1
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Lebon J, Mortis A, Maichle-Mössmer C, Manßen M, Sirsch P, Anwander R. Schlenk's Legacy-Methyllithium Put under Close Scrutiny. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214599. [PMID: 36409199 PMCID: PMC10108226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available stock solutions of organolithium reagents are well-implemented tools in organic and organometallic chemistry. However, such solutions are inherently contaminated with lithium halide salts, which can complicate certain synthesis protocols and purification processes. Here, we report the isolation of chloride-free methyllithium employing K[N(SiMe3 )2 ] as a halide-trapping reagent. The influence of distinct LiCl contaminations on the 7 Li-NMR chemical shift is examined and their quantification demonstrated. The structural parameters of new chloride-free monomeric methyllithium complex [(Me3 TACN)LiCH3 ], ligated by an azacrown ether, are assessed by comparison with a halide-contaminated variant and monomeric lithium chloride [(Me3 TACN)LiCl], further emphasizing the effect of halide impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lebon
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Manßen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Davison N, Waddell PG, Dixon C, Wills C, Penfold TJ, Lu E. A monomeric (trimethylsilyl)methyl lithium complex: synthesis, structure, decomposition and preliminary reactivity studies. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:10707-10713. [PMID: 34854445 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric organolithium (LiR) complexes could provide enhanced Li-C bond reactivity and suggest mechanisms for a plethora of LiR-mediated reactions. They are highly sought-after but remain a synthetic challenge for organometallic chemists. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a monomeric (trimethylsilyl)methyl lithium complex, namely [Li(CH2SiMe3)(κ3-N,N',N''-Me6Tren)] (1), where Me6Tren is a tetradentate neutral amine ligand. The structure of 1 was comprehensively examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, variable temperature NMR spectroscopy and electron absorption spectroscopy. Complex 1 decomposes via ligand C-H and C-N activations to produce a Li amide complex 2. Preliminary reactivity studies of 1 reveal CO insertion and C-H activation reaction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Paul G Waddell
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Casey Dixon
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Corinne Wills
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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3
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Davison N, Falbo E, Waddell PG, Penfold TJ, Lu E. A monomeric methyllithium complex: synthesis and structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6205-6208. [PMID: 34059860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methyllithium (MeLi) is the parent archetypal organolithium complex. MeLi exists as aggregates in solutions and solid states. Monomeric MeLi is postulated as a highly reactive intermediate and plays a vital role in understanding MeLi-mediated reactions but has not been isolated. Herein, we report the synthesis and structure of the first monomeric MeLi complex enabled by a new hexadentate neutral amine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Emanuele Falbo
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Paul G Waddell
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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4
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Velasquez JD, Echeverría J, Alvarez S. Delocalized Bonding in Li 2X 2 Rings: Probing the Limits of the Covalent and Ionic Bonding Models. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:345-356. [PMID: 33338374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the highly ionic character of most lithium-element bonds, the bonding within Li2X2 rings presents similarities with that found in analogous transition metal systems. They obey simple framework electron counting rules that allow us to predict whether they will form a regular ring or a squeezed one with short Li-Li or X-X distances. A combined computational and structural database analysis discloses the orbital conditions that determine the framework electron counting rules. These systems probe the borderline between the covalent and ionic bonding models since, paradoxically, a non-negligible covalent contribution of the two Li atoms (formally Li+ ions in the ionic model) to the Li-X framework bonding favors them approaching each other within bonding distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Velasquez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Echeverría
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Knauer L, Strohmann C. The structure-defining incorporation of chloride in methyllithium dimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13543-13546. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05547f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two polymeric solid-state structures of pmdta-stabilized methyllithium with co-existing tetrameric and dimeric units were obtained, linked by the structure-giving “contaminant” LiCl, incorporated only in dimeric entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Knauer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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6
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Knauer L, Wattenberg J, Kroesen U, Strohmann C. The smaller, the better? How the aggregate size affects the reactivity of (trimethylsilyl)methyllithium. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11285-11291. [PMID: 31268108 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected influence of the nature of stabilizing additives to alkyllithium compounds on an aggregate's reactivity was examined experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Knauer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Jonathan Wattenberg
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Ulrike Kroesen
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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7
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Abstract
