1
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Wang G, Yuan JL, Zhou R, Zou HB. Iron(II) Phthalocyanine-Catalyzed Homodimerization and Tandem Diamination of Diazo Compounds with Primary Amines: Access to Construct Substituted 2,3-Diaminosuccinonitriles in One-Pot. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38783702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We herein first report the homodimerization and tandem diamination of diazo compounds with primary amines catalyzed by the iron(II) phthalocyanine (PcFe(II)), which can construct one C-C bond and two C-N bonds within 20 min in one-pot. Compared to the traditional metal-catalyzed N-H insertion reaction between amines with diazo reagents, the developed reaction almost does not generate the N-H insertion product, but the homodimerization/tandem diamination product. The proposed mechanism studies indicate that primary amines play a crucial role in the homocoupling of diazo compounds via dimerization of iron(III)-acetonitrile radical generated from the reaction between diazoacetonitrile with PcFe(II) coordinated by bis(amines); the β-hydride elimination is involved, and then, the attack of primary amines toward the carbon atoms on the formed C-C bond is followed. Moreover, this novel reaction can be used to effectively prepare substituted 2,3-diaminosuccinonitriles with high yields and even up to >99:1 d.r., encouragingly these products contain both 1,2-diamines and succinonitrile motifs, which are two classes of important organic compounds with significant applications in many yields. This reaction is also suitable for the gram-scale preparation of 2,3-bis(phenylamino)succinonitrile (2a) with a yield of 84%. Therefore, the developed reaction represents a new type of transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Bioengineering, Yichun Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Jia-Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry & Bioengineering, Yichun Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry & Bioengineering, Yichun Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Huai-Bo Zou
- Department of Chemistry & Bioengineering, Yichun Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
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2
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Li L, Yang S, Xu Z, Li S, Jiang J, Zhang YQ. Dinuclear Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Radical-Type Kinetic Resolution of Epoxides for the Enantioselective Synthesis of cis-Glycidic Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13546-13557. [PMID: 38690842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Glycidic esters represent pivotal constituents in synthetic chemistry, offering enhanced versatility for tailoring toward a diverse array of molecular targets in comparison with simple epoxides. While considerable progress has been made in the asymmetric synthesis of trans- and trisubstituted glycidic esters, achieving enantioselective preparation of cis-glycidic esters has remained a long-standing challenge. Here, we demonstrate a selectivity-predictable modular platform for the asymmetric synthesis of cis-glycidic esters via a novel dinuclear (salen)titanium(III)-catalyzed radical-type kinetic resolution (KR) approach. This radical KR protocol operates under mild conditions and demonstrates a wide substrate scope, facilitating the synthesis of alkyl- and aryl-substituted cis-glycidic esters with high levels of regioselectivity and enantioselectivity, along with hydroxy ester byproducts representing synthetically valuable motifs as well. This study presents a unique exploration of radical-type KR applied to epoxides, effectively overcoming the steric challenges inherent in conventional nucleophilic-type methodologies typically employed in epoxide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shengxiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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3
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Lee WCC, Zhang XP. Metalloradical Catalysis: General Approach for Controlling Reactivity and Selectivity of Homolytic Radical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320243. [PMID: 38472114 PMCID: PMC11097140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Since Friedrich Wöhler's groundbreaking synthesis of urea in 1828, organic synthesis over the past two centuries has predominantly relied on the exploration and utilization of chemical reactions rooted in two-electron heterolytic ionic chemistry. While one-electron homolytic radical chemistry is both rich in fundamental reactivities and attractive with practical advantages, the synthetic application of radical reactions has been long hampered by the formidable challenges associated with the control over reactivity and selectivity of high-energy radical intermediates. To fully harness the untapped potential of radical chemistry for organic synthesis, there is a pressing need to formulate radically different concepts and broadly applicable strategies to address these outstanding issues. In pursuit of this objective, researchers have been actively developing metalloradical catalysis (MRC) as a comprehensive framework to guide the design of general approaches for controlling over reactivity and stereoselectivity of homolytic radical reactions. Essentially, MRC exploits the metal-centered radicals present in open-shell metal complexes as one-electron catalysts for homolytic activation of substrates to generate metal-entangled organic radicals as the key intermediates to govern the reaction pathway and stereochemical course of subsequent catalytic radical processes. Different from the conventional two-electron catalysis by transition metal complexes, MRC operates through one-electron chemistry utilizing stepwise radical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 (USA)
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 (USA)
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4
