1
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Charlie Maier
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Sun S, Qin C, Liu H, Jiang C. Excitation wavelength dependent ICT character and ISC efficiency in a photocleavage agent of 1-aminoanthraquinone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118200. [PMID: 32172187 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone derivatives have been widely used as photocleavage agents and dyes. Here, photoinduced excited state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) dynamics of 1-aminoanthraquinone in ethanol are studied by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy and quantum chemical (QC) calculations. Four decay associated difference spectra and corresponding lifetime components were obtained by singular value decomposition and global fitting analysis from the fs-TA spectra. The QC calculations prove that the S1 state has obvious ICT character. Planar ICT (PICT) and twisted ICT (TICT) reaction coordinates are observed. On the PICT coordinate, vibrational relaxation (VR) and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes are observed. The ISC efficiency is dependent on excitation wavelength, which elucidates that T'2 state participates in the ISC process on a higher-level than the S'1 state. On the TICT coordinate, the TICT process is dependent on excitation wavelength, which elucidates a direct experimental evidence of an energy barrier in excited state TICT potential energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simei Sun
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Huangshi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Materials, College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Chaochao Qin
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Huangshi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Materials, College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
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3
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Huang SR, Liu Y, Tureček F. UV–vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy Reveals Cytosine–Guanine Hydrogen Transfer in DNA Tetranucleotide Cation Radicals upon One-Electron Reduction. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3505-3517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu R. Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, Box
351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, Box
351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, Box
351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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4
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Askari MS, Lachance-Brais C, Rizzuto FJ, Toader V, Sleiman H. Remote control of charge transport and chiral induction along a DNA-metallohelicate. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11879-11884. [PMID: 31184682 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a new strategy to achieve chiral induction and redox switching along the backbone of metallohelicate architectures, wherein a DNA duplex directs the handedness and charge transport properties of a metal-organic assembly more than 60 bonds away (a distance of >10 nm). The quantitative and site-specific binding of copper(i) ions to DNA-templated coordination sites imparts enhanced thermodynamic stability to the assembly, while the DNA duplex transfers its natural right-handed helicity to the proximal and distal metal centers of the helicates. When copper(ii) ions are employed instead of copper(i) ions, spontaneous DNA-mediated reduction occurs, which we propose is followed by a slower change in coordination environment (from pentacoordinate CuII to tetrahedral CuI) to generate copper(i) helicates. We demonstrate that the reduction of the adjacent and distal bis-phenanthroline sites is dependent on their proximity to DNA guanine bases (which act as the electron source). The kinetics of helical charge transport can thus be tuned based on guanine-CuII separation, resulting in a sequence- and distance-dependent redox switch that transfers electronic information from DNA to multiple linearly-arranged metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Askari
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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5
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Zhou M, Wang L, Zhang S, Zhang B. Ultrafast spectroscopy of the primary charge transfer and ISC processes in 9-anthraldehyde. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Avagliano D, Sánchez-Murcia PA, González L. Directional and regioselective hole injection of spiropyran photoswitches intercalated into A/T-duplex DNA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17971-17977. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hole electron transfer of UV excited spiropyran intercalated in dsDNA is directional, asymmetric and regioselective, as shown by quantitative multiscale computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Avagliano
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Pedro A. Sánchez-Murcia
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
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7
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On possible role of DNA electrodynamics in chromatin regulation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 134:50-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Meng Z, Kubar T, Mu Y, Shao F. A Molecular Dynamics-Quantum Mechanics Theoretical Study of DNA-Mediated Charge Transport in Hydrated Ionic Liquids. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2733-2742. [PMID: 29570288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport (CT) through biomolecules is of high significance in the research fields of biology, nanotechnology, and molecular devices. Inspired by our previous work that showed the binding of ionic liquid (IL) facilitated charge transport in duplex DNA, in silico simulation is a useful means to understand the microscopic mechanism of the facilitation phenomenon. Here molecular dynamics simulations (MD) of duplex DNA in water and hydrated ionic liquids were employed to explore the helical parameters. Principal component analysis was further applied to capture the subtle conformational changes of helical DNA upon different environmental impacts. Sequentially, CT rates were calculated by a QM/MM simulation of the flickering resonance model based upon MD trajectories. Herein, MD simulation illustrated that the binding of ionic liquids can restrain dynamic conformation and lower the on-site energy of the DNA base. Confined movement among the adjacent base pairs was highly related to the increase of electronic coupling among base pairs, which may lead DNA to a CT facilitated state. Sequentially combining MD and QM/MM analysis, the rational correlations among the binding modes, the conformational changes, and CT rates illustrated the facilitation effects from hydrated IL on DNA CT and supported a conformational-gating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Meng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371
| | - Tomas Kubar
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Functional Nanostructures , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
| | - Fangwei Shao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371
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9
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Wu J, Meng Z, Lu Y, Shao F. Efficient Long-Range Hole Transport Through G-Quadruplexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:13980-13985. [PMID: 28703459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA offers a means of long-range charge transport for biology and electric nanodevices. Here, a series of tetra-stranded G-quadruplexes were assembled within a dendritic DNA architecture to explore oxidative charge transport (hole transport) through the G-quadruplex. Efficient charge transport was achieved over 28 Å upon UV irradiation. Over a longer G-quadruplex bridge, hole transport was escalated to a higher efficiency, which resulted in a higher yield than that of the optimal duplex DNA for charge transport, that is, the adenine tract. Efficient long-range hole transport suggests tetra-stranded G-quadruplexes, instead of an oxidation hotspot, hold better potential as an electron conduit than duplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, SPMS-CBC-04-22, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Meng