The element lithium has been discovered 200 years ago. Due to its unique properties it has emerged to play a vital role in industry, esp. for energy storage, and lithium‐based products and processes support sustainable technological developments. In addition to the many uses of lithium in its inorganic forms, lithium has a rich organometallic chemistry. The development of organometallic chemistry has been hindered by synthetic problems from the start. When Wilhelm Schlenk developed the basic principles to handle and synthesize air‐ and moisture‐sensitive compounds, the road was open to further developments. After more information was available about the stability and solubility of such compounds, they started to play an essential role in other fields of chemistry as alkyl or aryl transfer reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wietelmann
- Albemarle Germany GmbH Synthesis Solutions Industriepark Hoechst, Gebäude G87965926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jan Klett
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10-1455128 Mainz Germany
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8
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Barozzino-Consiglio G, Hamdoun G, Fressigné C, Harrison-Marchand A, Maddaluno J, Oulyadi H. A Combined 1
H/6
Li NMR DOSY Strategy Finally Uncovers the Structure of Isopropyllithium in THF. Chemistry 2017; 23:12475-12479. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Catherine Fressigné
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
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9
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Ojeda-Amador AI, Martínez-Martínez AJ, Robertson GM, Robertson SD, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT. Exploring the solid state and solution structural chemistry of the utility amide potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6392-6403. [PMID: 28466908 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the important potassium amide KHMDS has been explored both in the solid state and in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Ojeda-Amador
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | - Gemma M. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Charles T. O'Hara
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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10
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Ojeda-Amador AI, Martínez-Martínez AJ, Kennedy AR, Armstrong DR, O'Hara CT. Monodentate coordination of the normally chelating chiral diamine (R,R)-TMCDA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 53:324-327. [PMID: 27958607 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
After isolating an unusual binuclear, but monosolvated NaHMDS complex [{(R,R)-TMCDA}·(NaHMDS)2]∞ which polymerises via intermolecular electrostatic NaMeHMDS interactions, further (R,R)-TMCDA was added to produce the discrete binuclear amide [{κ2-(R,R)-TMCDA}·(NaHMDS)2{κ1-(R,R)-TMCDA}], whose salient feature is the unique monodentate coordination of one of the chiral diamine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Ojeda-Amador
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Antonio J Martínez-Martínez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Charles T O'Hara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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11
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Ohsato T, Okuno Y, Ishida S, Iwamoto T, Lee K, Lin Z, Yamashita M, Nozaki K. A Potassium Diboryllithate: Synthesis, Bonding Properties, and the Deprotonation of Benzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Ohsato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuri Okuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Ka‐Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
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12
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Ohsato T, Okuno Y, Ishida S, Iwamoto T, Lee K, Lin Z, Yamashita M, Nozaki K. A Potassium Diboryllithate: Synthesis, Bonding Properties, and the Deprotonation of Benzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11426-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Ohsato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuri Okuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Ka‐Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
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13
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Juste-Navarro V, Delso I, Tejero T, Merino P. Azomethine Ylides from Nitrones: Using Catalytic n
BuLi for the Totally Stereoselective Synthesis of trans
-2-Alkyl-3-oxazolines. Chemistry 2016; 22:11527-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Juste-Navarro
- Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Aragón Spain
| | - Ignacio Delso
- Servicio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear; Centro de Química y Materiales de Aragón (CEQMA); Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC; Campus San Francisco 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Tomás Tejero
- Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Aragón Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Aragón Spain
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14
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Jin KJ, Collum DB. Solid-State and Solution Structures of Glycinimine-Derived Lithium Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14446-55. [PMID: 26554898 PMCID: PMC4762874 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A combination of crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational studies was applied to study the structures of lithium enolates derived from glycinimines of benzophenone and (+)-camphor. The solvents examined included toluene and toluene containing various concentrations of tetrahydrofuran, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), (R,R)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine [(R,R)-TMCDA], and (S,S)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine [(S,S)-TMCDA]. Crystal structures show chelated monomers, symmetric disolvated dimers, S4-symmetric tetramers, and both S6- and D3d-symmetric hexamers. (6)Li NMR spectroscopic studies in conjunction with the method of continuous variations show how these species distribute in solution. Density functional theory computations offer insights into experimentally elusive details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Joo Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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15
