1
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Yang S, Xu P. HemoDL: Hemolytic peptides prediction by double ensemble engines from Rich sequence-derived and transformer-enhanced information. Anal Biochem 2024; 690:115523. [PMID: 38552762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Hemolytic peptides can trigger hemolysis by rupturing red blood cells' membranes and triggering cell disruption. Due to the labor-intensive and time-consuming in-lab identification process, accurate, high-throughput hemolytic peptide prediction is crucial for the growth of peptide sequence data in proteomics and peptidomics. In this study, we offer the HemoDL ensemble learning model, which learns the distinct distribution of sequence characteristics for predicting the hemolytic activity of peptides using a double LightGBM framework. To determine the most informative encoding features, we compare 17 widely used features across four benchmark datasets. Our investigation reveals that CTD, BPF, Charge, AAC, GDPC, ATC, QSO, and transformer-based features exhibit more positive contributions to detecting the hemolytic activity of peptides. Comparison with eight state-of-the-art methods demonstrates that HemoDL outperforms other models, attaining higher Matthews Correlation Coefficient values on four test datasets, ranging from 6.30% to 16.04%, 6.63%-11.26%, 4.76%-9.92%, and 7.41%-15.03%, respectively. Additionally, we provide the HemoDL with a user-friendly graphical interface available at https://github.com/abcair/HemoDL. In summary, the HemoDL model, leveraging CTD, BPF, Charge, AAC, GDPC, ATC, QSO and transformer-based encoding features within a double LightGBM learning framework, achieves high accuracy in predicting the hemolytic activity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Aliyun School of Big Data School of Software, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China; The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, China.
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2
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Kovalenko V, Rudzińska-Szostak E, Ślepokura K, Berlicki Ł. Scalable Synthesis of All Stereoisomers of 2-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic Acid─A Toolbox for Peptide Foldamer Chemistry. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4760-4767. [PMID: 38544408 PMCID: PMC11002926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Although the construction of peptides with well-defined three-dimensional structures and predictable functions, including biological activity, using conformationally constrained β-amino acids has been shown to be a very successful strategy, their broad application is limited by access to the appropriate building blocks. In particular, trans- and cis-stereoisomers of 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC) are of high interest. The scalable synthesis of all four stereoisomers of Fmoc derivatives of ACPC is presented with NMR-based analysis methods for their enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Kovalenko
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Rudzińska-Szostak
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ślepokura
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Jørgensen J, Mood EH, Knap ASH, Nielsen SE, Nielsen PE, Żabicka D, Matias C, Domraceva I, Björkling F, Franzyk H. Polymyxins with Potent Antibacterial Activity against Colistin-Resistant Pathogens: Fine-Tuning Hydrophobicity with Unnatural Amino Acids. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1370-1383. [PMID: 38169430 PMCID: PMC10824244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In view of the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among human pathogens, antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are in urgent demand. In particular, the rapidly emerging resistance to last-resort antibiotic colistin, used for severe Gram-negative MDR infections, is critical. Here, a series of polymyxins containing unnatural amino acids were explored, and some analogues exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hydrophobicity of the compounds within this series (as measured by retention in reversed-phase analytical HPLC) exhibited a discernible correlation with their antimicrobial activity. This trend was particularly pronounced for colistin-resistant pathogens. The most active compounds demonstrated competitive activity against a panel of Gram-negative pathogens, while exhibiting low in vitro cytotoxicity. Importantly, most of these hits also retained (or even had increased) potency against colistin-susceptible strains. These findings infer that fine-tuning hydrophobicity may enable the design of polymyxin analogues with favorable activity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan
Storm Jørgensen
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Elnaz Harifi Mood
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Building, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Holst Knap
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Simone Eidnes Nielsen
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter E. Nielsen
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Building, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dorota Żabicka
- Department
of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carina Matias
- Department
of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens
Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ilona Domraceva
- Latvian
Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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4
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Chang DH, Lee MR, Wang N, Lynn DM, Palecek SP. Establishing Quantifiable Guidelines for Antimicrobial α/β-Peptide Design: A Partial Least-Squares Approach to Improve Antimicrobial Activity and Reduce Mammalian Cell Toxicity. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2632-2651. [PMID: 38014670 PMCID: PMC10807133 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates to combat pathogens that are resistant to conventional antimicrobial drugs because they operate through mechanisms that involve membrane disruption. However, the use of AMPs in clinical settings has been limited, at least in part, by their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation and their lack of selectivity toward pathogenic microbes vs mammalian cells. We recently reported on the design of α- and β-peptide oligomers structurally templated upon the naturally occurring α-helical AMP aurein 1.2. These α/β-peptide oligomers are more proteolytically stable than aurein 1.2 and have several other attributes that render them attractive as alternatives to conventional AMPs. This study describes the influence of peptide physicochemical properties on the broad-spectrum activity of aurein 1.2-based α/β-peptide mimics against nine bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cell lines. We used a partial least-squares regression (PLSR)-supervised machine learning model to quantify and visualize relationships between experimentally determined physicochemical properties (e.g., hydrophobicity, charge, and helicity) and experimentally measured cell-type-specific activities of 21 peptides in a 149-member α/β-peptide library. Using this approach, we identified several peptides that were predicted to exhibit enhanced broad-spectrum selectivity, a measure that evaluates antimicrobial activity relative to mammalian cell toxicity compared to aurein 1.2. Experimental validation demonstrated high model predictive performance, and characterization of compounds with the highest broad-spectrum selectivity revealed peptide hydrophobicity, helicity, and helical rigidity to be strong predictors of broad-spectrum selectivity. The most selective peptide identified from the model prediction has more than a 13-fold improvement in broad-spectrum selectivity than that of aurein 1.2, demonstrating the ability of using PLSR models to identify quantitative structure-function relationships for nonstandard amino acid-containing peptides. Overall, this work establishes quantifiable guidelines for the rational design of helical antimicrobial α/β-peptides and identifies promising new α/β-peptides with significantly reduced mammalian toxicities and improved antifungal and antibacterial activities relative to aurein 1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H. Chang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Myung-Ryul Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nathan Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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5
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Marković V, Shaik JB, Ożga K, Ciesiołkiewicz A, Lizandra Perez J, Rudzińska-Szostak E, Berlicki Ł. Peptide foldamer-based inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein-human ACE2 interaction. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2244693. [PMID: 37605435 PMCID: PMC10446788 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2244693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into a human host cell begins with the interaction between the viral spike protein (S protein) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Therefore, a possible strategy for the treatment of this infection is based on inhibiting the interaction of the two abovementioned proteins. Compounds that bind to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein at the interface with the alpha-1/alpha-2 helices of ACE2 PD Subdomain I are of particular interest. We present a stepwise optimisation of helical peptide foldamers containing trans-2-aminocylopentanecarboxylic acid residues as the folding-inducing unit. Four rounds of optimisation led to the discovery of an 18-amino-acid peptide with high affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Kd = 650 nM) that inhibits this protein-protein interaction with IC50 = 1.3 µM. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated the helical conformation of this peptide in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Marković
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jeelan Basha Shaik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ożga
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ciesiołkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Juan Lizandra Perez