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, SPMS-CBC-04-22, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, SPMS-CBC-04-22, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Fangwei Shao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, SPMS-CBC-04-22, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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10
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Gao Y, Or S, Toop A, Wheeldon I. DNA Nanostructure Sequence-Dependent Binding of Organophosphates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2033-2040. [PMID: 28165751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular interactions between small molecules and double-stranded DNA has important implications on the design and development of DNA and DNA-protein nanomaterials. Such materials can be assembled into a vast array of 1-, 2-, and 3D structures that contain a range of chemical and physical features where small molecules can bind via intercalation, groove binding, and electrostatics. In this work, we use a series of simulation-guided binding assays and spectroscopy techniques to investigate the binding of selected organophosphtates, methyl parathion, paraoxon, their common enzyme hydrolysis product p-nitrophenol, and double-stranded DNA fragments and DNA DX tiles, a basic building block of DNA-based materials. Docking simulations suggested that the binding strength of each compound was DNA sequence-dependent, with dissociation constants in the micromolar range. Microscale thermophoresis and fluorescence binding assays confirmed sequence-dependent binding and that paraoxon bound to DNA with Kd's between ∼10 and 300 μM, while methyl parathion bound with Kd's between ∼10 and 100 μM. p-Nitrophenol also bound to DNA but with affinities up to 650 μM. Changes in biding affinity were due to changes in binding mode as revealed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Based on these results, two DNA DX tiles were constructed and analyzed, revealing tighter binding to the studied compounds. Taken together, the results presented here add to our fundamental understanding of the molecular interactions of these compounds with biological materials and opens new possibilities in DNA-based sensors, DNA-based matrices for organophosphate extraction, and enzyme-DNA technologies for organophosphate hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Gao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Samson Or
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Aaron Toop
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ian Wheeldon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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11
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Ultrafast investigation of photoinduced charge transfer in aminoanthraquinone pharmaceutical product. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43419. [PMID: 28233835 PMCID: PMC5324068 DOI: 10.1038/srep43419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of intramolecular charge transfer and the following radiationless dynamics of the excited states of 1-aminoanthraquinone using steady state and time-resolved absorption spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. Following photoexcitation with 460 nm, conformational relaxation via twisting of the amino group, charge transfer and the intersystem crossing (ISC) processes have been established to be the major relaxation pathways responsible for the ultrafast nonradiative of the excited S1 state. Intramolecular proton transfer, which could be induced by intramolecular hydrogen bonding is inspected and excluded. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal the change of the dipole moments of the S0 and S1 states along the twisted coordinate of the amino group, indicating the mechanism of twisted intra-molecular charge transfer (TICT). The timescale of TICT is measured to be 5 ps due to the conformational relaxation and a barrier on the S1 potential surface. The ISC from the S1 state to the triplet manifold is a main deactivation pathway with the decay time of 28 ps. Our results observed here have yield a physically intuitive and complete picture of the photoinduced charge transfer and radiationless dynamics in anthraquinone pharmaceutial products.
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12
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Wong JR, Shao F. Hole Transport in A-form DNA/RNA Hybrid Duplexes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40293. [PMID: 28084308 PMCID: PMC5233965 DOI: 10.1038/srep40293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA/RNA hybrid duplexes are prevalent in many cellular functions and are an attractive target form for electrochemical biosensing and electric nanodevice. However the electronic conductivities of DNA/RNA hybrid duplex remain relatively unexplored and limited further technological applications. Here cyclopropyl-modified deoxyribose- and ribose-adenosines were developed to explore hole transport (HT) in both DNA duplex and DNA/RNA hybrids by probing the transient hole occupancies on adenine tracts. HT yields through both B-form and A-form double helixes displayed similar shallow distance dependence, although the HT yields of DNA/RNA hybrid duplexes were lower than those of DNA duplexes. The lack of oscillatory periods and direction dependence in HT through both helixes implied efficient hole propagation can be achieved via the hole delocalization and coherent HT over adenine tracts, regardless of the structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Ru Wong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
| | - Fangwei Shao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
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13
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Gouda AS, Amine MS, Pedersen EB. Synthesis of New DNA G-Quadruplex Constructs with Anthraquinone Insertions and Their Anticoagulant Activity. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Wong JR, Lee KJ, Shu JJ, Shao F. Magnetic Fields Facilitate DNA-Mediated Charge Transport. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3392-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Ru Wong
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Kee Jin Lee
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Jian-Jun Shu
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Fangwei Shao
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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15
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Wong JR, Shao F. 8-Cyclopropyl-2′-Deoxyguanosine: A Hole Trap for DNA-Mediated Charge Transport. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1171-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Charge separation and charge delocalization identified in long-living states of photoexcited DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4369-74. [PMID: 24616517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Base stacking in DNA is related to long-living excited states whose molecular nature is still under debate. To elucidate the molecular background we study well-defined oligonucleotides with natural bases, which allow selective UV excitation of one single base in the strand. IR probing in the picosecond regime enables us to dissect the contribution of different single bases to the excited state. All investigated oligonucleotides show long-living states on the 100-ps time scale, which are not observable in a mixture of single bases. The fraction of these states is well correlated with the stacking probabilities and reaches values up to 0.4. The long-living states show characteristic absorbance bands that can be assigned to charge-transfer states by comparing them to marker bands of radical cation and anion spectra. The charge separation is directed by the redox potential of the involved bases and thus controlled by the sequence. The spatial dimension of this charge separation was investigated in longer oligonucleotides, where bridging sequences separate the excited base from a sensor base with a characteristic marker band. After excitation we observe a bleach of all involved bases. The contribution of the sensor base is observable even if the bridge is composed of several bases. This result can be explained by a charge delocalization along a well-stacked domain in the strand. The presence of charged radicals in DNA strands after light absorption may cause reactions--oxidative or reductive damage--currently not considered in DNA photochemistry.
