1
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Han S, Samony KL, Nabi RN, Bache CA, Kim DK. Hydrotrifluoroacetylation of Alkenes via Designer Masked Acyl Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11530-11536. [PMID: 37192402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of its impressive ability to promote pharmaceutical activity, the introduction of trifluoromethylacyl (CF3CO) functionality into organic compounds has become an important and growing research area. Although various protocols have been developed to access trifluoroketones, the use of trifluoroacetyl radicals remains virtually undeveloped. Herein, we disclose a novel method for trifluoroacetylation through an umpolung reagent, thereby transforming an electrophilic radical into a nucleophilic radical. The applicability of this transformation is highlighted by large-scale, late-stage reactions of complex bioactive molecules sclareolide and loratadine. Furthermore, the direct transformation of trifluoromethyl ketones into various fluorinated analogues illustrates the potential synthetic application of our developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangil Han
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Kyra L Samony
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Rifat N Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Campbell A Bache
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Daniel K Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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2
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Structure units oriented approach towards collective synthesis of sarpagine-ajmaline-koumine type alkaloids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:908. [PMID: 35177620 PMCID: PMC8854706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarpagine-Ajmaline-Koumine type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids represent a fascinating class of natural products with polycyclic and cage-like structures, interesting biological activities, and related biosynthetic origins. Herein we report a unified approach towards the asymmetric synthesis of these three types of alkaloids, leading to a collective synthesis of 14 natural alkaloids. Among them, akuammidine, 19-Z-akuammidine, vincamedine, vincarine, quebrachidine, vincamajine, alstiphylianine J, and dihydrokoumine are accomplished for the first time. Features of our synthesis are a new Mannich-type cyclization to construct the key indole-fused azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane common intermediate, a SmI2 mediated coupling to fuse the aza-bridged E-ring, stereoselective olefinations to install either the 19-E or 19-Z terminal alkenes presented in the natural alkaloids, and an efficient iodo-induced cyclization to establish the two vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers in the Koumine-type alkaloids.
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3
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Decatungstate as a direct hydrogen atom transfer photocatalyst for synthesis of trifluromethylthioesters from aldehydes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Niu ZJ, Li LH, Li XS, Liu HC, Shi WY, Liang YM. Formation of o-Allyl- and Allenyl-Modified Amides via Intermolecular Claisen Rearrangement. Org Lett 2021; 23:1315-1320. [PMID: 33534590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new transition-metal-free intermolecular Claisen rearrangement process to introduce allyl and allenyl groups into the α position of tertiary amides. In this transformation, amides were activated by trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to produce the keteniminium ion intermediates that exhibit strong electrophilic activity. This atom-economical process delivers α position-modified amides under mild conditions in moderate to good yields and showcases a broad substrate compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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5
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Zhou R, Ma L, Yang X, Cao J. Recent advances in visible-light photocatalytic deuteration reactions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01299h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in visible-light photocatalytic deuteration of X–H, C–halogen, CC, and other bonds for the synthesis of deuterium-labeled organic molecules have been summarized according to the type of bond deuterated in the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiaona Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Jilei Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- China
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6
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Sun JT, Chen LY, Wei BG. Samarium Diiodide Promoted the Addition-Ring-Opening Reaction of 2-Piperidinone with α, β-Unsaturated Esters. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Boit TB, Bulger AS, Dander JE, Garg NK. Activation of C-O and C-N Bonds Using Non-Precious-Metal Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12109-12126. [PMID: 33868770 PMCID: PMC8049354 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Boit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ana S Bulger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob E Dander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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8
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Dong J, Wang X, Wang Z, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Formyl-selective deuteration of aldehydes with D 2O via synergistic organic and photoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1026-1031. [PMID: 34084358 PMCID: PMC8145436 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05132e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl-selective deuteration of aldehydes is of high interest for labeling purposes and for optimizing properties of drug candidates. Herein, we report a mild general method for formyl-selective deuterium labeling of aldehydes with D2O, an inexpensive deuterium source, via a synergistic combination of light-driven, polyoxometalate-facilitated hydrogen atom transfer and thiol catalysis. This highly efficient, scalable reaction showed excellent deuterium incorporation, a broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance and selectivity and is therefore a practical method for late-stage modification of synthetic intermediates in medicinal chemistry and for generating libraries of deuterated compounds. Formyl-selective deuteration of aldehydes with D2O mediated by the synergistic combination of light-driven, polyoxometalate-facilitated HAT and thiol catalysis is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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9