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Rudzińska-Szostak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Zhao S, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Wang H, Xu L, Wu Y, Zeng X, Luo X. A low-fouling electrochemical biosensor for biomarker detection in serum based on designed α/β-peptides with anti-enzymolysis and antifouling capabilities. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1263:341244. [PMID: 37225330 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The zwitterionic peptides, especially those composed of glutamic (E) and lysine (K) groups have drawn enormous attention as antifouling biomaterials owing to their strong hydration capability and biocompatibility. However, the susceptibility of α-amino acid K to the proteolytic enzymes in human serum limited the broad application of such peptides in biological media. Herein, a new multifunctional peptide with favorable stability in human serum was designed, and it was composed of three sections with immobilizing, recognizing and antifouling capabilities, respectively. The antifouling section was composed of alternating E and K amino acids, but the enzymolysis-susceptive amino acid α-K was replaced by the unnatural β-K. Compared with the conventional peptide composed of all α-amino acids, the α/β-peptide exhibited significantly enhanced stability and longer antifouling performance in human serum and blood. The electrochemical biosensor based on the α/β-peptide showed a favorable sensitivity to its target IgG, with a quite wide linear range from 100 pg mL-1 to 10 μg mL-1 and a low detection limit (33.7 pg mL-1, S/N = 3), and it was promising for the detection of IgG in complex human serum. The tactic of designing antifouling α/β-peptides offered an efficient way to develop low-fouling biosensors with robust operation in complex body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuju Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Xiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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7
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Tuning the Anthranilamide Peptidomimetic Design to Selectively Target Planktonic Bacteria and Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030585. [PMID: 36978452 PMCID: PMC10044445 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop new antimicrobials to help combat the increase in antibiotic resistance that is occurring worldwide. In the current research, short amphiphilic antibacterial and antibiofilm agents were produced by tuning the hydrophobic and cationic groups of anthranilamide peptidomimetics. The attachment of a lysine cationic group at the tail position increased activity against E. coli by >16-fold (from >125 μM to 15.6 μM) and greatly reduced cytotoxicity against mammalian cells (from ≤20 μM to ≥150 μM). These compounds showed significant disruption of preformed biofilms of S. aureus at micromolar concentrations.
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8
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Jana P, Samanta K, Ehlers M, Zellermann E, Bäcker S, Stauber RH, Schmuck C, Knauer SK. Impact of Peptide Sequences on Their Structure and Function: Mimicking of Virus-Like Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200519. [PMID: 36314419 PMCID: PMC10099937 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We rationally designed a series of amphiphilic hepta-peptides enriched with a chemically conjugated guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole (GCP) unit at the lysine side chain. All peptides are composed of polar (GCP) and non-polar (cyclohexyl alanine) residues but differ in their sequence periodicity, resulting in different secondary as well as supramolecular structures. CD spectra revealed the assembly of β-sheet-, α-helical and random structures for peptides 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Consequently, this enabled the formation of distinct supramolecular assemblies such as fibres, nanorod-like or spherical aggregates. Notably, all three cationic peptides are equipped with the anion-binding GCP unit and thus possess a nucleic acid-binding centre. However, only the helical (2) and the unstructured (3) peptide were able to assemble into small virus-like DNA-polyplexes and effectively deliver DNA into cells. Notably, as both peptides (2 and 3) were also capable of siRNA-delivery, they could be utilized to downregulate expression of the caner-relevant protein Survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Kaliachak College Sultanganj, Malda, 732201-, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnananda Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Balurghat College Dakshin Dinajpur, 733101-, West Bengal, India
| | - Martin Ehlers
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Elio Zellermann
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Bäcker
- Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, ENT Department, University Mainz Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
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9
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Takyo M, Sato Y, Hirata N, Tsuchiya K, Ishida H, Kurohara T, Yanase Y, Ito T, Kanda Y, Yamamoto K, Misawa T, Demizu Y. Oligoarginine-Conjugated Peptide Foldamers Inhibiting Vitamin D Receptor-Mediated Transcription. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46573-46582. [PMID: 36570290 PMCID: PMC9774327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear receptor, which is involved in several physiological processes, including differentiation and bone homeostasis. The VDR is a promising target for the development of drugs against cancer and bone-related diseases. To date, several VDR antagonists, which bind to the ligand binding domain of the VDR and compete with the endogenous agonist 1α,25(OH)D3, have been reported. However, these ligands contain a secosteroidal skeleton, which is chemically unstable and complicated to synthesize. A few VDR antagonists with a nonsecosteroidal skeleton have been reported. Alternative inhibitors against VDR transactivation that act via different mechanisms are desirable. Here, we developed peptide-based VDR inhibitors capable of disrupting the VDR-coactivator interaction. It was reported that helical SRC2-3 peptides strongly bound to the VDR and competed with the coactivator in vitro. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of SRC2-3 derivatives by the introduction of nonproteinogenic amino acids, such as β-amino acids, and by side-chain stapling to stabilize helical structures and provide resistance against digestive enzymes. In addition, conjugation with a cell-penetrating peptide increased the cell membrane permeability and was a promising strategy for intracellular VDR inhibition. The nona-arginine-conjugated peptides 24 with side-chain stapling and 25 with cyclic β-amino acids showed strong intracellular VDR inhibitory activity, resulting in suppression of the target gene expression and inhibition of the cell differentiation of HL-60 cells. Herein, the peptide design, structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, and biological evaluation of the peptides are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Takyo
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoya Hirata
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsuchiya
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Laboratory
of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machidashi, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurohara
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuta Yanase
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takahito Ito
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory
of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machidashi, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takashi Misawa
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- National
Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama
City University, 1-7-29
Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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10
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Zou J, Zhou M, Xiao X, Liu R. Advance in Hybrid Peptides Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200575. [PMID: 35978269 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid peptides with heterogeneous backbone are a class of peptide mimics with adjustable proteolytic stability obtained from incorporating unnatural amino acid residues into peptide backbone. α/β-peptides and peptide/peptoid hybrids are two types of hybrid peptides that are widely studied for diverse applications, and several synthetic methods have been developed. In this mini review, the advance in hybrid peptide synthesis is summarized, including solution-phase method, solid-phase method, and novel polymerization method. Conventional solution-phase method and solid-phase method generally result in oligomers with defined sequences, while polymerization methods have advantages in preparing peptide hybrid polymers with high molecular weight with simple operation and low cost. In addition, the future development of polymerization method to realize the control of the peptide hybrid polymer sequence is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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11
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Boruah A, Roy A. Advances in hybrid peptide-based self-assembly systems and their applications. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4694-4723. [PMID: 35899853 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00775d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of peptides demonstrates a great potential for designing highly ordered, finely tailored supramolecular arrangements enriched with high specificity, improved efficacy and biological activity. Along with natural peptides, hybrid peptide systems composed of natural and chemically diverse unnatural amino acids have been used in various fields, including drug delivery, wound healing, potent inhibition of diseases, and prevention of biomaterial related diseases to name a few. In this review, we provide a brief outline of various methods that have been utilized for obtaining fascinating structures that create an avenue to reproduce a range of functions resulting from these folds. An overview of different self-assembled structures as well as their applications will also be provided. We believe that this review is very relevant to the current scenario and will cover conformations of hybrid peptides and resulting self-assemblies from the late 20th century through 2022. This review aims to be a comprehensive and reliable account of the hybrid peptide-based self-assembly owing to its enormous influence in understanding and mimicking biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Boruah
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Pulibor, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Arup Roy
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Pulibor, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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12