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17
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Ribaut C, Bordeau G, Perio P, Reybier K, Sartor V, Reynes O, Fabre PL, Chouini-Lalanne N. EPR Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of Guanine Radical Formation and Environment Effects. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2360-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500952q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Ribaut
- Université de Toulouse/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire des IMRCP, Bat 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire
IMRCP, UMR 5623, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - Guillaume Bordeau
- Université de Toulouse/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire des IMRCP, Bat 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire
IMRCP, UMR 5623, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - Pierre Perio
- Université de Toulouse/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Pharma-Dev, UMR152, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
- IRD, Laboratoire
Pharma-Dev, UMR 152, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - Karine Reybier
- Université de Toulouse/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Pharma-Dev, UMR152, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
- IRD, Laboratoire
Pharma-Dev, UMR 152, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - Valérie Sartor
- Université de Toulouse/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire des IMRCP, Bat 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire
IMRCP, UMR 5623, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - Olivier Reynes
- Université de Toulouse/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Bat 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
- CNRS, LGC, UMR
5503, 31062 Toulouse
cedex 09, France
| | - Paul-Louis Fabre
- Université de Toulouse/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Bat 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
- CNRS, LGC, UMR
5503, 31062 Toulouse
cedex 09, France
| | - Nadia Chouini-Lalanne
- Université de Toulouse/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire des IMRCP, Bat 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire
IMRCP, UMR 5623, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
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18
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Kohler B. Excited States in DNA Strands Investigated by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy. PHOTOINDUCED PHENOMENA IN NUCLEIC ACIDS II 2014; 356:39-87. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Rooman M, Wintjens R. Sequence and conformation effects on ionization potential and charge distribution of homo-nucleobase stacks using M06-2X hybrid density functional theory calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:532-45. [PMID: 23582046 PMCID: PMC3919198 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.783508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA is subject to oxidative damage due to radiation or by-products of cellular metabolism, thereby creating electron holes that migrate along the DNA stacks. A systematic computational analysis of the dependence of the electronic properties of nucleobase stacks on sequence and conformation was performed here, on the basis of single- and double-stranded homo-nucleobase stacks of 1-10 bases or 1-8 base pairs in standard A-, B-, and Z-conformation. First, several levels of theory were tested for calculating the vertical ionization potentials of individual nucleobases; the M06-2X/6-31G* hybrid density functional theory method was selected by comparison with experimental data. Next, the vertical ionization potential, and the Mulliken charge and spin density distributions were calculated and considered on all nucleobase stacks. We found that (1) the ionization potential decreases with the number of bases, the lowest being reached by Gua≡Cyt tracts; (2) the association of two single strands into a double-stranded tract lowers the ionization potential significantly (3) differences in ionization potential due to sequence variation are roughly three times larger than those due to conformational modifications. The charge and spin density distributions were found (1) to be located toward the 5'-end for single-stranded Gua-stacks and toward the 3'-end for Cyt-stacks and basically delocalized over all bases for Ade- and Thy-stacks; (2) the association into double-stranded tracts empties the Cyt- and Thy-strands of most of the charge and all the spin density and concentrates them on the Gua- and Ade-strands. The possible biological implications of these results for transcription are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rooman
- a BioModeling, BioInformatics and BioProcesses Department , CP 165/61 Université Libre de Bruxelles , 50 Roosevelt ave, 1050 Brussels , Belgium
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20
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Osakada Y, Kawai K, Majima T. Kinetics of Charge Transfer through DNA across Guanine–Cytosine Repeats Intervened by Adenine–Thymine Base Pair(s). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Osakada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University
| | - Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University
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21
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Wang M, Zhao J, Bu Y. Theoretical exploration of structures and electronic properties of double-electron oxidized guanine–cytosine base pairs with intriguing radical–radical interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:18453-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52745j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Fakhari F, Chen YYK, Rokita SE. Enhancing excess electron transport in DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7073-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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Muren NB, Olmon ED, Barton JK. Solution, surface, and single molecule platforms for the study of DNA-mediated charge transport. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13754-71. [PMID: 22850865 PMCID: PMC3478128 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The structural core of DNA, a continuous stack of aromatic heterocycles, the base pairs, which extends down the helical axis, gives rise to the fascinating electronic properties of this molecule that is so critical for life. Our laboratory and others have developed diverse experimental platforms to investigate the capacity of DNA to conduct charge, termed DNA-mediated charge transport (DNA CT). Here, we present an overview of DNA CT experiments in solution, on surfaces, and with single molecules that collectively provide a broad and consistent perspective on the essential characteristics of this chemistry. DNA CT can proceed over long molecular distances but is remarkably sensitive to perturbations in base pair stacking. We discuss how this foundation, built with data from diverse platforms, can be used both to inform a mechanistic description of DNA CT and to inspire the next platforms for its study: living organisms and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B. Muren
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - Eric D. Olmon
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
