner surface of (rubber) tubes and the generation of patterned structures by a "branding iron" approach. For this a hot structure is pressed onto a diazo polymer coated surface, leading in the contact zone to fast cross-linking while in all other areas the polymer remains soluble and is washed off during subsequent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kost
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bleiziffer
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Rusitov
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Xu C, Gu FL, Zhu C. An excited-state Wolff rearrangement reaction of 5-diazo Meldrum's acid: an ab initio on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22681-22688. [PMID: 30137106 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A global switching on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping dynamics simulation at the 3SA-CASSCF(12,11)/6-31G* quantum level has been employed to probe the photo-induced Wolff rearrangement (WR) reaction of 5-diazo Meldrum's acid (DMA) within three low-lying electronic excited states. The present simulation predicted that the branching ratios for relaxing back to the ground state, isomerizing to diazirine, and reaction to ketene I via carbene I are 69% ± 0.1, 3% ± 0.4, and 28% ± 0.1, which are in excellent agreement with those obtained by the femtosecond spectroscopy experiment, 67%, 3% and 30%, respectively. In particular, the present simulation revealed that the major WR reaction to ketene I pathway is stepwise via the excited-state to carbene I (17.8% ± 0.2) and via the ground-state to carbene I (8.7% ± 0.2), and the minor pathway is concerted synchronous (1.5% ± 0.6). The photo-induced WR reaction of DMA has been quantitatively interpreted in terms of the distribution of extended seam surfaces as a function of CN dissociation bonds for two important conical intersections within three low-lying electronic excited states. Ultrafast dynamic time constants have been estimated to be about 500 fs ± 120 fs and 180 fs ± 80 fs for the stepwise and the concerted WR reaction to ketene I which are also in good agreement with those determined by the experiment. Therefore, the photo-induced excited-state WR reaction mechanism has been quantitatively revealed by the present real-time dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China.
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3
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Rodina LL, Azarova XV, Medvedev JJ, Semenok DV, Nikolaev VA. Novel photochemical reactions of carbocyclic diazodiketones without elimination of nitrogen - a suitable way to N-hydrazonation of C-H-bonds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2250-2258. [PMID: 30202479 PMCID: PMC6122312 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensitized photoexcitation of 2-diazocyclopentane-1,3-diones in the presence of THF leads to the insertion of the terminal N-atom of the diazo group into the α-С-Н bond of THF, producing the associated N-alkylhydrazones in yields of up to 63-71%. Further irradiation of hydrazones derived from furan-fused tricyclic diazocyclopentanediones culminates in the cycloelimination of furans to yield 2-N-(alkyl)hydrazone of cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione. By contrast, the direct photolysis of carbocyclic diazodiketones gives only Wolff rearrangement products with up to 90-97% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila L Rodina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St-Petersburg State University, 26 University pr., 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Xenia V Azarova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St-Petersburg State University, 26 University pr., 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jury J Medvedev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St-Petersburg State University, 26 University pr., 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrij V Semenok
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026, Moscow, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel st., Russia
| | - Valerij A Nikolaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St-Petersburg State University, 26 University pr., 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Xu GD, Huang ZZ. A Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade C–H functionalization/cyclization reaction of salicylaldehydes with diazomalonates for the synthesis of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04576c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A cascade C–H functionalization/cyclization reaction of salicylaldehydes with α-diazomalonates has been developed for the synthesis of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives under rhodium(iii) catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
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5
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Kotrade PF, Rühe J. Malonic Acid Diazoesters for C−H Insertion Crosslinking (CHic) Reactions: A Versatile Method for the Generation of Tailor-Made Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip F. Kotrade
- Department of Mircosystems Engineering (IMTEK); University Freiburg; Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Mircosystems Engineering (IMTEK); University Freiburg; Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany
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6
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Kotrade PF, Rühe J. Malonic Acid Diazoesters for C−H Insertion Crosslinking (CHic) Reactions: A Versatile Method for the Generation of Tailor-Made Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14405-14410. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip F. Kotrade
- Department of Mircosystems Engineering (IMTEK); University Freiburg; Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Mircosystems Engineering (IMTEK); University Freiburg; Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany
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7
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Satumov ET, Medvedev JJ, Nilov DI, Sandzhieva MA, Boyarskaya IA, Nikolaev VA, Vasilyev AV. Protonation and transformations of α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds in superacids: generation of the strongest carbon-centered cationic electrophiles at the protonation of diazomalonates in Friedel–Crafts reactions. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Li H, Migani A, Blancafort L, Li Q, Li Z. Early events in the photochemistry of 5-diazo Meldrum's acid: formation of a product manifold in C–N bound and pre-dissociated intersection seam regions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30785-30793. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photolysis of 5-diazo Meldrum's acid yields three different primary products in a sub-ps scale. High-level computations show that this is due to the presence of an extended seam of intersection associated to different reaction paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
