1
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Yang Q, Hu Y, Kong X, Lei YZ. Copper-Catalyzed, Regioselective, Unsymmetrical Homocoupling of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones to Form C-N Homodimers. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14274-14282. [PMID: 37774417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally benign and efficient method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with potential axial chirality via inexpensive copper-catalyzed, low-toxicity, and stable PIFA oxidation, rarely assisted by PhSeSePh, regioselective homocoupling of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under mild conditions is developed. This practical scheme is compatible with a variety of functional groups and allows the preparation of functionalized unsymmetrical dimeric quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones from readily available and safe starting materials, providing new ideas for the sustainable development of methodological studies of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, Guizhou 553004, PR China
| | - Yueyue Hu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, Guizhou 553004, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yi-Zhu Lei
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, Guizhou 553004, PR China
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2
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Nipate AB, Rajeswara Rao M. Solid-state red-emissive (cyano)vinylene heteroaromatics via Pd-catalysed C-H homocoupling. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4123-4129. [PMID: 37129043 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Thiophene-based π-conjugated systems are important materials for organic electronics; thus, their synthesis is of topical interest. We report fluorescent thiophene/furan-based vinylene and cyanovinylene systems via Pd-catalysed homocoupling [Pd(OAc)2, pivalic acid, KOAc, DMAc, 140 °C]. The methodology is versatile and allows the development of a variety of π-conjugated systems without the need for pre-functionalized building units. The reaction tolerates electron-rich, electron-deficient and large π-conjugated substrates. The developed compounds absorb in the visible region (400-515 nm) and emit green to orange fluorescence in the solution state (510-600 nm). Most importantly, the compounds exhibit strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in the NIR region (λem = 650 nm), with quantum yields reaching up to 10%. Steric hindrance imparted by vinylene/cyanovinylene units is responsible for the strong solid-state luminescence. DFT-optimized structures reveal an apparent twist of 20-40° in the molecular backbone of the compounds, supporting the AIE behaviour of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul B Nipate
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Dharwad, Dharwad-580011, Karnataka, India.
| | - M Rajeswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Dharwad, Dharwad-580011, Karnataka, India.
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3
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Jang SY, Kim IB, Kim Y, Lim DH, Kang H, Heeney M, Kim DY. Facile direct C-H arylation polymerization of conjugated polymer, PDCBT, for organic solar cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200405. [PMID: 35938972 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) is a synthetic method for conjugated polymers; in DArP, organometallic functionalization steps are omitted and there are no toxic byproducts. As a result, it is considered a more sustainable alternative compared to conventional methods such as Stille polymerization. To explore the possibility of DArP-based polymers as donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs), a series of conjugated polymers based on the structure of PDCBT are synthesized using DArP and Stille polymerization. By controlling the monomer concentration and reaction time in DArP, DArP-5 with the highest Mn (21.9 kDa) can be obtained and its optoelectronic properties, electrochemical properties, and microscopic molecular ordering are comparable to those of Stille-based PDCBT (Stille-P). Analysis of the polymer structure indicates no structural defects such as crosslinking from undesired β-coupling reactions in DArP-5. Upon blending with the PC71 BM acceptor molecule, an increase in the crystallite size of DArP-5 is also observed. In OSC devices with a polymer:PC71 BM bulk-heterojunction photoactive layer, DArP-5 demonstrates a comparable power conversion efficiency of 5.8% with that of Stille-P (5.5%). These results prove that DArP is suitable for synthesizing PDCBT, and DArP-based PDCBT can be used in OSCs as an alternative of Stille-based one. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Jang
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Bok Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyu Kang
- Center for Research Innovation, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, (White City Campus), 80 Wood Lane Shepherd's Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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4
