1
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Bregnhøj M, Thorning F, Ogilby PR. Singlet Oxygen Photophysics: From Liquid Solvents to Mammalian Cells. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9949-10051. [PMID: 39106038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, O2, has long provided a cornerstone for studies in chemistry, physics, and biology. Although the triplet ground state, O2(X3Σg-), has garnered much attention, the lowest excited electronic state, O2(a1Δg), commonly called singlet oxygen, has attracted appreciable interest, principally because of its unique chemical reactivity in systems ranging from the Earth's atmosphere to biological cells. Because O2(a1Δg) can be produced and deactivated in processes that involve light, the photophysics of O2(a1Δg) are equally important. Moreover, pathways for O2(a1Δg) deactivation that regenerate O2(X3Σg-), which address fundamental principles unto themselves, kinetically compete with the chemical reactions of O2(a1Δg) and, thus, have practical significance. Due to technological advances (e.g., lasers, optical detectors, microscopes), data acquired in the past ∼20 years have increased our understanding of O2(a1Δg) photophysics appreciably and facilitated both spatial and temporal control over the behavior of O2(a1Δg). One goal of this Review is to summarize recent developments that have broad ramifications, focusing on systems in which oxygen forms a contact complex with an organic molecule M (e.g., a liquid solvent). An important concept is the role played by the M+•O2-• charge-transfer state in both the formation and deactivation of O2(a1Δg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frederik Thorning
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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2
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Singh A, Pakhira S. Synergistic Niobium Doped Two-Dimensional Zirconium Diselenide: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for O 2 Reduction Reaction. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:40-56. [PMID: 38283785 PMCID: PMC10811770 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-activity and low-price cathodic catalysts to facilitate the electrochemically sluggish O2 reduction reaction (ORR) is very important to achieve the commercial application of fuel cells. Here, we have investigated the electrocatalytic activity of the two-dimensional single-layer Nb-doped zirconium diselenide (2D Nb-ZrSe2) toward ORR by employing the dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) method. Through our study, we computed structural properties, electronic properties, and energetics of the 2D Nb-ZrSe2 and ORR intermediates to analyze the electrocatalytic performance of 2D Nb-ZrSe2. The electronic property calculations depict that the 2D monolayer ZrSe2 has a large band gap of 1.48 eV, which is not favorable for the ORR mechanism. After the doping of Nb, the electronic band gap vanishes, and 2D Nb-ZrSe2 acts as a conductor. We studied both the dissociative and the associative pathways through which the ORR can proceed to reduce the oxygen molecule (O2). Our results show that the more favorable path for O2 reduction on the surface of the 2D Nb-ZrSe2 is the 4e- associative path. The detailed ORR mechanisms (both associated and dissociative) have been explored by computing the changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔG). All of the ORR reaction intermediate steps are thermodynamically stable and energetically favorable. The free energy profile for the associative path shows the downhill behavior of the free energy vs the reaction steps, suggesting that all ORR intermediate structures are catalytically active for the 4e- associative path and a high 4e- reduction pathway selectivity. Therefore, 2D Nb-ZrSe2 is a promising catalyst for the ORR, which can be used as an alternative ORR catalyst compared to expensive platinum (Pt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Singh
- Theoretical
Condensed Matter Physics and Advanced Computational Materials Science
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore-453552, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Theoretical
Condensed Matter Physics and Advanced Computational Materials Science
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore-453552, Madhya Pradesh India
- Theoretical
Condensed Matter Physics and Advanced Computational Materials Science
Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore-453552, Madhya Pradesh India
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3
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Hovan A, Pevna V, Huntosova V, Miskovsky P, Bánó G. Singlet oxygen lifetime changes in dying glioblastoma cells. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:159-171. [PMID: 37357990 DOI: 10.1111/php.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved phosphorescence detection was employed to determine the lifetime of singlet oxygen in live cells. Using hypericin as a photosensitizer, singlet oxygen was generated in U87MG glioblastoma cells. The phosphorescence of singlet oxygen was detected in aqueous cell suspensions following pulsed laser excitation. Our goal was to eliminate or reduce the problems associated with lifetime measurements in water-based cell suspensions. The apparatus enabled simultaneous singlet oxygen phosphorescence and transient absorption measurements, reducing uncertainty in lifetime estimation. The changes in singlet oxygen lifetime were observed during early and late apoptosis induced by photodynamic action. Our findings show that the effective lifetime of singlet oxygen in the intracellular space of the studied glioblastoma cells is 0.4 μs and increases to 1.5 μs as apoptosis progresses. Another group of hypericin, presumably located in the membrane blebs and the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells, generates singlet oxygen with a lifetime of 1.9 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viktoria Pevna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Miskovsky
- Cassovia New Industry Cluster, Košice, Slovak Republic
- SAFTRA Photonics Ltd., Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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4
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Zong Y, Chen L, Zeng Y, Xu J, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu W, Wu D. Do We Appropriately Detect and Understand Singlet Oxygen Possibly Generated in Advanced Oxidation Processes by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37311080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using sterically hindered amine is extensively applied to detect singlet oxygen (1O2) possibly generated in advanced oxidation processes. However, EPR-detectable 1O2 signals were observed in not only the 1O2-dominated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/hypochlorite (NaClO) reaction but surprisingly also the 1O2-absent Fe(II)/H2O2, UV/H2O2, and ferrate [Fe(VI)] process with even stronger intensities. By taking advantage of the characteristic reaction between 1O2 and 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene and near-infrared phosphorescent emission of 1O2, 1O2 was excluded in the Fe(II)/H2O2, UV/H2O2, and Fe(VI) process. The false detection of 1O2 was ascribed to the direct oxidation of hindered amine to piperidyl radical by reactive species [e.g., •OH and Fe(VI)/Fe(V)/Fe(IV)] via hydrogen transfer, followed by molecular oxygen addition (forming a piperidylperoxyl radical) and back reaction with piperidyl radical to generate a nitroxide radical, as evidenced by the successful identification of a piperidyl radical intermediate at 100 K and theoretical calculations. Moreover, compared to the highly oxidative species (e.g., •OH and high-valence Fe), the much lower reactivity of 1O2 and the profound nonradiative relaxation of 1O2 in H2O resulted it too selective and inefficient in organic contaminant destruction. This study demonstrated that EPR-based 1O2 detection could be remarkably misled by common oxidative species and thereby jeopardize the understandings on 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Long Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunqiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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5