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Berlin YA, Voityuk AA, Ratner MA. DNA base pair stacks with high electric conductance: a systematic structural search. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8216-8225. [PMID: 22901272 DOI: 10.1021/nn3030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a computational search for DNA π-stack structures exhibiting high electric conductance in the hopping regime, based on the INDO/S calculations of electronic coupling and the method of data analysis called k-means clustering. Using homogeneous poly(G)-poly(C) and poly(A)-poly(T) stacks as the simplest structural models, we identify the configurations of neighboring G:C and A:T pairs that allow strong electronic coupling and, therefore, molecular electric conductance much larger than the values reported for the corresponding reference systems in the literature. A computational approach for modeling the impact of thermal fluctuations on the averaged dimer structure was also proposed and applied to the [(G:C),(G:C)] and [(A:T),(A:T)] duplexes. The results of this work may provide guidance for the construction of DNA devices and DNA-based elements of nanoscale molecular circuits. Several factors that cause changes of step parameters favorable to the formation of the predicted stack conformation with high electric conductance of DNA molecules are also discussed; favorable geometries may enhance the conductivity by factors as large as 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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25
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Gholivand MB, Kashanian S, Peyman H. DNA-binding, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity studies of two anthraquinone derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 87:232-240. [PMID: 22192418 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) with two anthraquinones including quinizarin (1,4-dihydroxy anthraquinone) and danthron (1,8-dihydroxy anthraquinone) in a mixture of 0.04M Brittone-Robinson buffer and 50% of ethanol were studied at physiological pH by spectrofluorometric and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The former technique was used to calculate the binding constants of anthraquinones-DNA complexes at different temperatures. Thermodynamic study indicated that the reactions of both anthraquinone-DNA systems are predominantly entropically driven. Furthermore, the binding mechanisms on the reaction of the two anthraquinones with DNA and the effect of ionic strength on the fluorescence property of the system have also been investigated. The results of the experiments indicated that the binding modes of quinizarin and danthron with DNA were evaluated to be groove binding. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of both compounds against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line and DNA cleavage were investigated. The results indicated that these compounds slightly cleavage pUC18 plasmid DNA and showed minor antitumor activity against K562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia) cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Gholivand
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center & Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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26
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Yamada H, Kurata M, Tanabe K, Ito T, Nishimoto SI. Synthesis and photooxidation of oligodeoxynucleotides containing 5-dimethylaminocytosine as an efficient hole-trapping site in the positive-charge transfer through DNA duplexes. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2035-43. [PMID: 22273807 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized DNA duplexes containing 5-dimethylaminocytosine ((DMA)C) to investigate the effects of C(5)-substituted cytosine bases on the transfer and trapping of positive charge (holes) in DNA duplexes. Fluorescence quenching experiments revealed that a (DMA)C base is more readily one-electron oxidized into a radical cation intermediate as compared with other natural nucleobases. Upon photoirradiation of the duplexes containing (DMA)C, the photosensitizer-injected hole migrated through the DNA bases and was trapped efficiently at the (DMA)C sites, where an enhanced oxidative strand cleavage occurred by hot piperidine treatment. The (DMA)C radical cation formed by hole transfer may undergo specific hydration and subsequent addition of molecular oxygen, thereby leading to its decomposition followed by a predominant strand cleavage at the (DMA)C site. This remarkable property suggests that the modified cytosine (DMA)C can function as an efficient hole-trapping site in the positive-charge transfer in DNA duplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatsugu Yamada
- Advanced Biomedical Engineering Research Unit, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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27
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Olmon ED, Hill MG, Barton JK. Using metal complex reduced states to monitor the oxidation of DNA. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12034-44. [PMID: 22043853 PMCID: PMC3277451 DOI: 10.1021/ic201511y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallointercalating photooxidants interact intimately with the base stack of double-stranded DNA and exhibit rich photophysical and electrochemical properties, making them ideal probes for the study of DNA-mediated charge transport (CT). The complexes [Rh(phi)(2)(bpy')](3+) (phi = 9,10-phenanthrenequinone diimine; bpy' = 4-methyl-4'-(butyric acid)-2,2'-bipyridine), [Ir(ppy)(2)(dppz')](+) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine; dppz' = 6-(dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazin-11-yl)hex-5-ynoic acid), and [Re(CO)(3)(dppz)(py')](+) (dppz = dipyrido[2,3-a:2',3'-c]phenazine; py' = 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-propanoic acid) were each covalently tethered to DNA to compare their photooxidation efficiencies. Biochemical studies show that upon irradiation, the three complexes oxidize guanine by long-range DNA-mediated CT with the efficiency: Rh > Re > Ir. Comparison of spectra obtained by spectroelectrochemistry after bulk reduction of the free metal complexes with those obtained by transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy of the conjugates suggests that the reduced metal states form following excitation of the conjugates at 355 nm. Electrochemical experiments and kinetic analysis of the TA decays indicate that the thermodynamic driving force for CT, variations in the efficiency of back electron transfer, and coupling to DNA are the primary factors responsible for the trend observed in the guanine oxidation yields of the three complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Olmon
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Michael G. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, USA
| | - Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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28