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Sinast M, Zuccolo M, Wischnat J, Sube T, Hasnik F, Baro A, Dallavalle S, Laschat S. Samarium Iodide-Promoted Asymmetric Reformatsky Reaction of 3-(2-Haloacyl)-2-oxazolidinones with Enals. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10050-10064. [PMID: 31343175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3-(2-Haloacyl)-2-oxazolidinones were shown to react with enals in an asymmetric SmI2-promoted Reformatsky reaction to give stereochemically well-defined 3-hydroxy-4-alkenyl- and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-alkenyl imides. Chirality transfer of the Evans (S)-oxazolidinone unit via a Zimmerman-Traxler-like transition state resulted in Reformatsky products with a relative syn-configuration. The absolute configuration of compounds obtained is opposite to the corresponding products obtained via aldol addition of boron enolates to enals using the same Evans oxazolidinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Sinast
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Marco Zuccolo
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany.,Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Jonathan Wischnat
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Tobias Sube
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Fabian Hasnik
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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10
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Westwood MT, Lamb CJC, Sutherland DR, Lee AL. Metal-, Photocatalyst-, and Light-Free Direct C–H Acylation and Carbamoylation of Heterocycles. Org Lett 2019; 21:7119-7123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Westwood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U. K
| | - Claire J. C. Lamb
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U. K
| | - Daniel R. Sutherland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U. K
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U. K
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11
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Kaiser D, Bauer A, Lemmerer M, Maulide N. Amide activation: an emerging tool for chemoselective synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7899-7925. [PMID: 30152510 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is textbook knowledge that carboxamides benefit from increased stabilisation of the electrophilic carbonyl carbon when compared to other carbonyl and carboxyl derivatives. This results in a considerably reduced reactivity towards nucleophiles. Accordingly, a perception has been developed of amides as significantly less useful functional handles than their ester and acid chloride counterparts. However, a significant body of research on the selective activation of amides to achieve powerful transformations under mild conditions has emerged over the past decades. This review article aims at placing electrophilic amide activation in both a historical context and in that of natural product synthesis, highlighting the synthetic applications and the potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Xu SM, Chen JQ, Liu D, Bao Y, Liang YM, Xu PF. Aroyl chlorides as novel acyl radical precursors via visible-light photoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00012j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abundant and inexpensive aroyl chlorides have been employed for the first time as novel acyl radical precursors in visible-light photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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13
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Shi S, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Highly Chemoselective Synthesis of Indolizidine Lactams by SmI2
-Induced Umpolung of the Amide Bond via Aminoketyl Radicals: Efficient Entry to Alkaloid Scaffolds. Chemistry 2016; 22:11949-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry; Rutgers University; 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry; Rutgers University; 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry; Wroclaw University; 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street Wroclaw 50-383 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry; Rutgers University; 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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14
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McDonald CE, Ramsey JD, McAtee CC, Mauck JR, Hale EM, Cumens JA. The Use of Ureates as Activators for Samarium Diiodide. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5903-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chriss E. McDonald
- Department
of Chemistry, Lycoming College, 700 College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Ramsey
- Department
of Chemistry, Lycoming College, 700 College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Christopher C. McAtee
- Department
of Chemistry, Lycoming College, 700 College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Joseph R. Mauck
- Department
of Chemistry, Lycoming College, 700 College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Erin M. Hale
- Department
of Chemistry, Lycoming College, 700 College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Justin A. Cumens
- Department
of Chemistry, Lycoming College, 700 College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