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Egami H, Usui Y, Kawamura S, Shimizu R, Nagashima S, Sodeoka M. Mechanistic study on a unique SN2′-type reaction of allylic alcohols with organolithium reagent accelerated by a proximal trifluoromethyl group. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Salomone A, Perna FM, Falcicchio A, Nilsson Lill SO, Moliterni A, Michel R, Florio S, Stalke D, Capriati V. Direct observation of a lithiated oxirane: a synergistic study using spectroscopic, crystallographic, and theoretical methods on the structure and stereodynamics of lithiated ortho-trifluoromethyl styrene oxide. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Hülsmann M, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Reactivity Consequences of Substituent‐Dependent Preaggregation Motifs of
n
‐ and
tert
‐Butyllithium towards 1,3,5‐Triazacyclohexanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hülsmann
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/arbeitsbereiche/ac3‐mitzel/
| | - Andreas Mix
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/arbeitsbereiche/ac3‐mitzel/
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/arbeitsbereiche/ac3‐mitzel/
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/arbeitsbereiche/ac3‐mitzel/
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, http://www.uni‐bielefeld.de/chemie/arbeitsbereiche/ac3‐mitzel/
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18
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Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Isotopically Enriched 13C Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy: Analysis of Methyllithium. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11733-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401740g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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19
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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20
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Reich HJ. Role of Organolithium Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates in Organolithium Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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21
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Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Characterization of cyclopentyllithium and cyclopentyllithium tetrahydrofuran complex. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12400-6. [PMID: 23875807 DOI: 10.1021/ja4059102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state structures of unsolvated, hexameric cyclopentyllithium and tetrameric cyclopentyllithium tetrahydrofuran solvate were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cyclopentyllithium easily crystallized in hydrocarbon solvents. Solution-state structural analyses of cyclopentyllithium and cyclopentyllithium-tetrahydrofuran complexes in toluene-d8 were also carried out by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy with diffusion coefficient-formula weight correlation analyses and other one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. The solution-state studies suggest that unsolvated cyclopentyllithium exists as hexamer and tetramer equilibrating with each other. Upon solvation with tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyllithium exists mostly as a tetrahydrofuran tetrasolvated tetramer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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22
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23
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Steffen P, Unkelbach C, Christmann M, Hiller W, Strohmann C. Catalytic and Stereoselectiveortho-Lithiation of a Ferrocene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9836-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Characterization of Hexameric and Octameric
sec
‐Butyllithium/
sec
‐Butoxide Mixed Aggregates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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25
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Götz K, Gessner VH, Unkelbach C, Kaupp M, Strohmann C. Understanding Structure Formation in Organolithium Compounds: An Experimental and Quantum-Chemical Approach. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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De Vries TS, Bruneau AM, Liou LR, Subramanian H, Collum DB. Azaaldol condensation of a lithium enolate solvated by N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine: dimer-based 1,2-addition to imines. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4103-9. [PMID: 23413774 PMCID: PMC3715612 DOI: 10.1021/ja400345c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lithium enolate of tert-amylacetate solvated by N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) is shown to be a doubly chelated dimer. Adding the dimeric enolate to 4-fluorobenzaldehyde-N-phenylimine affords an N-lithiated β-amino ester shown to be monomeric using (6)Li and (15)N NMR spectroscopies. Rate studies using (19)F NMR spectroscopy reveal reaction orders consistent with a transition structure of stoichiometry [(ROLi)2(TMEDA)2(imine)](‡). Density functional theory computations explore several possible dimer-based transition structures with monodentate and bidentate coordination of TMEDA. Supporting rate studies using trans-N,N,N',N'-1,2-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine showing analogous rates and rate law suggest that TMEDA is fully chelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S. De Vries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Angela M. Bruneau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Lara R. Liou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | | | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
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27
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Gessner VH, Strohmann C. Preparation of aminomethyl functionalised silanes via an α-lithiated amine: from their synthesis, stability and crystal structures to stereochemical issues. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3452-60. [PMID: 22307174 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12163h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of aminomethyl functionalised silanes based on the α-lithiated amine, (1R,2R)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine [(R,R)-TMCDA] is reported. This methodology can be applied for the synthesis of mono-aminomethyl substituted systems, but most remarkably also for di- and trifunctionalised compounds. The trapping of the lithiated amine is accompanied by transmetallation reactions resulting in the formation of (silylmethyl)silanes depending on the reaction temperature. The zinc(II) halide complexes of the mono-functionalised systems show the formation of exclusively one configuration of the stereogenic nitrogen atom, in which the spatially more demanding substituent exhibits the pseudo-equatorial position. The di- and trifunctionalised systems feature high sensitivity towards Si-C bond cleavage under re-formation of the (R,R)-TMCDA fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44263 Dortmund, Germany