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Yu K, Pan J, Tian M, Zhang H, Jin C, Zhang H, Mao Z, He Q. Unusual Electron Donor-Acceptor sequenced NIR AIEgen for Highly Efficient Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Cell Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200571. [PMID: 35789116 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recognized to be a promising strategy for anticancer treatment. Considering the progressive application of PDT in clinical trials, highly efficient and photostable photosensitizers (PSs) are in strong demand. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) based PSs are promising phototheranostic materials for tumor imaging and PDT due to their high fluorescence efficiency and photostability. Herein, a mitochondria-targeted PS, TPA-2TCP with AIE characteristics is developed by adopting an acceptor-π-donor-π-acceptor (A-π-D-π-A) structure. The untypical sequence of the electron donors and electron acceptors endows the derived AIE PS with evident redshift of the absorption and emission, and efficient generation of reactive oxygen species. With the positively charged pyridinium groups, nanoparticulated AIE PS (TPA-2TCP NPs) exhibits high cell binding efficiency towards 4T1 breast cancer cells, leading to the massive cell death via the apoptotic pathway under white light irradiation, demonstrating its potential application in cancer imaging and PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwu Yu
- Zhejiang University, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jiayue Pan
- The second hospical of Zhejiang University, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, CHINA
| | - Mei Tian
- The second Hospital of Zhejiang University, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, CHINA
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Zhejiang University, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Chentao Jin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, CHINA
| | - Hong Zhang
- The second hospital of Zhejiang University, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, CHINA
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Zhejiang University, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Qinggang He
- Zhejiang University, Chemical Engineering, 38 Zheda Rd., 310027, Hangzhou, CHINA
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6
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Orfanopoulos M. Singlet Oxygen: Discovery, Chemistry, C 60 -Sensitization †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1182-1218. [PMID: 34240450 DOI: 10.1111/php.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review article refers to the discovery of excited molecular oxygen, in particular on its lower singlet excited state (1 Δg , 1 O2 ). After a short report on singlet oxygen generation, the review is focused on the chemistry of this reactive species. Specifically, the three major reactions of 1 O2 with unsaturated organic substrates, namely the [4 + 2] and [2 +2] cycloadditions as well as the ene reaction, are reviewed. The proposed mechanisms of these reactions, through the years, based on experimental and computational work, have been presented. Selected examples of singlet oxygen-synthetic applications are also mentioned. The [60]fullerene and fullereno-materials photosensitized oxidations in homogeneous, as well as in heterogeneous conditions, are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the self-sensitized photooxidation of open cage fullerenes as well as fullerenes bearing oxidizable groups is reported.
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7
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Kang M, Zhang Z, Xu W, Wen H, Zhu W, Wu Q, Wu H, Gong J, Wang Z, Wang D, Tang BZ. Good Steel Used in the Blade: Well-Tailored Type-I Photosensitizers with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics for Precise Nuclear Targeting Photodynamic Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100524. [PMID: 34021726 PMCID: PMC8292883 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been recognized to be a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the high oxygen dependency of conventional PDT dramatically impairs its overall therapeutic efficacy, especially in hypoxic solid tumors. Exploration of distinctive PDT strategy involving both high-performance less-oxygen-dependent photosensitizers (PSs) and prominent drug delivery system is an appealing yet significantly challenging task. Herein, a precise nuclear targeting PDT protocol based on type-I PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics is fabricated for the first time. Of the two synthesized AIE PSs, TTFMN is demonstrated to exhibit superior AIE property and stronger type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency owing to the introduction of tetraphenylethylene and smaller singlet-triplet energy gap, respectively. With the aid of a lysosomal acid-activated TAT-peptide-modified amphiphilic polymer poly(lactic acid)12k-poly(ethylene glycol)5k-succinic anhydride-modified TAT, the corresponding TTFMN-loaded nanoparticles accompanied with acid-triggered nuclear targeting peculiarity can quickly accumulate in the tumor site, effectively generate type-I ROS in the nuclear region and significantly suppress the tumor growth under white light irradiation with minimized systematic toxicity. This delicate "Good Steel Used in the Blade" tactic significantly maximizes the PDT efficacy and offers a conceptual while practical paradigm for optimized cancer treatment in further translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE ResearchShenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE ResearchShenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Wenhan Xu
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionDepartment of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Haifei Wen
- Center for AIE ResearchShenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for AIE ResearchShenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for AIE ResearchShenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Hongzhuo Wu
- Center for AIE ResearchShenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Junyi Gong
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionDepartment of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE ResearchShenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionDepartment of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
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8
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Wu M, Liu X, Chen H, Duan Y, Liu J, Pan Y, Liu B. Activation of Pyroptosis by Membrane‐Anchoring AIE Photosensitizer Design: New Prospect for Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Yukun Duan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Yutong Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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9
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Wu M, Liu X, Chen H, Duan Y, Liu J, Pan Y, Liu B. Activation of Pyroptosis by Membrane‐Anchoring AIE Photosensitizer Design: New Prospect for Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9093-9098. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Yukun Duan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Yutong Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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10
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Linden G, Vázquez O. Bioorthogonal Turn-On BODIPY-Peptide Photosensitizers for Tailored Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2020; 26:10014-10023. [PMID: 32638402 PMCID: PMC7496803 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) leads to cancer remission via the production of cytotoxic species under photosensitizer (PS) irradiation. However, concomitant damage and dark toxicity can both hinder its use. With this in mind, we have implemented a versatile peptide-based platform of bioorthogonally activatable BODIPY-tetrazine PSs. Confocal microscopy and phototoxicity studies demonstrated that the incorporation of the PS, as a bifunctional module, into a peptide enabled spatial and conditional control of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) generation. Comparing subcellular distribution, PS confined in the cytoplasmic membrane achieved the highest toxicities (IC50 =0.096±0.003 μm) after activation and without apparent dark toxicity. Our tunable approach will inspire novel probes towards smart PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Linden
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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11
