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Joffrin AM, Saunders AM, Barneda D, Flemington V, Thompson AL, Sanganee HJ, Conway SJ. Development of isotope-enriched phosphatidylinositol-4- and 5-phosphate cellular mass spectrometry probes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2549-2557. [PMID: 34820112 PMCID: PMC8607509 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PtdInsPn) derivatives play a pivotal role in broadening our understanding of PtdInsPn metabolism. However, the development of such tools is reliant on efficient enantioselective and regioselective synthetic strategies. Here we report the development of a divergent synthetic route applicable to the synthesis of deuterated PtdIns4P and PtdIns5P derivatives. The synthetic strategy developed involves a key enzymatic desymmetrisation step using Lipozyme TL-IM®. In addition, we optimised the large-scale synthesis of deuterated myo-inositol, allowing for the preparation of a series of saturated and unsaturated deuterated PtdIns4P and PtdIns5P derivatives. Experiments in MCF7 cells demonstrated that these deuterated probes enable quantification of the corresponding endogenous phospholipids in a cellular setting. Overall, these deuterated probes will be powerful tools to help improve our understanding of the role played by PtdInsPn in physiology and disease. We report the synthesis of deuterium-labelled derivatives of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, and demonstrate their use in quantifying levels of endogenous phospholipids in cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie M Joffrin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alex M Saunders
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - David Barneda
- Inositide Laboratory, Babraham Institute Babraham Research Campus Cambridge CB22 3AT UK.,Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | | | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Hitesh J Sanganee
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Comparative Studies on the Susceptibility of (R)-2,3-Dipalmitoyloxypropylphosphonocholine (DPPnC) and Its Phospholipid Analogues to the Hydrolysis or Ethanolysis Catalyzed by Selected Lipases and Phospholipases. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility of soybean phosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and its phosphono analogue (R)-2,3-dipalmitoyloxypropylphosphonocholine (DPPnC) towards selected lipases and phospholipases was compared. The ethanolysis of substrates at sn-1 position was carried out by lipase from Mucor miehei (Lipozyme®) and lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) in 95% ethanol at 30 °C, and the hydrolysis with LecitaseTM Ultra was carried out in hexane/water at 50 °C. Hydrolysis at sn-2 position was carried out in isooctane/Tris-HCl/AOT system at 40 °C using phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from porcine pancreas and PLA2 from bovine pancreas or 25 °C using PLA2 from bee venom. Hydrolysis in the polar part of the studied compounds was carried out at 30 °C in acetate buffer/ethyl acetate system using phospholipase D (PLD) from Streptococcus sp. and PLD from white cabbage or in Tris-HCl buffer/methylene chloride system at 35 °C using PLD from Streptomyces chromofuscus. The results showed that the presence of C-P bond between glycerol and phosphoric acid residue in DPPnC increases the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis or ethanolysis of ester bonds at the sn-1 and sn-2 position and decreases the rate of hydrolysis in the polar head of the molecule. The most significant changes in the reaction rates were observed for reaction with PLD from Streptococcus sp. and PLD from Streptomyces chromofuscus that hydrolyzed DPPnC approximately two times slower than DPPC and soybean PC. The lower susceptibility of DPPnC towards enzymatic hydrolysis by phospholipases D gives hope for the possibility of using DPPnC-like phosphonolipids as the carriers of bioactive molecules that, instead of choline, can be bounded with diacylpropylphosphonic acids (DPPnA).