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Zhang Z, Slak D, Krebs T, Leuschner M, Schmickler N, Kuchuk E, Schmidt J, Domenianni LI, Kleine Büning JB, Grimme S, Vöhringer P, Gansäuer A. A Chiral Titanocene Complex as Regiodivergent Photoredox Catalyst: Synthetic Scope and Mechanism of Catalyst Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38016173 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a combined synthetic, spectroscopic, and computational study of a chiral titanocene complex as a regiodivergent photoredox catalyst (PRC). With Kagan's complex catCl2 either monoprotected 1,3-diols or 1,4-diols can be obtained in high selectivity from a common epoxide substrate in a regiodivergent epoxide opening depending on which enantiomer of the catalyst is employed. Due to the catalyst-controlled regioselectivity of ring opening and the broader substrate scope, the PRC with catCl2 is also a highly attractive branching point for diversity-oriented synthesis. The photochemical processes of cat(NCS)2, a suitable model for catCl2, were probed by time-correlated single-photon counting. The photoexcited complex displays a thermally activated delayed fluorescence as a result of a singlet-triplet equilibration, S1 ⇄ T1, via intersystem crossing and recrossing. Its triplet state is quenched by electron transfer to the T1 state. Computational and cyclic voltammetry studies highlight the importance of our sulfonamide additive. By bonding to sulfonamide additives, chloride abstraction from [catCl2]- is facilitated, and catalyst deactivation by coordination of the sulfonamide group is circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Slak
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Krebs
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Leuschner
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Schmickler
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Kuchuk
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis Ignacio Domenianni
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julius B Kleine Büning
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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5
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Liu J, Du YY, He YS, Liang Y, Liu SZ, Li YY, Cao YM. Parallel kinetic resolution of aziridines via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed apparent hydrolytic ring-opening. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12152-12159. [PMID: 37969581 PMCID: PMC10631200 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed apparent hydrolytic ring-opening reaction of racemic aziridines in a regiodivergent parallel kinetic resolution manner. Harnessing the acyloxy-assisted strategy, the highly stereocontrolled nucleophilic ring-opening of aziridines with water is achieved. Different kinds of aziridines are applicable in the process, giving a variety of enantioenriched aromatic or aliphatic amino alcohols with up to 99% yields and up to >99.5 : 0.5 enantiomeric ratio. Preliminary mechanistic study as well as product elaborations were inducted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- College of Science & China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yi-Ying Du
- College of Science & China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yu-Shi He
- College of Science & China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Science & China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shang-Zhong Liu
- College of Science & China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yi-Yi Li
- College of Science & China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yi-Ming Cao
- College of Science & China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
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6
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Li S, Zhu H, Li L, Chen W, Jiang J, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Zhang YQ. A Nuclearity-Dependent Enantiodivergent Epoxide Opening via Enthalpy-Controlled Mononuclear and Entropy-Controlled Dinuclear (Salen)Titanium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309525. [PMID: 37489882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A nuclearity-dependent enantiodivergent epoxide opening reaction has been developed, in which both antipodes of chiral alcohol products are selectively accessed by mononuclear (salen)TiIII complex and its self-assembled oxygen-bridged dinuclear counterparts within the same stereogenic ligand scaffold. Kinetic studies based on the Eyring equation revealed an enthalpy-controlled enantio-differentiation mode in mononuclear catalysis, whereas an entropy-controlled one in dinuclear catalysis. DFT calculations outline the origin of the enantiocontrol of the mononuclear catalysis and indicate the actual catalyst species in the dinuclear catalytic system. The mechanistic insights may shed a light on a strategy for stereoswichable asymmetric catalysis utilizing nuclearity-distinct transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wanjiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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7
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Schmidt J, Domenianni LI, Leuschner M, Gansäuer A, Vöhringer P. Observing the Entry Events of a Titanium-Based Photoredox Catalytic Cycle in Real Time. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307178. [PMID: 37335756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Titanium-based catalysis in single electron transfer (SET) steps has evolved into a versatile approach for the synthesis of fine chemicals and first attempts have recently been made to enhance its sustainability by merging it with photo-redox (PR) catalysis. Here, we explore the photochemical principles of all-Ti-based SET-PR-catalysis, i.e. in the absence of a precious metal PR-co-catalyst. By combining time-resolved emission with ultraviolet-pump/mid-infrared-probe (UV/MIR) spectroscopy on femtosecond-to-microsecond time scales we quantify the dynamics of the critical events of entry into the catalytic cycle; namely, the singlet-triplet interconversion of the do-it-all titanocene(IV) PR-catalyst and its one-electron reduction by a sacrificial amine electron donor. The results highlight the importance of the PR-catalyst's singlet-triplet gap as a design guide for future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schmidt
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis I Domenianni
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Leuschner
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Hilche T, Krebs T, Weißbarth H, Lang F, Schnakenburg G, Gansäuer A. Enantio- and Diastereomerically Pure Titanocenes by Dynamic Conformational Locking. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301645. [PMID: 37283199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure titanocenes is limited to cases with enantiomerically pure substituents at the cyclopentadienyl ligands and to ansa-titanocenes. For the latter complexes, the use of achiral ligands requires a resolution of enantiomers and frequently also a separation of the diastereoisomers obtained after metalation. Here, we introduce a new synthetic method that relies on the use of enantiomerically pure camphorsulfonate (CSA) ligands as control elements for the absolute and relative configuration of titanocene complexes. Starting from the conformationally flexible (RC5 H4 )2 TiCl2 , the desired conformationally locked and hence enantio- and diastereomerically pure complexes (RC5 H4 )2 Ti(CSA)2 are obtained in just two steps. According to X-ray crystallography the (RC5 H4 )2 Ti fragment is essentially C2 -symmetric and nuclear magnetic resonance displays overall C2 -symmetry. We applied density functional theory methods to unravel the dynamics of the complexes and the mechanisms and selectivities of their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hilche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Krebs