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Zhao S, Qiao X, Chen M, Li Y, Wang X, Xu Z, Wu Y, Luo X. d-Amino Acid-Based Antifouling Peptides for the Construction of Electrochemical Biosensors Capable of Assaying Proteins in Serum with Enhanced Stability. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1740-1746. [PMID: 35616064 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of peptides to proteolytic degradation in human serum significantly hindered the potential application of peptide-based antifouling biosensors for long-term assaying of clinical samples. Herein, a robust antifouling biosensor with enhanced stability was constructed based on peptides composed of d-amino acids (d-peptide) with prominent proteolytic resistance. The electrode was electropolymerized with poly(3,4-ehtylenedioxythiophene) and electrodeposited with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), and the d-peptide was then immobilized onto the AuNPs, and a typical antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM) was immobilized. Because of the effect of d-amino acids, the d-peptide-modified electrode surface showed prominent antifouling capability and high tolerance to enzymatic hydrolysis. Moreover, the d-peptide-modified electrode exhibited much stronger long-term stability, as well as antifouling ability in human serum than the electrode modified with normal peptides. The electrochemical biosensor exhibited a sensitive response to IgM linearly within the range of 100 pg mL-1 to 1.0 μg mL-1 and a very low detection limit down to 37 pg mL-1, and it was able to detect IgM in human serum with good accuracy. This work provided a new strategy to develop robust peptide-based biosensors to resist the proteolytic degradation for practical application in complex clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuju Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yanxin Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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13
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Kratochvil HT, Newberry RW, Mensa B, Mravic M, DeGrado WF. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Analysis and de novo design of membrane-interactive peptides. Faraday Discuss 2021; 232:9-48. [PMID: 34693965 PMCID: PMC8979563 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-peptide interactions play critical roles in many cellular and organismic functions, including protection from infection, remodeling of membranes, signaling, and ion transport. Peptides interact with membranes in a variety of ways: some associate with membrane surfaces in either intrinsically disordered conformations or well-defined secondary structures. Peptides with sufficient hydrophobicity can also insert vertically as transmembrane monomers, and many associate further into membrane-spanning helical bundles. Indeed, some peptides progress through each of these stages in the process of forming oligomeric bundles. In each case, the structure of the peptide and the membrane represent a delicate balance between peptide-membrane and peptide-peptide interactions. We will review this literature from the perspective of several biologically important systems, including antimicrobial peptides and their mimics, α-synuclein, receptor tyrosine kinases, and ion channels. We also discuss the use of de novo design to construct models to test our understanding of the underlying principles and to provide useful leads for pharmaceutical intervention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong T Kratochvil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Robert W Newberry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Bruk Mensa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Marco Mravic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William F DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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14
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Mardirossian M, Rubini M, Adamo MFA, Scocchi M, Saviano M, Tossi A, Gennaro R, Caporale A. Natural and Synthetic Halogenated Amino Acids-Structural and Bioactive Features in Antimicrobial Peptides and Peptidomimetics. Molecules 2021; 26:7401. [PMID: 34885985 PMCID: PMC8659048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D structure and surface characteristics of proteins and peptides are crucial for interactions with receptors or ligands and can be modified to some extent to modulate their biological roles and pharmacological activities. The introduction of halogen atoms on the side-chains of amino acids is a powerful tool for effecting this type of tuning, influencing both the physico-chemical and structural properties of the modified polypeptides, helping to first dissect and then rationally modify features that affect their mode of action. This review provides examples of the influence of different types of halogenation in amino acids that replace native residues in proteins and peptides. Examples of synthetic strategies for obtaining halogenated amino acids are also provided, focusing on some representative compounds and their biological effects. The role of halogenation in native and designed antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimetics is then discussed. These are in the spotlight for the development of new antimicrobial drugs to counter the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. AMPs represent an interesting model to study the role that natural halogenation has on their mode of action and also to understand how artificially halogenated residues can be used to rationally modify and optimize AMPs for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mardirossian
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale, 1, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Rubini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Mauro F. A. Adamo
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB), RCSI, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Marco Scocchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 5, Q Building, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola, 122, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 5, Q Building, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Renato Gennaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 5, Q Building, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrea Caporale
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Area Science Park, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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15
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Zhou M, Zou J, Liu L, Xiao X, Deng S, Wu Y, Xie J, Cong Z, Ji Z, Liu R. Synthesis of poly-α/β-peptides with tunable sequence via the copolymerization on N-carboxyanhydride and N-thiocarboxyanhydride. iScience 2021; 24:103124. [PMID: 34622171 PMCID: PMC8481979 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fascinating functions of proteins and peptides in biological systems have attracted intense interest to explore their mimics using polymers, including polypeptides synthesized from polymerization. The folding, structures and functions of proteins and polypeptides are largely dependent on their sequence. However, sequence-tunable polymerization for polypeptide synthesis is a long-lasting challenge. The application of polypeptides is also greatly hindered by their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Although poly-α/β-peptide has proven to be an effective strategy to address the stability issue, the synthesis of poly-α/β-peptide from polymerization is not available yet. Hereby, we demonstrate a living and controlled copolymerization on α-NCA and β-NTA to prepare sequence-tunable poly-α/β-peptides. This polymerization strategy shows a prominent solvent-driven characteristic, providing random-like copolymers of poly-α/β-peptides in THF and block-like copolymers of poly-α/β-peptides in a mixed solvent of CHCl3/H2O (95/5, v/v), and opens new avenues for sequence-tunable polymerization and enables facile synthesis of proteolysis tunable poly-α/β-peptides for diverse applications. Realizing controlled synthesis of poly-α/β-peptides via one-pot polymerization Sequence-tunable copolymerization via solvent-dependent polymerization kinetics Adjustable proteolytic stability and antibacterial activity of poly-α/β-peptides Tunable self-assembly behavior of poly-α/β-peptides via one-pot polymerization
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingcheng Zou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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16
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Koneru JK, Prakashchand DD, Dube N, Ghosh P, Mondal J. Spontaneous transmembrane pore formation by short-chain synthetic peptide. Biophys J 2021; 120:4557-4574. [PMID: 34478698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic β-peptides, which are synthetically designed short-chain helical foldamers of β-amino acids, are established potent biomimetic alternatives of natural antimicrobial peptides. An intriguing question is how the distinct molecular architecture of these short-chain and rigid synthetic peptides translates to its potent membrane-disruption ability. Here, we address this question via a combination of all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction of mixed phospholipid bilayer with an antimicrobial 10-residue globally amphiphilic helical β-peptide at a wide range of concentrations. The simulation demonstrates that multiple copies of this synthetic peptide, initially placed in aqueous solution, readily self-assemble and adsorb at membrane interface. Subsequently, beyond a threshold peptide/lipid ratio, the surface-adsorbed oligomeric aggregate moves inside the membrane and spontaneously forms stable water-filled transmembrane pores via a cooperative mechanism. The defects induced by these pores lead to the dislocation of interfacial lipid headgroups, membrane thinning, and substantial water leakage inside the hydrophobic core of the membrane. A molecular analysis reveals that despite having a short architecture, these synthetic peptides, once inside the membrane, would stretch themselves toward the distal leaflet in favor of potential contact with polar headgroups and interfacial water layer. The pore formed in coarse-grained simulation was found to be resilient upon structural refinement. Interestingly, the pore-inducing ability was found to be elusive in a non-globally amphiphilic sequence isomer of the same β-peptide, indicating strong sequence dependence. Taken together, this work puts forward key perspectives of membrane activity of minimally designed synthetic biomimetic oligomers relative to the natural antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Krishna Koneru
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dube Dheeraj Prakashchand
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Namita Dube
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pushpita Ghosh
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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17
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Bejger M, Fortuna P, Drewniak-Switalska M, Plewka J, Rypniewski W, Berlicki Ł. A computationally designed β-amino acid-containing miniprotein. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6015-6018. [PMID: 34032224 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new miniprotein built from three helices, including one structure based on the ααβαααβ sequence pattern was developed. Its crystal structure revealed a compact conformation with a well-packed hydrophobic core of unprecedented structure. The miniprotein formed dimers that were stabilized by the interaction of their hydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bejger
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Paulina Fortuna
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland. and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Pausteura 1, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland
| | - Magda Drewniak-Switalska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland.