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Abe J, Guy AT, Ding F, Greimel P, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H, Ito Y. Systematic synthesis of novel phosphoglycolipid analogues as potential agonists of GPR55. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8467-8473. [PMID: 33063071 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR55 is attracting attention as a pharmaceutical target, because of its relationship with various physiological and pathological events. Although GPR55 was initially deorphanized as a cannabinoid receptor, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is now widely perceived to be an endogenous ligand of GPR55. Recently, lysophosphatidyl-β-d-glucoside (LPGlc) has been found to act on GPR55 to repel dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In this study, we designed and synthesized various LPGlc analogues having the squaryldiamide group as potential agonists of GPR55. By the axon turning assay, several analogues exhibited similar activities to that of LPGlc. These results will provide valuable information for understanding the mode of action of LPGlc and its analogues and for the discovery of potent and selective antagonists or agonists of GPR55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Abe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Adam T Guy
- RIKEN Center for Brain Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peter Greimel
- RIKEN Center for Brain Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | | - Yukishige Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Polyphosphoinositides in the nucleus: Roadmap of their effectors and mechanisms of interaction. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 72:7-21. [PMID: 31003946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular interactions between proteins and polyphosphoinositides (PPIn) are essential in the regulation of the vast majority of cellular processes. Consequently, alteration of these interactions is implicated in the development of many diseases. PPIn are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol and consist of seven species with different phosphate combinations. PPIn signal by recruiting proteins via canonical domains or short polybasic motifs. Although their actions are predominantly documented on cytoplasmic membranes, six of the seven PPIn are present within the nucleus together with the PPIn kinases, phosphatases and phospholipases that regulate their turnover. Importantly, the contribution of nuclear PPIn in the regulation of nuclear processes has led to an increased recognition of their importance compared to their more accepted cytoplasmic roles. This review summarises our knowledge on the identification and functional characterisation of nuclear PPIn-effector proteins as well as their mode of interactions, which tend to favour polybasic motifs.
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Ohkouchi C, Kumamoto K, Saito M, Ishigame T, Suzuki SI, Takenoshita S, Harris CC. ING2, a tumor associated gene, enhances PAI‑1 and HSPA1A expression with HDAC1 and mSin3A through the PHD domain and C‑terminal. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7367-7374. [PMID: 28944862 PMCID: PMC5865867 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of growth 2 (ING2) is involved in chromatin remodeling and it has previously been suggested that ING2 may regulate gene expression. The authors previously identified matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) as a target gene of ING2 in colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify novel genes regulated by ING2 and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and to clarify the biological significance of the ING2 structure. The present study generated the point mutant constructs of ING2 and deletion constructs consisting of partial ING2 to investigate the effect on gene expression and verify the interaction with HDAC1, mSin3A and sap30. A microarray was performed to find novel ING2/HDAC1 target genes using cell co-overexpression of ING2 and HDAC1. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was upregulated with overexpression of ING1b and ING2. The mutation of the PHD domain at 218 significantly attenuated the MMP13 and PAI-1 expression, whereas the mutation at 224 resulted in increased expression. Furthermore, the expression levels were slightly reduced by the mutation of the C-terminal. The lack of the PHD domain and the C-terminal in ING2 resulted in a decreased ability to induce gene expression. The C-terminal with PHD domain, which lacked the N-terminal, maintained the transactive function for regulating the target genes. In addition to MMP13 and PAI-1, eight genes [heat shock protein family A member 1A (HSPA1A), MIR7-3 host gene, chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1, growth arrest and DNA damage inducible b, dehydrogenase/reductase 2, galectin 1, myosin light chain 1, and VGF nerve growth factor inducible] were demonstrated to be associated with ING2/HDAC1. The present study demonstrated that ING2/HDAC1 regulated PAI-1 and HSPA1A expression and the PHD domain and the C-terminal of ING2, which are binding sites of HDAC1 and mSin3A, are essential regions for the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyo Ohkouchi
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kumamoto
- Department of Coloproctology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima 969‑3492, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Teruhide Ishigame
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
| | - Cutis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Betulin Phosphonates; Synthesis, Structure, and Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091123. [PMID: 27571057 PMCID: PMC6273377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulin derivatives are a widely studied group of compounds of natural origin due to their wide spectrum of biological activities. This paper describes new betulin derivatives, containing a phosphonate group. The allyl-vinyl isomerization and synthesis of acetylenic derivatives have been reported. Structural identification of products as E and Z isomers has been carried out using 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR, and crystallographic analysis. The crystal structure in the orthorhombic space group and analysis of crystal packing contacts for 29-diethoxyphosphoryl-28-cyclopropylpropynoyloxy-lup-20E(29)-en-3β-ol 8a are reported. All new compounds were tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against human T47D (breast cancer), SNB-19 (glioblastoma), and C32 (melanoma) cell lines.