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Dąbrowski JM. Bacteriochlorins and their metal complexes as NIR-absorbing photosensitizers: properties, mechanisms, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Heterogeneous Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds with Photosensitizing Catalysts Incorporated into Chitosan. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing amount of hazardous micropollutants in the aqueous environment has recently become a concern, especially because they are not usually included in environmental monitoring programs. There is also limited knowledge regarding their behavior in the environment and their toxicity. This paper presents results regarding the heterogeneous photosensitized oxidation of 10 phenolic compounds under visible light. All of the selected compounds are classified as pollutants of emerging concern. For the first time, the application of photosensitizing catalysts incorporated into a chitosan carrier was investigated from several points of view, namely, structure characterization, singlet oxygen generation potential, photodegradation ability, biodegradability, and toxicity assessment. It was found that compounds of different origins were degraded with high effectivity. Photoactive chitosan was stable and could be reused for at least 12 cycles without losing its photocatalytic activity. The Hammett constants for all of the degraded compounds were determined. Improved biodegradability after the treatment was achieved for almost all compounds, apart from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and only slightly for 2-phenylphenol. The acute toxicity was assessed using bioluminescent Vibrio fischeri bacteria, indicating lower toxicity than the parent compounds.
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13
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Linden G, Zhang L, Pieck F, Linne U, Kosenkov D, Tonner R, Vázquez O. Gezielte Singulett‐Sauerstofferzeugung durch bioorthogonale DNA‐basierte Tetrazin‐Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Linden
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Lei Zhang
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Fabian Pieck
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Uwe Linne
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Dmitri Kosenkov
- Department of Chemistry and Physics Monmouth University 400 Cedar Avenue West Long Branch NJ 07764 USA
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
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14
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Linden G, Zhang L, Pieck F, Linne U, Kosenkov D, Tonner R, Vázquez O. Conditional Singlet Oxygen Generation through a Bioorthogonal DNA-targeted Tetrazine Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12868-12873. [PMID: 31291504 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of bioorthogonal reactions as an original strategy in photodynamic therapy to achieve conditional phototoxicity and specific subcellular localization simultaneously. Our novel halogenated BODIPY-tetrazine probes only become efficient photosensitizers (ΦΔ ≈0.50) through an intracellular inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with a suitable dienophile. Ab initio computations reveal an activation-dependent change in decay channels that controls 1 O2 generation. Our bioorthogonal approach also enables spatial control. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the feasibility of the selective activation of our dormant photosensitizer in cellular nuclei, causing cancer cell death upon irradiation. Thus, our dual biorthogonal, activatable photosensitizers open new venues to combat current limitations of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Linden
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Pieck
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Kosenkov
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, NJ, 07764, USA
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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15
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Mu C, Wang J, Barraza KM, Zhang X, Beauchamp JL. Mass Spectrometric Study of Acoustically Levitated Droplets Illuminates Molecular‐Level Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer involving Lipid Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8082-8086. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kevin M. Barraza
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics and the Beckman Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics and the Beckman Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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16
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Mu C, Wang J, Barraza KM, Zhang X, Beauchamp JL. Mass Spectrometric Study of Acoustically Levitated Droplets Illuminates Molecular‐Level Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer involving Lipid Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kevin M. Barraza
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics and the Beckman Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics and the Beckman Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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17
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Chen WH, Luo GF, Zhang XZ. Recent Advances in Subcellular Targeted Cancer Therapy Based on Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802725. [PMID: 30260521 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, diverse functional materials that take subcellular structures as therapeutic targets are playing increasingly important roles in cancer therapy. Here, particular emphasis is placed on four kinds of therapies, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and hyperthermal therapy, which are the most widely used approaches for killing cancer cells by the specific destruction of subcellular organelles. Moreover, some non-drug-loaded nanoformulations (i.e., metal nanoparticles and molecular self-assemblies) with a fatal effect on cells by influencing the subcellular functions without the use of any drug molecules are also included. According to the basic principles and unique performances of each treatment, appropriate strategies are developed to meet task-specific applications by integrating specific materials, ligands, as well as methods. In addition, the combination of two or more therapies based on multifunctional nanostructures, which either directly target specific subcellular organelles or release organelle-targeted therapeutics, is also introduced with the intent of superadditive therapeutic effects. Finally, the related challenges of critical re-evaluation of this emerging field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Feng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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19
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Scholz M, Dědic R, Hála J. Microscopic time-resolved imaging of singlet oxygen by delayed fluorescence in living cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1643-1653. [PMID: 28936518 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen is a highly reactive species which is involved in a number of processes, including photodynamic therapy of cancer. Its very weak near-infrared emission makes imaging of singlet oxygen in biological systems a long-term challenge. We address this challenge by introducing Singlet Oxygen Feedback Delayed Fluorescence (SOFDF) as a novel modality for semi-direct microscopic time-resolved wide-field imaging of singlet oxygen in biological systems. SOFDF has been investigated in individual fibroblast cells incubated with a well-known photosensitizer aluminium phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate. The SOFDF emission from the cells is several orders of magnitude stronger and much more readily detectable than the very weak near-infrared phosphorescence of singlet oxygen. Moreover, the analysis of SOFDF kinetics enables us to estimate the lifetimes of the involved excited states. Real-time SOFDF images with micrometer spatial resolution and submicrosecond temporal-resolution have been recorded. Interestingly, a steep decrease in the SOFDF intensity after the photodynamically induced release of a photosensitizer from lysosomes has been demonstrated. This effect could be potentially employed as a valuable diagnostic tool for monitoring and dosimetry in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Scholz
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, The Czech Republic.