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian Univeristy, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rypniewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland.
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18
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Hirano M, Saito C, Goto C, Yokoo H, Kawano R, Misawa T, Demizu Y. Rational Design of Helix-Stabilized Antimicrobial Peptide Foldamers Containing α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acids or Side-Chain Stapling. Chempluschem 2021; 85:2731-2736. [PMID: 33369262 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are expected to be good candidate molecules for novel antimicrobial therapies. Most AMPs exert their antimicrobial activity through disruption of microbial membranes due to their amphipathic properties. Recently, the helical peptide 'Stripe' was reported by our group, a rationally designed amphipathic AMP focused on distribution of natural cationic and hydrophobic amino acid residues. In this study, a set of Stripe-based AMP foldamers was designed, synthesized and investigated that contain α,α-disubstituted amino acids or side-chain stapling to stabilize their helical structures. Our results showed that a peptide containing 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive S.aureus (MIC value: 3.125 μM) and Gram-negative bacteria (including a multidrug-resistant strain, MDRP, MIC value: 1.56 μM), without significant hemolytic activity (>100 μM). Electrophysiological measurements revealed that this peptide formed stable pores in a 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE)/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DOPG) bilayer but not in a dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC) bilayer. The introduction of Aib residues into Stripe could be a promising way to increase the antimicrobial activity of AMP foldamers, and the peptide could represent a promising novel therapeutic candidate to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Hirano
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chihiro Saito
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-6 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Chihiro Goto
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Yokoo
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-6 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Misawa
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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19
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Frederiksen N, Louka S, Mudaliar C, Domraceva I, Kreicberga A, Pugovics O, Żabicka D, Tomczak M, Wygoda W, Björkling F, Franzyk H. Peptide/β-Peptoid Hybrids with Ultrashort PEG-Like Moieties: Effects on Hydrophobicity, Antibacterial Activity and Hemolytic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137041. [PMID: 34208826 PMCID: PMC8268887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PEGylation of antimicrobial peptides as a shielding tool that increases stability toward proteolytic degradation typically leads to concomitant loss of activity, whereas incorporation of ultrashort PEG-like amino acids (sPEGs) remains essentially unexplored. Here, modification of a peptide/β-peptoid hybrid with sPEGs was examined with respect to influence on hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity and effect on viability of mammalian cells for a set of 18 oligomers. Intriguingly, the degree of sPEG modification did not significantly affect hydrophobicity as measured by retention in reverse-phase HPLC. Antibacterial activity against both wild-type and drug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii (both Gram-negative pathogens) was retained or slightly improved (MICs in the range 2–16 µg/mL equal to 0.7–5.2 µM). All compounds in the series exhibited less than 10% hemolysis at 400 µg/mL. While the number of sPEG moieties appeared not to be clearly correlated with hemolytic activity, a trend toward slightly increased hemolytic activity was observed for analogues displaying the longest sPEGs. In contrast, within a subseries the viability of HepG2 liver cells was least affected by analogues displaying the longer sPEGs (with IC50 values of ~1280 µg/mL) as compared to most other analogues and the parent peptidomimetic (IC50 values in the range 330–800 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicki Frederiksen
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (N.F.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Stavroula Louka
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (N.F.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Chirag Mudaliar
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (N.F.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Ilona Domraceva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.D.); (A.K.); (O.P.)
| | - Agrita Kreicberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.D.); (A.K.); (O.P.)
| | - Osvalds Pugovics
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (I.D.); (A.K.); (O.P.)