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A polybasic motif in ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) has key functions in nucleolar localization and polyphosphoinositide interaction. Biochem J 2016; 473:2033-47. [PMID: 27118868 PMCID: PMC4941749 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We reveal the identification of a polybasic motif necessary for polyphosphoinositide interaction and nucleolar targeting of ErbB3 binding protein 1 (EBP1). EBP1 interacts directly with phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-triphosphate and their association is detected in the nucleolus, implying regulatory roles of nucleolar processes. Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) are present in the nucleus where they participate in crucial nuclear processes, such as chromatin remodelling, transcription and mRNA processing. In a previous interactomics study, aimed to gain further insight into nuclear PPIns functions, we identified ErbB3 binding protein 1 (EBP1) as a potential nuclear PPIn-binding protein in a lipid pull-down screen. EBP1 is a ubiquitous and conserved protein, located in both the cytoplasm and nucleolus, and associated with cell proliferation and survival. In the present study, we show that EBP1 binds directly to several PPIns via two distinct PPIn-binding sites consisting of clusters of lysine residues and positioned at the N- and C-termini of the protein. Using interaction mutants, we show that the C-terminal PPIn-binding motif contributes the most to the localization of EBP1 in the nucleolus. Importantly, a K372N point mutation, located within the C-terminal motif and found in endometrial tumours, is sufficient to alter the nucleolar targeting of EBP1. Our study reveals also the presence of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit p110β and its product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 together with EBP1 in the nucleolus. Using NMR, we further demonstrate an association between EBP1 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 via both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, these results show that EBP1 interacts directly with PPIns and associate with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the nucleolus. The presence of p110β and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the nucleolus indicates their potential role in regulating nucleolar processes, at least via EBP1.
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ZHAO SHUANG, YANG XUEFENG, GOU WENFENG, LU HANG, LI HUA, ZHU ZHITU, SUN HONGZHI, ZHENG HUACHUAN. Expression profiles of inhibitor of growth protein 2 in normal and cancer tissues: An immunohistochemical screening analysis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1881-7. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Chen WB, Liu JB, Dou DL, Song FB, Li LY, Xi Z. Synthesis and screening of novel inositol phosphonate derivatives for anticancer functions in vitro. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Guérillon C, Bigot N, Pedeux R. The ING tumor suppressor genes: Status in human tumors. Cancer Lett 2014; 345:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Vasconcelos MG, Briggs RH, Aguiar LC, Freire DM, Simas AB. Efficient desymmetrization of 4,6-di-O-benzyl-myo-inositol by Lipozyme TL-IM. Carbohydr Res 2014; 386:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhong J, Yang L, Liu N, Zheng J, Lin CY. Knockdown of inhibitor of growth protein 2 inhibits cell invasion and enhances chemosensitivity to 5-FU in human gastric cancer cells. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:3189-97. [PMID: 23864195 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibitor of growth (ING) family is involved in multiple cellular functions, but the role of ING2 in gastric cancer progression is unclear. AIM To investigate the effects of ING2 gene knockdown on chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human gastric cancer cells and its possible mechanisms. METHODS Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting ING2 (shING2) was transfected into MGC-803 cells using Lipofectamine 2000, and stable transfection cell lines were established using G418. Cell viability, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis, and invasive ability were measured to determine the influence of ING2 knockdown on cell biologic characteristics. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of ING2, cyclin D1, NF-kappaB/p65, and several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were determined by use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that ING2 knockdown induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell viability significantly (P < 0.05). Additionally, ING2 knockdown induced a specific G0/G1 arrest. Furthermore, the suppression of ING2 could enhance the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to 5-FU significantly. Moreover, knockdown of ING2 expression significantly reduced cellular metastatic ability and expression of MMPs in MGC-803 cells. The expression of cyclin D1 and NF-kappaB/p65 was also markedly inhibited in MGC-803/shING2 cells compared with control cells. CONCLUSIONS ING2 not only plays an essential role in the growth and invasion of MGC-803 cells but also represents a potential approach to chemosensitization therapy in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, No 122 Xianzheng Street, Hanyang District, Wuhan, 430050, Hubei, People's Republic of China,