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik Weißbarth
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Lang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Xu P, Xie J, Wang DS, Zhang XP. Metalloradical approach for concurrent control in intermolecular radical allylic C-H amination. Nat Chem 2023; 15:498-507. [PMID: 36635599 PMCID: PMC10073309 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although they offer great potentials, the high reactivity and diverse pathways of radical chemistry pose difficult problems for applications in organic synthesis. In addition to the differentiation of multiple competing pathways, the control of various selectivities in radical reactions presents both formidable challenges and great opportunities. To regulate chemoselectivity and regioselectivity, as well as diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity, calls for the formulation of conceptually new approaches and fundamentally different governing principles. Here we show that Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis enables the radical chemoselective intermolecular amination of allylic C-H bonds through the employment of modularly designed D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins with a tunable pocket-like environment as the supporting ligand. The reaction exhibits a remarkable convergence of regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity in a single catalytic operation. In addition to demonstrating the unique opportunities of metalloradical catalysis in controlling homolytic radical reactions, the Co(II)-catalysed convergent C-H amination offers a route to synthesize valuable chiral α-tertiary amines directly from an isomeric mixture of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duo-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Zhou J, Wang D, Xu W, Hu Z, Xu T. Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Reductive Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with α-Chloroboronates via Dual Nickel/Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2081-2087. [PMID: 36688920 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Substantial advances in enantioconvergent C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formations have been made with nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of racemic alkyl electrophiles with organometallic reagents or nickel-hydride-catalyzed hydrocarbonation of alkenes. Herein, we report an unprecedented enantioselective C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive cross-coupling by the direct utilization of two different alkyl halides with dual nickel/photoredox catalysis system. This highly selective coupling of racemic α-chloroboronates and unactivated alkyl iodides furnishes chiral secondary alkyl boronic esters, which serve as useful and important intermediates in the realm of organic synthesis and enable a desirable protocol to fast construction of enantioenriched complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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11
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Gao Y, Zhang B, Levy L, Zhang HJ, Chi H, Baran PS. Ni-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dialkyl Carbinol Synthesis via Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling: Development, Scope, and Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10992-11002. [PMID: 35671374 PMCID: PMC9800071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective decarboxylative Negishi-type alkylations of α-oxy carboxylic acids are reported via the intermediacy of redox-active esters (RAEs). This transformation enables a radical-based retrosynthesis of seemingly trivial enantiopure dialkyl carbinols. This article includes a discussion of the history of such couplings, the retrosynthetic ramifications of such a coupling, the development of general conditions, and an extensive series of applications that vividly demonstrate how it can simplify synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Corresponding Author: Phil S. Baran − Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States;
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12
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Wang Z, Li B. Iridium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Hydroalkynylation of Unactivated 1,1‐Disubstituted Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201099. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Xuan Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bi‐Jie Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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13
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Wang Z, Li B. Iridium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Hydroalkynylation of Unactivated 1,1‐Disubstituted Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Xuan Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bi‐Jie Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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14
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Xie H, Wang S, Wang Y, Guo P, Shu XZ. Ti-Catalyzed Reductive Dehydroxylative Vinylation of Tertiary Alcohols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of epoxides would be a direct and powerful approach for alcohol synthesis, but it has proven to be elusive. Here, electrochemically epoxide hydrogenation using electrons and protons as reductants is reported. A wide range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols can be achieved through selective Markovnikov or anti-Markovnikov ring opening in the absence of transition metals. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the regioselectivity is controlled by the thermodynamic stabilities of the in situ generated benzyl radicals for aryl-substituted epoxides and the kinetic tendency for Markovnikov selective ring opening for alkyl-substituted epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wan Ma