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Transient spectroscopy of dipyridophenazine metal complexes which undergo photo-induced electron transfer with DNA. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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DNA-binding study of anthraquinone derivatives using Chemometrics methods. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2630-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kumar A, Sevilla MD. Density functional theory studies of the extent of hole delocalization in one-electron oxidized adenine and guanine base stacks. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4990-5000. [PMID: 21417208 PMCID: PMC3084348 DOI: 10.1021/jp200537t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the extent of hole delocalization in one-electron oxidized adenine (A) and guanine (G) stacks and shows that new IR vibrational bands are predicted that are characteristic of hole delocalization within A-stacks. The geometries of A-stacks (A(i); i = 2-8) and G-stacks (GG and GGG) in their neutral and one-electron oxidized states were optimized with the bases in a B-DNA conformation using the M06-2X/6-31G* method. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is localized on a single adenine in A-stacks and on a single guanine in GG and GGG stacks located at the 5'-site of the stack. On one-electron oxidation (removal of an electron from the HOMO of the neutral A- and G-stacks) a "hole" is created. Mulliken charge analysis shows that these "holes" are delocalized over two to three adenine bases in the A-stack. The calculated spin density distribution of A(i)(•+) (i = 2-8) also showed delocalization of the hole predominantly on two adenine bases, with some delocalization on a neighboring base. For GG and GGG radical cations, the hole was found to be localized on a single G in the stack. The calculated HFCCs of GG and GGG are in good agreement with the experiment. Further, from the vibrational frequency analysis, it was found that IR spectra of neutral and the corresponding one-electron oxidized adenine stacks are quite different. The IR spectra of A(2)(•+) has intense IR peaks between 900 and 1500 cm(-1) that are not present in the neutral A(2) stack. The presence of A(2)(•+) in the adenine stack has a characteristic intense peak at ~1100 cm(-1). Thus, IR and Raman spectroscopy has potential for monitoring the extent of hole delocalization in A stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
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31
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Abstract
In all organisms, oxidation threatens the integrity of the genome. DNA-mediated charge transport (CT) may play an important role in the generation and repair of this oxidative damage. In studies involving long-range CT from intercalating Ru and Rh complexes to 5'-GG-3' sites, we have examined the efficiency of CT as a function of distance, temperature, and the electronic coupling of metal oxidants bound to the base stack. Most striking is the shallow distance dependence and the sensitivity of DNA CT to how the metal complexes are stacked in the helix. Experiments with cyclopropylamine-modified bases have revealed that charge occupation occurs at all sites along the bridge. Using Ir complexes, we have seen that the process of DNA-mediated reduction is very similar to that of DNA-mediated oxidation. Studies involving metalloproteins have, furthermore, shown that their redox activity is DNA-dependent and can be DNA-mediated. Long range DNA-mediated CT can facilitate the oxidation of DNA-bound base excision repair proteins to initiate a redox-active search for DNA lesions. DNA CT can also activate the transcription factor SoxR, triggering a cellular response to oxidative stress. Indeed, these studies show that within the cell, redox-active proteins may utilize the same chemistry as that of synthetic metal complexes in vitro, and these proteins may harness DNA-mediated CT to reduce damage to the genome and regulate cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Eric D. Olmon
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Pamela A. Sontz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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32
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Bacolla A, Wang G, Jain A, Chuzhanova NA, Cer RZ, Collins JR, Cooper DN, Bohr VA, Vasquez KM. Non-B DNA-forming sequences and WRN deficiency independently increase the frequency of base substitution in human cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:10017-26. [PMID: 21285356 PMCID: PMC3060453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.176636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although alternative DNA secondary structures (non-B DNA) can induce genomic rearrangements, their associated mutational spectra remain largely unknown. The helicase activity of WRN, which is absent in the human progeroid Werner syndrome, is thought to counteract this genomic instability. We determined non-B DNA-induced mutation frequencies and spectra in human U2OS osteosarcoma cells and assessed the role of WRN in isogenic knockdown (WRN-KD) cells using a supF gene mutation reporter system flanked by triplex- or Z-DNA-forming sequences. Although both non-B DNA and WRN-KD served to increase the mutation frequency, the increase afforded by WRN-KD was independent of DNA structure despite the fact that purified WRN helicase was found to resolve these structures in vitro. In U2OS cells, ∼70% of mutations comprised single-base substitutions, mostly at G·C base-pairs, with the remaining ∼30% being microdeletions. The number of mutations at G·C base-pairs in the context of NGNN/NNCN sequences correlated well with predicted free energies of base stacking and ionization potentials, suggesting a possible origin via oxidation reactions involving electron loss and subsequent electron transfer (hole migration) between neighboring bases. A set of ∼40,000 somatic mutations at G·C base pairs identified in a lung cancer genome exhibited similar correlations, implying that hole migration may also be involved. We conclude that alternative DNA conformations, WRN deficiency and lung tumorigenesis may all serve to increase the mutation rate by promoting, through diverse pathways, oxidation reactions that perturb the electron orbitals of neighboring bases. It follows that such "hole migration" is likely to play a much more widespread role in mutagenesis than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino Bacolla
- From the Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Guliang Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Aklank Jain
- From the Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Nadia A. Chuzhanova
- the School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- the Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Jack R. Collins
- the Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - David N. Cooper
- the Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom, and
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Karen M. Vasquez
- From the Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
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33
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Genereux JC, Wuerth SM, Barton JK. Single-step charge transport through DNA over long distances. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3863-8. [PMID: 21348520 DOI: 10.1021/ja107033v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantum yields for charge transport across adenine tracts of increasing length have been measured by monitoring hole transport in synthetic oligonucleotides between photoexcited 2-aminopurine, a fluorescent analogue of adenine, and N(2)-cyclopropyl guanine. Using fluorescence quenching, a measure of hole injection, and hole trapping by the cyclopropyl guanine derivative, we separate the individual contributions of single- and multistep channels to DNA charge transport and find that with 7 or 8 intervening adenines the charge transport is a coherent, single-step process. Moreover, a transition occurs from multistep to single-step charge transport with increasing donor/acceptor separation, opposite to that generally observed in molecular wires. These results establish that coherent transport through DNA occurs preferentially across 10 base pairs, favored by delocalization over a full turn of the helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Genereux
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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34