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Guérillon C, Larrieu D, Pedeux R. ING1 and ING2: multifaceted tumor suppressor genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3753-72. [PMID: 23412501 PMCID: PMC11113716 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of Growth 1 (ING1) was identified and characterized as a "candidate" tumor suppressor gene in 1996. Subsequently, four more genes, also characterized as "candidate" tumor suppressor genes, were identified by homology search: ING2, ING3, ING4, and ING5. The ING proteins are characterized by a high homology in their C-terminal domain, which contains a Nuclear Localization Sequence and a Plant HomeoDomain (PHD), which has a high affinity to Histone 3 tri-methylated on lysine 4 (H3K4Me3). The ING proteins have been involved in the control of cell growth, senescence, apoptosis, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair. Within the ING family, ING1 and ING2 form a subgroup since they are evolutionarily and functionally close. In yeast, only one gene, Pho23, is related to ING1 and ING2 and possesses also a PHD. Recently, the ING1 and ING2 tumor suppressor status has been fully established since several studies have described the loss of ING1 and ING2 protein expression in human tumors and both ING1 and ING2 knockout mice were reported to have spontaneously developed tumors, B cell lymphomas, and soft tissue sarcomas, respectively. In this review, we will describe for the first time what is known about the ING1 and ING2 genes, proteins, their regulations in both human and mice, and their status in human tumors. Furthermore, we explore the current knowledge about identified functions involving ING1 and ING2 in tumor suppression pathways especially in the control of cell cycle and in genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guérillon
- INSERM U917, Faculté de Médecine de Rennes, Microenvironnement et Cancer, Building 2, Room 117, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Larrieu
- The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM U917, Faculté de Médecine de Rennes, Microenvironnement et Cancer, Building 2, Room 117, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
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Nuclear phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate regulates ING2 stability at discrete chromatin targets in response to DNA damage. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2137. [PMID: 23823870 PMCID: PMC3705588 DOI: 10.1038/srep02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ING2 (inhibitor of growth family member 2) is a component of a chromatin-regulatory complex that represses gene expression and is implicated in cellular processes that promote tumor suppression. However, few direct genomic targets of ING2 have been identified and the mechanism(s) by which ING2 selectively regulates genes remains unknown. Here we provide evidence that direct association of ING2 with the nuclear phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PtdIns(5)P) regulates a subset of ING2 targets in response to DNA damage. At these target genes, the binding event between ING2 and PtdIns(5)P is required for ING2 promoter occupancy and ING2-associated gene repression. Moreover, depletion of PtdIns(5)P attenuates ING2-mediated regulation of these targets in the presence of DNA damage. Taken together, these findings support a model in which PtdIns(5)P functions as a sub-nuclear trafficking factor that stabilizes ING2 at discrete genomic sites.
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Shisheva A. PtdIns5P: news and views of its appearance, disappearance and deeds. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:171-80. [PMID: 23916588 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence indicates that PtdIns5P, one of the seven phosphoinositides, found now to be constitutively present in yeast, plants and metazoa, serves as a signaling molecule to modulate pleiotropic cellular functions in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The enzymatic routes in biogenesis of basal PtdIns5P have remained incompletely understood. The role for candidate kinase PIKfyve that is principally involved in PtdIns(3,5)P2 production, has been questioned. In this review article we scrutinize the past obstacles that prevented the definitive implication of PIKfyve in PtdIns5P biosynthesis from PtdIns and focus on the recent pharmacological and genetic advancements that now make this conclusion well supported. We further summarize our current knowledge of the diverse stimuli modulating PtdIns5P levels, binding partners and regulated cellular process, with particular reference to the available mechanistic insights for the relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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Vidyasagar A, Pathigoolla A, Sureshan KM. Chemoselective alcoholysis/acetolysis of trans-ketals over cis-ketals and its application in the total synthesis of the cellular second messenger, d-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5443-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adiyala Vidyasagar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India
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He J, Gajewiak J, Scott JL, Gong D, Ali M, Best MD, Prestwich GD, Stahelin RV, Kutateladze TG. Metabolically stabilized derivatives of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate: synthesis and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:1312-9. [PMID: 22035800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) lipid is an essential component of eukaryotic membranes and a marker of the Golgi complex. Here, we developed metabolically stabilized (ms) analogs of PtdIns(4)P and the inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (IP(2)) head group derivative and demonstrated that these compounds can substitute the natural lipid fully retaining its physiological activities. The methylenephosphonate (MP) and phosphorothioate (PT) analogs of PtdIns(4)P and the aminohexyl (AH)-IP(2) probe are recognized by the PtdIns(4)P-specific PH domain of four phosphate adaptor protein 1 (FAPP1). Binding of FAPP1 to the PtdIns(4)P derivatives stimulates insertion of the PH domain into the lipid layers and induces tubulation of membranes. Both ms analogs and IP(2) probes could be invaluable for identifying protein effectors and characterizing PtdIns(4)P-dependent signaling cascades within the trans-Golgi network (TGN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju He