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Zheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Lu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang C, Wang DS, Lee WCC, McKillop AM, Zhang XP. Controlling Enantioselectivity and Diastereoselectivity in Radical Cascade Cyclization for Construction of Bicyclic Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11130-11140. [PMID: 34260202 PMCID: PMC8399859 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical cascade cyclization reactions are highly attractive synthetic tools for the construction of polycyclic molecules in organic synthesis. While it has been successfully implemented in diastereoselective synthesis of natural products and other complex compounds, radical cascade cyclization faces a major challenge of controlling enantioselectivity. As the first application of metalloradical catalysis (MRC) for controlling enantioselectivity as well as diastereoselectivity in radical cascade cyclization, we herein report the development of a Co(II)-based catalytic system for asymmetric radical bicyclization of 1,6-enynes with diazo compounds. Through the fine-tuning of D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins as the supporting ligands, the Co(II)-catalyzed radical cascade process, which proceeds in a single operation under mild conditions, enables asymmetric construction of multisubstituted cyclopropane-fused tetrahydrofurans bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers, including two all-carbon quaternary centers, in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. Combined computational and experimental studies have shed light on the underlying stepwise radical mechanism for this new Co(II)-based cascade bicyclization that involves the relay of several Co-supported C-centered radical intermediates, including α-, β-, γ-, and ε-metalloalkyl radicals. The resulting enantioenriched cyclopropane-fused tetrahydrofurans that contain a trisubstituted vinyl group at the bridgehead, as showcased in several stereospecific transformations, may serve as useful intermediates for stereoselective organic synthesis. The successful demonstration of this new asymmetric radical process via Co(II)-MRC points out a potentially general approach for controlling enantioselectivity as well as diastereoselectivity in synthetically attractive radical cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Duo-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Alexander M McKillop
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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17
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Zhang Z, Stückrath JB, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene‐Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition of Bisenones and Comparison with Photoredox Catalysis and Established Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Julius B. Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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18
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Zhang Z, Stückrath JB, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition of Bisenones and Comparison with Photoredox Catalysis and Established Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14339-14344. [PMID: 33871126 PMCID: PMC8251790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cp2 Ti(TFA) is a broadly applicable catalyst for the [2+2] cycloaddition of bisenones by inner-sphere electron transfer. The attractiveness of this mechanism is shown by comparison with outer-sphere ET methods. DFT calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a unique unfavorable 5-exo (the rate-determining step) and a favorable 4-exo cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Julius B. Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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19
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Riart-Ferrer X, Sang P, Tao J, Xu H, Jin LM, Lu H, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Metalloradical activation of carbonyl azides for enantioselective radical aziridination. Chem 2021; 7:1120-1134. [PMID: 33869888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic azides have been increasingly employed as nitrogen sources for catalytic olefine aziridination due to their ease of preparation and generation of benign N2 as the only byproduct. Among common organic azides, carbonyl azides have not been previously demonstrated as effective nitrogen sources for intermolecular olefin aziridination despite the synthetic utilities of N-carbonyl aziridines. As a new application of metalloradical catalysis, we have developed a catalytic system that can effectively employ the carbonyl azide TrocN3 for highly asymmetric aziridination of alkenes at room temperature. The resulting enantioenriched N-Trocaziridines have been shown as valuable chiral synthons for stereoselective synthesis of other chiral aziridines and various chiral amines. The Co(II)-based metalloradical system, which proceeds with distinctive stepwise radical mechanism, may provide a general method for asymmetric synthesis of chiral aziridines from alkenes with organic azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Riart-Ferrer
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Peng Sang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jingran Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Li-Mei Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
- Lead contact
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20
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Li Y, Chen F, Zhu S, Chu L. Photoinduced triiodide-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-tosyl aziridines and alkenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A photoinduced triiodide-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-Ts aziridines and alkenes is described herein. This operationally simple protocol enables regioselective access to a wide range of substituted pyrrolidines under mild-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
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21