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20
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Blázquez-Castro A, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Cell cycle modulation through subcellular spatially resolved production of singlet oxygenviadirect 765 nm irradiation: manipulating the onset of mitosis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1310-1318. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular spatially resolved (cytoplasmversusnucleus) production of singlet oxygen allows modulation of mitosis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Department of Physics of Materials
- Faculty of Sciences
- Autonomous University of Madrid
- Madrid 28049
- Spain
| | | | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus 8000-C
- Denmark
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21
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Photosensitization in Porphyrias and Photodynamic Therapy Involves TRPA1 and TRPV1. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5264-78. [PMID: 27170124 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4268-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Photosensitization, an exaggerated sensitivity to harmless light, occurs genetically in rare diseases, such as porphyrias, and in photodynamic therapy where short-term toxicity is intended. A common feature is the experience of pain from bright light. In human subjects, skin exposure to 405 nm light induced moderate pain, which was intensified by pretreatment with aminolevulinic acid. In heterologous expression systems and cultured sensory neurons, exposure to blue light activated TRPA1 and, to a lesser extent, TRPV1 channels in the absence of additional photosensitization. Pretreatment with aminolevulinic acid or with protoporphyrin IX dramatically increased the light sensitivity of both TRPA1 and TRPV1 via generation of reactive oxygen species. Artificial lipid bilayers equipped with purified human TRPA1 showed substantial single-channel activity only in the presence of protoporphyrin IX and blue light. Photosensitivity and photosensitization could be demonstrated in freshly isolated mouse tissues and led to TRP channel-dependent release of proinflammatory neuropeptides upon illumination. With antagonists in clinical development, these findings may help to alleviate pain during photodynamic therapy and also allow for disease modification in porphyria patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cutaneous porphyria patients suffer from burning pain upon exposure to sunlight and other patients undergoing photodynamic therapy experience similar pain, which can limit the therapeutic efforts. This study elucidates the underlying molecular transduction mechanism and identifies potential targets of therapy. Ultraviolet and blue light generates singlet oxygen, which oxidizes and activates the ion channels TRPA1 and TRPV1. The disease and the therapeutic options could be reproduced in models ranging from isolated ion channels to human subjects, applying protoporphyrin IX or its precursor aminolevulinic acid. There is an unmet medical need, and our results suggest a therapeutic use of the pertinent antagonists in clinical development.
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22
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Banerjee C, Westberg M, Breitenbach T, Bregnhøj M, Ogilby PR. Monitoring Interfacial Lipid Oxidation in Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using Spatially Resolved Optical Techniques. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6239-6247. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Westberg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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Ghimire S, Bork MA, Zhang H, Fanwick PE, Zeller M, Choi JH, McMillin DR. DNA binding of Pd(TC3), a conformable cationic porphyrin with a long-lived triplet state. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14277-84. [PMID: 27534907 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01918h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work has been to synthesize and investigate Pd(TC3), an intercalating porphyrin that has conformable substituents capable of groove binding to B-form DNA. (TC3 denotes the doubly deprotonated form of 5,10,15,20-tetra[3-(3'-methylimidazolium-1'-yl)prop-1-yl]porphyrin.) Palladium(ii) is an apt choice for the central metal ion because it remains strictly four-coordinate and provides for a luminescent triplet excited state with a long lifetime. The DNA hosts are hairpin-forming sequences programmed to differ in base composition. Luminescence, absorbance, and circular dichroism results are consistent with the idea that congruent structural reorganization takes place at the host and ligand during uptake. Photoexcitation of DNA-bound Pd(TC3) generates a comparatively modest steady state concentration of singlet oxygen, due to a relatively slow reaction with molecular oxygen in solution. The sheer size of the substituent groups disfavors quenching, but groove-binding interactions compound the problem by inhibiting mobility. The results show how ligand design affects adduct structure as well as function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijana Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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24
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Sun J, Song B, Ye Z, Yuan J. Mitochondria Targetable Time-Gated Luminescence Probe for Singlet Oxygen Based on a β-Diketonate–Europium Complex. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11660-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Singh S, Aggarwal A, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Arianna G, Tiwari K, Drain CM. Glycosylated Porphyrins, Phthalocyanines, and Other Porphyrinoids for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10261-306. [PMID: 26317756 PMCID: PMC6011754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Singh
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, New York 11101, United States
| | - Amit Aggarwal
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, New York 11101, United States
| | - N. V. S. Dinesh K. Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gianluca Arianna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kirran Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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26
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Tian W, Deng L, Jin S, Yang H, Cui R, Zhang Q, Shi W, Zhang C, Yuan X, Sha G. Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Based on a Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscope. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3393-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Liezheng Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Heping Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Research
Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Research
Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Xiaolin Yuan
- Research
Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Guohe Sha
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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27
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Scholz M, Biehl AL, Dědic R, Hála J. The singlet-oxygen-sensitized delayed fluorescence in mammalian cells: a time-resolved microscopy approach. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:700-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microsecond kinetics of singlet-oxygen-sensitized delayed fluorescence (SOSDF) have been detected from individual living fibroblast cells as a proof-of-concept. These provide valuable information about excited state lifetimes and their changes during PDT-like treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Scholz
- Charles University in Prague
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- The Czech Republic
| | - Anna-Louisa Biehl
- Charles University in Prague
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- The Czech Republic
- On leave from Ernst-Abbe-Fachhochschule Jena
| | - Roman Dědic
- Charles University in Prague
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- The Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hála
- Charles University in Prague
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- The Czech Republic
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28
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Lu K, He C, Lin W. Nanoscale metal-organic framework for highly effective photodynamic therapy of resistant head and neck cancer. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16712-5. [PMID: 25407895 PMCID: PMC4277757 DOI: 10.1021/ja508679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photodynamic
therapy (PDT) is an effective anticancer procedure
that relies on tumor localization of a photosensitizer followed by
light activation to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (e.g., 1O2). Here we report the rational design of a Hf–porphyrin
nanoscale metal–organic framework, DBP–UiO, as an exceptionally
effective photosensitizer for PDT of resistant head and neck cancer.