| | - Annapaola Migani
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Campus UAB
- 08193 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Facultat de Ciències
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Quansong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
| | - Zesheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
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9
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Mereshchenko AS, Ivanov AV, Baranovskii VI, Mloston G, Rodina LL, Nikolaev VA. On the strong difference in reactivity of acyclic and cyclic diazodiketones with thioketones: experimental results and quantum-chemical interpretation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:504-13. [PMID: 25977725 PMCID: PMC4419510 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of acyclic 2-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (DDC) and thioketones preferably occurs with Z,E-conformers and leads to the formation of transient thiocarbonyl ylides in two stages. The thermodynamically favorable further transformation of C=S ylides bearing at least one acyl group is identified as the 1,5-electrocyclization into 1,3-oxathioles. However, in the case of diazomalonates, the dominating process is 1,3-cyclization into thiiranes followed by their spontaneous desulfurization yielding the corresponding alkenes. Finally, carbocyclic diazodiketones are much less reactive under similar conditions due to the locked cyclic structure and are unfavorable for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition due to the Z,Z-conformation of the diazo molecule. This structure results in high, positive values of the Gibbs free energy change for the first stage of the cycloaddition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Mereshchenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, University prosp., 26, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, University prosp., 26, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor I Baranovskii
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, University prosp., 26, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Grzegorz Mloston
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ludmila L Rodina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, University prosp., 26, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valerij A Nikolaev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, University prosp., 26, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Lang M, Holzmeier F, Fischer I, Hemberger P. Decomposition of diazomeldrum's acid: a threshold photoelectron spectroscopy study. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11235-43. [PMID: 25369422 DOI: 10.1021/jp509324w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of meldrum's acid are known precursors for a number of reactive intermediates. Therefore, we investigate diazomeldrum's acid (DMA) and its pyrolysis products by photoionization using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation. The threshold photoelectron spectrum of DMA yields an ionization energy (IE) of 9.68 eV. Several channels for dissociative photoionization are observed. The first one is associated with loss of CH3, leading to a daughter ion with m/z = 155. Its appearance energy AE0K was determined to be 10.65 eV by fitting the experimental data using statistical theory. A second parallel channel leads to m/z = 69, corresponding to N2CHCO, with an AE0K of 10.72 eV. Several other channels open up at higher energy, among them the formation of acetone cation, a channel expected to be the result of a Wolff-rearrangement (WR) in the cation. When diazomeldrum's acid is heated in a pyrolysis reactor, three thermal decomposition pathways are observed. The major one is well-known and yields acetone, N2 and CO as consequence of the WR. However, two further channels were identified: The formation of 2-diazoethenone, NNCCO, together with acetone and CO2 as the second channel and E-formylketene (OCCHCHCO), propyne, N2 and O2 as a third one. 2-Diazoethenone and E-formylketene were identified based on their threshold photoelectron spectra and accurate ionization energies could be determined. Ionization energies for several isomers of both molecules were also computed. One of the key findings of this study is that acetone is observed upon decomposition of DMA in the neutral as well as in the ion and both point to a Wolff rearrangement to occur. However, the ion is subject to other decomposition channels favored at lower internal energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Steinbacher A, Roeding S, Brixner T, Nuernberger P. Ultrafast photofragment ion spectroscopy of the Wolff rearrangement in 5-diazo Meldrum's acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7290-8. [PMID: 24618843 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the gas-phase photochemistry of 5-diazo Meldrum's acid (DMA), a photoactive compound used in lithography, by femtosecond photofragment ion spectroscopy. Transient-absorption studies in solution had revealed an ultrafast intramolecular Wolff rearrangement to a ketene after UV excitation, followed by reactions which also involve the solvent. Due to the absence of solvent molecules in this gas-phase study, we are able to focus purely on the photochemistry of the Wolff rearrangement and subsequent reaction steps. The observation of the time-resolved photofragment ion signals allows us to discriminate the dynamics of ketene and carbene products. By identification of the different possible molecular origins for a certain fragment ion signal, the time scale of the Wolff rearrangement and the lifetime of the ketene product are inferred. We further identified experimental signatures of a second Wolff rearrangement emanating from the carbene product, as had been conjectured indirectly for this molecule from pyrolysis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steinbacher
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Gerbig D, Ley D. Computational methods for contemporary carbene chemistry. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Korneev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, University prosp. 26, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
- Current address: Institute of Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany, Fax: +49‐541‐969‐2370, E‐mail: skorneev@uni‐osnabrueck.de
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15
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Qin W, Xu Y, Liu H, Ren L, Yang C. Flotation and Surface Behavior of Cassiterite with Salicylhydroxamic Acid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Qin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangbao Xu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyi Ren