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Lang K, Li C, Kim I, Zhang XP. Enantioconvergent Amination of Racemic Tertiary C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20902-20911. [PMID: 33249845 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Racemization is considered to be an intrinsic stereochemical feature of free radical chemistry as can be seen in traditional radical halogenation reactions of optically active tertiary C-H bonds. If the facile process of radical racemization could be effectively combined with an ensuing step of bond formation in an enantioselective fashion, then it would give rise to deracemizative functionalization of racemic tertiary C-H bonds for stereoselective construction of chiral molecules bearing quaternary stereocenters. As a demonstration of this unique potential in radical chemistry, we herein report that metalloradical catalysis can be successfully applied to devise Co(II)-based catalytic system for enantioconvergent radical amination of racemic tertiary C(sp3)-H bonds. The key to the success of the radical process is the development of Co(II)-based metalloradical catalyst with fitting steric, electronic, and chiral environments of the D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin as the supporting ligand. The existence of optimal reaction temperature is recognized as an important factor in the realization of the enantioconvergent radical process. Supported by an optimized chiral ligand, the Co(II)-based metalloradical system can effectively catalyze the enantioconvergent 1,6-amination of racemic tertiary C(sp3)-H bonds at the optimal temperature, affording chiral α-tertiary amines in excellent yields with high enantiocontrol of the newly created quaternary stereocenters. Systematic studies, including experiments utilizing optically active deuterium-labeled C-H substrates as a model system, shed light on the underlying mechanistic details of this new catalytic process for enantioconvergent radical C-H amination. The remarkable power to create quaternary stereocenters bearing multiple functionalities from ubiquitous C-H bonds, as showcased with stereoselective construction of bicyclic N-heterocycles, opens the door for future synthetic applications of this new radical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Isaac Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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22
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Jin LM, Xu P, Xie J, Zhang XP. Enantioselective Intermolecular Radical C-H Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20828-20836. [PMID: 33238707 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radical reactions hold a number of inherent advantages in organic synthesis that may potentially impact the planning and practice for construction of organic molecules. However, the control of enantioselectivity in radical processes remains one of the longstanding challenges. While significant advances have recently been achieved in intramolecular radical reactions, the governing of asymmetric induction in intermolecular radical reactions still poses challenging issues. We herein report a catalytic approach that is highly effective for controlling enantioselectivity as well as reactivity of the intermolecular radical C-H amination of carboxylic acid esters with organic azides via Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis (MRC). The key to the success lies in the catalyst development to maximize noncovalent attractive interactions through fine-tuning of the remote substituents of the D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin ligand. This noncovalent interaction strategy presents a solution that may be generally applicable in controlling reactivity and enantioselectivity in intermolecular radical reactions. The Co(II)-catalyzed intermolecular C-H amination, which operates under mild conditions with the C-H substrate as the limiting reagent, exhibits a broad substrate scope with high chemoselectivity, providing effective access to valuable chiral amino acid derivatives with high enantioselectivities. Systematic mechanistic studies shed light into the working details of the underlying stepwise radical pathway for the Co(II)-based C-H amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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23
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Pak G, Park E, Park S, Kim J. Synthesis of (+)-Hypoxylactone through Allenoate γ-Addition: Revision of Stereochemistry. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14246-14252. [PMID: 33113328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of (+)-hypoxylactone has been accomplished in four steps starting from the allenoate γ-addition of threo-3-chloro-2-silyoxybutanals, leading to the revision of stereochemistry. The key was the discovery of control elements required to matching/mismatching cases in the allenoate γ-addition to provide the desired adducts as a single isomer. The utility of the γ-adduct was demonstrated with the Au(I)-catalyzed cyclization to afford (+)-xylogiblactone A. Use of Ag2O was the key to epoxidation for preventing epimerization of the γ-lactone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyungah Pak
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Euijin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Saehansaem Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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24
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Inuki S, Hirata N, Kashiwabara E, Kishi J, Aiba T, Teratani T, Nakamura W, Kojima Y, Maruyama T, Kanai T, Fujimoto Y. Polar functional group-containing glycolipid CD1d ligands modulate cytokine-biasing responses and prevent experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15766. [PMID: 32978421 PMCID: PMC7519074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The MHC class I-like molecule CD1d is a nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting glycoprotein, and its ligands include glycolipids, such as α-GalCer. The complexes between CD1d and ligands activate natural killer T cells by T cell receptor recognition, leading to the secretion of various cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, etc.). Herein, we report structure-activity relationship studies of α-GalCer derivatives containing various functional groups in their lipid acyl chains. Several derivatives have been identified as potent CD1d ligands displaying higher cytokine induction levels and/or unique cytokine polarization. The studies also indicated that flexibility of the lipid moiety can affect the binding affinity, the total cytokine production level and/or cytokine biasing. Based on our immunological evaluation and investigation of physicochemical properties, we chose bisamide- and Bz amide-containing derivatives 2 and 3, and evaluated their in vivo efficacy in a DSS-induced model of ulcerative colitis. The derivative 3 that exhibits Th2- and Th17-biasing responses, demonstrated significant protective effects against intestinal inflammation in the DSS-induced model, after a single intraperitoneal injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hirata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Emi Kashiwabara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aiba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakamura
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kojima
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.
