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Ye L, Liu M, Wang X, Yu Z, Huang Z, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Sequence effect on the self-assembly of discrete amphiphilic co-oligomers with fluorene-azobenzene semirigid backbones. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24181-24190. [PMID: 37575403 PMCID: PMC10416705 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04205g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequences can have a dramatic impact on the unique properties and self-assembly in natural macromolecules, which has received increasing interest. Herein, we report a series of discrete amphiphilic co-oligomers with the same composition but different building blocks in a semirigid backbone. These sequence-defined oligomers possess two primary amine groups on the side chain of the azobenzene building block, and hence, they become amphipathic due to quaternization of the amine groups when protonated in acidic aqueous solution. These oligomer isomers assembled into different nanoparticles, including nanofibers, hollow vesicles and spherical micellar complexes, in a THF/water/HCl mixture under the same conditions. UV-vis absorption spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering (XRD) experiments combined with theoretical calculations reveal that the sequence-controlled co-oligomers induce different molecular packing conformations and arrangement modes of building blocks in self-assembly. Furthermore, these self-assembled nanoparticles demonstrate photoresponsive morphological transformation and fluorescence emission under UV light irradiation due to trans-to-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene. This work demonstrates that customizing functional nanoparticles can be achieved by controlling the sequence structure in synthetic co-oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Ye
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Min Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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2
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Ferguson AL, Tovar JD. Evolution of π-Peptide Self-Assembly: From Understanding to Prediction and Control. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15463-15475. [PMID: 36475709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular materials derived from the self-assembly of engineered molecules continue to garner tremendous scientific and technological interest. Recent innovations include the realization of nano- and mesoscale particles (0D), rods and fibrils (1D), sheets (2D), and even extended lattices (3D). Our research groups have focused attention over the past 15 years on one particular class of supramolecular materials derived from oligopeptides with embedded π-electron units, where the oligopeptides can be viewed as substituents or side chains to direct the assembly of the central π-electron cores. Upon assembly, the π-systems are driven into close cofacial architectures that facilitate a variety of energy migration processes within the nanomaterial volume, including exciton transport, voltage transmission, and photoinduced electron transfer. Like many practitioners of supramolecular materials science, many of our initial molecular designs were designed with substantial inspiration from biologically occurring self-assembly coupled with input from chemical intuition and molecular modeling and simulation. In this feature article, we summarize our current understanding of the π-peptide self-assembly process as documented through our body of publications in this area. We address fundamental spectroscopic and computational tools used to extract information regarding the internal structures and energetics of the π-peptide assemblies, and we address the current state of the art in terms of recent applications of data science tools in conjunction with high-throughput computational screening and experimental assays to guide the efficient traversal of the π-peptide molecular design space. The abstract image details our integrated program of chemical synthesis, spectroscopic and functional characterization, multiscale simulation, and machine learning which has advanced the understanding and control of the assembly of synthetic π-conjugated peptides into supramolecular nanostructures with energy and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
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3
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Buccini M, Tham L, Dhoro F, Skelton BW, Williams CM, Piggott MJ. Toward the Total Synthesis of Alpkinidine: Synthesis of Haloquinone CE Ring System Synthons and Attempted Nucleophilic Bisannulation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19080-19092. [PMID: 35721899 PMCID: PMC9202046 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Model chemistry involving the bisannulation of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with the ester enolate derived from ethyl o-nitrophenylacetic acid, which rapid assembled the ABCD ring system of a pentacyclic pyrroloacridine, has been applied to the attempted synthesis of the marine natural product alpkinidine. The reaction of ethyl o-nitrophenylacetic acid with 6,7-dichloro-2-methylisoquinoline-1,5,8(2H)-trione, required to extend the model strategy to alpkinidine, was unfruitful, giving only complex mixtures. Efforts to direct the regiochemistry of the key Michael substitution step using 6-bromo-2-methylisoquinoline-1,5,8(2H)-trione afforded an adduct sharing the complete carbon skeleton of alpkinidine, but this could not be elaborated to the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Buccini
- Chemistry,
School of Molecular Sciences, University
of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Louisa Tham
- Chemistry,
School of Molecular Sciences, University
of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Francis Dhoro
- Chemistry,
School of Molecular Sciences, University
of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- Chemistry,
School of Molecular Sciences, University
of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Piggott
- Chemistry,
School of Molecular Sciences, University
of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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4