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28
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Blasberg F, Bolte M, Wagner M, Lerner HW. An Approach to Pin Down the Solid-State Structure of the “Turbo Grignard”. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201080t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Blasberg
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am
Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am
Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am
Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am
Main, Germany
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29
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Colquhoun VP, Unkelbach C, Strohmann C. Isolation of reactive intermediates in deprotonation reactions with zinc alkyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5034-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Eckert PK, Schill V, Strohmann C. Synthesis of cis-TMCDA: Optimization and characterization of a key intermediate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Perna FM, Salomone A, Dammacco M, Florio S, Capriati V. Solvent and TMEDA Effects on the Configurational Stability of Chiral Lithiated Aryloxiranes. Chemistry 2011; 17:8216-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Gessner VH, Koller SG, Strohmann C, Hogan AM, O'Shea DF. Mechanistic insight into stereoselective carbolithiation. Chemistry 2011; 17:2996-3004. [PMID: 21294193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses the mechanistic features of asymmetric carbolithiation of β-methylstyrenes. While often the presence of functional groups is required to obtain high enantioselectivities in carbolithiation reactions, simple β-methylstyrene also gives high selectivities in (-)-sparteine-mediated addition of alkyl lithium compounds. Computational studies on the carbolithiation of β-methylstyrene with (-)-sparteine show that the observed selectivities are the result of repulsion effects in the diastereomeric transition states between the (-)-sparteine⋅alkyl lithium adduct and the β-methylstyrene, upon approximation of the two reactants. In contrast, for the ortho-amino β-methylstyrene (E)-benzyl(2-propenylphenyl)amine (4) X-ray structure analyses of intermediate lithium amides indicate a carbolithiation mechanism in which one side of the double bond is shielded by the amide moiety, leaving only one side free for approach of the chiral alkyl lithium adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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33
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García-Álvarez P, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT, Reilly K, Robertson GM. Synthesis and structural chemistry of alkali metal tris(HMDS) magnesiates containing chiral diamine donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5332-41. [PMID: 21455502 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Álvarez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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34
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Gessner VH, Fröhlich B, Strohmann C. α‐Lithiated (
R
,
R
)‐TMCDA as an Efficient Building Block for the Preparation of Chiral N,N,O Ligands by Asymmetric 1,2‐Addition. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
| | - Benjamin Fröhlich
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
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35
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Hübner A, Bernert T, Sänger I, Alig E, Bolte M, Fink L, Wagner M, Lerner HW. Solvent-free mesityllithium: solid-state structure and its reactivity towards white phosphorus. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7528-33. [PMID: 20614079 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The donor-free mesityllithium was prepared from the reaction of MesBr with n-BuLi in diethyl ether at -78 degrees C. The solid-state structure of unsupported mesityllithium consists of C(2)Li(2)-rings composed of two LiMes units, which interact with adjacent dimers [LiMes](2), forming a polymeric infinite chain along the crystallographic c-axis (monoclinic space group, P2(1)/n). The structure of donor-free mesityllithium reveals short contacts between the C atoms of the mesityl rings and the lithium atoms of neighbouring [LiMes](2) units. The structure determination of LiMes was performed by X-ray powder diffraction. In addition we have investigated the reaction of LiMes with Me(3)SnCl and P(4) for our understanding of the reactivity of donor-free mesityllithium. The heterogeneous reaction of donor-free mesityllithium with Me(3)SnCl produces conveniently the stannylated mesitylene Me(3)SnMes (triclinic, space group P1). White phosphorus reacts with three equivalents of unsupported mesityllithium in benzene to give Li(3)P(4)Mes(3). In this context it should be noted that a tetraphosphide with an identical LiP-core as in Li(3)P(4)Mes(3) had been formed in the 1:3 reaction of P(4) with the silanide Li[SitBu(3)]. The tetraphosphide Li(3)P(4)Mes(3) was analyzed using X-ray crystallography (monoclinic, space group C2/c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hübner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
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36
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Kizirian J. Mechanism and Stereochemical Features in Asymmetric Deprotonation Using RLi/(–)‐Sparteine Bases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783906390628.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Gessner VH, Strohmann C. Lithiation of Diamine Ligands to Chiral Building Blocks: Syntheses, Selectivities, and Lithiated Intermediates. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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38