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25
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Fermi A, Gualandi A, Bergamini G, Cozzi PG. Shining Light on Ti
IV
Complexes: Exceptional Tools for Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fermi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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26
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Gansäuer A, Weißbarth H, Mühlhaus F. Titanocene-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening – From Desymmetrizing meso-Epoxides to Regiodivergent Arylation of Epoxides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While SN2 based desymmetrization of meso-epoxides has been extensively researched, the more general regioselective opening of cis-1,2 substituted epoxides via SN2 mechanism remains elusive. This short review outlines, how this limitation could be overcome by parting with SN2 and moving towards a radical-based mechanism. The development and refinement of the titanocene(III)-catalyzed regiodivergent epoxide opening (REO) is described.1 Introduction to Asymmetric Catalysis2 From Enantiodivergent to Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening3 Regiodivergent Arylation of Epoxides4 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn
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27
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Liu X, Liu B, Liu Q. Migratory Hydrogenation of Terminal Alkynes by Base/Cobalt Relay Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bingxue Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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28
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Liu X, Liu B, Liu Q. Migratory Hydrogenation of Terminal Alkynes by Base/Cobalt Relay Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6750-6755. [PMID: 32118345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Migratory functionalization of alkenes has emerged as a powerful strategy to achieve functionalization at a distal position to the original reactive site on a hydrocarbon chain. However, an analogous protocol for alkyne substrates is yet to be developed. Herein, a base and cobalt relay catalytic process for the selective synthesis of (Z)-2-alkenes and conjugated E alkenes by migratory hydrogenation of terminal alkynes is disclosed. Mechanistic studies support a relay catalytic process involving a sequential base-catalyzed isomerization of terminal alkynes and cobalt-catalyzed hydrogenation of either 2-alkynes or conjugated diene intermediates. Notably, this practical non-noble metal catalytic system enables efficient control of the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bingxue Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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29
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Manßen M, Schafer LL. Titanium catalysis for the synthesis of fine chemicals – development and trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6947-6994. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atlas as a Titan(ium) is holding the earth-abundant chemistry world. Titanium is the second most abundant transition metal, is a key player in important industrial processes (e.g. polyethylene) and shows much promise for diverse applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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30
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González-Delgado JA, Arteaga JF. Control of Homocoupling Versus Reduction in Titanium(III)-Mediated Radical Opening of Styrene Oxides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. González-Delgado
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; University of Huelva; Campus de El Carmen s/n E-21071 Huelva Spain
| | - Jesús F. Arteaga
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; University of Huelva; Campus de El Carmen s/n E-21071 Huelva Spain
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31
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Nagaraju S, Liu S, Liu J, Yang S, Liu R, Chen Z, Paplal B, Fang X. Regioselectivity-Switchable Catalytic Annulations of Alkynyl α-Diketones and α-Cyanoketones. Org Lett 2019; 21:10075-10080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakkani Nagaraju
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinggong Liu
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Zhizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Banoth Paplal
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xinqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
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32
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Hu Y, Lang K, Li C, Gill JB, Kim I, Lu H, Fields KB, Marshall M, Cheng Q, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Enantioselective Radical Construction of 5-Membered Cyclic Sulfonamides by Metalloradical C-H Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18160-18169. [PMID: 31622088 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both arylsulfonyl and alkylsulfonyl azides can be effectively activated by the cobalt(II) complexes of D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins for enantioselective radical 1,5-C-H amination to stereoselectively construct 5-membered cyclic sulfonamides. In addition to C-H bonds with varied electronic properties, the Co(II)-based metalloradical system features chemoselective amination of allylic C-H bonds and is compatible with heteroaryl groups, producing functionalized 5-membered chiral cyclic sulfonamides in high yields with high enantioselectivities. The unique profile of reactivity and selectivity of the Co(II)-catalyzed C-H amination is attributed to its underlying stepwise radical mechanism, which is supported by several lines of experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Joseph B Gill
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Isaac Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Kimberly B Fields
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - McKenzie Marshall
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Qigan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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33
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Abstract
New catalytic strategies that leverage single-electron redox events have provided chemists with useful tools for solving synthetic problems. In this context, Ti offers opportunities that are complementary to late transition metals for reaction discovery. Following foundational work on epoxide reductive functionalization, recent methodological advances have significantly expanded the repertoire of Ti radical chemistry. This Synopsis summarizes recent developments in the burgeoning area of Ti radical catalysis with a focus on innovative catalytic strategies such as radical redox-relay and dual catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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34
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Mühlhaus F, Weißbarth H, Dahmen T, Schnakenburg G, Gansäuer A. Merging Regiodivergent Catalysis with Atom-Economical Radical Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14208-14212. [PMID: 31394024 PMCID: PMC6852184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A titanocene-catalyzed regiodivergent radical arylation is described that allows access to either enantiomerically pure tetrahydroquinolines or indolines from a common starting material. The regioselectivity of epoxide opening that results in the high selectivity of heterocycle formation is controlled by two factors, the absolute configuration of the enantiopure ligands of the (C5 H4 R)2 TiX2 catalyst and the inorganic ligand X (X=Cl, OTs). The overall reaction is atom-economical and constitutes a radical Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mühlhaus