DBP–UiO efficiently generates 1O2 owing
to site isolation of porphyrin ligands, enhanced intersystem crossing
by heavy Hf centers, and facile 1O2 diffusion
through porous DBP–UiO nanoplates. Consequently, DBP–UiO
displayed greatly enhanced PDT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, leading to complete tumor eradication
in half of the mice receiving a single DBP–UiO dose and a single
light exposure. NMOFs thus represent a new class of highly potent
PDT agents and hold great promise in treating resistant cancers in
the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangda Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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29
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Wang J, Zhang Z, Zha S, Zhu Y, Wu P, Ehrenberg B, Chen JY. Carbon nanodots featuring efficient FRET for two-photon photodynamic cancer therapy with a low fs laser power density. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9372-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Kovács L, Ayaydin F, Kálai T, Tandori J, Kós PB, Hideg É. Assessing the Applicability of Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers in Leaf Studies. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:129-36. [PMID: 23927573 DOI: 10.1111/php.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen ((1) O2 ) is of special interest in plant stress physiology. Studies focused on internal, chlorophyll-mediated production are often complemented with the use of artificial (1) O2 photosensitizers. Here, we report a comparative study on the effects of Rose Bengal (RB), Methylene Violet (MVI), Neutral Red (NR) and Indigo Carmine (IC). These were infiltrated into tobacco leaves at concentrations generating the same fluxes of (1) O2 in solution. Following green light-induced (1) O2 production from these dyes, leaf photosynthesis was characterized by Photosystem (PS) II and PSI electron transport and oxidative damage was monitored as degradation of D1, a PSII core protein. Cellular localizations were identified on the basis of the dyes' fluorescence using confocal laser scanning microscopy. We found that RB and NR were both localized in chloroplasts but the latter had very little effect, probably due to its pH-dependent photosensitizing. Both RB and intracellular, nonplastid MVI decreased PSII electron transport, but the effect of RB was stronger than that of MVI and only RB was capable of damaging the D1 protein. Intercellularly localized IC had no significant effect. Our results also suggest caution when using RB as photosensitizer because it affects PSII electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kálai
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Júlia Tandori
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter B Kós
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Hideg
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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31
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A genetically-encoded KillerRed protein as an intrinsically generated photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 35:500-8. [PMID: 24112805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received considerable attention as a therapeutic treatment for cancer and other diseases; however, it is frequently accompanied by prolonged phototoxic reaction of the skin due to slow clearance of synthetic photosensitizers (PSs) administered externally. This study was designed to investigate the genetic use of pKillerRed-mem, delivered using complexes of chitosan (CS) and poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γPGA), to intracellularly express a membrane-targeted KillerRed protein that can be used as a potential PS for PDT. Following transfection with CS/pKillerRed/γPGA complexes, a red fluorescence protein of KillerRed was clearly seen at the cellular membranes. When exposed to green-light irradiation, the KillerRed-positive cells produced an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time-dependent manner. Data from viability assays indicate that ROS have an important role in mediating KillerRed-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and anti-proliferation, suggesting that KillerRed can be used as an intrinsically generated PS for PDT treatments. Notably, the phototoxic reaction of KillerRed toward cells gradually became negligible over time, presumably because of its intracellular degradability. These experimental results demonstrate that this genetically encoded KillerRed is biodegradable and has potential for PDT-induced destruction of diseased cells.