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Dibble JP, Troyano-Valls C, Tovar JD. A Tale of Three Hydrophobicities: Impact of Constitutional Isomerism on Nanostructure Evolution and Electronic Communication in π-Conjugated Peptides. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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5
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Huang Z, Zhao J, Wang Z, Meng F, Ding K, Pan X, Zhou N, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Combining Orthogonal Chain-End Deprotections and Thiol-Maleimide Michael Coupling: Engineering Discrete Oligomers by an Iterative Growth Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13612-13617. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Junfei Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zimu Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Fanying Meng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kunshan Ding
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; Tampa Florida 33620 USA
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
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6
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Combining Orthogonal Chain-End Deprotections and Thiol-Maleimide Michael Coupling: Engineering Discrete Oligomers by an Iterative Growth Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Tashiro S, Chiba M, Shionoya M. Arrangement of Proteinogenic α-Amino Acids on a Cyclic Peptide Comprising Alternate Biphenyl-Cored ζ-Amino Acids. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1087-1094. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masayuki Chiba
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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8
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Huang ZH, Zhou YY, Wang ZM, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhou NC, Zhang ZB, Zhu XL. Recent advances of CuAAC click reaction in building cyclic polymer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Zhang Z, Sadakane M, Hiyoshi N, Yoshida A, Hara M, Ueda W. Acidic Ultrafine Tungsten Oxide Molecular Wires for Cellulosic Biomass Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan
- Materials and Structures Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku Yokohama-city Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Masahiro Sadakane
- Department of Applied Chemistry Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Norihito Hiyoshi
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 4-2-1 Nigatake Miyagino Sendai 983-8551 Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan
| | - Michikazu Hara
- Materials and Structures Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku Yokohama-city Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Wataru Ueda
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan
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10
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Zhang Z, Sadakane M, Hiyoshi N, Yoshida A, Hara M, Ueda W. Acidic Ultrafine Tungsten Oxide Molecular Wires for Cellulosic Biomass Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10234-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan
- Materials and Structures Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku Yokohama-city Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Masahiro Sadakane
- Department of Applied Chemistry Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Norihito Hiyoshi
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 4-2-1 Nigatake Miyagino Sendai 983-8551 Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan
| | - Michikazu Hara
- Materials and Structures Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku Yokohama-city Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Wataru Ueda
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan
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11
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Qi M, Hülsmann M, Godt A. Spacers for Geometrically Well-Defined Water-Soluble Molecular Rulers and Their Application. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2549-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular Materials (MC2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Miriam Hülsmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular Materials (MC2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adelheid Godt
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular Materials (MC2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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12
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Ardoña HAM, Tovar JD. Peptide π-Electron Conjugates: Organic Electronics for Biology? Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2290-302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Herdeline Ann M. Ardoña
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials
Science and
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials
Science and
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
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13
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Ultrathin inorganic molecular nanowire based on polyoxometalates. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7731. [PMID: 26139011 PMCID: PMC4506542 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of metal oxide-based molecular wires is important for fundamental research and potential practical applications. However, examples of these materials are rare. Here we report an all-inorganic transition metal oxide molecular wire prepared by disassembly of larger crystals. The wires are comprised of molybdenum(VI) with either tellurium(IV) or selenium(IV): {(NH4)2[XMo6O21]}n (X=tellurium(IV) or selenium(IV)). The ultrathin molecular nanowires with widths of 1.2 nm grow to micrometre-scale crystals and are characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, Rietveld analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermal analysis and elemental analysis. The crystals can be disassembled into individual molecular wires through cation exchange and subsequent ultrasound treatment, as visualized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ultrathin molecular wire-based material exhibits high activity as an acid catalyst, and the band gap of the molecular wire-based crystal is tunable by heat treatment.
