1
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Moeller M, Dhar D, Dräger G, Özbasi M, Struwe H, Wildhagen M, Davari MD, Beutel S, Kirschning A. Sesquiterpene Cyclase BcBOT2 Promotes the Unprecedented Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement of the Methoxy Group. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17838-17846. [PMID: 38888422 PMCID: PMC11228982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Presilphiperfolan-8β-ol synthase (BcBOT2), a substrate-promiscuous sesquiterpene cyclase (STC) of fungal origin, is capable of converting two new farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) derivatives modified at C7 of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) bearing either a hydroxymethyl group or a methoxymethyl group. These substrates were chosen based on a computationally generated model. Biotransformations yielded five new oxygenated terpenoids. Remarkably, the formation of one of these tricyclic products can only be explained by a cationically induced migration of the methoxy group, presumably via a Meerwein-salt intermediate, unprecedented in synthetic chemistry and biosynthesis. The results show the great principle and general potential of terpene cyclases for mechanistic studies of unusual cation chemistry and for the creation of new terpene skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Moeller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dipendu Dhar
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute
of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mikail Özbasi
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henry Struwe
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maik Wildhagen
- Institute
for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University
Hannover, Callinstr.
5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute
of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Institute
for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University
Hannover, Callinstr.
5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Uppsala
Biomedical Center (BMC), University Uppsala, Husargatan 3, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Xiao Y, Tan X, He Q, Yang S. Systematic metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for β-farnesene production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1392556. [PMID: 38827034 PMCID: PMC11140730 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1392556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanologenic bacterium that can produce hopanoids using farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which can be used as the precursor by β-farnesene synthase for β-farnesene production. To explore the possibility and bottlenecks of developing Z. mobilis for β-farnesene production, five heterologous β-farnesene synthases were selected and screened, and AaBFS from Artemisia annua had the highest β-farnesene titer. Recombinant strains with AaBFS driven by the strong constitutive promoter Pgap (Pgap-AaBFS) doubled its β-farnesene production to 25.73 ± 0.31 mg/L compared to the recombinant strain with AaBFS driven by Ptet (Ptet-AaBFS), which can be further improved by overexpressing the Pgap-AaBFS construct using the strategies of multiple plasmids (41.00 ± 0.40 mg/L) or genomic multi-locus integration (48.33 ± 3.40 mg/L). The effect of cofactor NADPH balancing on β-farnesene production was also investigated, which can be improved only in zwf-overexpressing strains but not in ppnK-overexpressing strains, indicating that cofactor balancing is important and sophisticated. Furthermore, the β-farnesene titer was improved to 73.30 ± 0.71 mg/L by overexpressing dxs, ispG, and ispH. Finally, the β-farnesene production was increased to 159.70 ± 7.21 mg/L by fermentation optimization, including the C/N ratio, flask working volume, and medium/dodecane ratio, which was nearly 13-fold improved from the parental strain. This work thus not only generated a recombinant β-farnesene production Z. mobilis strain but also unraveled the bottlenecks to engineer Z. mobilis for farnesene production, which will help guide the future rational design and construction of cell factories for terpenoid production in non-model industrial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Eaton SA, Christianson DW. Structure-Based Engineering of a Sesquiterpene Cyclase to Generate an Alcohol Product: Conversion of epi-Isozizaene Synthase into α-Bisabolol Synthase. Biochemistry 2024; 63:797-805. [PMID: 38420671 PMCID: PMC10961106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The sesquiterpene cyclase epi-isozizaene synthase (EIZS) from Streptomyces coelicolor catalyzes the metal-dependent conversion of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into the complex tricyclic product epi-isozizaene. This remarkable transformation is governed by an active site contour that serves as a template for catalysis, directing the conformations of multiple carbocation intermediates leading to the final product. Mutagenesis of residues defining the active site contour remolds its three-dimensional shape and reprograms the cyclization cascade to generate alternative cyclization products. In some cases, mutagenesis enables alternative chemistry to quench carbocation intermediates, e.g., through hydroxylation. Here, we combine structural and biochemical data from previously characterized EIZS mutants to design and prepare F95S-F198S EIZS, which converts EIZS into an α-bisabolol synthase with moderate fidelity (65% at 18 °C, 74% at 4 °C). We report the complete biochemical characterization of this double mutant as well as the 1.47 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of its complex with three Mg2+ ions, inorganic pyrophosphate, and the benzyltriethylammonium cation, which partially mimics a carbocation intermediate. Most notably, the two mutations together create an active site contour that stabilizes the bisabolyl carbocation intermediate and positions a water molecule for the hydroxylation reaction. Structural comparison with a naturally occurring α-bisabolol synthase reveals common active site features that direct α-bisabolol generation. In showing that EIZS can be redesigned to generate a sesquiterpene alcohol product instead of a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon product, we have expanded the potential of EIZS as a platform for the development of designer cyclases that could be utilized in synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Eaton
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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4
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Li H, Dickschat JS. Enzymatic Synthesis of Diterpenoids from iso-GGPP III: A Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Analog with a Shifted Double Bond. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303560. [PMID: 37947363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The analog of the diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate with a double bond shifted from C14=C15 to C15=C16 (named iso-GGPP III) has been synthesized and enzymatically converted with six bacterial diterpene synthases; this allowed the isolation of nine unnatural diterpenes. For some of the enzyme-substrate combinations, the different reactivity implemented in the substrate analog iso-GGPP III opened reaction pathways that are not observed with natural GGPP, resulting in the formation of diterpenes with novel skeletons. A stereoselective deuteration strategy was used to assign the absolute configurations of the isolated diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Xu H, Dickschat JS. Isotopic labelings for mechanistic studies. Methods Enzymol 2024; 699:163-186. [PMID: 38942502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The intricate mechanisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes belong to the most challenging problems in natural product chemistry. Methods to address these problems include the structure-based site-directed mutagenesis of terpene synthases, computational approaches, and isotopic labeling experiments. The latter approach has a long tradition in biosynthesis studies and has recently experienced a revival, after genome sequencing enabled rapid access to biosynthetic genes and enzymes. Today, this allows for a combined approach in which isotopically labeled substrates can be incubated with recombinant terpene synthases. These clearly defined reaction setups can give detailed mechanistic insights into the reactions catalyzed by terpene synthases, and recent developments have substantially deepened our understanding of terpene biosynthesis. This chapter will discuss the state of the art and introduce some of the most important methods that make use of isotopic labelings in mechanistic studies on terpene synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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6