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Hendrik Weißbarth
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Tobias Dahmen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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35
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Mühlhaus F, Weißbarth H, Dahmen T, Schnakenburg G, Gansäuer A. Merging Regiodivergent Catalysis with Atom‐Economical Radical Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mühlhaus
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Hendrik Weißbarth
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Tobias Dahmen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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36
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Lang K, Torker S, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Induction and Enantiodivergence in Catalytic Radical C-H Amination via Enantiodifferentiative H-Atom Abstraction and Stereoretentive Radical Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12388-12396. [PMID: 31280562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Control of enantioselectivity remains a major challenge in radical chemistry. The emergence of metalloradical catalysis (MRC) offers a conceptually new strategy for addressing this and other outstanding issues. Through the employment of D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins as the supporting ligands, Co(II)-based MRC has enabled the development of new catalytic systems for asymmetric radical transformations with a unique profile of reactivity and selectivity. With the support of new-generation HuPhyrin chiral ligands whose cavity environment can be fine-tuned, the Co-centered d-radicals enable to address challenging issues that require exquisite control of fundamental radical processes. As showcased with asymmetric 1,5-C-H amination of sulfamoyl azides, the enantiocontrol of which has proven difficult, the judicious use of HuPhyrin ligand by tuning the bridge length and other remote nonchiral elements allows for controlling both the degree and sense of asymmetric induction in a systematic manner. This effort leads to successful development of new Co(II)-based catalytic systems that are highly effective for enantiodivergent radical 1,5-C-H amination, producing both enantiomers of the strained five-membered cyclic sulfamides with excellent enantioselectivities. Detailed deuterium-labeling studies, together with DFT computation, have revealed an unprecedented mode of asymmetric induction that consists of enantiodifferentiative H-atom abstraction and stereoretentive radical substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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37
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Yang H, Zheng WH. Parallel Kinetic Resolution of Unsymmetrical Acyclic Aliphatic syn-1,3-Diols. Org Lett 2019; 21:5197-5200. [PMID: 31247762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Disclosed is a mild, reliable, and enantioselective catalytic parallel kinetic resolution of unsymmetrical acyclic aliphatic syn-1,3-diol derived acetals mediated by chiral phosphoric acid. This method provides stereoselective access to a variety of syn-1,3-diols as valuable building blocks with high enantioselectivity. Moreover, this mild system allows for site-selective protection of optically pure syn-1,3-diols in excellent regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wen-Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu , China
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38
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Ye KY, McCallum T, Lin S. Bimetallic Radical Redox-Relay Catalysis for the Isomerization of Epoxides to Allylic Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9548-9554. [PMID: 31180216 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic radicals are generally short-lived intermediates with exceptionally high reactivity. Strategically, achieving synthetically useful transformations mediated by organic radicals requires both efficient initiation and selective termination events. Here, we report a new catalytic strategy, namely, bimetallic radical redox-relay, in the regio- and stereoselective rearrangement of epoxides to allylic alcohols. This approach exploits the rich redox chemistry of Ti and Co complexes and merges reductive epoxide ring opening (initiation) with hydrogen atom transfer (termination). Critically, upon effecting key bond-forming and -breaking events, Ti and Co catalysts undergo proton transfer/electron transfer with one another to achieve turnover, thus constituting a truly synergistic dual catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yin Ye
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , 350116 , P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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39
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Zhang Z, Richrath RB, Gansäuer A. Merging Catalysis in Single Electron Steps with Photoredox Catalysis—Efficient and Sustainable Radical Chemistry. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ruben B. Richrath
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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40
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Hu Y, Lang K, Tao J, Marshall MK, Cheng Q, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Next-Generation D 2 -Symmetric Chiral Porphyrins for Cobalt(II)-Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Catalyst Engineering by Distal Bridging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2670-2674. [PMID: 30601601 PMCID: PMC6456056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel D2 -symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins with alkyl bridges across two chiral amide units on both sides of the porphyrin plane (designated "HuPhyrin") have been effectively constructed in a modular fashion to permit variation of the bridge length. The CoII complexes of HuPhyrin, [Co(HuPhyrin)], represent new-generation metalloradical catalysts where the metal-centered d-radical is situated inside a cavity-like ligand with a more rigid chiral environment and enhanced hydrogen-bonding capability. As demonstrated with cyclopropanation and aziridination as model reactions, the bridged [Co(HuPhyrin)] functions notably different from the open catalysts, exhibiting significant enhancement in both reactivity and stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the length of the distal alkyl bridge can have a remarkable influence on the catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Jingran Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | | | - Qigan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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41
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Leijendekker LH, Weweler J, Leuther TM, Kratzert D, Streuff J. Development, Scope, and Applications of Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Cyclizations to Aminated N-Heterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:3382-3390. [PMID: 30615817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardus H. Leijendekker