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Anusha G, Indira M, Kumar IS, Sarma LS, Reddy KR, Govardhana Reddy PV, Aminabhavi TM. Synthesis of bis-1,3-(benz)azoles catalyzed by palladium-PEPPSI complex-based catalysts and the study of photophysical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134751. [PMID: 35490757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many biologically potent molecules have been identified to consist of benzo [b]azoles skeleton that are regarded to be the most important drug targets. Specifically, bis-benzo azoles have been the privileged conjugated structures due to their broad applications in environmental catalysis, and synthesis of various polymers, advanced materials, ligands, and natural products. Considering the significant features, different approaches have been attempted to synthesize such molecules via C-H activations by utilizing the transition metal complexes. In this study, we have developed facile and efficient Pd-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, i.e., Pd-PEPPSI (Palladium-Pyridine Enhanced Pre-catalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation) catalysts that could successfully activate C-H bond and construct C-C bond between two 1,3-(benz)azoles via intermolecular oxidative homo-coupling reaction. The prepared Pd NHC catalysts were characterized by NMR and XPS. Pd NHCs concern about the special electronic and steric factors as the strong σ-donating and poor π-accepting properties of these nuclei renders great diversity in the field of transition metal catalysis as ancillary ligands and catalysts. Key factors of this methodology include low catalyst load, good substrate scope (even with sterically hindered substituted components), but no necessity of any extraneous ligands/oxidants and working at ambient reaction conditions with good to excellent yields of the products. Further, the targeted bis azole molecules have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies. The fluorescence and absorption spectra of a few of the synthesized compounds revealed that the electron-donating groups present on N-substituent dictate the absorption and emission bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokanapalli Anusha
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005, India
| | - Meeniga Indira
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005, India
| | - Irla Siva Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560080, India
| | | | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnatak, India; Chandigarh University, NH-95 Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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5
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Ye G, Talsma W, Tran K, Liu Y, Dijkstra S, Cao J, Chen J, Qu J, Song J, Loi MA, Chiechi RC. Polar Side Chains Enhance Selection of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Polymer Wrapping. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ye
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Wytse Talsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Tran
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Yuru Liu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Sietske Dijkstra
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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6
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Malapit CA, Prater MB, Cabrera-Pardo JR, Li M, Pham TD, McFadden TP, Blank S, Minteer SD. Advances on the Merger of Electrochemistry and Transition Metal Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3180-3218. [PMID: 34797053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic organic electrosynthesis has grown in the past few decades by achieving many valuable transformations for synthetic chemists. Although electrocatalysis has been popular for improving selectivity and efficiency in a wide variety of energy-related applications, in the last two decades, there has been much interest in electrocatalysis to develop conceptually novel transformations, selective functionalization, and sustainable reactions. This review discusses recent advances in the combination of electrochemistry and homogeneous transition-metal catalysis for organic synthesis. The enabling transformations, synthetic applications, and mechanistic studies are presented alongside advantages as well as future directions to address the challenges of metal-catalyzed electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jaime R Cabrera-Pardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tammy D Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Timothy Patrick McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Skylar Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyu Hwang
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Kwak
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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8
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Doba T, Ilies L, Sato W, Shang R, Nakamura E. Iron-catalysed regioselective thienyl C–H/C–H coupling. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Hallani RK, Paulsen BD, Petty AJ, Sheelamanthula R, Moser M, Thorley KJ, Sohn W, Rashid RB, Savva A, Moro S, Parker JP, Drury O, Alsufyani M, Neophytou M, Kosco J, Inal S, Costantini G, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. Regiochemistry-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance Enhancement in Ethylene Glycol-Functionalized Polythiophenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11007-11018. [PMID: 34192463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel p-type semiconducting polymers that can facilitate ion penetration, and operate in accumulation mode are much desired in bioelectronics. Glycol side chains have proven to be an efficient method to increase bulk electrochemical doping and optimize aqueous swelling. One early polymer which exemplifies these design approaches was p(g2T-TT), employing a bithiophene-co-thienothiophene backbone with glycol side chains in the 3,3' positions of the bithiophene repeat unit. In this paper, the analogous regioisomeric polymer, namely pgBTTT, was synthesized by relocating the glycol side chains position on the bithiophene unit of p(g2T-TT) from the 3,3' to the 4,4' positions and compared with the original p(g2T-TT). By changing the regio-positioning of the side chains, the planarizing effects of the S-O interactions were redistributed along the backbone, and the influence on the polymer's microstructure organization was investigated using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. The newly designed pgBTTT exhibited lower backbone disorder, closer π-stacking, and higher scattering intensity in both the in-plane and out-of-plane GIWAXS measurements. The effect of the improved planarity of pgBTTT manifested as higher hole mobility (μ) of 3.44 ± 0.13 cm2 V-1 s-1. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was in agreement with the GIWAXS measurements and demonstrated, for the first time, that glycol side chains can also facilitate intermolecular interdigitation analogous to that of pBTTT. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation of energy (eQCM-D) measurements revealed that pgBTTT maintains a more rigid structure than p(g2T-TT) during doping, minimizing molecular packing disruption and maintaining higher hole mobility in operation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad K Hallani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anthony J Petty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rajendar Sheelamanthula
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Karl J Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Wonil Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Reem B Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefania Moro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Joseph P Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Oscar Drury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Maryam Alsufyani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marios Neophytou
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Kosco
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahika Inal
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Wang C, Chen F, Qian P, Cheng J. Recent advances in the Rh-catalyzed cascade arene C-H bond activation/annulation toward diverse heterocyclic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1705-1721. [PMID: 33537690 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Rh-catalyzed C-H bond activation/annulation provides a new strategy for the synthesis of new frameworks. In this review, we summarize the recent research on the Rh-catalyzed cascade arene C-H bond activation/annulation toward diverse heterocyclic compounds. The application, scope, limitations and mechanism of these transformations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Chen
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Pengcheng Qian
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
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11
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Salazar CA, Flesch KN, Haines BE, Zhou PS, Musaev DG, Stahl SS. Tailored quinones support high-turnover Pd catalysts for oxidative C-H arylation with O 2. Science 2020; 370:1454-1460. [PMID: 33214286 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed carbon-hydrogen (C-H) oxidation reactions could streamline the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other complex organic molecules. Existing methods, however, commonly exhibit poor catalyst performance with high palladium (Pd) loading (e.g., 10 mole %) and a need for (super)stoichiometric quantities of undesirable oxidants, such as benzoquinone and silver(I) salts. The present study probes the mechanism of a representative Pd-catalyzed oxidative C-H arylation reaction and elucidates mechanistic features that undermine catalyst performance, including substrate-consuming side reactions and sequestration of the catalyst as an inactive species. Systematic tuning of the quinone cocatalyst overcomes these deleterious features. Use of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone enables efficient use of molecular oxygen as the oxidant, high reaction yields, and >1900 turnovers by the Pd catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kaylin N Flesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brandon E Haines
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Philip S Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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13
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Tereniak SJ, Bruns DL, Stahl SS. Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Thiophenes: Synergistic Benefits of Phenanthroline Dione and a Cu Cocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10.1021/jacs.0c09962. [PMID: 33155814 PMCID: PMC8099933 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Substituted bithiophenes are prominent fragments in functional organic materials, and they are ideally prepared via direct oxidative C-H/C-H coupling. Here, we report a novel PdII catalyst system, employing 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phd) as the ancillary ligand, that enables aerobic oxidative homocoupling of 2-bromothiophenes and other related heterocycles. These observations represent the first use of phd to support Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation. The reaction also benefits from a Cu(OAc)2 cocatalyst, and mechanistic studies show that Cu promotes C-C coupling, implicating a role for CuII different from its conventional contribution to reoxidation of the Pd catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
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14
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Mori A. Structure- and Functionality-Based Molecular Design of Azoles and Thiophenes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Mori
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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15
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Jiang XF, Tan H, Cui HL. FeCl 3 mediated dimerization of dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and chlorination of tetrasubstituted pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:660-665. [PMID: 31894798 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a mild and direct dimerization of dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines through FeCl3-mediated oxidative homocoupling. A series of dimeric dihydropyrroloisoquinoline derivatives were obtained in acceptable to excellent yields (up to >99%). Attempts to expand this dimerization system to the synthesis of dimeric pyrroles failed and chlorination products were obtained in most cases instead of dimeric pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Jiang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