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Whitehead J, Leferink NGH, Johannissen LO, Hay S, Scrutton NS. Decoding Catalysis by Terpene Synthases. ACS Catal 2023; 13:12774-12802. [PMID: 37822860 PMCID: PMC10563020 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The review by Christianson, published in 2017 on the twentieth anniversary of the emergence of the field, summarizes the foundational discoveries and key advances in terpene synthase/cyclase (TS) biocatalysis (Christianson, D. W. Chem Rev2017, 117 (17), 11570-11648. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00287). Here, we review the TS literature published since then, bringing the field up to date and looking forward to what could be the near future of TS rational design. Many revealing discoveries have been made in recent years, building on the knowledge and fundamental principles uncovered during those initial two decades of study. We use these to explore TS reaction chemistry and see how a combined experimental and computational approach helps to decipher the complexities of TS catalysis. Revealed are a suite of catalytic motifs which control product outcome in TSs, some obvious, some more subtle. We examine each in detail, using the most recent papers and insights to illustrate how exactly this fascinating class of enzymes takes a single acyclic substrate and turns it into the many thousands of complex terpenoids found in Nature. We then explore some of the recent strategies for TS engineering, including machine learning and other data-driven approaches. From this, rational and predictive engineering of TSs, "designer terpene synthases", will begin to emerge as a realistic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
N. Whitehead
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole G. H. Leferink
- Future
Biomanufacturing Research Hub (FBRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
Department of Chemistry, The University
of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
| | - Linus O. Johannissen
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Future
Biomanufacturing Research Hub (FBRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
Department of Chemistry, The University
of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
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7
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Chhalodia AK, Xu H, Tabekoueng GB, Gu B, Taizoumbe KA, Lauterbach L, Dickschat JS. Functional characterisation of twelve terpene synthases from actinobacteria. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1386-1398. [PMID: 37736393 PMCID: PMC10509563 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen type I terpene synthase homologs from diverse actinobacteria that were selected based on a phylogenetic analysis of more than 4000 amino acid sequences were investigated for their products. For four enzymes with functions not previously reported from bacterial terpene synthases the products were isolated and their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, resulting in the discovery of the first terpene synthases for (+)-δ-cadinol and (+)-α-cadinene, besides the first two bacterial (-)-amorpha-4,11-diene synthases. For other terpene synthases with functions reported from bacteria before the products were identified by GC-MS. The characterised enzymes include a new epi-isozizaene synthase with monoterpene synthase side activity, a 7-epi-α-eudesmol synthase that also produces hedycaryol and germacrene A, and four more sesquiterpene synthases that produce mixtures of hedycaryol and germacrene A. Three phylogenetically related enzymes were in one case not expressed and in two cases inactive, suggesting pseudogenisation in the respective branch of the phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, a diterpene synthase for allokutznerene and a sesterterpene synthase for sesterviolene were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Chhalodia
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Georges B Tabekoueng
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Binbin Gu
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kizerbo A Taizoumbe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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8
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Eaton SA, Christianson DW. Reprogramming the Cyclization Cascade of epi-Isozizaene Synthase to Generate Alternative Terpene Products. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2301-2313. [PMID: 37449555 PMCID: PMC10527993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The class I sesquiterpene cyclase epi-isozizaene synthase from Streptomyces coelicolor (EIZS) catalyzes the transformation of linear farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into the tricyclic hydrocarbon epi-isozizaene in the biosynthesis of albaflavenone antibiotics. The active site cavity of EIZS is largely framed by four aromatic residues - F95, F96, F198, and W203 - that form a product-shaped contour, serving as a template to chaperone conformations of the flexible substrate and multiple carbocation intermediates leading to epi-isozizaene. Remolding the active site contour by mutagenesis can redirect the cyclization cascade away from epi-isozizaene biosynthesis to generate alternative sesquiterpene products. Here, we present the biochemical and structural characterization of four EIZS mutants in which aromatic residues have been substituted with polar residues (F95S, F96H, F198S, and F198T) to generate alternative cyclization products. Most notably, F95S EIZS generates a mixture of monocyclic sesquiterpene precursors of bisabolane, a D2 diesel fuel substitute. X-ray crystal structures of the characterized mutants reveal subtle changes in the active site contour showing how each aromatic residue influences the chemistry of a different carbocation intermediate in the cyclization cascade. We advance that EIZS may serve as a robust platform for the development of designer cyclases for the generation of high-value sesquiterpene products ranging from pharmaceuticals to biofuels in synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Eaton
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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9
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Tarasova EV, Luchnikova NA, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB. Actinomycetes as Producers of Biologically Active Terpenoids: Current Trends and Patents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:872. [PMID: 37375819 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and their derivatives (terpenoids and meroterpenoids, in particular) constitute the largest class of natural compounds, which have valuable biological activities and are promising therapeutic agents. The present review assesses the biosynthetic capabilities of actinomycetes to produce various terpene derivatives; reports the main methodological approaches to searching for new terpenes and their derivatives; identifies the most active terpene producers among actinomycetes; and describes the chemical diversity and biological properties of the obtained compounds. Among terpene derivatives isolated from actinomycetes, compounds with pronounced antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other effects were determined. Actinomycete-produced terpenoids and meroterpenoids with high antimicrobial activity are of interest as a source of novel antibiotics effective against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Most of the discovered terpene derivatives are produced by the genus Streptomyces; however, recent publications have reported terpene biosynthesis by members of the genera Actinomadura, Allokutzneria, Amycolatopsis, Kitasatosporia, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis, Salinispora, Verrucosispora, etc. It should be noted that the use of genetically modified actinomycetes is an effective tool for studying and regulating terpenes, as well as increasing productivity of terpene biosynthesis in comparison with native producers. The review includes research articles on terpene biosynthesis by Actinomycetes between 2000 and 2022, and a patent analysis in this area shows current trends and actual research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Tarasova