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Yamada H, Kitauchi Y, Tanabe K, Ito T, Nishimoto SI. Anthraquinone-sensitized photooxidation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA leading to piperidine-induced efficient strand cleavage. Chemistry 2011; 17:2225-35. [PMID: 21294186 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
One-electron photooxidations of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (d(m)C) and 5-trideuteriomethyl-2'-deoxycytidine ([D(3)]d(m)C) by sensitization with anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives were investigated. Photoirradiation of an aerated aqueous solution containing d(m)C and anthraquinone 2-sulfonate (AQS) afforded 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (d(f)C) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (d(hm)C) in good yield through an initial one-electron oxidation process. The deuterium isotope effect on the AQS-sensitized photooxidation of d(m)C suggests that the rate-determining step in the photosensitized oxidation of d(m)C involves internal transfer of the C5-hydrogen atom of a d(m)C-tetroxide intermediate to produce d(f)C and d(hm)C. In the case of a 5-methylcytosine ((m)C)-containing duplex DNA with an AQ chromophore that is incorporated into the backbone of the DNA strand so as to be immobilized at a specific position, (m)C underwent efficient direct one-electron oxidation by the photoexcited AQ, which resulted in an exclusive DNA strand cleavage at the target (m)C site upon hot piperidine treatment. In accordance with the suppression of the strand cleavage at 5-trideuterio-methylcytosine observed in a similar AQ photosensitization, it is suggested that deprotonation at the C5-methyl group of an intermediate (m)C radical cation may occur as a key elementary reaction in the photooxidative strand cleavage at the (m)C site. Incorporation of an AQ sensitizer into the interior of a strand of the duplex enhanced the one-electron photooxidation of (m)C, presumably because of an increased intersystem crossing efficiency that may lead to efficient piperidine-induced strand cleavage at an (m)C site in a DNA duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatsugu Yamada
- Advanced Biomedical Engineering Research Unit, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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35
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Tanabe K, Yamada H, Nishimoto SI. Preparation of Functionalized Oligodeoxynucleotides and Photochemical One-electron Oxidation of 5-Methylcytosine in DNA. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2011. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Elson E. II. Model building: an electrical theory of control of growth and development in animals, prompted by studies of exogenous magnetic field effects (paper I), and evidence of DNA current conduction, in vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2010; 28:283-309. [PMID: 20001704 DOI: 10.3109/15368370903114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A theory of control of cellular proliferation and differentiation in the early development of metazoan systems, postulating a system of electrical controls "parallel" to the processes of molecular biochemistry, is presented. It is argued that the processes of molecular biochemistry alone cannot explain how a developing organism defies a stochastic universe. The demonstration of current flow (charge transfer) along the long axis of DNA through the base-pairs (the "pi-way) in vitro raises the question of whether nature may employ such current flows for biological purposes. Such currents might be too small to be accessible to direct measurement in vivo but conduction has been measured in vitro, and the methods might well be extended to living systems. This has not been done because there is no reasonable model which could stimulate experimentation. We suggest several related, but detachable or independent, models for the biological utility of charge transfer, whose scope admittedly outruns current concepts of thinking about organization, growth, and development in eukaryotic, metazoan systems. The ideas are related to explanations proposed to explain the effects demonstrated on tumors and normal tissues described in Article I (this issue). Microscopic and mesoscopic potential fields and currents are well known at sub-cellular, cellular, and organ systems levels. Not only are such phenomena associated with internal cellular membranes in bioenergetics and information flow, but remarkable long-range fields over tissue interfaces and organs appear to play a role in embryonic development (Nuccitelli, 1992 ). The origin of the fields remains unclear and is the subject of active investigation. We are proposing that similar processes could play a vital role at a "sub-microscopic level," at the level of the chromosomes themselves, and could play a role in organizing and directing fundamental processes of growth and development, in parallel with the more discernible fields and currents described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Elson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Genereux
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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38
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Lewis FD, Thazhathveetil AK, Zeidan TA, Vura-Weis J, Wasielewski MR. Dynamics of Ultrafast Singlet and Triplet Charge Transfer in Anthraquinone−DNA Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 132:444-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick D. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Arun K. Thazhathveetil
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Tarek A. Zeidan
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Josh Vura-Weis
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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39
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Kumar A, Sevilla MD. Influence of hydration on proton transfer in the guanine-cytosine radical cation (G*+-C) base pair: a density functional theory study. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11359-61. [PMID: 19485319 PMCID: PMC2740929 DOI: 10.1021/jp903403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Upon one-electron oxidation, all molecules including DNA bases become more acidic in nature. For the GC base pair, experiments suggest that a facile proton transfer takes place in the G(*+)-C base pair from N(1) of G(*+) to N(3) of cytosine. This intrabase pair proton-transfer reaction has been extensively considered using theoretical methods for the gas phase, and it is predicted that the proton transfer is slightly unfavorable, in disagreement with experiment. In the present study, we consider the effect of the first hydration layer on the proton-transfer reaction in G(*+)-C by the use of density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-31+G** calculations of the G(*+)-C base pair in the presence of 6 and 11 water molecules. Under the influence of hydration of 11 waters, a facile proton transfer from N(1) of G(*+) to N(3) of C is predicted. The zero-point energy (ZPE)-corrected forward and backward energy barriers, for the proton transfer from N(1) of G(*+) to N(3) of C, was found to be 1.4 and 2.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The proton-transferred G(*)-(H(+))C + 11H(2)O was found to be 1.2 kcal/mol more stable than G(*+)-C + 11H(2)O, in agreement with experiment. The present calculation demonstrates that the inclusion of the first hydration shell around the G(*+)-C base pair has an important effect on the internal proton-transfer energetics.