| | - Hao Tan
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
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16
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Shinde VN, Bhuvanesh N, Kumar A, Joshi H. Design and Syntheses of Palladium Complexes of NNN/CNN Pincer Ligands: Catalyst for Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Heteroarenes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikki N. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
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17
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Wang L, Carrow BP. Oligothiophene Synthesis by a General C-H Activation Mechanism: Electrophilic Concerted Metalation-Deprotonation ( eCMD). ACS Catal 2019; 9:6821-6836. [PMID: 32704402 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative C-H/C-H coupling is a promising synthetic route for the streamlined construction of conjugated organic materials for optoelectronic applications. Broader adoption of these methods is nevertheless hindered by the need for catalysts that excel in forging core semiconductor motifs, such as ubiquitous oligothiophenes, with high efficiency in the absence of metal reagents. We report a (thioether)Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling method for the rapid assembly of both privileged oligothiophenes and challenging hindered cases, even at low catalyst loading under Ag- and Cu-free conditions. A combined experimental and computational mechanistic study was undertaken to understand how a simple thioether ligand, MeS(CH2)3SO3Na, leads to such potent reactivity toward electron-rich substrates. The consensus from these data is that a concerted, base-assisted C-H cleavage transition state is operative, but thioether coordination to Pd is associated with decreased synchronicity (bond formation exceeding bond breaking) versus the "standard" concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) model that was formalized by Fagnou in direct arylation reaction. Enhanced positive charge build-up on the substrate results from this perturbation, which rationalizes experimental trends strongly favoring π-basic sites. The term electrophilic CMD (eCMD) is introduced to distinguish this mechanism from the standard model, even though both mechanisms locate in a broad concerted continuum. More O'Ferrall-Jencks analysis further suggests eCMD should be a general mechanism manifested by many metal complexes. A preliminary classification of complexes into those favoring eCMD or standard CMD is proposed, which should be informative for studies toward tunable catalyst-controlled reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brad P. Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Pei X, Zhou G, Li X, Xu Y, Panicker RC, Srinivasan R. Sterically controlled C-H/C-H homocoupling of arenes via C-H borylation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5703-5707. [PMID: 31140535 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00995g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild one-pot protocol for the synthesis of symmetrical biaryls by sequential Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation and Cu-catalyzed homocoupling of arenes is described. The regiochemistry of the biaryl formed is sterically controlled as dictated by the C-H borylation step. The methodology is also successfully extended to heteroarenes. Some of the products obtained by this approach are impossible to obtain via the Ullmann or the Suzuki coupling protocols. Finally, we have shown a one-pot sequence describing C-H borylation/Cu-catalyzed homocoupling/Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling to obtain π-extended arene frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, Building 24, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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19
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20
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Muraoka H, Ozawa K, Ogawa S. Electrochemical studies of the multi-step multi-electron redox process of tetraferrocenyloligothiophenes with electron donor and acceptor abilities. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Muraoka
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Iwate University; Morioka Iwate Japan
| | - Kouhei Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Iwate University; Morioka Iwate Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Iwate University; Morioka Iwate Japan
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21
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22
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P S, Sau SC, Vardhanapu PK, Mandal SK. Halo-Bridged Abnormal NHC Palladium(II) Dimer for Catalytic Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling Reactions of Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9403-9411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Pavan K. Vardhanapu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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23
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Bering L, Paulussen FM, Antonchick AP. Aerobic, Metal-Free, and Catalytic Dehydrogenative Coupling of Heterocycles: En Route to Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Inhibitors. Org Lett 2018; 20:1978-1981. [PMID: 29547297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nitrosonium ion-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of heteroarenes under mild reaction conditions is reported. The developed method utilizes ambient molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant, and only water is produced as byproduct. Dehydrogenative coupling of heteroarenes translated into the rapid discovery of novel hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors, emphasizing the importance of the developed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bering