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Natalia A Luchnikova
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Victoria V Grishko
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Irina B Ivshina
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
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10
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Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of natural products is critical for their biological activities and, as such, enzymes have evolved that specifically generate active stereoisomers. Lanthipeptides are post-translationally modified peptidic natural products that contain macrocyclic thioethers featuring lanthionine (Lan) and/or methyllanthionine (MeLan) residues with defined stereochemistry. In this report, we compare two class I lanthipeptide biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), coi and olv, that represent two families of lanthipeptide gene clusters found in Actinobacteria. The precursor peptides and BGCs are quite similar with genes encoding a dehydratase, cyclase, and methyltransferase (MT). We illustrate that the precursor peptide CoiA1 is converted by these enzymes into a polymacrocyclic product, mCoiA1, that contains an analogous ring pattern to the previously characterized post-translationally modified OlvA peptide (mOlvA). However, a clear distinction between the two BGCs is an additional Thr-glutamyl lyase (GL) domain that is fused to the MT, CoiSA, which results in divergence of the product stereochemistry for the coi BGC. Two out of three MeLan rings of mCoiA1 contain different stereochemistry than the corresponding residues in mOlvA, with the most notable difference being a rare d-allo-l-MeLan residue, the formation of which is guided by CoiSA. This study illustrates how nature utilizes a distinct GL to control natural product stereochemistry in lanthipeptide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Sarksian
- Department
of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61822, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department
of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61822, United States,Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61822, United States,. Tel: 217 244 5360
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11
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Kim V, Kim D, Lee S, Lee G, Lee SA, Kang LW, Kim D. Structural characterization and fatty acid epoxidation of CYP184A1 from Streptomyces avermitilis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109338. [PMID: 35779593 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The genome of Streptomyces avermitilis contains 33 cytochrome P450 genes. Among the P450 gene products of S. avermitilis, we characterized the biochemical function and structural aspects of CYP184A1. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that CYP184A1 induced an epoxidation reaction to produce 9,10-epoxystearic acid. Steady-state kinetic analysis yielded a kcat value of 0.0067 min-1 and a Km value 10 μM. The analysis of its crystal structures illustrated that the overall CYP184A1 structure adopts the canonical scaffold of cytochrome P450 and possesses a narrow and deep substrate pocket architecture that is required for binding to linear chain fatty acids. In the structure of the CYP184A1 oleic acid complex (CYP184A1-OA), C9-C10 of oleic acid was bound to heme for the productive epoxidation reaction. This study elucidates the roles of P450 enzymes in the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids in Streptomyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitchan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Dogyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Gyuhyeong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Sang-A Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Lin-Woo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05025, South Korea.
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12
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Vo NNQ, Nomura Y, Kinugasa K, Takagi H, Takahashi S. Identification and Characterization of Bifunctional Drimenol Synthases of Marine Bacterial Origin. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1226-1238. [PMID: 35446557 PMCID: PMC9128629 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural drimane-type sesquiterpenes, including drimenol, display diverse biological activities. These active compounds are distributed in plants and fungi; however, their accumulation in bacteria remains unknown. Consequently, bacterial drimane-type sesquiterpene synthases remain to be characterized. Here, we report five drimenol synthases (DMSs) of marine bacterial origin, all belonging to the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD)-like hydrolase superfamily with the conserved DDxxE motif typical of class I terpene synthases and the DxDTT motif found in class II diterpene synthases. They catalyze two continuous reactions: the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) into drimenyl pyrophosphate and dephosphorylation of drimenyl pyrophosphate into drimenol. Protein structure modeling of the characterized Aquimarina spongiae DMS (AsDMS) suggests that the FPP substrate is located within the interdomain created by the DDxxE motif of N-domain and DxDTT motif of C-domain. Biochemical analysis revealed two aspartate residues of the DDxxE motif that might contribute to the capture of the pyrophosphate moiety of FPP inside the catalytic site of AsDMS, which is essential for efficient cyclization and subsequent dephosphorylation reactions. The middle aspartate residue of the DxDTT motif is also critical for cyclization. Thus, AsDMS utilizes both motifs in the reactions. Remarkably, the unique protein architecture of AsDMS, which is characterized by the fusion of a HAD-like domain (N-domain) and a terpene synthase β domain (C-domain), significantly differentiates this new enzyme. Our findings of the first examples of bacterial DMSs suggest the biosynthesis of drimane sesquiterpenes in bacteria and shed light on the divergence of the structures and functions of terpene synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Ngoc Quynh Vo
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuhta Nomura
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kinugasa
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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13
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Yuan JZ, Yang YL, Li W, Yang L, Dai HF, Mándi A, Cai CH, Chen HQ, Dong WH, Kurtán T, Mei WL, Wang H. Zizaane-Type Sesquiterpenoids and Their Rearranged Derivatives from Agarwood of an Aquilaria Plant. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010198. [PMID: 35011431 PMCID: PMC8746309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine new sesquiterpenoids (1–9) were isolated from ethyl ether extract of agarwood originated from Aquilaria sp., including three novel sesquiterpenoids (1–3) derived from zizaane, together with six zizaane-type sesquiterpenoids (4–9). All structures were unambiguously elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as by HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of sesquiterpenoids was determined by comparison of the experimental and computed ECD spectra. In vitro anti-inflammatory assessment showed that compound 9 exhibited inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 62.22 ± 1.27 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhe Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Yi-Ling Yang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Wei Li
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Li Yang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Cai-Hong Cai
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Hui-Qin Chen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Wen-Hua Dong
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
- Correspondence: (W.-L.M.); (H.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-898-66987529 (W.-L.M.); +86-898-66988061 (H.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (L.Y.); (H.-F.D.); (C.-H.C.); (H.-Q.C.); (W.-H.D.)
- Correspondence: (W.-L.M.); (H.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-898-66987529 (W.-L.M.); +86-898-66988061 (H.W.)