| | - Dorota Żabicka
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (D.Ż.); (M.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Magdalena Tomczak
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (D.Ż.); (M.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Weronika Wygoda
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (D.Ż.); (M.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (N.F.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (N.F.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Vestergaard M, Skive B, Domraceva I, Ingmer H, Franzyk H. Peptide/β-Peptoid Hybrids with Activity against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: Influence of Hydrophobicity and Structural Features on Antibacterial and Hemolytic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5617. [PMID: 34070683 PMCID: PMC8197855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with enterococci are challenging to treat due to intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics. Especially vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are of considerable concern with a limited number of efficacious therapeutics available. From an initial screening of 20 peptidomimetics, 11 stable peptide/β-peptoid hybrids were found to have antibacterial activity against eight E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates. Microbiological characterization comprised determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), probing of synergy with antibiotics in a checkerboard assay, time-kill studies, as well as assessment of membrane integrity. E. faecium isolates proved more susceptible than E. faecalis isolates, and no differences in susceptibility between the vancomycin-resistant (VRE) and -susceptible E. faecium isolates were observed. A test of three peptidomimetics (Ac-[hArg-βNsce]6-NH2, Ac-[hArg-βNsce-Lys-βNspe]3-NH2 and Oct-[Lys-βNspe]6-NH2) in combination with conventional antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, rifampicin or azithromycin) revealed no synergy. The same three potent analogues were found to have a bactericidal effect with a membrane-disruptive mode of action. Peptidomimetics Ac-[hArg-βNsce-Lys-βNspe]3-NH2 and Oct-[Lys-βNspe]6-NH2 with low MIC values (in the ranges 2-8 µg/mL and 4-16 µg/mL against E. faecium and E. faecalis, respectively) and displaying weak cytotoxic properties (i.e., <10% hemolysis at a ~100-fold higher concentration than their MICs; IC50 values of 73 and 41 µg/mL, respectively, against HepG2 cells) were identified as promising starting points for further optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vestergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.V.); (B.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Bolette Skive
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.V.); (B.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Ilona Domraceva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.V.); (B.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Drewniak-Świtalska M, Barycza B, Rudzińska-Szostak E, Morawiak P, Berlicki Ł. Constrained beta-amino acid-containing miniproteins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4272-4278. [PMID: 34010377 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The construction of β-amino acid-containing peptides that fold to tertiary structures in solution remains challenging. Two model miniproteins, namely, Trp-cage and FSD, were scanned using a constrained β-amino acid in order to evaluate its impact on the folding process. Relationships between forces stabilizing the miniprotein structure and conformational stability of analogues were found. The possibility of a significant increase of the conformational stability of the studied miniproteins by substitution with the β-amino acid at the terminus of a helix is shown. On the basis of these results, β-amino acid containing-peptide analogs with helical fragments substantially altered by the incorporation of several constrained β-amino acids were designed, synthesized and evaluated with respect to their structure and stability. The smallest known β-amino acid-containing peptide with a well-defined tertiary structure is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Drewniak-Świtalska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Barbara Barycza
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Rudzińska-Szostak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paweł Morawiak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Light and Hydrogels: A New Generation of Antimicrobial Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040787. [PMID: 33562335 PMCID: PMC7915775 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial diseases are becoming a scourge in hospitals worldwide, and new multidrug-resistant microorganisms are appearing at the forefront, significantly increasing the number of deaths. Innovative solutions must emerge to prevent the imminent health crisis risk, and antibacterial hydrogels are one of them. In addition to this, for the past ten years, photochemistry has become an appealing green process attracting continuous attention from scientists in the scope of sustainable development, as it exhibits many advantages over other methods used in polymer chemistry. Therefore, the combination of antimicrobial hydrogels and light has become a matter of course to design innovative antimicrobial materials. In the present review, we focus on the use of photochemistry to highlight two categories of hydrogels: (a) antibacterial hydrogels synthesized via a free-radical photochemical crosslinking process and (b) chemical hydrogels with light-triggered antibacterial properties. Numerous examples of these new types of hydrogels are described, and some notions of photochemistry are introduced.
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Qian Y, Deng S, Lu Z, She Y, Xie J, Cong Z, Zhang W, Liu R. Using In Vivo Assessment on Host Defense Peptide Mimicking Polymer-Modified Surfaces for Combating Implant Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 4:3811-3829. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziyi Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yunrui She
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayang Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Bioinformatic Analysis of 1000 Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptides Uncovers Multiple Length-Dependent Correlations for Peptide Design and Prediction. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080491. [PMID: 32784626 PMCID: PMC7459754 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are widely distributed on different continents, except for the polar regions. They are important sources for the isolation, purification and characterization of natural compounds, including peptides with various functions. Innate immune antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a critical role in warding off invading pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. They may also have other biological functions such as endotoxin neutralization, chemotaxis, anti-inflammation, and wound healing. This article documents a bioinformatic analysis of over 1000 amphibian antimicrobial peptides registered in the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD) in the past 18 years. These anuran peptides were discovered in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and America from 1985 to 2019. Genomic and peptidomic studies accelerated the discovery pace and underscored the necessity in establishing criteria for peptide entry into the APD. A total of 99.9% of the anuran antimicrobial peptides are less than 50 amino acids with an average length of 24 and a net charge of +2.5. Interestingly, the various amphibian peptide families (e.g., temporins, brevinins, esculentins) can be connected through multiple length-dependent relationships. With an increase in length, peptide net charge increases, while the hydrophobic content decreases. In addition, glycine, leucine, lysine, and proline all show linear correlations with peptide length. These correlations improve our understanding of amphibian peptides and may be useful for prediction and design of new linear peptides with potential applications in treating infectious diseases, cancer and diabetes.
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Hu Z, Lin G, Sender M, Cannon KC, Davis FA, Krow GR. C6-Substituted methanopyrrolidine β-amino acid: synthesis and characterization of oligomeric foldamers. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lin S, Chen Y, Li H, Liu J, Liu S. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of amphiphilic sofalcone derivatives as potent Gram-positive antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112596. [PMID: 32659547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New antimicrobial agents are urgently needed to overcome drug-resistant bacterial infections. Here we describe the design, synthesis and evaluation of a new class of amphiphilic sofalcone compounds as antimicrobial peptidomimetics. The most promising compound 14, bearing two arginine residues, showed poor hemolytic activity, low cytotoxicity, and excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA. Compound 14, had good stability in various salt conditions, killed bacteria rapidly by directly disrupting bacterial cell membranes and was slow at developing bacterial resistance. Additionally, compound 14 exhibited effective in vivo efficacy in the murine model of bacterial keratitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213. Our studies suggested that compound 14 possessed promising potential to be used as a novel antimicrobial agent to combat drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuimu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Shouping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
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28
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Wu Y, Huang R, Jin JM, Zhang LJ, Zhang H, Chen HZ, Chen LL, Luan X. Advances in the Study of Structural Modification and Biological Activities of Anoplin. Front Chem 2020; 8:519. [PMID: 32733845 PMCID: PMC7358703 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoplin is an amphipathic, α-helical bioactive peptide from wasp venom. In recent years, pharmaceutical and organic chemists discovered that anoplin and its derivatives showed multiple pharmacological activities in antibacterial, antitumor, antifungal, and antimalarial activities. Owing to the simple and unique structure and diverse biological activities, anoplin has attracted considerable research interests. This review highlights the advances in structural modification, biological activities, and the outlook of anoplin in order to provide a basis for new drug design and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Mei Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Tan J, Tay J, Hedrick J, Yang YY. Synthetic macromolecules as therapeutics that overcome resistance in cancer and microbial infection. Biomaterials 2020; 252:120078. [PMID: 32417653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic macromolecular antimicrobials have shown efficacy in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. These synthetic macromolecules, inspired by Nature's antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), mitigate resistance by disrupting microbial cell membrane or targeting multiple intracellular proteins or genes. Unlike AMPs, these polymers are less prone to degradation by proteases and are easier to synthesize on a large scale. Recently, various studies have revealed that cancer cell membrane, like that of microbes, is negatively charged, and AMPs can be used as anticancer agents. Nevertheless, efforts in developing polymers as anticancer agents has remained limited. This review highlights the recent advancement in the development of synthetic biodegradable antimicrobial polymers (e.g. polycarbonates, polyesters and polypeptides) and anticancer macromolecules including peptides and polymers. Additionally, strategies to improve their in vivo bioavailability and selectivity towards bacteria and cancer cells are examined. Lastly, future perspectives, including use of artificial intelligence or machine learning, in the development of antimicrobial and anticancer macromolecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Joyce Tay
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - James Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA, 95120, United States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore.