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32
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Photosan-II loaded hollow silica nanoparticles: preparation and its effect in killing for QBC939 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:460-9. [PMID: 24284099 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles have been explored recently as an efficient means to deliver photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. However, it is largely unknown if polyhematoporphyrin (C34H38N4NaO5, Photosan-II, PS) or other photosensitizers can be efficiently delivered by hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNP). METHODS Polyhematoporphyrin (C34H38N4NaO5, Photosan-II, PS) was loaded into hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNP) by one-step wet chemical-based synthetic route. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and polydispersive index (PDI) were used for measurement of the particles size and size distribution. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy were used for the microstructure, morphological and chemical composition analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry spectra and fluorescence emission spectrum were obtained. The photobiological activity of the PS-loaded HSNP was evaluated on human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. The cellular viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptotic and necrotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS DLS measurements showed that the size of the particles is in the range of 25-90 nm. PDI of the PS-loaded HSNP is 0.121 ± 0.01, indicating that samples have excellent quality with narrow size distribution to monomodal systems. In MTT assay, PS-loaded HSNP and free PS of the same concentration killed about 95.3% ± 2.0% and 55.7% ± 1.9% of QBC939 cells, respectively. The flow cytometry demonstrated that the laser induced cell death with PS-loaded HSNP was much more severe than that of free PS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Photosan-II-loaded hollow silica nanoparticles not only can quickly deliver Photosan-II into cells but also can reach a more high concentration than free Photosan-II. HSNP is a desirable vehicle and the release system that shows promises for photodynamic therapy use, which not only improve the aqueous solubility, stability and transport efficiency of PS, but also increase its photodynamic efficacy compared to free PS.
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33
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A comprehensive tutorial on in vitro characterization of new photosensitizers for photodynamic antitumor therapy and photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:840417. [PMID: 23762860 PMCID: PMC3671303 DOI: 10.1155/2013/840417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro research performed on eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell cultures usually represents the initial step for characterization of a novel photosensitizer (PS) intended for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer or photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms. Although many experimental steps of PS testing make use of the wide spectrum of methods readily employed in cell biology, special aspects of working with photoactive substances, such as the autofluorescence of the PS molecule or the requirement of light protection, need to be considered when performing in vitro experiments in PDT/PDI. This tutorial represents a comprehensive collection of operative instructions, by which, based on photochemical and photophysical properties of a PS, its uptake into cells, the intracellular localization and photodynamic action in both tumor cells and microorganisms novel photoactive molecules may be characterized for their suitability for PDT/PDI. Furthermore, it shall stimulate the efforts to expand the convincing benefits of photodynamic therapy and photodynamic inactivation within both established and new fields of applications and motivate scientists of all disciplines to get involved in photodynamic research.
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Alemany-Ribes M, García-Díaz M, Busom M, Nonell S, Semino CE. Toward a 3D cellular model for studying in vitro the outcome of photodynamic treatments: accounting for the effects of tissue complexity. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1665-74. [PMID: 23442191 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical therapies have traditionally been developed using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems, which fail to accurately capture tissue complexity. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are more attractive platforms to integrate multiple cues that arise from the extracellular matrix and cells, closer to an in vivo scenario. Here we report the development of a 3D cellular model for the in vitro assessment of the outcome of oxygen- and drug-dependent therapies, exemplified by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Using a synthetic self-assembling peptide as a cellular scaffold (RAD16-I), we were able to recreate the in vivo limitation of oxygen and drug diffusion and its biological effect, which is the development of cellular resistance to therapy. For the first time, the production and decay of the cytotoxic species singlet oxygen could be observed in a 3D cell culture. Results revealed that the intrinsic mechanism of action is maintained in both systems and, hence, the dynamic mass transfer effects accounted for the major differences in efficacy between the 2D and 3D models. We propose that this methodological approach will help to improve the efficacy of future oxygen- and drug-dependent therapies such as PDT.
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Ruiz-González R, Acedo P, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S, Cañete M, Stockert JC, Villanueva A. Efficient induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by a novel cationic porphycene photosensitizer. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:401-14. [PMID: 23517729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we analyze the photobiological properties of 2,7,12-tris(α-pyridinio-p-tolyl)-17-(p-(methoxymethyl)phenyl) porphycene (Py3MeO-TBPo) in Hela cells, in order to assess its potential as a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cultured tumor cells. Using 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo, flow cytometry studies demonstrated an increase of intracellular drug levels related to the incubation time, reaching a maximum at 18 h. LysoTracker(®) Green (LTG) and MitoTracker(®) Green (MTG) probes were used to identify the subcellular localization. Upon exposure to ultraviolet excitation, red porphycene fluorescence was detected as red granules in the cytoplasm that colocalized with LTG. No significant toxic effects were detected for Py3MeO-TBPo in the dark at concentrations below 1 μM. In contrast, Py3MeO-TBPo combined with red-light irradiation induced concentration- and fluence-dependent HeLa cells inactivation. Besides, all photodynamic protocols assayed induced a clear effect of cell detachment inhibition after trypsin treatment. Both apoptotic and necrotic cell death mechanisms can occur in HeLa cells depending on the experimental protocol. After 18 h incubation with 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and subsequent red light irradiation (3.6 J/cm(2)), a high number of cells die by apoptosis, as evaluated by morphological alterations, immunofluorescent relocalization of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, and TUNEL assay. Likewise, immunofluorescence techniques showed that cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into cytosol in cells undergoing apoptosis, which occurs immediately after relocation of Bax in mitochondria. The highest amount of apoptosis appeared 24 h after treatment (70%) and this cell death occurred without cell detachment to the substrate. In contrast, with 0.75 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and 3.6 J/cm(2) irradiation, morphological changes showed a preferential necrotic cell death. Singlet oxygen was identified as the cytotoxic agent involved in cell photoinactivation. Moreover, cell cultures pre-exposed to the singlet oxygen scavenger sodium azide showed pronounced protection against the loss of viability induced by Py3MeO-TBPo and light. Different changes in distribution and organization of cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and actin microfilaments) as well as the protein vinculin, after apoptotic and necrotic photodynamic treatments have been analyzed. Neither of these two cell death mechanisms (apoptosis or necrosis) induced cell detachment. In summary, Py3MeO-TBPo appears to meet the requirements for further scrutiny as a very good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy: it is water soluble, has a high absorption in the red spectral region (where light penetration in tissue is higher), and is able to induce effective high apoptotic rate (70%) related to the more widely studied photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Ruiz-González
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
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Singlet oxygen in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: photosensitizer-dependent production and decay in E. coli. Molecules 2013; 18:2712-25. [PMID: 23449068 PMCID: PMC6269980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several families of photosensitizers are currently being scrutinized for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy applications. Differences in physical and photochemical properties can lead to different localization patterns as well as differences in singlet oxygen production and decay when the photosensitizers are taken up by bacterial cells. We have examined the production and fate of singlet oxygen in Escherichia coli upon photosensitization with three structurally-different cationic photosensitizers, namely New Methylene Blue N (NMB), a member of the phenothiazine family, ACS268, a hydrophobic porphyrin with a single cationic alkyl chain, and zinc(II)-tetramethyltetrapyridinoporphyrazinium salt, a phthalocyanine-like photosensitizer with four positive charges on the macrocycle core. The kinetics of singlet oxygen production and decay indicate different localization for the three photosensitizers, whereby NMB appears to localize in an aqueous-like microenvironment, whereas ACS268 localizes in an oxygen-shielded site, highly reactive towards singlet oxygen. The tetracationic zinc(II) tetrapyridinoporphyrazine is extensively aggregated in the bacteria and fails to produce any detectable singlet oxygen.