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15
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Chow SY, Stevens MY, Åkerbladh L, Bergman S, Odell LR. Mild and Low-Pressurefac-Ir(ppy)3-Mediated Radical Aminocarbonylation of Unactivated Alkyl Iodides through Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:9155-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao Y. Chow
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marc Y. Stevens
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Linda Åkerbladh
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sara Bergman
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
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16
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Shi S, Szostak M. Aminoketyl Radicals in Organic Synthesis: Stereoselective Cyclization of Five- and Six-Membered Cyclic Imides to 2-Azabicycles Using SmI2–H2O. Org Lett 2015; 17:5144-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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17
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Jiang J, Ramozzi R, Moteki S, Usui A, Maruoka K, Morokuma K. Mechanism of Metal-Free C–H Activation of Branched Aldehydes and Acylation of Alkenes Using Hypervalent Iodine Compound: A Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9264-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julong Jiang
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho
34-4, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho
34-4, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shin Moteki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Asuka Usui
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho
34-4, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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18
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Shen M, Tu Y, Xie G, Niu Q, Mao H, Xie T, Flowers RA, Lv X, Wang X. Allylsamarium Bromide-Mediated Cascade Cyclization of Homoallylic Esters. Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyalkyl)cyclopropanols and 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-1-ols. J Org Chem 2015; 80:52-61. [PMID: 25427109 DOI: 10.1021/jo501797w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In continuation of our previous study on the intramolecular reductive coupling of simple homoallylic esters promoted by allylSmBr/HMPA/H2O, which afforded a facile synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyalkyl)cyclopropanols, here we report the reductive cascade cyclization of but-3-enyl but-3-enoates mediated by allylSmBr/HMPA/CuCl2·2H2O, in which the two C═C bonds were successively coupled to allow the construction of the structurally interesting bridged bicyclic tertiary alcohols. Thus, the 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-1-ols were prepared in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Shen
- †Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Tu
- †Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Xie
- †Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Niu
- †Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- †Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xie
- †Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert A Flowers
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Xin Lv
- †Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- †Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
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19
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Jia X, Zhang X, Qian Q, Gong H. Alkyl–aryl ketone synthesis via nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkyl halides with aryl acids and anhydrides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10302-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficient construction of alkyl–aryl ketones can be readily achieved from the reductive coupling of unactivated alkyl and 1-glycosyl bromides with 1.5 equiv. of aryl acids and their anhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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20
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Zhao Y, Wong YC, Yeung YY. An Unexpected 2,3-Dihydrofuran Derivative Ring Opening Initiated by Electrophilic Bromination: Scope and Mechanistic Study. J Org Chem 2014; 80:453-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ying-Chieh Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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21
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Lv L, Lu S, Guo Q, Shen B, Li Z. Iron-Catalyzed Acylation-Oxygenation of Terminal Alkenes for the Synthesis of Dihydrofurans Bearing a Quaternary Carbon. J Org Chem 2014; 80:698-704. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502535k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shenglin Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qiaoxia Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Baojian Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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22
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Zhao C, Jia X, Wang X, Gong H. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Acids with Unactivated Tertiary Alkyl and Glycosyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17645-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510653n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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23
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Szostak M, Spain M, Eberhart AJ, Procter DJ. Mechanism of SmI2/Amine/H2O-Promoted Chemoselective Reductions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (Esters, Acids, and Amides) to Alcohols. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11988-2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5018525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Eberhart
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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24