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Matsunaga T, Arakaki M, Kamiya T, Endo S, El-Kabbani O, Hara A. Involvement of an aldo-keto reductase (AKR1C3) in redox cycling of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone leading to apoptosis in human endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:52-60. [PMID: 19442656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
9,10-Phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ), a major quinone found in diesel exhaust particles, is considered to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through its redox cycling. Here, we show that 9,10-PQ evokes apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and its apoptotic signaling includes ROS generation and caspase activation. The 9,10-PQ-induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by ROS scavengers, indicating that intracellular ROS generation is responsible for the 9,10-PQ-induced apoptosis. Comparison of mRNA expression levels and kinetic constants in the 9,10-PQ reduction among 10 human reductases suggests that aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) is a 9,10-PQ reductase in HAECs. In in vitro 9,10-PQ reduction by AKR1C3, the reduced product 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene and superoxide anions were formed, suggesting the enzymatic two-electron reduction of 9,10-PQ that thereby causes oxidative stress through its redox cycling. In addition, the participation of AKR1C3 in 9,10-PQ-redox cycling was confirmed by the data that AKR1C3 overexpression in endothelial cells augmented the ROS generation and cytotoxicity by 9,10-PQ, and the ROS scavengers inhibited the toxic effects. Pretreatment of the overexpressing cells with AKR1C3 inhibitors, flufenamic acid and indomethacin, suppressed the 9,10-PQ-induced GSH depletion. These results suggest that AKR1C3 is a key enzyme in the initial step of 9,10-PQ-induced cytotoxicity in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-Higashi, Gifu, Japan.
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41
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Kumar TS, Madsen AS, Østergaard ME, Sau SP, Wengel J, Hrdlicka PJ. Functionalized 2'-amino-alpha-L-LNA: directed positioning of intercalators for DNA targeting. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1070-81. [PMID: 19108636 PMCID: PMC2853939 DOI: 10.1021/jo802037v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemically modified oligonucleotides are increasingly applied in nucleic acid based therapeutics and diagnostics. LNA (locked nucleic acid) and its diastereomer alpha-L-LNA are two promising examples thereof that exhibit increased thermal and enzymatic stability. Herein, the synthesis, biophysical characterization, and molecular modeling of N2'-functionalized 2'-amino-alpha-L-LNA is described. Chemoselective N2'-functionalization of protected amino alcohol 1 followed by phosphitylation afforded a structurally varied set of target phosphoramidites, which were incorporated into oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Incorporation of pyrene-functionalized building blocks such as 2'-N-(pyren-1-yl)carbonyl-2'-amino-alpha-L-LNA (monomer X) led to extraordinary increases in thermal affinity of up to +19.5 degrees C per modification against DNA targets in particular. In contrast, incorporation of building blocks with small nonaromatic N2'-functionalities such as 2'-N-acetyl-2'-amino-alpha-L-LNA (monomer V) had detrimental effects on thermal affinity toward DNA/RNA complements with decreases of as much as -16.5 degrees C per modification. Extensive thermal DNA selectivity, favorable entropic contributions upon duplex formation, hybridization-induced bathochromic shifts of pyrene absorption maxima and increases in circular dichroism signal intensity, and molecular modeling studies suggest that pyrene-functionalized 2'-amino-alpha-L-LNA monomers W-Y having short linkers between the bicyclic skeleton and the pyrene moiety allow high-affinity hybridization with DNA complements and precise positioning of intercalators in nucleic acid duplexes. This rigorous positional control has been utilized for the development of probes for emerging therapeutic and diagnostic applications focusing on DNA targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Santhosh Kumar
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Genereux JC, Augustyn KE, Davis ML, Shao F, Barton JK. Back-electron transfer suppresses the periodic length dependence of DNA-mediated charge transport across adenine tracts. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15150-6. [PMID: 18855390 PMCID: PMC2663386 DOI: 10.1021/ja8052738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA-mediated charge transport (CT) is exquisitely sensitive to the integrity of the bridging pi-stack and is characterized by a shallow distance dependence. These properties are obscured by poor coupling between the donor/acceptor pair and the DNA bridge, or by convolution with other processes. Previously, we found a surprising periodic length dependence for the rate of DNA-mediated CT across adenine tracts monitored by 2-aminopurine fluorescence. Here we report a similar periodicity by monitoring N 2-cyclopropylguanosine decomposition by rhodium and anthraquinone photooxidants. Furthermore, we find that this periodicity is attenuated by consequent back-electron transfer (BET), as observed by direct comparison between sequences that allow and suppress BET. Thus, the periodicity can be controlled by engineering the extent of BET across the bridge. The periodic length dependence is not consistent with a periodicity predicted by molecular wire theory but is consistent with a model where multiples of four to five base pairs form an ideal CT-active length of a bridging adenine domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Genereux
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Katherine E. Augustyn
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Molly L. Davis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Fangwei Shao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Bongiorno
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
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45