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Tobias M. Leuther
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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42
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Hu Y, Lang K, Tao J, Marshall MK, Cheng Q, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Next‐Generation
D
2
‐Symmetric Chiral Porphyrins for Cobalt(II)‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Catalyst Engineering by Distal Bridging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jingran Tao
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | | | - Qigan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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43
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Li C, Lang K, Lu H, Hu Y, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Catalytic Radical Process for Enantioselective Amination of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16837-16841. [PMID: 30347505 PMCID: PMC6339699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new catalytic radical system involving CoII -based metalloradical catalysis is effective in activating sulfamoyl azides for enantioselective radical 1,6-amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds, affording six-membered chiral heterocyclic sulfamides in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The CoII -catalyzed C-H amination features an unusual degree of functional-group tolerance and chemoselectivity. The unique reactivity and stereoselectivity is attributed to the underlying stepwise radical pathway. The resulting optically active cyclic sulfamides can be readily converted into synthetically useful chiral 1,3-diamine derivatives without loss in enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
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44
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Li C, Lang K, Lu H, Hu Y, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Catalytic Radical Process for Enantioselective Amination of C(sp
3
)−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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45
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Cao YM, Lentz D, Christmann M. Synthesis of Enantioenriched Bromohydrins via Divergent Reactions of Racemic Intermediates from Anchimeric Oxygen Borrowing. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10677-10681. [PMID: 30099869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed bromocyclization/regiodivergent reaction of racemic intermediates sequence, which is enabled by anchimeric oxygen borrowing. Different types of alkenes are applicable, and both enantiomers of the bromohydrin products were obtained in generally excellent yields and enantioselectivities. In addition, an example of enantioconvergent synthesis from the two isomeric products is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Cao
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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46
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Padarti A, Kim D, Han H. Highly Stereoselective 2-Oxonia-Cope Rearrangement: A Platform Enabling At-Will Control of Regio-, Enantio-, and Diastereoselectivity in the Vinylogous Aldol Reactions of Aldehydes. Org Lett 2018; 20:756-759. [PMID: 29345942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A distinctly different approach for the vinylogous aldolation of aldehydes is described, which exploits 2-oxonia-Cope rearrangement reactions between two readily available partners, a set of rationally designed chiral homoallylic alcohol synthons and aldehydes, under simple conditions. In these processes, chirality transfer from the former to the latter is nearly perfect, giving rise to excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity without the regioselectivity issue associated with traditional vinylogous aldol reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Padarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Dongeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hyunsoo Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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47
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Inuki S, Ohta I, Ishibashi S, Takamatsu M, Fukase K, Fujimoto Y. Total Synthesis of Cardiolipins Containing Chiral Cyclopropane Fatty Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7832-7838. [PMID: 28682614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid located in both the eukaryotic mitochondrial inner membrane and the bacterial cell membrane. Some bacterial CLs are known to contain cyclopropane moieties in their acyl chains. Although the CLs are thought to be involved in the innate immune response, there have been few attempts at chemical synthesis of the CLs, and detailed studies of their biological activities are scarce. Thus, we have developed a synthetic route to CLs containing chiral cyclopropane moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ippei Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shunichi Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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48
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Wang Y, Wen X, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang P. Asymmetric Radical Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with In Situ-Generated Donor-Substituted Diazo Reagents via Co(II)-Based Metalloradical Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1049-1052. [PMID: 28051870 PMCID: PMC5266645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Donor-substituted diazo reagents, generated in situ from sulfonyl hydrazones in the presence of base, can serve as suitable radical precursors for Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis (MRC). The cobalt(II) complex of D2-symmetric chiral porphyrin [Co(3,5-DitBu-Xu(2'-Naph)Phyrin)] is an efficient metalloradical catalyst that is capable of activating different N-arylsulfonyl hydrazones for asymmetric radical cyclopropanation of a broad range of alkenes, affording the corresponding cyclopropanes in high yields with effective control of both diastereo- and enantioselectivity. This Co(II)-based metalloradical system represents the first catalytic protocol that can effectively utilize donor-type diazo reagents for asymmetric olefin cyclopropanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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Funken N, Zhang YQ, Gansäuer A. Regiodivergent Catalysis: A Powerful Tool for Selective Catalysis. Chemistry 2016; 23:19-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Funken
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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Funken N, Mühlhaus F, Gansäuer A. General, Highly Selective Synthesis of 1,3- and 1,4-Difunctionalized Building Blocks by Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12030-4. [PMID: 27600090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe a regiodivergent epoxide opening (REO) featuring a catalyst-controlled synthesis of enantiomerically and diastereomerically highly enriched or pure syn- and anti- 1,3- and 1,4-difunctionalized building blocks from a common epoxide precursor. The REO is attractive for natural product synthesis and as a branching reaction for diversity-oriented synthesis with epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Funken
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Mühlhaus
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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