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31
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Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhang W, Liu H, Wan J, Qian Y, Li B, Tang S, Liu Y, Chen S, Liu R. Silk‐Inspired β‐Peptide Materials Resist Fouling and the Foreign‐Body Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9586-9593. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Hengjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jianglin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuxin Qian
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Songchao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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32
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Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhang W, Liu H, Wan J, Qian Y, Li B, Tang S, Liu Y, Chen S, Liu R. Silk‐Inspired β‐Peptide Materials Resist Fouling and the Foreign‐Body Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Hengjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jianglin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuxin Qian
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Songchao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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Lone A, Thomsen TT, Nielsen JE, Thulstrup PW, Klitgaard RN, Løbner-Olesen A, Lund R, Jenssen H, Hansen PR. Structure-Activity Study of an All-d Antimicrobial Octapeptide D2D. Molecules 2019; 24:E4571. [PMID: 31847173 PMCID: PMC6943423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is a serious threat to public health worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides have attracted attention as potential antibiotics since they are present in all multicellular organisms and act as a first line of defence against invading pathogens. We have previously identified a small all-d antimicrobial octapeptide amide kk(1-nal)fk(1-nal)k(nle)-NH2 (D2D) with promising antimicrobial activity. In this work, we have performed a structure-activity relationship study of D2D based on 36 analogues aimed at discovering which elements are important for antimicrobial activity and toxicity. These modifications include an alanine scan, probing variation of hydrophobicity at lys5 and lys7, manipulation of amphipathicity, N-and C-termini deletions and lys-arg substitutions. We found that the hydrophobic residues in position 3 (1-nal), 4 (phe), 6 (1-nal) and 8 (nle) are important for antimicrobial activity and to a lesser extent cationic lysine residues in position 1, 2, 5 and 7. Our best analogue 5, showed MICs of 4 µg/mL against A. baumannii, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with a hemolytic activity of 47% against red blood cells. Furthermore, compound 5 kills bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner as shown by time-kill kinetics. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of D2D and compounds 1-8 showed that they likely fold into α-helical secondary structure. Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed that a random unstructured polymer-like chains model could explain D2D and compounds 1, 3, 4, 6 and 8. Solution structure of compound 5 can be described with a nanotube structure model, compound 7 can be described with a filament-like structure model, while compound 2 can be described with both models. Lipid interaction probed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that a higher amount of compound 5 (~50-60%) inserts into the bilayer compared to D2D (~30-50%). D2D still remains the lead compound, however compound 5 is an interesting antimicrobial peptide for further investigations due to its nanotube structure and minor improvement to antimicrobial activity compared to D2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Lone
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Thomas T. Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4A, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Biology, Section for functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.N.K.); (A.L.-O.)
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (J.E.N.); (R.L.)
| | - Peter W. Thulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Rasmus N. Klitgaard
- Department of Biology, Section for functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.N.K.); (A.L.-O.)
| | - Anders Løbner-Olesen
- Department of Biology, Section for functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.N.K.); (A.L.-O.)
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (J.E.N.); (R.L.)
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Paul R. Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Frederiksen N, Hansen PR, Björkling F, Franzyk H. Peptide/Peptoid Hybrid Oligomers: The Influence of Hydrophobicity and Relative Side-Chain Length on Antibacterial Activity and Cell Selectivity. Molecules 2019; 24:E4429. [PMID: 31817108 PMCID: PMC6943742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous optimisation studies of peptide/peptoid hybrids typically comprise comparison of structurally related analogues displaying different oligomer length and diverse side chains. The present work concerns a systematically constructed series of 16 closely related 12-mer oligomers with an alternating cationic/hydrophobic design, representing a wide range of hydrophobicity and differences in relative side-chain lengths. The aim was to explore and rationalise the structure-activity relationships within a subclass of oligomers displaying variation of three structural features: (i) cationic side-chain length, (ii) hydrophobic side-chain length, and (iii) type of residue that is of a flexible peptoid nature. Increased side-chain length of cationic residues led to reduced hydrophobicity till the side chains became more extended than the aromatic/hydrophobic side chains, at which point hydrophobicity increased slightly. Evaluation of antibacterial activity revealed that analogues with lowest hydrophobicity exhibited reduced activity against E. coli, while oligomers with the shortest cationic side chains were most potent against P. aeruginosa. Thus, membrane-disruptive interaction with P. aeruginosa appears to be promoted by a hydrophobic surface of the oligomers (comprised of the aromatic groups shielding the cationic side chains). Peptidomimetics with short cationic side chains exhibit increased hemolytic properties as well as give rise to decreased HepG2 (hepatoblastoma G2 cell line) cell viability. An optimal hydrophobicity window could be defined by a threshold of minimal hydrophobicity conferring activity toward E. coli and a threshold for maximal hydrophobicity, beyond which cell selectivity was lost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (N.F.); (P.R.H.); (F.B.)
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Baker KR, Jana B, Hansen AM, Vissing KJ, Nielsen HM, Franzyk H, Guardabassi L. Repurposing azithromycin and rifampicin against Gram-negative pathogens by combination with peptide potentiators. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:868-872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Copper Complex: A Key Role in the Synthesis of Biocidal Polymer Coatings. CHEMISTRY AFRICA-A JOURNAL OF THE TUNISIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-019-00045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Christensen MV, Kongstad KT, Sondergaard TE, Staerk D, Nielsen HM, Franzyk H, Wimmer R. 19F-substituted amino acids as an alternative to fluorophore labels: monitoring of degradation and cellular uptake of analogues of penetratin by 19F NMR. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2019; 73:167-182. [PMID: 30887171 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-019-00239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for assessment of cellular uptake of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) often rely on detection of fluorophore-labeled CPPs. However, introduction of the fluorescent probe often confers changed physicochemical properties, so that the fluorophore-CPP conjugate may exhibit cytotoxic effects and membrane damage not exerted by the native CPP. In the present study, introduction of fluorine probes was investigated as an alternative to fluorophore labeling of a CPP, since this only confers minor changes to its overall physicochemical properties. The high sensitivity of 19F NMR spectroscopy and the absence of background signals from naturally occurring fluorine enabled detection of internalized CPP. Also, degradation of fluorine-labeled peptides during exposure to Caco-2 cells could be followed by using 19F NMR spectroscopy. In total, five fluorinated analogues of the model CPP penetratin were synthesized by using commercially available fluorinated amino acids as labels, including one analogue also carrying an N-terminal fluorophore. The apparent cellular uptake was considerably higher for the fluorophore-penetratin conjugate indicating that the fluorophore moiety promoted uptake of the peptide. The use of 19F NMR spectroscopy enabled monitoring of the fate of the CPPs over time by establishing molar balances, and by verifying CPP integrity upon uptake. Thus, the NMR-based method offers several advantages over currently widespread methods relying on fluorescence detection. The present findings provide guidelines for improved labeling strategies for CPPs, thereby expanding the repertoire of analytical techniques available for studying degradation and uptake of CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene V Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth T Kongstad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Section for Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Section for Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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38