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14
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Sudo A, Sano T, Harada M, Ishida D. Synthesis of Oligo(spiroketal)s from Naturally Occurring myo-Inositol. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:808-812. [PMID: 35590705 DOI: 10.1021/mz500353y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrating polycondensation of tetraol-type monomers derived from naturally occurring myo-inositol with 1,4-cyclohexanedione formed a series of oligo(spiroketal)s. One of the spiroketals had reactive allyl pendants, which were useful for side-chain modifications via thiol-ene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sudo
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Taichi Sano
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Dai Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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15
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Sanders AM, Tovar JD. Solid-phase Pd-catalysed cross-coupling methods for the construction of π-conjugated peptide nanomaterials. Supramol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.852675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allix M. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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16
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Abstract
Peptide self-assembly is a powerful method to create functional nanoscale materials such as optoelectronically relevant organic nanostructures. The enormous potential that may come from bringing π-conjugated electronic function into biological environments is poised to impact cell and tissue engineering, biosensors, and related biomedical applications. However, very little synthetic guidance is available with respect to uniting these two different materials sets in a generally applicable manner. In this Account, I describe my group's work to synthesize and assemble peptidic nanostructures built around organic electronic elements. The Account begins with a very brief background to the area of supramolecular electronics, followed by a description of areas where these nanomaterials could be useful in biology. I then discuss the synthetic approaches that we utilized to embed a variety of π-electron units directly within peptide backbones. A key supramolecular challenge with respect to subsequent self-assembly of these new molecules is balancing electrostatic contributions within the resulting nanomaterials, because the suitable geometries for stabilizing peptide assemblies may not necessarily correspond to those suitable for maximizing intermolecular π-electron interactions. Regardless of the respective magnitudes of these two major influences, the assembly paradigm is fairly robust. Variation of the π-electron units and the peptide sequences that make up the "peptide-π-peptide" triblock molecules consistently leads to fairly uniform tape-like nanostructures that maintain strong electronic coupling among the component π-electron units. We explored a diverse range of π-electron units spanning fluorescent oligo(phenylene vinylene)s, electron-accepting rylene diimides, and hole-transporting oligothiophenes. I then describe the characterization of the nanomaterials that form after molecular self-assembly in order to understand their internal structures, electronic interactions, and morphologies as existing within self-supporting hydrogel matrices. I also describe how a facile shearing process provided globally aligned macroscopic collections of one-dimensional electronic fibrils in hydrogel matrices. These general assembly processes influence intermolecular π-stacking among the embedded chromophores, and the assemblies themselves can facilitate the covalent cross-linking and polymerization (for example, of reactive diyne units). The latter offers an exciting possibility to create peptidic nanostructures comprised of single polymer chains. Finally, I discuss electronic properties as manifested in the interactions of transition dipoles within the nanomaterials and electrical properties resulting from field-effect gating. The ability to tune the observable electrical properties of the nanostructures externally will allow for their transition to in vitro or in vivo platforms as a powerful new approach to regulating biological interactions at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street (NCB 316), Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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17
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Seyler H, Kilbinger A. Tuning the solubility of hepta(p-benzamide)s via the monomer sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Zhang DW, Zhao X, Hou JL, Li ZT. Aromatic Amide Foldamers: Structures, Properties, and Functions. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5271-316. [PMID: 22871167 DOI: 10.1021/cr300116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai
200032, China
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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19
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Swanekamp RJ, DiMaio JTM, Bowerman CJ, Nilsson BL. Coassembly of enantiomeric amphipathic peptides into amyloid-inspired rippled β-sheet fibrils. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5556-9. [PMID: 22420540 DOI: 10.1021/ja301642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amphipathic peptides composed of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids self-assemble into amyloid-inspired, β-sheet nanoribbon fibrils. Herein, we report a new fibril type that is formed from equimolar mixtures of enantiomeric amphipathic peptides (L- and D-(FKFE)(2)). Spectroscopic analysis indicates that these peptides do not self-sort and assemble into enantiomeric fibrils composed of all-l and all-d peptides, but rather coassemble into fibrils that contain alternating L- and D-peptides in a "rippled β-sheet" orientation. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicates an enthalpic advantage for rippled β-sheet coassembly compared to self-sorted β-sheet assembly of enantiomeric peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria J Swanekamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
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20