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology , Department of Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany.,TU Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Felix M Paulussen
- TU Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology , Department of Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany.,TU Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
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24
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Kang S, Moon HK, Yoon YJ, Yoon HJ. Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Pyridazinones for Functional Group Transformations. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1-11. [PMID: 29207874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While N-hetereocycles have received significant attention in organic synthesis and other research fields, the chemistry of pyridazine, a six-membered aromatic ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms, and its derivatives has been relatively little understood. This Synopsis describes recent progress made in the synthesis of pyridazine derivatives-particularly, pyridazin-3(2H)-ones-and their utility as efficient and recyclable functional group carriers for various important organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
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25
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Li H, Dailey J, Kale T, Besar K, Koehler K, Katz HE. Sensitive and Selective NO 2 Sensing Based on Alkyl- and Alkylthio-Thiophene Polymer Conductance and Conductance Ratio Changes from Differential Chemical Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20501-20507. [PMID: 28590717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NO2-responsive polymer-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are described, and room-temperature detection with high sensitivity entirely from the semiconductor was achieved. Two thiophene polymers, poly(bisdodecylquaterthiophene) and poly(bisdodecylthioquaterthiophene) (PQT12 and PQTS12, respectively), were used as active layers to detect a concentration at least as low as 1 ppm of NO2. The proportional on-current change of OFETs using these polymers reached over 400% for PQTS12, which is among the highest sensitivities reported for a NO2-responsive device based on an organic semiconducting film. From measurements of cyclic voltammetry and the electronic characteristics, we found that the introduction of sulfurs into the side chains induces traps in films of the PQTS12 and also decreases domain sizes, both of which could contribute to the higher sensitivity of PQTS12 to NO2 gas compared with PQT12. The ratio of responses of PQTS12 and PQT12 is higher for exposures to lower concentrations, making this parameter a means of distinguishing responses to low concentrations for extended times from exposures to high concentrations from shorter times. The responses to nonoxidizing vapors were much lower, indicating good selectivity to NO2 of two polymers. This work demonstrates the capability of increasing selectivity and calibration of OFET sensors by modulating redox and aggregation properties of polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jennifer Dailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tejaswini Kale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kalpana Besar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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26
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Abstract
Transition metal-mediated C-H bond activation and functionalization represent one of the most straightforward and powerful tools in modern organic synthetic chemistry. Bi(hetero)aryls are privileged π-conjugated structural cores in biologically active molecules, organic functional materials, ligands, and organic synthetic intermediates. The oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes through 2-fold C-H activation offer a valuable opportunity for rapid assembly of diverse bi(hetero)aryls and further exploitation of their applications in pharmaceutical and material sciences. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and applications of transition metal-mediated/catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes. The substrate scope, limitation, reaction mechanism, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity, as well as related control strategies of these reactions are discussed. Additionally, the applications of these established methods in the synthesis of natural products and exploitation of new organic functional materials are exemplified. In the last section, a short introduction on oxidant- or Lewis acid-mediated oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H coupling reactions is presented, considering that it is a very powerful method for the construction of biaryl units and polycylic arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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27
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Miyake H, Tajima T, Takaguchi Y. Synthesis and Light-absorption Characteristics of Thiophene Derivatives Bearing Ferrocenylthiocarbonyl Groups. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Miyake
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611
| | - Tomoyuki Tajima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530
| | - Yutaka Takaguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530
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28