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14
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Avalos M, Garbeva P, Vader L, van Wezel GP, Dickschat JS, Ulanova D. Biosynthesis, evolution and ecology of microbial terpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:249-272. [PMID: 34612321 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: through June 2021Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products recognised to date. While mostly known to humans as bioactive plant metabolites and part of essential oils, structurally diverse terpenoids are increasingly reported to be produced by microorganisms. For many of the compounds biological functions are yet unknown, but during the past years significant insights have been obtained for the role of terpenoids in microbial chemical ecology. Their functions include stress alleviation, maintenance of cell membrane integrity, photoprotection, attraction or repulsion of organisms, host growth promotion and defense. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the biosynthesis and evolution of microbial terpenoids, and their ecological and biological roles in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Perspectives on their biotechnological applications, knowledge gaps and questions for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Avalos
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vader
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dana Ulanova
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
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15
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Hou A, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Functional Switch and Ethyl Group Formation in the Bacterial Polytrichastrene Synthase from Chryseobacterium polytrichastri. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20781-20785. [PMID: 34318977 PMCID: PMC8518897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A reinvestigation of the linalool synthase from Chryseobacterium polytrichastri uncovered its diterpene synthase activity, yielding polytrichastrene A and polytrichastrol A with new skeletons, besides known wanju-2,5-diene and thunbergol. The enzyme mechanism was investigated by isotopic labeling experiments and DFT calculations to explain an unusual ethyl group formation. Rationally designed exchanges of active site residues showed major functional switches, resulting for I66F in the production of five more new compounds, including polytrichastrene B and polytrichastrol B, while A87T, A192V and the double exchange A87T, A192V gave a product shift towards wanju-2,5-diene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939CologneGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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16
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Medema MH, de Rond T, Moore BS. Mining genomes to illuminate the specialized chemistry of life. Nat Rev Genet 2021; 22:553-571. [PMID: 34083778 PMCID: PMC8364890 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-021-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
All organisms produce specialized organic molecules, ranging from small volatile chemicals to large gene-encoded peptides, that have evolved to provide them with diverse cellular and ecological functions. As natural products, they are broadly applied in medicine, agriculture and nutrition. The rapid accumulation of genomic information has revealed that the metabolic capacity of virtually all organisms is vastly underappreciated. Pioneered mainly in bacteria and fungi, genome mining technologies are accelerating metabolite discovery. Recent efforts are now being expanded to all life forms, including protists, plants and animals, and new integrative omics technologies are enabling the increasingly effective mining of this molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tristan de Rond
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Hou A, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Funktionaler Schalter und Ethylgruppenbildung der Bakteriellen Polytrichastrensynthase aus
Chryseobacterium polytrichastri. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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18
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Abstract
Covering: up to mid-2020 Terpenoids, also called isoprenoids, are the largest and most structurally diverse family of natural products. Found in all domains of life, there are over 80 000 known compounds. The majority of characterized terpenoids, which include some of the most well known, pharmaceutically relevant, and commercially valuable natural products, are produced by plants and fungi. Comparatively, terpenoids of bacterial origin are rare. This is counter-intuitive to the fact that recent microbial genomics revealed that almost all bacteria have the biosynthetic potential to create the C5 building blocks necessary for terpenoid biosynthesis. In this review, we catalogue terpenoids produced by bacteria. We collected 1062 natural products, consisting of both primary and secondary metabolites, and classified them into two major families and 55 distinct subfamilies. To highlight the structural and chemical space of bacterial terpenoids, we discuss their structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities. Although the bacterial terpenome is relatively small, it presents a fascinating dichotomy for future research. Similarities between bacterial and non-bacterial terpenoids and their biosynthetic pathways provides alternative model systems for detailed characterization while the abundance of novel skeletons, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivies presents new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Tyler A Alsup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Baofu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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19
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Xu B, Li Z, Alsup TA, Ehrenberger MA, Rudolf JD. Bacterial diterpene synthases prenylate small molecules. ACS Catal 2021; 11:5906-5915. [PMID: 34796043 PMCID: PMC8594881 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of terpenoid natural products begins with a carbocation-based cyclization or prenylation reaction. While these reactions are mechanistically similar, there are several families of enzymes, namely terpene synthases and prenyltransferases, that have evolved to specifically catalyze terpene cyclization or prenylation reactions. Here, we report that bacterial diterpene synthases, enzymes that are traditionally considered to be specific for cyclization, are capable of efficiently catalyzing both diterpene cyclization and the prenylation of small molecules. We investigated this unique dual reactivity of terpene synthases through a series of kinetic, biocatalytic, structural, and bioinformatics studies. Overall, this study unveils the ability of terpene synthases to catalyze C-, N-, O-, and S-prenylation on small molecules, proposes a substrate decoy mechanism for prenylation by terpene synthases, supports the physiological relevance of terpene synthase-catalyzed prenylation in vivo, and addresses questions regarding the evolution of prenylation function and its potential role in natural products biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tyler A. Alsup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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20
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Abstract
The product of a terpene synthase from Streptomyces lincolnensis has been identified as the new natural product isoishwarane. The enzyme mechanism was studied by isotopic labelling experiments and site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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21
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Ronnebaum TA, Gardner SM, Christianson DW. An Aromatic Cluster in the Active Site of epi-Isozizaene Synthase Is an Electrostatic Toggle for Divergent Terpene Cyclization Pathways. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4744-4754. [PMID: 33270439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sesquiterpene cyclase epi-isozizaene synthase (EIZS) catalyzes the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate to form the tricyclic precursor of the antibiotic albaflavenone. The hydrophobic active site is largely defined by aromatic residues that direct a multistep reaction sequence through multiple carbocation intermediates. The previous substitution of polar residues for a key aromatic residue, F96, converts EIZS into a high-fidelity sesquisabinene synthase: the F96S, F96M, and F96Q variants generate 78%, 91%, and 97% sesquisabinene A, respectively. Here, we report high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of two of these reprogrammed cyclases. The structures of the F96M EIZS-Mg2+3-risedronate and F96M EIZS-Mg2+3-inorganic pyrophosphate-benzyltriethylammonium cation complexes reveal structural changes in the F96 aromatic cluster that redirect the cyclization pathway leading from the bisabolyl carbocation intermediate in catalysis. The structure of the F96S EIZS-Mg2+3-neridronate complex reveals a partially occupied inhibitor and an enzyme active site caught in transition between open and closed states. Finally, three structures of wild-type EIZS complexed with the bisphosphonate inhibitors neridronate, pamidronate, and risedronate provide a foundation for understanding binding differences between wild-type and variant enzymes. These structures provide new insight regarding active site flexibility, particularly with regard to the potential for subtle expansion and contraction to accommodate ligands of varying sizes as well as bound water molecules. Additionally, these structures highlight the importance of conformational changes in the F96 aromatic cluster that could influence cation-π interactions with carbocation intermediates in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey A Ronnebaum
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sarah M Gardner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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22