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Moromizato S, Hisamatsu Y, Suzuki T, Matsuo Y, Abe R, Aoki S. Design and synthesis of a luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complex having N,N-diethylamino group that stains acidic intracellular organelles and induces cell death by photoirradiation. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12697-706. [PMID: 23145911 DOI: 10.1021/ic301310q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes have received considerable attention and are important candidates for use as luminescent probes for cellular imaging because of their potential photophysical properties. We previously reported that fac-Ir(atpy)(3)4 (atpy = 2-(5'-amino-4'-tolyl)pyridine) containing three amino groups at the 5'-position of the atpy ligand shows a maximum red emission (at around 600 nm) under neutral and basic conditions and a green emission (at 531 nm) at acidic pH (pH 3-4). In this Article, we report on the design and synthesis of a new pH-sensitive cyclometalated Ir(III) complex containing a 2-(5'-N,N-diethylamino-4'-tolyl)pyridine (deatpy) ligand, fac-Ir(deatpy)(3)5. The complex exhibits a considerable change in emission intensity between neutral and slightly acidic pH (pH 6.5-7.4). Luminescence microscopic studies using HeLa-S3 cells indicate that 5 can be used to selectively stain lysosome, an acidic organelle in cells. Moreover, complex 5 is capable of generating singlet oxygen in a pH-dependent manner and inducing the death of HeLa-S3 cells upon photoirradiation at 377 or 470 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Moromizato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510 Japan
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Briggs BN, Gaier AJ, Fanwick PE, Dogutan DK, McMillin DR. Cationic Copper(II) Porphyrins Intercalate into Domains of Double-Stranded RNA. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7496-505. [PMID: 22947040 DOI: 10.1021/bi300828z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Breeze N. Briggs
- Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West
Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Abby J. Gaier
- Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West
Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Phillip E. Fanwick
- Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West
Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dilek K. Dogutan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - David R. McMillin
- Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West
Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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da Silva EFF, Pedersen BW, Breitenbach T, Toftegaard R, Kuimova MK, Arnaut LG, Ogilby PR. Irradiation- and sensitizer-dependent changes in the lifetime of intracellular singlet oxygen produced in a photosensitized process. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:445-61. [PMID: 22117929 DOI: 10.1021/jp206739y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)), was produced upon pulsed-laser irradiation of an intracellular photosensitizer and detected by its 1275 nm O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) → O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-)) phosphorescence in time-resolved experiments using (1) individual mammalian cells on the stage of a microscope and (2) suspensions of mammalian cells in a 1 cm cuvette. Data were recorded using hydrophilic and, independently, hydrophobic sensitizers. The microscope-based single cell results are consistent with a model in which the behavior of singlet oxygen reflects the environment in which it is produced; nevertheless, the data also indicate that a significant fraction of a given singlet oxygen population readily crosses barriers between phase-separated intracellular domains. The singlet oxygen phosphorescence signals reflect the effects of singlet-oxygen-mediated damage on cell components which, at the limit, mean that data were collected from dead cells and, in some cases, reflect contributions from both intracellular and extracellular populations of singlet oxygen. Despite the irradiation-induced changes in the environment to which singlet oxygen is exposed, the "inherent" intracellular lifetime of singlet oxygen does not appear to change appreciably as the cell progresses toward death. The results obtained from cell suspensions reflect key features that differentiate cell ensemble from single cell experiments (e.g., the ensemble experiment is more susceptible to the effects of sensitizer that has leaked out of the cell). Overall, the data clearly indicate that measuring the intracellular lifetime of singlet oxygen in a O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) → O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-)) phosphorescence experiment is a challenging endeavor that involves working with a dynamic system that is perturbed during the measurement. The most important aspect of this study is that it establishes a useful framework through which future singlet oxygen data from cells can be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F F da Silva
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus, Denmark
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Pedersen BW, Sinks LE, Breitenbach T, Schack NB, Vinogradov SA, Ogilby PR. Single cell responses to spatially controlled photosensitized production of extracellular singlet oxygen. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1077-91. [PMID: 21668871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The response of individual HeLa cells to extracellularly produced singlet oxygen was examined. The spatial domain of singlet oxygen production was controlled using the combination of a membrane-impermeable Pd porphyrin-dendrimer, which served as a photosensitizer, and a focused laser, which served to localize the sensitized production of singlet oxygen. Cells in close proximity to the domain of singlet oxygen production showed morphological changes commonly associated with necrotic cell death. The elapsed postirradiation "waiting period" before necrosis became apparent depended on: (1) the distance between the cell membrane and the domain irradiated, (2) the incident laser fluence and, as such, the initial concentration of singlet oxygen produced and (3) the lifetime of singlet oxygen. The data imply that singlet oxygen plays a key role in this process of light-induced cell death. The approach of using extracellularly generated singlet oxygen to induce cell death can provide a solution to a problem that often limits mechanistic studies of intracellularly photosensitized cell death: it can be difficult to quantify the effective light dose, and hence singlet oxygen concentration, when using an intracellular photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Aarhus University, Århus, Denmark
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Paula Denofrio M, Lorente C, Breitenbach T, Hatz S, Cabrerizo FM, Thomas AH, Ogilby PR. Photodynamic Effects of Pterin on HeLa Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:862-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Paula Denofrio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata‐CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata‐CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, University of Aarhus, Århus, Denmark