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Avinash MB, Govindaraju T. A bio-inspired design strategy: Organization of tryptophan-appended naphthalenediimide into well-defined architectures induced by molecular interactions. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2536-43. [PMID: 21270990 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00766h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of molecular assemblies involves weak yet complex non-covalent interactions, and the molecular organization of the π-conjugated material is crucial in determining the performance of an organic electronic device. Herein we demonstrate a bioinspired design strategy to tune the self-assembly of naphthalenediimides (NDIs) by minute structural variations, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions and metal interactions. We address some of the limitations associated with current design strategies, such as restriction to a specific molecular interaction or the difficulty in controlling the assembly due to several complicated intermolecular interactions. Hydrophobic-effect-induced J-type aggregation and sodium-interaction-induced H-type aggregation of tryptophan-appended NDIs have been illustrated. (1)H NMR spectra further reveal sodium cation-π interactions in tryptophan-appended NDIs, while NMR and IR spectroscopic studies confirm the structural variations associated with the molecular assembly. In summary, the molecular organization has been successfully transformed from nanospheres to particles, nanobelts, fibers and fractals. Such drastic changes in the morphology are clear and striking evidence of the importance of non-trivial weak non-covalent forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Avinash
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
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Ramesh VVE, Roy A, Vijayadas KN, Kendhale AM, Prabhakaran P, Gonnade R, Puranik VG, Sanjayan GJ. Conformationally rigid aromatic amino acids as potential building blocks for abiotic foldamers. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:367-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00593b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Storz C, Schulze M, Kilbinger AFM. Solubility and Aggregation Behavior of Dendronized Poly(p
-Benzamide)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 32:238-44. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thoß M, Seidel RW, Feigel M. The artificial binaphthyl amino acid 6-amino-6′-carboxyethyl-2-methoxy-2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (Bna): synthesis and assembly of Bna peptides. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gothard CM, Nowick JS. Nanometer-scale water-soluble macrocycles from nanometer-sized amino acids. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1822-30. [PMID: 20020731 DOI: 10.1021/jo902268x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces the unnatural amino acids m-Abc(2K) and o-Abc(2K) as nanometer-sized building blocks for the creation of water-soluble macrocycles with well-defined shapes. m-Abc(2K) and o-Abc(2K) are homologues of the nanometer-sized amino acid Abc(2K), which we recently introduced for the synthesis of water-soluble molecular rods of precise length (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 7272). Abc(2K) is linear (180 degrees), m-Abc(2K) creates a 120 degree angle, and o-Abc(2K) creates a 60 degree angle. m-Abc(2K) and o-Abc(2K) are derivatives of 3'-amino-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-carboxylic acid and 2'-amino-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-carboxylic acid, with two propyloxyammonium side chains for water solubility. m-Abc(2K) and o-Abc(2K) are prepared as Fmoc-protected derivatives Fmoc-m-Abc(2K(Boc))-OH (1a) and Fmoc-o-Abc(2K(Boc))-OH (1b). These derivatives can be used alone or in conjunction with Fmoc-Abc(2K(Boc))-OH (1c) as ordinary amino acids in Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. Building blocks 1a-c were used to synthesize macrocyclic "triangles" 9a-c, "parallelograms" 10a,b, and hexagonal "rings" 11a-d. The macrocycles range from a trimer to a dodecamer, with ring sizes from 24 to 114 atoms, and are 1-4 nm in size. Molecular modeling studies suggest that all the macrocycles except 10b should have well-defined triangle, parallelogram, and ring shapes if all of the amide linkages are trans and the o-alkoxy substituents are intramolecularly hydrogen bonded to the amide NH groups. The macrocycles have good water solubility and are readily characterized by standard analytical techniques, such as RP-HPLC, ESI-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. (1)H and (13)C NMR studies suggest that the macrocycles adopt conformations with all trans-amide linkages in CD(3)OD, that the "triangles" and "parallelograms" maintain these conformations in D(2)O, and that the "rings" collapse to form conformations with cis-amide linkages in D(2)O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Gothard
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Seyler
- Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Institut für Organische Chemie, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas F. M. Kilbinger
- Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Institut für Organische Chemie, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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Vadehra GS, Wall BD, Diegelmann SR, Tovar JD. On-resin dimerization incorporates a diverse array of π-conjugated functionality within aqueous self-assembling peptide backbones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3947-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saraogi I, Hamilton AD. Recent advances in the development of aryl-based foldamers. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:1726-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b819597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Diegelmann SR, Gorham JM, Tovar JD. One-Dimensional Optoelectronic Nanostructures Derived from the Aqueous Self-Assembly of π-Conjugated Oligopeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13840-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja805491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin M. Gorham
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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Takizawa K, Nulwala H, Hu J, Yoshinaga K, Hawker CJ. Molecularly defined (L)-lactic acid oligomers and polymers: Synthesis and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Takizawa K, Tang C, Hawker CJ. Molecularly Defined Caprolactone Oligomers and Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:1718-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077149w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Takizawa
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-8502, Japan
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-8502, Japan
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-8502, Japan
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Plante J, Campbell F, Malkova B, Kilner C, Warriner SL, Wilson AJ. Synthesis of functionalised aromatic oligamide rods. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:138-46. [PMID: 18075658 PMCID: PMC2679363 DOI: 10.1039/b712606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A current goal in synthetic chemistry is the design and synthesis of molecules that adopt well defined conformations-so called foldamers. In this manuscript we describe a modular approach for construction of rod shaped para-oligobenzamide molecules. Our approach permits regiospecific incorporation of side chains through a phenolic ether linkage on the scaffold; a feature that partly restricts the conformation of the rod through intramolecular hydrogen-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Plante
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom.
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