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Däschlein C, Gessner V, Strohmann C. Preparation of “Si-Centered” Chiral Silanes by Direct α-Lithiation of Methylsilanes. Chemistry 2010; 16:4048-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Gessner VH, Dilsky S, Strohmann C. Unexpected direct dilithiation of a prochiral phosphine borane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4719-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Tatic T, Meindl K, Henn J, Pandey SK, Stalke D. The first asymmetric organolithium tetramers with simple ether donor bases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4562-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c002504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Unkelbach C, Strohmann C. Low-Temperature Addition of Organolithiums to Functionalized Vinylsilanes under Formation of Secondary α-Lithiated Alkylsilanes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17044-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9076167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Unkelbach
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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42
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Capriati V, Florio S, Perna F, Salomone A, Abbotto A, Amedjkouh M, Nilsson Lill S. On the Dichotomic Reactivity of Lithiated Styrene Oxide: A Computational and Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation. Chemistry 2009; 15:7958-7979. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Eckert PK, Gessner VH, Strohmann C. (1R,2R)-N,N'-Diisobutyl-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclo-hexane-1,2-diamine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o956. [PMID: 21583999 PMCID: PMC2977656 DOI: 10.1107/s160053680901109x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C16H34N2, is a chiral diamine with fixed R configuration at both stereogenic carbon centres of the cyclohexane backbone. Due to their different substituents, the two N atoms also become stereogenic. In the crystal structure, the configuration at one of the two nitrogen centres is fixed, with the free electron pair pointing inward and the isobutyl group in a trans position towards the cyclohexane backbone resulting in an R configuration. The isobutyl group at the second N atom, however, is disordered with 75% S configuration and 25% R configuration. In both cases, the isobutyl group is arranged in a trans position towards the cyclohexane backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K Eckert
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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44
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45
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Gessner VH, Däschlein C, Strohmann C. 2-[(2-Hydr-oxy-2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)(meth-yl)amino]-N,N-dimethyl-ethanaminium bromide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o383. [PMID: 21581979 PMCID: PMC2968247 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C19H27N2O+·Br−, is the hydrobromide of the trapping product of lithiated N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) with benzophenone. Thereby, the N atom of the NMe2 group is selectively protonated and the respective trapping product represents a potential tridentate ligand with one O and two N donor atoms. The H atoms at N (H2N) and O (H1O) are involved in hydrogen bonds with the Br−. The molecular structure shows all donor atoms to be arranged on one side of the molecule, thus indicating a potential threefold coordination of a Lewis acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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46
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Däschlein C, Strohmann C. Structural Studies on (–)‐Sparteine‐Coordinated Lithiosilanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund
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47
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Strohmann C, Gessner V. A Precoordination Complex of 1,2,3-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane withtert-Butyllithium as Key Intermediate in Its Methylene Group Deprotonation. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1929-34. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Gessner VH, Strohmann C. Lithiation of TMEDA and its Higher Homologous TEEDA: Understanding Observed α- and β-Deprotonation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:14412-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8058205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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49
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH. Crystal structures of n-BuLi adducts with (R,R)-TMCDA and the consequences for the deprotonation of benzene. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11719-25. [PMID: 18686951 DOI: 10.1021/ja8017187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combinations of organolithium compounds and diamine bases have become a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry. Because of the structure-reactivity relationship, the elucidation of reaction mechanisms of these reagents is strongly connected with the structural determination of intermediate species. In mixtures of the diamine TMCDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine) and n-butyllithium, two different structures, the dimeric [n-BuLi x (R,R)-TMCDA]2 and the aggregate [(n-BuLi)2 x (R,R)-TMCDA]2, can be isolated, depending on the n-BuLi/TMCDA ratio. Thereby, [(n-BuLi)2 x (R,R)-TMCDA]2 is a rare example of an organolithium compound with a ladder arrangement of the central four-membered Li-C-Li-C rings. Two isomers of the ladder structure are formed in the crystal by changing from the enantiomerically pure to racemic TMCDA. As n-BuLi/TMCDA mixtures are also able to deprotonate benzene, these structures give hint to possible mechanisms. Supported by theoretical studies, transition states based on the dimer, the ladder structure, and a hypothetical monomer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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50
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Ott H, Däschlein C, Leusser D, Schildbach D, Seibel T, Stalke D, Strohmann C. Structure/Reactivity Studies on an α-Lithiated Benzylsilane: Chemical Interpretation of Experimental Charge Density. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11901-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711104q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Ott
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Däschlein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Leusser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schildbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Seibel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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