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Geiselman GM, Kirby J, Landera A, Otoupal P, Papa G, Barcelos C, Sundstrom ER, Das L, Magurudeniya HD, Wehrs M, Rodriguez A, Simmons BA, Magnuson JK, Mukhopadhyay A, Lee TS, George A, Gladden JM. Conversion of poplar biomass into high-energy density tricyclic sesquiterpene jet fuel blendstocks. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:208. [PMID: 33183275 PMCID: PMC7659065 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In an effort to ensure future energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create domestic jobs, the US has invested in technologies to develop sustainable biofuels and bioproducts from renewable carbon sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-derived jet fuel is of particular interest as aviation is less amenable to electrification compared to other modes of transportation and synthetic biology provides the ability to tailor fuel properties to enhance performance. Specific energy and energy density are important properties in determining the attractiveness of potential bio-derived jet fuels. For example, increased energy content can give the industry options such as longer range, higher load or reduced takeoff weight. Energy-dense sesquiterpenes have been identified as potential next-generation jet fuels that can be renewably produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Results We developed a biomass deconstruction and conversion process that enabled the production of two tricyclic sesquiterpenes, epi-isozizaene and prespatane, from the woody biomass poplar using the versatile basidiomycete Rhodosporidium toruloides. We demonstrated terpene production at both bench and bioreactor scales, with prespatane titers reaching 1173.6 mg/L when grown in poplar hydrolysate in a 2 L bioreactor. Additionally, we examined the theoretical fuel properties of prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states as blending options for jet fuel, and compared them to aviation fuel, Jet A. Conclusion Our findings indicate that prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states would be attractive blending options in Jet A or other lower density renewable jet fuels as they would improve viscosity and increase their energy density. Saturated epi-isozizaene and saturated prespatane have energy densities that are 16.6 and 18.8% higher than Jet A, respectively. These results highlight the potential of R. toruloides as a production host for the sustainable and scalable production of bio-derived jet fuel blends, and this is the first report of prespatane as an alternative jet fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Geiselman
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - James Kirby
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Alexander Landera
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Peter Otoupal
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Gabriella Papa
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carolina Barcelos
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eric R Sundstrom
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lalitendu Das
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Harsha D Magurudeniya
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Maren Wehrs
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alberto Rodriguez
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jon K Magnuson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Taek Soon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anthe George
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - John M Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
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23
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Bhaskar P, Sareen D. Bioinformatics approach to understand nature's unified mechanism of stereo-divergent synthesis of isoprenoid skeletons. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:142. [PMID: 32851438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In isoprenoid metabolism, cyclisation is the important gateway to chemical diversity. Terpene synthase is responsible for the cyclisation of a few universal substrates forming hundreds of often stereo-chemically complex mono- and poly-cyclic terpene hydrocarbons with a broad spectrum of functions in pharmaceuticals, flavours and fragrance industry. Although they are discovered and characterised mainly from plants and fungi, yet only a small share of bacterial terpenes has been investigated so far owing to their low level of expression in wild-type microorganisms. Extensive bacterial genome mining has revealed a treasure trove of terpene synthase genes and their regulated heterologous overexpression has pitched-in to describe the biochemical function of putative genes and sequester new terpene metabolites. This review deals with the modern genome mining techniques and molecular methods, providing more experimental tools for studying the structure and functions of terpenoid metabolites and strongly supports the idea that genome mining is a utile approach in deciphering the terpenoid diversity in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Bhaskar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Dipti Sareen
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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24
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Lauterbach L, Dickschat JS. Sesquiterpene synthases for bungoene, pentalenene and epi-isozizaene from Streptomyces bungoensis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4547-4550. [PMID: 32253407 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00606h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A sesquiterpene synthase from Streptomyces bungoensis was characterised and produces the new compound bungoene. The enzyme mechanism was deeply investigated using isotopically labelled substrates. Two other enzymes from S. bungoensis made epi-isozizaene and pentalenene. Synthetic oxidative chemistry towards structurally related fusagramineol and pentalenal was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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25
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Rudolf JD, Chang CY. Terpene synthases in disguise: enzymology, structure, and opportunities of non-canonical terpene synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:425-463. [PMID: 31650156 PMCID: PMC7101268 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2019 Terpene synthases (TSs) are responsible for generating much of the structural diversity found in the superfamily of terpenoid natural products. These elegant enzymes mediate complex carbocation-based cyclization and rearrangement cascades with a variety of electron-rich linear and cyclic substrates. For decades, two main classes of TSs, divided by how they generate the reaction-triggering initial carbocation, have dominated the field of terpene enzymology. Recently, several novel and unconventional TSs that perform TS-like reactions but do not resemble canonical TSs in sequence or structure have been discovered. In this review, we identify 12 families of non-canonical TSs and examine their sequences, structures, functions, and proposed mechanisms. Nature provides a wide diversity of enzymes, including prenyltransferases, methyltransferases, P450s, and NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases, as well as completely new enzymes, that utilize distinctive reaction mechanisms for TS chemistry. These unique non-canonical TSs provide immense opportunities to understand how nature evolved different tools for terpene biosynthesis by structural and mechanistic characterization while affording new probes for the discovery of novel terpenoid natural products and gene clusters via genome mining. With every new discovery, the dualistic paradigm of TSs is contradicted and the field of terpene chemistry and enzymology continues to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Chin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kobayashi T, Abe H, Ito H. Synthetic Studies of Polycyclic Terpenoids Using the Intramolecular Aldol-Type Cyclization Reaction. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideki Abe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Hisanaka Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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27
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Garcia GP, Sutour S, Rabehaja D, Tissandié L, Filippi JJ, Tomi F. Essential oil of the malagasy grass Elionurus tristis Hack. contains several undescribed sesquiterpenoids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:29-38. [PMID: 30851508 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) obtained from aerial parts and roots of Elionurus tristis were investigated by GC, GC-MS, pc-GC and NMR. Both aerial parts and roots EOs contained common molecules such as α-pinene, camphene, trans-α-bergamotene and calarene. Moreover, we identified several unusual sesquiterpenes and four undescribed compounds, 7-epi-khusian-2-ol, 4,8-di-epi-acorone, 2-epi-ziza-5-en-2-ol and antsorenone. The last one exhibits an undescribed natural sesquiterpene skeleton. All undescribed compounds were isolated and fully characterized by MS, 1D and 2D-NMR. Furthermore, the formation pathway of the Antsorane skeleton is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel P Garcia
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134, Équipe Chimie et Biomasse, Route des Sanguinaires, Site de Vignola, 20000, Ajaccio, France.
| | - Sylvain Sutour
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Delphin Rabehaja
- Laboratoire de Contrôle Qualité et Standardisation des Phytomédicaments, Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, B.P. 3833, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Loïc Tissandié
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7272 CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Filippi
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7272 CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Félix Tomi
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134, Équipe Chimie et Biomasse, Route des Sanguinaires, Site de Vignola, 20000, Ajaccio, France.