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Electrochemical switching of the flavoprotein dodecin at gold surfaces modified by flavin-DNA hybrid linkers. Biointerphases 2008; 3:51-8. [DOI: 10.1116/1.2965134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mura C, McCammon JA. Molecular dynamics of a kappaB DNA element: base flipping via cross-strand intercalative stacking in a microsecond-scale simulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:4941-55. [PMID: 18653524 PMCID: PMC2528173 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence-dependent structural variability and conformational dynamics of DNA play pivotal roles in many biological milieus, such as in the site-specific binding of transcription factors to target regulatory elements. To better understand DNA structure, function, and dynamics in general, and protein···DNA recognition in the ‘κB’ family of genetic regulatory elements in particular, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of a 20-bp DNA encompassing a cognate κB site recognized by the proto-oncogenic ‘c-Rel’ subfamily of NF-κB transcription factors. Simulations of the κB DNA in explicit water were extended to microsecond duration, providing a broad, atomically detailed glimpse into the structural and dynamical behavior of double helical DNA over many timescales. Of particular note, novel (and structurally plausible) conformations of DNA developed only at the long times sampled in this simulation—including a peculiar state arising at ≈0.7 μs and characterized by cross-strand intercalative stacking of nucleotides within a longitudinally sheared base pair, followed (at ≈1 μs) by spontaneous base flipping of a neighboring thymine within the A-rich duplex. Results and predictions from the microsecond-scale simulation include implications for a dynamical NF-κB recognition motif, and are amenable to testing and further exploration via specific experimental approaches that are suggested herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Mura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0365, USA.
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Sun Y, Lutterman DA, Turro C. Role of Electronic Structure on DNA Light-Switch Behavior of Ru(II) Intercalators. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:6427-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800560x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Bouquin N, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Anthraquinones as Artificial DNA Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Matsunaga T, Kamiya T, Sumi D, Kumagai Y, Kalyanaraman B, Hara A. L-Xylulose reductase is involved in 9,10-phenanthrenequinone-induced apoptosis in human T lymphoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1191-202. [PMID: 18206670 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
9,10-Phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ), a major component in diesel exhaust particles, is suggested to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through its redox cycling, leading to cell toxicity. l-Xylulose reductase (XR), a NADPH-dependent enzyme in the uronate pathway, strongly reduces alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and was thought to act as a detoxification enzyme against reactive carbonyl compounds. Here, we have investigated the role of intracellular ROS generation in apoptotic signaling in human acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells treated with 9,10-PQ and the role of XR in the generation of ROS. Treatment with 9,10-PQ elicited not only apoptotic signaling, including mitochondrial membrane dysfunction and activation of caspases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, but also intracellular ROS generation and consequent glutathione depletion. The apoptotic effects of 9,10-PQ were drastically mitigated by pretreatment with intracellular ROS scavengers, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine, glutathione monoethyl ester, and polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase, indicating that intracellular ROS generation is responsible for the 9,10-PQ-evoked apoptosis. Surprisingly, the ROS generation and cytotoxicity by 9,10-PQ were augmented in an XR-transformed cell line. XR indeed reduced 9,10-PQ and produced superoxide anion through redox cycling. In addition, the expression levels of XR and its mRNA in the T lymphoma cells were markedly enhanced after the exposure to 9,10-PQ, and the induction was completely abolished by the ROS scavengers. Moreover, the 9,10-PQ-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by the pretreatment with XR-specific inhibitors. These results suggest that initially produced ROS induce XR, which accelerates the generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan.
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Kawai K, Osakada Y, Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Charge separation in acridine- and phenothiazine-modified DNA. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2144-9. [PMID: 18225880 DOI: 10.1021/jp075326+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the long-lived, charge-separated state in DNA upon visible light irradiation is of particular interest in molecular-scale optoelectronics, sensor design, and other areas of nanotechnology. However, the efficient generation of the charge-separated state is hampered by fast charge recombination within a contact ion pair, which limits the application of DNA for photoelectrochemical sensors and devices. In this study, a series of protonated 9-alkylamino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine (Acr+)- and phenothiazine (Ptz)-modified DNAs were synthesized for the further understanding of the mechanism of charge separation in DNA to generate a long-lived, charge-separated state with a high quantum yield (Phi). The Acr+ serves as a photosensitizer to produce a hole on guanine (G), and the G-C base pairs were used as a hole-transporting pathway to separate a hole from Acr* (the one-electron-reduced form of Acr+) to be trapped at Ptz. Since Acr+ oxides only G upon photoexcitation, the A-T base pair can be used as a spacer between Acr+ and the G-C base pair to avoid the formation of a contact ion pair. The charge injection dynamics was investigated by steady-state fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetime measurements, and the Phi and the lifetime of the charge-separated state produced upon photoirradiation were assessed by nanosecond laser flash photolysis of the Acr+- and Ptz-modified DNA. A long-lived, charge-separated state was successfully formed upon visible-light irradiation, and the Phi was the highest for the DNA having a single intervening A-T base pair between Acr+ and the G-C base pair. These results clearly demonstrated that the charge separation process in DNA can be refined by putting a redox-inactive intervening base pair as a spacer between a photosensitizer and the nucleobase to be oxidized to slow down the charge recombination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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