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Ketyl-Type Radicals from Cyclic and Acyclic Esters are Stabilized by SmI2(H2O)n: The Role of SmI2(H2O)n in Post-Electron Transfer Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8459-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL United Kingdom
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25
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Szostak M, Fazakerley NJ, Parmar D, Procter DJ. Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Samarium(II) Iodide. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5959-6039. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400685r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Neal J. Fazakerley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dixit Parmar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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26
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. On the role of pre- and post-electron-transfer steps in the SmI2 /amine/H(2)O-mediated reduction of esters: new mechanistic insights and kinetic studies. Chemistry 2014; 20:4222-6. [PMID: 24615806 PMCID: PMC4497321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the SmI2 -mediated reduction of unactivated esters has been studied using a combination of kinetic, radical clocks and reactivity experiments. The kinetic data indicate that all reaction components (SmI2 , amine, H2 O) are involved in the rate equation and that electron transfer is facilitated by Brønsted base assisted deprotonation of water in the transition state. The use of validated cyclopropyl-containing radical clocks demonstrates that the reaction occurs via fast, reversible first electron transfer, and that the electron transfer from simple Sm(II) complexes to aliphatic esters is rapid. Notably, the mechanistic details presented herein indicate that complexation between SmI2 , H2 O and amines affords a new class of structurally diverse, thermodynamically powerful reductants for efficient electron transfer to carboxylic acid derivatives as an attractive alternative to the classical hydride-mediated reductions and as a source of acyl-radical equivalents for CC bond forming processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK), Fax: (+44) 161-275-4939
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK), Fax: (+44) 161-275-4939
| | - David J Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK), Fax: (+44) 161-275-4939
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27
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Determination of the Effective Redox Potentials of SmI2, SmBr2, SmCl2, and their Complexes with Water by Reduction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Reduction of Anthracene and Stilbene by Samarium(II) Iodide–Water Complex. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2522-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4028243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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28
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Szostak M, Lyons SE, Spain M, Procter DJ. Mechanistic investigation of the selective reduction of Meldrum's acids to β-hydroxy acids using SmI2and H2O. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8391-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03216k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Malcho P, García-Suárez EJ, Riisager A. Ionic liquids as recyclable and separable reaction media in Rh-catalyzed decarbonylation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been applied as recyclable reaction media in the decarbonylation of aldehydes in the presence of a rhodium–phosphine complex catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Malcho
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eduardo J. García-Suárez
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Riisager
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Malcho P, Garcia-Suarez EJ, Mentzel UV, Engelbrekt C, Riisager A. Supported Rh-phosphine complex catalysts for continuous gas-phase decarbonylation of aldehydes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17230-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous silica supported rhodium-phosphine complex catalysts are employed for the first time in the catalytic decarbonylation of aldehydes in the continuous gas-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Malcho
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eduardo J. Garcia-Suarez
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Uffe Vie Mentzel
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Riisager
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby, Denmark
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31
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Szostak M, Sautier B, Spain M, Behlendorf M, Procter DJ. Selective reduction of barbituric acids using SmI2/H2O: synthesis, reactivity, and structural analysis of tetrahedral adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12559-63. [PMID: 24123558 PMCID: PMC4065343 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Brice Sautier
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK)
| | | | | | - David J Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK)
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32
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Szostak M, Sautier B, Spain M, Behlendorf M, Procter DJ. Selective Reduction of Barbituric Acids Using SmI2/H2O: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Structural Analysis of Tetrahedral Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Uncovering the importance of proton donors in TmI2-promoted electron transfer: facile C-N bond cleavage in unactivated amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7237-41. [PMID: 23828793 PMCID: PMC4265963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK)
| | - David J Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK)
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34