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Martín-Sánchez L, Singh KS, Avalos M, van Wezel GP, Dickschat JS, Garbeva P. Phylogenomic analyses and distribution of terpene synthases among Streptomyces. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1181-1193. [PMID: 31293665 PMCID: PMC6604706 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpene synthases are widely distributed among microorganisms and have been mainly studied in members of the genus Streptomyces. However, little is known about the distribution and evolution of the genes for terpene synthases. Here, we performed whole-genome based phylogenetic analysis of Streptomyces species, and compared the distribution of terpene synthase genes among them. Overall, our study revealed that ten major types of terpene synthases are present within the genus Streptomyces, namely those for geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, epi-isozizaene, 7-epi-α-eudesmol, epi-cubenol, caryolan-1-ol, cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol, isoafricanol, pentalenene and α-amorphene. The Streptomyces species divide in three phylogenetic groups based on their whole genomes for which the distribution of the ten terpene synthases was analysed. Geosmin synthases were the most widely distributed and were found to be evolutionary positively selected. Other terpene synthases were found to be specific for one of the three clades or a subclade within the genus Streptomyces. A phylogenetic analysis of the most widely distributed classes of Streptomyces terpene synthases in comparison to the phylogenomic analysis of this genus is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kumar Saurabh Singh
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Avalos
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden,The Netherlands
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden,The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Blank PN, Barrow GH, Christianson DW. Crystal structure of F95Q epi-isozizaene synthase, an engineered sesquiterpene cyclase that generates biofuel precursors β- and γ-curcumene. J Struct Biol 2019; 207:218-224. [PMID: 31152775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The saturated hydrocarbon bisabolane is a diesel fuel substitute that can be derived from sesquiterpene precursors bisabolene or curcumene. These sesquiterpenes are generated from farnesyl diphosphate in reactions catalyzed by eponymous terpenoid cyclases, but they can also be generated by engineered terpenoid cyclases in which cyclization cascades have been reprogrammed by mutagenesis. Here, we describe the X-ray crystal structure determination of F95Q epi-isozizaene synthase (EIZS), in which the new activity of curcumene biosynthesis has been introduced and the native activity of epi-isozizaene biosynthesis has been suppressed. F95Q EIZS generates β- and γ-curcumene regioisomers with greater than 50% yield. Structural analysis of the closed active site conformation, stabilized by the binding of 3 Mg2+ ions, inorganic pyrophosphate, and the benzyltriethylammonium cation, reveals a product-like active site contour that serves as the cyclization template. Remolding the active site contour to resemble curcumene instead of epi-isozizaene is the principal determinant of the reprogrammed cyclization cascade. Intriguingly, an ordered water molecule comprises part of the active site contour. This water molecule may also serve as a final proton acceptor, along with inorganic pyrophosphate, in the generation of curcumene regioisomers; it may also contribute to the formation of sesquiterpene alcohols identified as minor side products. Thus, the substitution of polar side chains for nonpolar side chains in terpenoid cyclase active sites can result in the stabilization of bound water molecules that, in turn, can serve template functions in isoprenoid cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Blank
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Golda H Barrow
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States.
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Lauterbach L, Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Zwei bakterielle Diterpensynthasen aus
Allokutzneria albata
für Bonnadien sowie für Phomopsen und Allokutzneren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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31
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Lauterbach L, Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Two Bacterial Diterpene Synthases from Allokutzneria albata Produce Bonnadiene, Phomopsene, and Allokutznerene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8280-8283. [PMID: 29758116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two diterpene synthases from Allokutzneria albata were studied for their products, resulting in the identification of the new compound bonnadiene from the first enzyme. Although phylogenetically unrelated to fungal phomopsene synthase, the second enzyme produced a mixture of phomopsene and a biosynthetically linked new compound, allokutznerene, as well as spiroviolene. Both enzymes were subjected to in-depth mechanistic studies involving isotopic labelling experiments, metal-cofactor variation, and site-directed mutagenesis. Oxidation products of phomopsene and allokutznerene are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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Sesquiterpene Synthase-3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase Fusion Protein Responsible for Hirsutene Biosynthesis in Stereum hirsutum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00036-18. [PMID: 29625976 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00036-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The wood-rotting mushroom Stereum hirsutum is a known producer of a large number of namesake hirsutenoids, many with important bioactivities. Hirsutenoids form a structurally diverse and distinct class of sesquiterpenoids. No genes involved in hirsutenoid biosynthesis have yet been identified or their enzymes characterized. Here, we describe the cloning and functional characterization of a hirsutene synthase as an unexpected fusion protein of a sesquiterpene synthase (STS) with a C-terminal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) synthase (HMGS) domain. Both the full-length fusion protein and truncated STS domain are highly product-specific 1,11-cyclizing STS enzymes with kinetic properties typical of STSs. Complementation studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that the HMGS domain is also functional in vivo Phylogenetic analysis shows that the hirsutene synthase domain does not form a clade with other previously characterized sesquiterpene synthases from Basidiomycota. Comparative gene structure analysis of this hirsutene synthase with characterized fungal enzymes reveals a significantly higher intron density, suggesting that this enzyme may be acquired by horizontal gene transfer. In contrast, the HMGS domain is clearly related to other fungal homologs. This STS-HMGS fusion protein is part of a biosynthetic gene cluster that includes P450s and oxidases that are expressed and could be cloned from cDNA. Finally, this unusual fusion of a terpene synthase to an HMGS domain, which is not generally recognized as a key regulatory enzyme of the mevalonate isoprenoid precursor pathway, led to the identification of additional HMGS duplications in many fungal genomes, including the localization of HMGSs in other predicted sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic gene clusters.IMPORTANCE Hirsutenoids represent a structurally diverse class of bioactive sesquiterpenoids isolated from fungi. Identification of their biosynthetic pathways will provide access to this chemodiversity for the discovery and synthesis of molecules with new bioactivities. The identification and successful cloning of the previously elusive hirsutene synthase from the S. hirsutum provide important insights and strategies for biosynthetic gene discovery in Basidiomycota. The finding of a terpene synthase-HMGS fusion, the discovery of other sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic gene clusters with dedicated HMGS genes, and HMGS gene duplications in fungal genomes give new importance to the role of HMGS as a key regulatory enzyme in isoprenoid and sterol biosynthesis that should be exploited for metabolic engineering.