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Elliott TS, Slowey A, Ye Y, Conway SJ. The use of phosphate bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chang-Ileto B, Frere SG, Di Paolo G. Acute manipulation of phosphoinositide levels in cells. Methods Cell Biol 2012; 108:187-207. [PMID: 22325604 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386487-1.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are membrane-bound signaling phospholipids that function in a myriad of cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, ion channel and transporter function, and signal transduction. In order to better understand the role of phosphoinositides in cellular processes, different approaches to study the effects of the presence or absence of these lipids must be devised. Conventional approaches of manipulating phosphoinositide levels such as over-expression or genetic ablation of lipid enzymes cause prolonged exposure of the cells to changes in lipid levels that could result in compensatory actions by the cell or downstream alterations in cell physiology. In this chapter we present an approach used recently by various laboratories, including our own, to acutely manipulate phosphoinositide levels at target locations using chemically induced dimerization (CID) that can be spatially and temporally controlled. We discuss considerations when designing expression constructs for targeting specific cellular compartment membranes and present examples from the literature on different ways of perturbing phosphoinositide levels at particular organelle membranes using CID. In addition, we provide details on image acquisition, data collection, and data interpretation. CID technology can be applied to many lipid enzymes to broaden the understanding of the role lipid signaling plays in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Chang-Ileto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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20
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Bru M, Kotkar SP, Kar N, Köhn M. Development of a solid phase synthesis strategy for soluble phosphoinositide analogues. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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21
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Moravcevic K, Oxley CL, Lemmon MA. Conditional peripheral membrane proteins: facing up to limited specificity. Structure 2011; 20:15-27. [PMID: 22193136 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulated relocalization of signaling and trafficking proteins is crucial for the control of many cellular processes and is driven by a series of domains that respond to alterations at membrane surfaces. The first examples of these domains--conditional peripheral membrane proteins--included C1, C2, PH, PX, and FYVE domains, which specifically recognize single tightly regulated membrane components such as diacylglycerol or phosphoinositides. The structural basis for this recognition is now well understood. Efforts to identify additional domains with similar functions that bind other targets (or participate in unexplained cellular processes) have not yielded many more examples of specific phospholipid-binding domains. Instead, most of the recently discovered conditional peripheral membrane proteins bind multiple targets (each with limited specificity), relying on coincidence detection and/or recognizing broader physical properties of the membrane such as charge or curvature. This broader range of recognition modes presents significant methodological challenges for a full structural understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Moravcevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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22
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Martelli AM, Ognibene A, Buontempo F, Fini M, Bressanin D, Goto K, McCubrey JA, Cocco L, Evangelisti C. Nuclear phosphoinositides and their roles in cell biology and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 46:436-57. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2011.609530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Aguissa-Touré AH, Wong RPC, Li G. The ING family tumor suppressors: from structure to function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:45-54. [PMID: 20803232 PMCID: PMC11114739 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Inhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins belong to a well-conserved family which presents in diverse organisms with several structural and functional domains for each protein. The ING family members are found in association with many cellular processes. Thus, the ING family proteins are involved in regulation of gene transcription, DNA repair, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, cellular senescence and cell cycle arrest. The ING proteins have multiple domains that are potentially capable of binding to many partners. It is conceivable, therefore, that such proteins could function similarly within protein complexes. In this case, within this family, each function could be attributed to a specific domain. However, the role of ING domains is not definitively clear. In this review, we summarize recent advances in structure-function relationships in ING proteins. For each domain, we describe the known biological functions and the approaches utilized to identify the functions associated with ING proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almass-Houd Aguissa-Touré
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
| | - Ronald P. C. Wong