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Uncovering the Importance of Proton Donors in TmI2-Promoted Electron Transfer: Facile CN Bond Cleavage in Unactivated Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Požgan F, Štefane B, Kiđemet D, Smodiš J, Zupet R. The synthesis of 12-membered macrocycles containing a C1–C8 alkene unit via ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Li BJ, Wang HY, Zhu QL, Shi ZJ. Rhodium/Copper-Catalyzed Annulation of Benzimides with Internal Alkynes: Indenone Synthesis through Sequential CH and CN Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3948-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Li BJ, Wang HY, Zhu QL, Shi ZJ. Rhodium/Copper-Catalyzed Annulation of Benzimides with Internal Alkynes: Indenone Synthesis through Sequential CH and CN Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Szostak M, Collins KD, Fazakerley NJ, Spain M, Procter DJ. A general electron transfer reduction of lactones using SmI2–H2O. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5820-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob00017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Szostak M, Spain M, Parmar D, Procter DJ. Selective reductive transformations using samarium diiodide-water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:330-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Rodrigues CA, de Matos MN, Guerreiro BM, Gonçalves AM, Romão CC, Afonso CA. Water as efficient medium for mild decarbonylation of tertiary aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Upadhyay SK, Hoz S. The Effect of Proton Donors on the Facial Stereoselectivity in SmI2 Reduction of Norcamphor. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1355-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1023206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shmaryahu Hoz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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42
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Electron transfer reduction of unactivated esters using SmI2–H2O. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10254-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Taaning RH, Lindsay KB, Skrydstrup T. Some unusual reactivities in the SmI2-mediated reductive coupling of acrylamides and acrylates with imides. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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45
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Nicolaou K, Ellery S, Chen J. Samariumdiiodid-vermittelte Reaktionen in der Totalsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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Mittag T, Otzen DE, Nielsen NC, Skrydstrup T. Synthesis of a Ketomethylene Isostere of the Fibrillating Peptide SNNFGAILSS. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7955-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mittag
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Chr. Nielsen
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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47
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Taaning RH, Lindsay KB, Schiøtt B, Daasbjerg K, Skrydstrup T. Importance of C−N Bond Rotation in N-Acyl Oxazolidinones in their SmI2-Promoted Coupling to Acrylamides. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10253-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903401y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf H. Taaning
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karl B. Lindsay
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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48
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Tzirakis MD, Orfanopoulos M. Acyl radical reactions in fullerene chemistry: direct acylation of [60]fullerene through an efficient decatungstate-photomediated approach. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4063-9. [PMID: 19292491 DOI: 10.1021/ja808658b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A versatile and highly efficient photochemical methodology for the direct acylation of C(60) has been developed. This approach utilizes a wide variety of acyl radicals derived from aldehydes through a hydrogen atom abstraction process mediated by tetrabutylammonium decatungstate [(n-Bu(4)N)(4)W(10)O(32)]. The single addition reaction of these acyl radicals to [60]fullerene proceeded selectively to afford a novel class of previously unexplored fullerene-based materials. Product analysis of this reaction showed that decarbonylation and acylation pathways compete when a tertiary or phenylacetyl aldehyde is the starting material. However, a decrease of the reaction temperature was found to be effective in overcoming the decarbonylation encountered in certain acyl radical additions to C(60); the carbonyl radical addition precedes decarbonylation even in the cases where the decarbonylation rate constant exceeds 10(6) s(-1) (i.e., phenylacetaldehyde). The regiochemistry of the t-butyl radical addition was also found to be thermally controlled. The present methodology is directly applicable even in the cases of the cyclopropyl-substituted aldehydes, where rapid rearrangement of the cyclopropyl acyl radical intermediate can potentially occur. A mechanistic approach for this new reactivity of C(60) has been also provided, based mainly on intra- and intermolecular deuterium isotope effect studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis D Tzirakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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49
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Kundu PK, Ghosh SK. Magnesium-mediated intramolecular reductive coupling: a stereoselective synthesis of C2-symmetric 3,4-bis-silyl-substituted adipic acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4611-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b910784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Wu SF, Zheng X, Ruan YP, Huang PQ. A new approach to 3-hydroxyprolinol derivatives by samarium diiodide-mediated reductive coupling of chiral nitrone with carbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2967-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b906224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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