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Molchanova N, Wang H, Hansen PR, Høiby N, Nielsen HM, Franzyk H. Antimicrobial Activity of α-Peptide/β-Peptoid Lysine-Based Peptidomimetics Against Colistin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:275. [PMID: 30842761 PMCID: PMC6391360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis infection and with a compromised immune system. Emergence of bacterial resistance renders existing antibiotics inefficient, and therefore discovery of new antimicrobial agents is highly warranted. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute potent agents against a range of pathogenic bacteria. However, AMPs possess a number of drawbacks such as susceptibility to proteolytic degradation with ensuing low bioavailability. To circumvent these undesired properties of AMPs unnatural amino acids or altered backbones have been incorporated to provide stable peptidomimetics with retained antibacterial activity. Here, we report on antimicrobial α-peptide/β-peptoid lysine-based peptidomimetics that exhibit high potency against clinical drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains obtained from cystic fibrosis patients. These clinical strains possess phoQ and/or pmrB mutations that confer high resistance to colistin, the last-resort antibiotic for treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa. The lead peptidomimetic LBP-2 demonstrated a 12-fold improved anti-pseudomonal activity as compared to colistin sulfate as well as favorable killing kinetics, similar antibiofilm activity, and moderate cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Molchanova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hengzhuang Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul R Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Palermo EF, Lienkamp K, Gillies ER, Ragogna PJ. Antibacterial Activity of Polymers: Discussions on the Nature of Amphiphilic Balance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund F. Palermo
- Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteMaterials Science and Engineering 110 8th St. Troy NY 12180 USA
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials ResearchDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St. London Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringThe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St. London Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials ResearchDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St. London Canada
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Palermo EF, Lienkamp K, Gillies ER, Ragogna PJ. Antibacterial Activity of Polymers: Discussions on the Nature of Amphiphilic Balance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3690-3693. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund F. Palermo
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Materials Science and Engineering 110 8th St. Troy NY 12180 USA
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St. London Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St. London Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St. London Canada
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41
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Lim D, Kim H, Gong J, Eom JH, Yoon E, Driver RW, Baik MH, Lee HS. Directing Foldamer Self-Assembly with a Cyclopropanoyl Cap. Chemistry 2019; 25:2226-2233. [PMID: 30600849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of self-assembling organic materials is extremely challenging due to the difficulty in precisely predicting solid-state architectures from first principles, especially if synthons are conformationally flexible. A tractable model system to study self-assembly was constructed by appending cyclopropanoyl caps to the N termini of helical α/β-peptide foldamers, designed to form both N-H⋅⋅⋅O and Cα -H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, which then rapidly self-assembled to form foldectures (foldamer architectures). Through a combined analytical and computational investigation, cyclopropanoyl capping was observed to markedly enhance self-assembly in recalcitrant substrates and direct the formation of a single intermolecular N-H⋅⋅⋅O/Cα -H⋅⋅⋅O bonding motif in single crystals, regardless of peptide sequence or foldamer conformation. In contrast to previous studies, foldamer constituents of single crystals and foldectures assumed different secondary structures and different molecular packing modes, despite a conserved N-H⋅⋅⋅O/Cα -H⋅⋅⋅O bonding motif. DFT calculations validated the experimental results by showing that the N-H⋅⋅⋅O/Cα -H⋅⋅⋅O interaction created by the cap was sufficiently attractive to influence self-assembly. This versatile strategy to harness secondary noncovalent interactions in the rational design of self-assembling organic materials will allow for the exploration of new substrates and speed up the development of novel applications within this increasingly important class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danim Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintaek Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Eom
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Russell W Driver
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Physics, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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42
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Artim CM, Brown JS, Alabi CA. Biophysical Characterization of Cationic Antibacterial Oligothioetheramides. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3118-3124. [PMID: 30675774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical analysis into the mechanism of action of membrane-disrupting antibiotics such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and AMP mimetics is necessary to improve our understanding of this promising but relatively untapped class of antibiotics. We evaluate the impact of cationic nature, specifically the presence of guanidine versus amine functional groups using sequence-defined oligothioetheramides (oligoTEAs). Relative to amines, guanidine groups demonstrated improved antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To understand the mechanism of action, we evaluated membrane interactions by performing a propidium iodide assay and fluorescence microscopy of supported MRSA mimetic bilayers treated with oligoTEAs. Both studies demonstrated membrane disruption, while fluorescence microscopy showed the formation of lipid aggregates. We further analyzed the mechanism using surface plasmon resonance with a recently developed two-state binding model with loss. Our biophysical analysis points to the importance of lipid aggregation for antibacterial activity and suggests that guanidine groups improve antibacterial activity by increasing the extent of lipid aggregation. Altogether, these results verify and rationalize the importance of guanidines for enhanced antibacterial activity of oligoTEAs, and present biophysical phenomena for the design and analysis of additional membrane-active antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Artim
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Joseph S Brown
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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43
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Zhou Z, Ergene C, Lee JY, Shirley DJ, Carone BR, Caputo GA, Palermo EF. Sequence and Dispersity Are Determinants of Photodynamic Antibacterial Activity Exerted by Peptidomimetic Oligo(thiophene)s. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1896-1906. [PMID: 30574776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A library of functionalized oligo(thiophene)s with precisely controlled chain length, regioregularity, sequence, and pendant moieties in the side chains was prepared by iterative convergent/divergent organometallic couplings. The cationic and facially amphiphilic structures were designed to mimic the salient physiochemical features of host defense peptides (HDPs) while concurrently exerting a photodynamic mechanism of antibacterial activity. In the dark, the oligothiophenes exert broad-spectrum and rapid bactericidal activity in the micromolar regime, which is the typical range of HDP activity. Under visible light, the antibacterial potency is enhanced by orders of magnitude, leading to potency in the nanomolar concentration range, whereas the toxicity to red blood cells (RBCs) is almost unaffected by the same visible light exposure. We attribute the potent and selective antibacterial activity to a dual mechanism of action that involves bacterial cell binding, combined with reactive oxygen species production in the bound state. Comonomer sequence and chain length dispersity play important roles in dictating the observed biological activities. The most promising candidate compound from a set of screening experiments showed antibacterial activity that is 3 orders of magnitude more potent against bacteria relative to toxicity against RBCs. Importantly, this compound did not induce resistance upon 21 subinhibitory passages, whereas the activity of ciprofloxacin was reduced 32× in the same condition. Cytotoxicity against HeLa cells in vitro is orders of magnitude weaker than antibacterial activity under visible light illumination. Thus, we have established a new class of HDP-mimetic antibacterial compounds with nanomolar activity and cell type selectivity of greater than 1300-fold. These and related compounds may be highly promising candidates in the urgent search for new topical photodynamic antibacterial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
| | - Cansu Ergene
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Edmund F Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
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44
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Nekkaa I, Bogdán D, Gáti T, Béni S, Juhász T, Palkó M, Paragi G, Tóth GK, Fülöp F, Mándity IM. Flow-chemistry enabled efficient synthesis of β-peptides: backbone topology vs. helix formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3061-3064. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enantiodiscriminative helix formation was observed for β-peptide H14 helices when enantiomers of bridged bicyclic residues were introduced.