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
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24
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Chi P, Allis CD, Wang GG. Covalent histone modifications--miswritten, misinterpreted and mis-erased in human cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10:457-69. [PMID: 20574448 PMCID: PMC3262678 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 810] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones provides an important regulatory platform for processes such as gene transcription and DNA damage repair. It has become increasingly apparent that the misregulation of histone modification, which is caused by the deregulation of factors that mediate the modification installation, removal and/or interpretation, actively contributes to human cancer. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interpretation of certain histone methylations by plant homeodomain finger-containing proteins, and how misreading, miswriting and mis-erasing of histone methylation marks can be associated with oncogenesis and progression. These observations provide us with a greater mechanistic understanding of epigenetic alterations in human cancers and might also help direct new therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - C. David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence to C.D.A. () or G.G.W. (), Contact: 1230 York Avenue, The Rockefeller University, Box 78, New York, NY 10065, USA. Tel: (212) 327-7872; FAX: (212) 327-7849
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence to C.D.A. () or G.G.W. (), Contact: 1230 York Avenue, The Rockefeller University, Box 78, New York, NY 10065, USA. Tel: (212) 327-7872; FAX: (212) 327-7849
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Zhang H, He J, Kutateladze TG, Sakai T, Sasaki T, Markadieu N, Erneux C, Prestwich GD. 5-Stabilized phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate analogues bind Grp1 PH, inhibit phosphoinositide phosphatases, and block neutrophil migration. Chembiochem 2010; 11:388-95. [PMID: 20052709 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolically stabilized analogues of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 have shown long-lived agonist activity for cellular events and selective inhibition of lipid phosphatase activity. We describe an efficient asymmetric synthesis of two 5-phosphatase-resistant analogues of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, the 5-methylene phosphonate (MP) and 5-phosphorothioate (PT). Furthermore, we illustrate the biochemical and biological activities of five stabilized PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 analogues in four contexts. First, the relative binding affinities of the 3-MP, 3-PT, 5-MP, 5-PT, and 3,4,5-PT3 analogues to the Grp1 PH domain are shown, as determined by NMR spectroscopy. Second, the enzymology of the five analogues is explored, showing the relative efficiency of inhibition of SHIP1, SHIP2, and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), as well as the greatly reduced ability of these phosphatases to process these analogues as substrates as compared to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Third, exogenously delivered analogues severely impair complement factor C5a-mediated polarization and migration of murine neutrophils. Finally, the new analogues show long-lived agonist activity in mimicking insulin action in sodium transport in A6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, USA
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26
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Best MD, Zhang H, Prestwich GD. Inositol polyphosphates, diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate lipids: Structure, synthesis, and development of probes for studying biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1403-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b923844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Zhang H, Thompson J, Prestwich GD. A scalable synthesis of the IP7 isomer, 5-PP-Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5. Org Lett 2009; 11:1551-4. [PMID: 19253999 DOI: 10.1021/ol900149x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylated inositol diphosphates, including the diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate regioisomers, play critical roles in signal transduction and cellular regulation. In particular, the IP(7) isomer 5-PP-Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P(5) is implicated in a nonenzymatic phosphate transfer converting a protein serine phosphate residue to a serine diphosphate. A scalable, practical new synthesis of 5-PP-Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P(5) is described that also allows access to a variety of IP(7) and IP(8) regioisomers. The identity of the synthetic 5-PP-Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P(5) was validated using IP6K1 to catalyze the conversion of IP(7) + ADP to ATP + IP(6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257, USA
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28
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Catimel B, Schieber C, Condron M, Patsiouras H, Connolly L, Catimel J, Nice EC, Burgess AW, Holmes AB. The PI(3,5)P2 and PI(4,5)P2 Interactomes. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:5295-313. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Catimel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christine Schieber
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Melanie Condron
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Heather Patsiouras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa Connolly
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jenny Catimel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Antony W. Burgess
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Holmes