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Wu W, Li J, Zhao Z, Yang X, Gao X. Synthesis of largely π-extended naphthalenediimides via C–H activation towards highly soluble and narrow band-gap organic optoelectronic materials. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Largely π-extended naphthalenediimides were synthesized by using efficient palladium catalyzed C–H/C–H homocouplings, with the yields of up to 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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29
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Toyomori Y, Tsuji S, Mitsuda S, Okayama Y, Ashida S, Mori A, Kobayashi T, Miyazaki Y, Yaita T, Arae S, Takahashi T, Ogasawara M. Bithiophene with Winding Vine-shaped Molecular Asymmetry. Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Enantioselective Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Peng X, Huang P, Jiang L, Zhu J, Liu L. Palladium-catalyzed highly regioselective oxidative homocoupling of 1,2,3-triazole N-oxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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31
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Lotz MD, Camasso NM, Canty AJ, Sanford MS. Role of Silver Salts in Palladium-Catalyzed Arene and Heteroarene C–H Functionalization Reactions. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica D. Lotz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicole M. Camasso
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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32
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Le J, Gao Y, Ding Y, Jiang C. Cu-mediated C2-dehydrogenative homocoupling of indoles via C–H activation assisted by a removable N-pyrimidyl group. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Stephens DE, Lakey-Beitia J, Chavez G, Ilie C, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Experimental and mechanistic analysis of the palladium-catalyzed oxidative C8-selective C-H homocoupling of quinoline N-oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:9507-10. [PMID: 25966913 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel site-selective palladium-catalyzed oxidative C8-H homocoupling reaction of quinoline N-oxides has been developed. The reaction affords substituted 8,8'-biquinolyl N,N'-dioxides that can be readily converted to a variety of functionalized 8,8'-biquinolyls. Mechanistic studies point to the crucial role of the oxidant and a non-innocent behavior of acetic acid as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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34
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Singh KS, Sawant SG, Dixneuf PH. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrole- and Indole-Fused Isocoumarins by C−H Bond Activation in DMF and Water. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisham S. Singh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory; CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula; Goa 403004 India
| | - Sneha G. Sawant
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory; CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula; Goa 403004 India
| | - Pierre H. Dixneuf
- Centre of Catalysis and Green Chemistry-OMC; Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226-CNRS-Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
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35
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Fang X, Zhang K, Yao H, Huang Y. Cu(i)-Catalyzed oxidative homo-coupling of thiazoline-4-carboxylates: synthesis of 4,4′-bithiazoline derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8030-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cu(i)-Catalyzed oxidative homo-coupling of thiazoline-4-carboxylates with good functional group tolerance has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Kaifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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36
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Lei S, Chen G, Mai Y, Chen L, Cai H, Tan J, Cao H. Regioselective Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with Methyl Ketones: An Efficient Route for Synthesis of 1,2-Diketones. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Lei S, Cao H, Chen L, Liu J, Cai H, Tan J. Regioselective Oxidative Homocoupling Reaction: An Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Biimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Chen X, Cui X, Yang F, Wu Y. Base-Promoted Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoline N-Oxides with 1,3-Azoles. Org Lett 2015; 17:1445-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Department
of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Ocean and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine of Huaqiao University & Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Chinese Education Ministry, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
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39
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Mo D, Zhou W, Ma X, Xu J, Jiang F, Zhu D. Alkyl functionalized bithiophene end-capped with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene units: synthesis, electropolymerization and the capacitive properties of their polymers. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Chen YA, Liu CY. Convenient synthesis of organic-electronics-oriented building blocks via on-water and under-air homocoupling of (hetero)aryl iodides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13517f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An on-water homocoupling reaction is developed for the alternative synthesis of various organic-electronically versatile bi(hetero)aryls. These multi-function building blocks are indispensable to polymer chemistry and modern organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Republic of China
| | - Ching-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Republic of China