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45
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Konaklieva MI. Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance through New Medicinal and Synthetic Chemistry Strategies. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:419-439. [PMID: 30523713 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218812657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past century, a multitude of derivatives of structural scaffolds with established antimicrobial potential have been prepared and tested, and a variety of new scaffolds have emerged. The effectiveness of antibiotics, however, is in sharp decline because of the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. The prevalence of drug resistance, both in clinical and community settings, is a consequence of bacterial ingenuity in altering pathways and/or cell morphology, making it a persistent threat to human health. The fundamental ability of pathogens to survive in a multitude of habitats can be triggered by recognition of chemical signals that warn organisms of exposure to a potentially harmful environment. Host immune defenses, including reactive oxygen intermediates and antibacterial substances, are among the multitude of chemical signals that can subsequently trigger expression of phenotypes better adapted for survival in that hostile environment. Thus, resistance development appears to be unavoidable, which leads to the conclusion that developing an alternative perspective for treatment options is vital. This review will discuss emerging medicinal chemistry approaches for addressing the global multidrug resistance in the 21st century.
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46
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Zhu Z, Jeong G, Kim SJ, Gadwal I, Choe Y, Bang J, Oh MK, Khan A, Rao J. Balancing antimicrobial performance with hemocompatibility in amphiphilic homopolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Gookyeong Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Ikhlas Gadwal
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
| | - Youngson Choe
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pusan National University; Pusan 46241 South Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Jingyi Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 South Korea
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Hoff EA, Artim CM, Brown JS, Alabi CA. Sensitivity of Antibacterial Activity to Backbone Sequence in Constitutionally Isomeric OligoTEAs. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800241. [PMID: 30238615 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics but their translational potential is limited due to rapid degradation by serum proteases. Recently, a number of peptidomimetics with backbones resistant to proteolysis have been synthesized and their antimicrobial potential evaluated as a function of their hydrophobic to cationic ratio. However, these mimetics also have a fixed backbone thus making it difficult to isolate the effect of backbone hydrophobic composition and sequence. In this work, advantage is taken of the oligothioetheramide (oligoTEA) synthetic strategy that allows for precise control over backbone and pendant group placement to systematically study the effect of backbone hydrophobic sequence while keeping pendant group constant. Biophysical data acquired with a set of constitutional oligoTEA isomers show that backbone hydrophobic sequence, that is, local hydrophobicity, affects the mode of oligoTEA interaction with lipid bilayers. This differential interaction among the constitutionally isomeric oligoTEAs is manifested in their antibacterial activities and points to the possibility of using backbone hydrophobic sequence to tune antibacterial potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hoff
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christine M Artim
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joseph S Brown
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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48
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Artim CM, Phan NN, Alabi CA. Effect of Composition on Antibacterial Activity of Sequence-Defined Cationic Oligothioetheramides. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1257-1263. [PMID: 29750860 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In response to the urgent need for new antibiotic development strategies, antimicrobial peptides and their synthetic mimetics are being investigated as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. To facilitate their development into clinically viable candidates, we need to understand what molecular features and physicochemical properties are needed to induce cell death. Within the context of sequence-defined oligothioetheramides (oligoTEAs), we explore the impact of the cationic pendant group and backbone hydrophobicity on the potency and selectivity of antibacterial oligoTEAs. Through antibacterial, cytotoxicity, membrane destabilization, and membrane depolarization assays, we find a strong dependency on the nature of the cationic group and improved selectivity toward bacteria by tuning backbone hydrophobicity. In particular, compounds with the guanidinium headgroup are more potent than those with amines. Finally, we identify a promising oligoTEA, PDT-4G, with enhanced activity in vitro (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ∼ 0.78 μM) and moderate activity in a mouse thigh infection model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The studies outlined in this work provide insights into the effect of macromolecular physicochemical properties on antibacterial potency. This knowledge base will be vital for researchers engaged in the ongoing development of clinically viable antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Artim
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ngoc N. Phan
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher A. Alabi
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Bolarinwa O, Cai J. Developments with investigating descriptors for antimicrobial AApeptides and their derivatives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:727-739. [PMID: 29933702 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1487950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria resulting from prolonged treatment with conventional antibiotics has necessitated the need for continuous research for better antibiotic strategies. One of these alternatives is evolutionary antimicrobial peptides also known as host-defense peptides (HDPs). HDPs are an integral part of the innate defense system in multicellular eukaryotes. Although HDPs can largely circumvent the persistent problem of antibiotic resistance due to their bacteriolytic membrane mechanism, they have some drawbacks including a low activity profile and protease instability. AApeptides have recently been introduced as a new class of peptidomimetics with resistance to proteolysis, improved activity profile, and limitless possibilities for structural diversity. Furthermore, they have shown excellent antimicrobial activity. Areas covered: This review updates the reader on the latest developments of antimicrobial AApeptides, the various derivatizations, and their development for antimicrobial applications. The most recent findings on the heterogeneous γ-AA backbone are also outlined. Expert opinion: AApeptides have found diverse applications in antimicrobial studies. AApeptides are believed to exhibit bactericidal properties by imitating the membranolytic action of HDPs. They have shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and are active against medicinally relevant drug-resistant pathogens. AApeptides and their derivatives could gain therapeutic relevance in the design and development of antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olapeju Bolarinwa
- a Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- a Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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50
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Steinbuch KB, Benhamou RI, Levin L, Stein R, Fridman M. Increased Degree of Unsaturation in the Lipid of Antifungal Cationic Amphiphiles Facilitates Selective Fungal Cell Disruption. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:825-836. [PMID: 29419285 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial cationic amphiphiles derived from aminoglycosides act through cell membrane permeabilization but have limited selectivity for microbial cell membranes. Herein, we report that an increased degree of unsaturation in the fatty acid segment of antifungal cationic amphiphiles derived from the aminoglycoside tobramycin significantly reduced toxicity to mammalian cells. A collection of tobramycin-derived cationic amphiphiles substituted with C18 lipid chains varying in degree of unsaturation and double bond configuration were synthesized. All had potent activity against a panel of important fungal pathogens including strains with resistance to a variety of antifungal drugs. The tobramycin-derived cationic amphiphile substituted with linolenic acid with three cis double bonds (compound 6) was up to an order of magnitude less toxic to mammalian cells than cationic amphiphiles composed of lipids with a lower degree of unsaturation and than the fungal membrane disrupting drug amphotericin B. Compound 6 was 12-fold more selective (red blood cell hemolysis relative to antifungal activity) than compound 1, the derivative with a fully saturated lipid chain. Notably, compound 6 disrupted the membranes of fungal cells without affecting the viability of cocultured mammalian cells. This study demonstrates that the degree of unsaturation and the configuration of the double bond in lipids of cationic amphiphiles are important parameters that, if optimized, result in compounds with broad spectrum and potent antifungal activity as well as reduced toxicity toward mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kfir B. Steinbuch
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
| | - Raphael I. Benhamou
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
| | - Lotan Levin
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
| | - Reuven Stein
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
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