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Kayser-Bricker KJ, Jordan PA, Miller SJ. Catalyst-Dependent Syntheses of Phosphatidylinositol-5 Phosphate-DiC8 and its Enantiomer. Tetrahedron 2008; 64:7015-7020. [PMID: 19606206 PMCID: PMC2673006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based catalysts have been applied to the enantioselective syntheses of the title compounds, with this being the first report of the synthesis of an ent-PI5P analogue. The key steps in the synthesis involve asymmetric phosphorylation catalysis. Additional maneuvers were developed with a protecting groups scheme that enabled efficient, streamlined syntheses of these important mediators of biochemical events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520
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Prestwich GD, Gajewiak J, Zhang H, Xu X, Yang G, Serban M. Phosphatase-resistant analogues of lysophosphatidic acid: agonists promote healing, antagonists and autotaxin inhibitors treat cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:588-94. [PMID: 18454946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Isoform-selective agonists and antagonists of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have important potential applications in cell biology and therapy. LPA GPCRs regulate cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and also biochemical resistance to chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced apoptosis. LPA and its analogues also are feedback inhibitors of the enzyme lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD, a.k.a., autotaxin, ATX), a central regulator of invasion and metastasis. For cancer therapy, the optimal therapeutic profile would be a metabolically-stabilized, pan-LPA receptor antagonist that also inhibited lysoPLD. For protection of gastrointestinal mucosa and lymphocytes, LPA agonists would be desirable to minimize or reverse radiation or chemical-induced injury. Analogues of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) that are chemically modified to be less susceptible to phospholipases and phosphatases show activity as long-lived receptor-specific agonists and antagonists for LPA receptors, as well as inhibitors for the lysoPLD activity of ATX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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31
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Zhang H, Xu Y, Markadieu N, Beauwens R, Erneux C, Prestwich GD. Synthesis and biological activity of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphorothioate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:762-6. [PMID: 18060773 PMCID: PMC2255567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolically-stabilized analogs of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) have shown long-lived agonist activity for cellular events mediated by this phosphoinositide. We describe an efficient method for the total asymmetric synthesis of the trisphosphorothioate (PT) analog of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3). Intracellular delivery of dipalmitoyl PtdIns(3,4,5)PT(3)-mimicked insulin in activating sodium transport in A6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, USA
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32
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Soliman MA, Riabowol K. After a decade of study-ING, a PHD for a versatile family of proteins. Trends Biochem Sci 2007; 32:509-19. [PMID: 17949986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The INhibitor of Growth (ING) family of type II tumour suppressors are encoded by five genes in mammals (ING1-ING5), most of which encode multiple isoforms via splicing, and all of which contain a highly conserved plant homeodomain (PHD) finger motif. Since their discovery approximately ten years ago, significant progress has been made in understanding their subcellular targeting, their relationship to p53, their activation by bioactive phospholipids, and their key role in reading the histone code via PHD fingers, with subsequent effects on histone acetylation and transcriptional regulation. In the past year, we have begun to understand how ING proteins integrate stress signals with interpretation and modification of the histone epigenetic code to function as tumour suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Soliman
- Department of Biochemistry University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase regulates stress-induced apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:16834-9. [PMID: 17940011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708189104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently discovered phosphatidylinositol monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns-5-P), plays an important role in nuclear signaling by influencing p53-dependent apoptosis. It interacts with a plant homeodomain finger of inhibitor of growth protein-2, causing an increase in the acetylation and stability of p53. Here we show that type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (type I 4-phosphatase), an enzyme that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P(2)), forming PtdIns-5-P in vitro, can increase the cellular levels of PtdIns-5-P. When HeLa cells were treated with the DNA-damaging agents etoposide or doxorubicin, type I 4-phosphatase translocated to the nucleus and nuclear levels of PtdIns-5-P increased. This action resulted in increased p53 acetylation, which stabilized p53, leading to increased apoptosis. Overexpression of type I 4-phosphatase increased apoptosis, whereas RNAi of the enzyme diminished it. The half-life of p53 was shortened from 7 h to 1.8 h upon RNAi of type I 4-phosphatase. This enzyme therefore controls nuclear levels of PtdIns-5-P and thereby p53-dependent apoptosis.
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