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Congren Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
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16
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Burdzinski G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Platz MS. Concerted Wolff Rearrangement in Two Simple Acyclic Diazocarbonyl Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:13065-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108690n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gotard Burdzinski
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 85 Umultowska, Poznan 61-614, Poland, and Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 85 Umultowska, Poznan 61-614, Poland, and Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Jin Wang
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 85 Umultowska, Poznan 61-614, Poland, and Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Matthew S. Platz
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 85 Umultowska, Poznan 61-614, Poland, and Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
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17
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Rudolf P, Buback J, Aulbach J, Nuernberger P, Brixner T. Ultrafast Multisequential Photochemistry of 5-Diazo Meldrum’s Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:15213-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1025529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rudolf
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Buback
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Aulbach
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Köpke T, Pink M, Zaleski JM. Expansion by Contraction: Diversifying the Photochemical Reactivity Scope of Diazo-oxochlorins toward Development of in Situ Alkylating Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15864-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja800094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Köpke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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19
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Givens RS, Yousef AL, Yang S, Timberlake GT. Collagen cross linking agents: design and development of a multifunctional cross linker. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:185-92. [PMID: 18173719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new cross linking reagent based on the first-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (G.1 PAMAM) has been synthesized by reaction of the PAMAM with eight equivalents of p-nitrophenyl diazopyruvate. The resulting water-soluble octadiazopyruvoyl PAMAM (8G.1 DAP, 1.3) was shown to undergo Wolff rearrangements upon photolysis in methanol at lambda > 300 nm to yield the methyl esters of the ketenes formed from the loss of nitrogen. 8G.1 DAP also forms strong bonds with dehydrated collagen with glass as high as 36 N cm(-2). Collagen to collagen bonds with tensile strengths as high as 92 N cm(-2) were observed with fully dehydrated tissues. The bonding decreased rapidly with increasingly hydrated tissue possibly due to the increased distance between the collagen fibrils and the competition of H2O for the free ketene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Givens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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20
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Stoffregen SA, Heying M, Jenks WS. S,C-Sulfonium Ylides from Thiophenes: Potential Carbene Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15746-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja076351w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Heying
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - William S. Jenks
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
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21
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Sudrik SG, Sharma J, Chavan VB, Chaki NK, Sonawane HR, Vijayamohanan KP. Wolff Rearrangement of α-Diazoketones Using in Situ Generated Silver Nanoclusters as Electron Mediators. Org Lett 2006; 8:1089-92. [PMID: 16524275 DOI: 10.1021/ol052981w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] We report Wolff rearrangement of alpha-diazoketones by in situ generated silver nanoclusters (Ag(n)(), 2-4 nm) from silver(I) oxide (Ag(2)O) involving a nonclassical electron-transfer process. Our results show that Ag(n)()(+)/Ag(n)()(0) redox couple allows the initial removal of an electron from alpha-diazoketone and its back-donation after chemical reaction(s). Controlled potential coulometry (CPC) of various alpha-diazoketones results in the realization of Wolff-rearranged carboxylic acids in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra G Sudrik
- Division of Organic Chemistry Technology, Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, and Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
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Bogdanova A, Perkovic MW, Popik VV. Structure and Photochemistry of 18-Diazo-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclononadeca-17,19-dione and Its Sodium and Potassium Complexes. Control of the Ground-State Conformation of 2-Diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl Fragment via Host−Guest Complexation. J Org Chem 2005; 70:9867-73. [PMID: 16292817 DOI: 10.1021/jo051594x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The macrocyclic 18-diazo-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclononadeca-17,19-dione (3-diazo-2,4-dioxo-19-crown-6, 1) readily forms complexes with potassium (2, stability constant in methanol is K(K+) = 229 +/- 25 M(-1)) and sodium ions (3, K(Na+) = 84.2 +/- 7.9 M(-1) in methanol). According to B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) calculations and temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy, the predominant conformation of 1 has a Z,Z arrangement of the diazo and carbonyl groups. The X-ray crystal structure analysis showed that the potassium complex (2) has the same Z,Z arrangement, while the sodium analogue (2) exists in conformation with Z,E geometry of the diazodicarbonyl moiety. Direct 254 nm photolysis of diazo compounds 1-3 in methanol results in the formation of 3-methoxy-2,4-dioxo-19-crown-6 (5), the product of the insertion of corresponding alpha,alpha'-dicarbonylcarbene into the O-H bond of the solvent. The triplet-sensitized photolysis of diazomalonates 1-3 produces 2,4-dioxo-19-crown-6 (6), which is apparently formed via the triplet state of the intervening carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Bogdanova
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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