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Streptomyces spp. in the biocatalysis toolbox. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3513-3536. [PMID: 29502181 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
About 20,100 research publications dated 2000-2017 were recovered searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for Streptomyces, which are the richest known source of bioactive molecules. However, these bacteria with versatile metabolism are powerful suppliers of biocatalytic tools (enzymes) for advanced biotechnological applications such as green chemical transformations and biopharmaceutical and biofuel production. The recent technological advances, especially in DNA sequencing coupled with computational tools for protein functional and structural prediction, and the improved access to microbial diversity enabled the easier access to enzymes and the ability to engineer them to suit a wider range of biotechnological processes. The major driver behind a dramatic increase in the utilization of biocatalysis is sustainable development and the shift toward bioeconomy that will, in accordance to the UN policy agenda "Bioeconomy to 2030," become a global effort in the near future. Streptomyces spp. already play a significant role among industrial microorganisms. The intention of this minireview is to highlight the presence of Streptomyces in the toolbox of biocatalysis and to give an overview of the most important advances in novel biocatalyst discovery and applications. Judging by the steady increase in a number of recent references (228 for the 2000-2017 period), it is clear that biocatalysts from Streptomyces spp. hold promises in terms of valuable properties and applicative industrial potential.
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Liu CL, Tian T, Alonso-Gutierrez J, Garabedian B, Wang S, Baidoo EEK, Benites V, Chen Y, Petzold CJ, Adams PD, Keasling JD, Tan T, Lee TS. Renewable production of high density jet fuel precursor sesquiterpenes from Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:285. [PMID: 30377444 PMCID: PMC6195743 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aviation fuels are an important target of biofuels research due to their high market demand and competitive price. Isoprenoids have been demonstrated as good feedstocks for advanced renewable jet fuels with high energy density, high heat of combustion, and excellent cold-weather performance. In particular, sesquiterpene compounds (C15), such as farnesene and bisabolene, have been identified as promising jet fuel candidates. RESULTS In this study, we explored three sesquiterpenes-epi-isozizaene, pentalenene and α-isocomene-as novel jet fuel precursors. We performed a computational analysis to calculate the energy of combustion of these sesquiterpenes and found that their specific energies are comparable to commercial jet fuel A-1. Through heterologous MVA pathway expression and promoter engineering, we produced 727.9 mg/L epi-isozizaene, 780.3 mg/L pentalenene and 77.5 mg/L α-isocomene in Escherichia coli and 344 mg/L pentalenene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also introduced a dynamic autoinduction system using previously identified FPP-responsive promoters for inducer-free production and managed to achieve comparable amounts of each compound. CONCLUSION We produced tricyclic sesquiterpenes epi-isozizaene, pentalenene and α-isocomene, promising jet fuel feedstocks at high production titers, providing novel, sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based jet fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Tian Tian
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jorge Alonso-Gutierrez
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Brett Garabedian
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Edward E. K. Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Veronica Benites
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Christopher J. Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Paul D. Adams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Taek Soon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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Sun K, Zhu G, Hao J, Wang Y, Zhu W. Chemical-epigenetic method to enhance the chemodiversity of the marine algicolous fungus, Aspergillus terreus OUCMDZ-2739. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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36
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Blank PN, Barrow GH, Chou WKW, Duan L, Cane DE, Christianson DW. Substitution of Aromatic Residues with Polar Residues in the Active Site Pocket of epi-Isozizaene Synthase Leads to the Generation of New Cyclic Sesquiterpenes. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5798-5811. [PMID: 28967743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sesquiterpene cyclase epi-isozizaene synthase (EIZS) catalyzes the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate to form the tricyclic hydrocarbon precursor of the antibiotic albaflavenone. The hydrophobic active site pocket of EIZS serves as a template as it binds and chaperones the flexible substrate and carbocation intermediates through the conformations required for a multistep reaction sequence. We previously demonstrated that the substitution of hydrophobic residues with other hydrophobic residues remolds the template and expands product chemodiversity [Li, R., Chou, W. K. W., Himmelberger, J. A., Litwin, K. M., Harris, G. G., Cane, D. E., and Christianson, D. W. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 1155-1168]. Here, we show that the substitution of hydrophobic residues-specifically, Y69, F95, F96, and W203-with polar side chains also yields functional enzyme catalysts that expand product chemodiversity. Fourteen new EIZS mutants are reported that generate product arrays in which eight new sesquiterpene products have been identified. Of note, some mutants generate acyclic and cyclic hydroxylated products, suggesting that the introduction of polarity in the hydrophobic pocket facilitates the binding of water capable of quenching carbocation intermediates. Furthermore, the substitution of polar residues for F96 yields high-fidelity sesquisabinene synthases. Crystal structures of selected mutants reveal that residues defining the three-dimensional contour of the hydrophobic pocket can be substituted without triggering significant structural changes elsewhere in the active site. Thus, more radical nonpolar-polar amino acid substitutions should be considered when terpenoid cyclase active sites are remolded by mutagenesis with the goal of exploring and expanding product chemodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Blank
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Golda H Barrow
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Wayne K W Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9108, United States
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9108, United States
| | - David E Cane
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9108, United States
| | - David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Abstract
![]()
The
year 2017 marks the twentieth anniversary of terpenoid cyclase
structural biology: a trio of terpenoid cyclase structures reported
together in 1997 were the first to set the foundation for understanding
the enzymes largely responsible for the exquisite chemodiversity of
more than 80000 terpenoid natural products. Terpenoid cyclases catalyze
the most complex chemical reactions in biology, in that more than
half of the substrate carbon atoms undergo changes in bonding and
hybridization during a single enzyme-catalyzed cyclization reaction.
The past two decades have witnessed structural, functional, and computational
studies illuminating the modes of substrate activation that initiate
the cyclization cascade, the management and manipulation of high-energy
carbocation intermediates that propagate the cyclization cascade,
and the chemical strategies that terminate the cyclization cascade.