| | - Sonja Hatz
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, University of Aarhus, Århus, Denmark
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB‐INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, Camino Circunv., Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Andrés H. Thomas
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata‐CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, University of Aarhus, Århus, Denmark
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Gollmer A, Arnbjerg J, Blaikie FH, Pedersen BW, Breitenbach T, Daasbjerg K, Glasius M, Ogilby PR. Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green®: Photochemical Behavior in Solution and in a Mammalian Cell. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:671-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ding H, Sumer BD, Kessinger CW, Dong Y, Huang G, Boothman DA, Gao J. Nanoscopic micelle delivery improves the photophysical properties and efficacy of photodynamic therapy of protoporphyrin IX. J Control Release 2011; 151:271-7. [PMID: 21232562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nanodelivery systems have shown considerable promise in increasing the solubility and delivery efficiency of hydrophobic photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. In this study, we report the preparation and characterization of polymeric micelles that incorporate protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a potent photosensitizer, using non-covalent encapsulation and covalent conjugation methods. Depending on the incorporation method and PpIX loading percentage, PpIX existed as a monomer, dimer or aggregate in the micelle core. The PpIX state directly affected the fluorescence intensity and (1)O(2) generation efficiency of the resulting micelles in aqueous solution. Micelles with lower PpIX loading density (e.g. 0.2%) showed brighter fluorescence and higher (1)O(2) yield than those with higher PpIX loading density (e.g. 4%) in solution. However, PDT efficacy in H2009 lung cancer cells showed an opposite trend. In particular, 4% PpIX-conjugated micelles demonstrated the largest PDT therapeutic window, as indicated by the highest phototoxicity and relatively low dark toxicity. Results from this study contribute to the fundamental understanding of nanoscopic structure-property relationships of micelle-delivered PpIX and establish a viable micelle formulation (i.e. 4% PpIX-conjugated micelles) for in vivo evaluation of antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Silva PR, Vono LLR, Espósito BP, Baptista MS, Rossi LM. Enhancement of hematoporphyrin IX potential for photodynamic therapy by entrapment in silica nanospheres. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:14946-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21525f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
This article is a highlight of the paper by Jarvi et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology as well as a brief overview of the state of the field of singlet-oxygen ((1) O(2) ) detection in vivo. The in vivo detection of (1) O(2) using its characteristic 1270 nm phosphorescence is technically challenging. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made in this area. Major advances have included the commercial development of photomultiplier tubes sensitive to 1270 nm light, techniques for spatially resolving the location of (1) O(2) at a subcellular level and more complex mathematical models for interpreting the kinetics of (1) O(2) emission from living cells. It is now recognized that oxygen consumption, photosensitizer bleaching, oxidation of biological molecules and diffusion of (1) O(2) can significantly change the kinetics of (1) O(2) emission from living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Kanofsky
- Medicine and Neurology Service Line, Edward Hines Jr., Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA.
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Pedersen BW, Breitenbach T, Redmond RW, Ogilby PR. Two-photon irradiation of an intracellular singlet oxygen photosensitizer: Achieving localized sub-cellular excitation in spatially-resolved experiments. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1383-97. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.515221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Keyes TE, Forster RJ, Blackledge C. Time resolved spectroscopy of inorganic complexes. SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849730853-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Time resolved spectroscopy has revolutionised our understanding of photochemical and photophysical reactions of inorganic complexes. In this review, we briefly describe the most common time resolved optical spectroscopic methods applied to inorganic complexes and outline some examples and highlights from the recent literature. The review is not intended to be exhaustive, but highlights key recent papers from coordination chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, carbonyl chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry, as well as, recent insights from ultrafast spectroscopy into the photophysics of important prototypes such as [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and [Cu(dmp)2]+. A brief perspective is then presented which discusses areas where time resolved spectroscopy of inorganic complexes could play a particularly important role in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia E. Keyes
- National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - Charles Blackledge
- National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 7 Ireland
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Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something new under the sun. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3181-209. [PMID: 20571680 DOI: 10.1039/b926014p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, has been known to the scientific community for approximately 80 years. It has a characteristic chemistry that sets it apart from the triplet ground state of molecular oxygen, O(2)(X(3)Sigma), and is important in fields that range from atmospheric chemistry and materials science to biology and medicine. For such a "mature citizen", singlet oxygen nevertheless remains at the cutting-edge of modern science. In this critical review, recent work on singlet oxygen is summarized, focusing primarily on systems that involve light. It is clear that there is indeed still something new under the sun (243 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Arhus, Denmark.
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Hackbarth S, Schlothauer J, Preuß A, Röder B. New insights to primary photodynamic effects – Singlet oxygen kinetics in living cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 98:173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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