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41
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Li H, Fu K, Boix PP, Wong LH, Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M, Mhaisalkar SG, Grimsdale AC. Hole-transporting small molecules based on thiophene cores for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:3420-3425. [PMID: 25233841 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new electron-rich molecules, 2,3,4,5-tetra[4,4'-bis(methoxyphenyl)aminophen-4"-yl]-thiophene (H111) and 4,4',5,5'-tetra[4,4'-bis(methoxyphenyl)aminophen-4"-yl]-2,2'-bithiophene (H112), which contain thiophene cores with arylamine side groups, are reported. When used as the hole-transporting material (HTM) in perovskite-based solar cell devices, power conversion efficiencies of up to 15.4% under AM 1.5G solar simulation were obtained. This is the highest efficiency achieved with HTMs not composed of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N'-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) and its isomers. Both HTMs, especially H111, have great potential to replace expensive spiro-OMeTAD given their much simpler and less expensive syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Li
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553
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42
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Gebers J, Rolland D, Marty R, Suàrez S, Cervini L, Scopelliti R, Brauer JC, Frauenrath H. Solubility and Crystallizability: Facile Access to Functionalized π-Conjugated Compounds with Chlorendylimide Protecting Groups. Chemistry 2014; 21:1542-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ananikov VP, Khemchyan LL, Ivanova YV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Sorokin AM, Prosvirin IP, Vatsadze SZ, Medved'ko AV, Nuriev VN, Dilman AD, Levin VV, Koptyug IV, Kovtunov KV, Zhivonitko VV, Likholobov VA, Romanenko AV, Simonov PA, Nenajdenko VG, Shmatova OI, Muzalevskiy VM, Nechaev MS, Asachenko AF, Morozov OS, Dzhevakov PB, Osipov SN, Vorobyeva DV, Topchiy MA, Zotova MA, Ponomarenko SA, Borshchev OV, Luponosov YN, Rempel AA, Valeeva AA, Stakheev AY, Turova OV, Mashkovsky IS, Sysolyatin SV, Malykhin VV, Bukhtiyarova GA, Terent'ev AO, Krylov IB. Development of new methods in modern selective organic synthesis: preparation of functionalized molecules with atomic precision. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v83n10abeh004471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kim HN, Park SM, Shin SC, Kim YH. New semiconducting copolymers containing alkyl quarterthiophene and alkoxy naphthalene moieties for organic thin film transistors. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Oechsle P, Paradies J. Ambidextrous Catalytic Access to Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT) Derivatives by Both Palladium-Catalyzed C–S and Oxidative Dehydro C–H Coupling. Org Lett 2014; 16:4086-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501752f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Oechsle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Capozzi B, Dell EJ, Berkelbach TC, Reichman DR, Venkataraman L, Campos LM. Length-Dependent Conductance of Oligothiophenes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10486-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505277z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Capozzi
- Department
of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Emma J. Dell
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy C. Berkelbach
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David R. Reichman
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department
of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Marzano G, Ciasca CV, Babudri F, Bianchi G, Pellegrino A, Po R, Farinola GM. Organometallic Approaches to Conjugated Polymers for Plastic Solar Cells: From Laboratory Synthesis to Industrial Production. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mo D, Zhou W, Ma X, Xu J, Zhu D, Lu B. Electrochemical synthesis and capacitance properties of a novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene bis-substituted bithiophene) electrode material. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li NN, Zhang YL, Mao S, Gao YR, Guo DD, Wang YQ. Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Homocoupling of Furans and Thiophenes Using Oxygen as the Oxidant. Org Lett 2014; 16:2732-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501019y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Colella NS, Cherniawski BP, Mannsfeld SCB, Briseno AL. Oligothiophene semiconductors: synthesis, characterization, and applications for organic devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:5327-43. [PMID: 24641239 DOI: 10.1021/am4060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oligothiophenes provide a highly controlled and adaptable platform to explore various synthetic, morphologic, and electronic relationships in organic semiconductor systems. These short-chain systems serve as models for establishing valuable structure-property relationships to their polymer analogs. In contrast to their polymer counterparts, oligothiophenes afford high-purity and well-defined materials that can be easily modified with a variety of functional groups. Recent work by a number of research groups has revealed functionalized oligothiophenes to be the up-and-coming generation of advanced materials for organic electronic devices. In this review, we discuss the synthesis and characterization of linear oligothiophenes with a focus on applications in organic field effect transistors and organic photovoltaics. We will highlight key structural parameters, such as crystal packing, intermolecular interactions, polymorphism, and energy levels, which in turn define the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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