The role of the terpenoid cyclase as a template for catalysis is paramount
to its function, and protein engineering can be used to reprogram
the cyclization cascade to generate alternative and commercially important
products. Here, I review key advances in terpenoid cyclase structural
and chemical biology, focusing mainly on terpenoid cyclases and related
prenyltransferases for which X-ray crystal structures have informed
and advanced our understanding of enzyme structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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38
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Rinkel J, Rabe P, Chen X, Köllner TG, Chen F, Dickschat JS. Mechanisms of the Diterpene Cyclases β-Pinacene Synthase fromDictyostelium discoideumand Hydropyrene Synthase fromStreptomyces clavuligerus. Chemistry 2017; 23:10501-10505. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Xinlu Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Tennessee; 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996-4561 USA
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Tennessee; 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996-4561 USA
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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40
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Le Bideau F, Kousara M, Chen L, Wei L, Dumas F. Tricyclic Sesquiterpenes from Marine Origin. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6110-6159. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Le Bideau
- BioCIS,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mohammad Kousara
- BioCIS,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Al Andalus University, P.O. Box 101, Tartus, Al Qadmus, Syria
| | - Li Chen
- BioCIS,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Lai Wei
- BioCIS,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Françoise Dumas
- BioCIS,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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41
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The antibiotic resistance crisis, with a focus on the United States. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 70:520-526. [PMID: 28246379 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Beginning with the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in the late 1920s, antibiotics have revolutionized the field of medicine. They have saved millions of lives each year, alleviated pain and suffering, and have even been used prophylactically for the prevention of infectious diseases. However, we have now reached a crisis where many antibiotics are no longer effective against even the simplest infections. Such infections often result in an increased number of hospitalizations, more treatment failures and the persistence of drug-resistant pathogens. Of particular concern are organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, multidrug and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and bacteria that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases, such as Escherichia coli. To make matters worse, there has been a steady decline in the discovery of new and effective antibiotics for a number of reasons. These include increased costs, lack of adequate support from the government, poor returns on investment, regulatory hurdles and pharmaceutical companies that have simply abandoned the antibacterial arena. Instead, many have chosen to focus on developing drugs that will be used on a chronic basis, which will offer a greater profit and more return on investment. Therefore, there is now an urgent need to develop new and useful antibiotics to avoid returning to the 'pre-antibiotic era'. Some potential opportunities for antibiotic discovery include better economic incentives, genome mining, rational metabolic engineering, combinatorial biosynthesis and further exploration of the earth's biodiversity.
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42
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Rabe P, Samborskyy M, Leadlay PF, Dickschat JS. Isoafricanol synthase from Streptomyces malaysiensis. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2353-2358. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A terpene cyclases from Streptomyces malaysiensis was characterised as (+)-isoafricanol synthase and its mechanism was investigated using isotopically labelled substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | | | | | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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43
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Rabe P, Schmitz T, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic investigations on six bacterial terpene cyclases. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1839-1850. [PMID: 27829890 PMCID: PMC5082573 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The products obtained by incubation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) with six purified bacterial terpene cyclases were characterised by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic methods, allowing for a full structure elucidation. The absolute configurations of four terpenes were determined based on their optical rotary powers. Incubation experiments with 13C-labelled isotopomers of FPP in buffers containing water or deuterium oxide allowed for detailed insights into the cyclisation mechanisms of the bacterial terpene cyclases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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44
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Guzzetti D, Lebrun A, Subileau M, Grousseau E, Dubreucq E, Drone J. A Catalytically Competent Terpene Synthase Inferred Using Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction Strategy. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guzzetti
- Ingénierie
des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, UMR IATE, SupAgro/INRA/CIRAD/UM, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélien Lebrun
- Laboratoire
de
Mesures Physiques, Place Eugène
Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Maeva Subileau
- Ingénierie
des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, UMR IATE, SupAgro/INRA/CIRAD/UM, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Grousseau
- Ingénierie
des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, UMR IATE, SupAgro/INRA/CIRAD/UM, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Dubreucq
- Ingénierie
des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, UMR IATE, SupAgro/INRA/CIRAD/UM, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jullien Drone
- Ingénierie
des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, UMR IATE, SupAgro/INRA/CIRAD/UM, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
- École Nationale
Supérieure de Chimie Montpellier, 8 Rue de l′École Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France
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45
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Rabe P, Klapschinski TA, Dickschat JS. Position-Specific Mass Shift Analysis: A Systematic Method for Investigating the EI-MS Fragmentation Mechanism of epi-Isozizaene. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1333-7. [PMID: 27123899 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The EI-MS fragmentation mechanism of the bacterial sesquiterpene epi-isozizaene was investigated through enzymatic conversion of all 15 synthetic ((13) C1 )FPP isotopomers with the epi-isozizaene synthase from Streptomyces albus and GC-MS and GC-QTOF analysis including MS-MS. A systematic method, which we wish to call position-specific mass shift analysis, for the identification of the full set of fragmentation reactions was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim A Klapschinski
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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46
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Hare SR, Tantillo DJ. Dynamic behavior of rearranging carbocations - implications for terpene biosynthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:377-90. [PMID: 27340434 PMCID: PMC4902080 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes unexpected dynamical behaviors of rearranging carbocations and the modern computational methods used to elucidate these aspects of reaction mechanisms. Unique potential energy surface topologies associated with these rearrangements have been discovered in recent years that are not only of fundamental interest, but also provide insight into the way Nature manipulates chemical space to accomplish specific chemical transformations. Cautions for analyzing both experimental and theoretical data on carbocation rearrangements are included throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Hare
- Department of Chemistry, University of California–Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California–Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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47
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Albaflavenoid, a new tricyclic sesquiterpenoid from Streptomyces violascens. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:773-775. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Abstract
This review summarises the characterised bacterial terpene cyclases and their products and discusses the enzyme mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S. Dickschat
- University of Bonn
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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49
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Rabe P, Rinkel J, Klapschinski TA, Barra L, Dickschat JS. A method for investigating the stereochemical course of terpene cyclisations. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:158-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01998b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The products of three bacterial terpene cyclases were characterised and the mechanisms of their formations were investigated using isotopic labellings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Tim A. Klapschinski
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Lena Barra
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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50
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Ding L, Goerls H, Dornblut K, Lin W, Maier A, Fiebig HH, Hertweck C. Bacaryolanes A-C, Rare Bacterial Caryolanes from a Mangrove Endophyte. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2963-2967. [PMID: 26611524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Caryolanes are known as typical plant-derived sesquiterpenes. Here we describe the isolation and full structure elucidation of three caryolanes, bacaryolane A-C (1-3), that are produced by a bacterial endophyte (Streptomyces sp. JMRC:ST027706) of the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. By 2D NMR, analysis of the first X-ray crystallographic data of a caryolane (bacaryolane C), CD spectroscopy, and comparison with data for plant-derived caryolanes, we rigorously established the absolute configuration of the bacaryolanes and related compounds from bacteria. Bacterial caryolanes appear as the mirror images of typical plant caryolanes. Apparently plant and bacteria harbor stereodivergent biosynthetic pathways, which may be used as metabolic signatures. The discovery of plant-like volatile terpenes in endophytes not only is an important addition to the bacterial terpenome but may also point to complex molecular interactions in the plant-microbe association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Goerls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University , Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Dornblut
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Armin Maier
- Oncotest GmbH , Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University , 07737 Jena, Germany
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