1
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Ilic A, Strücker BR, Johnson CE, Hainz S, Lomoth R, Wärnmark K. Aminomethylations of electron-deficient compounds-bringing iron photoredox catalysis into play. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12077-12085. [PMID: 39092117 PMCID: PMC11290444 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02612h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-functionalisation of N-containing compounds is an area of broad interest in synthetic chemistry due to their presence in biologically active substances among others. Visible light-induced generation of nucleophilic α-aminoalkyl radicals as reactive intermediates that can be trapped by electron-deficient alkenes presents an attractive and mild approach to achieve said functionalisation. In this work, [Fe(iii)(phtmeimb)2]PF6 (phtmeimb = phenyl(tris(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene))borate), an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex based on Earth-abundant iron, was used as photoredox catalyst to efficiently drive the formation of α-aminoalkyl radicals from a range of different α-trimethylsilylamines and their subsequent addition to a number of electron-deficient alkenes under green light irradiation. Mechanistic investigations elucidated the different reaction steps of the complete photocatalytic cycle. In terms of yields and substrate scope, we show that [Fe(iii)(phtmeimb)2]PF6 can compete with noble metal photoredox catalysts, for instance outcompeting archetypal [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 under comparable reaction conditions, illustrating that iron photocatalysts can efficiently facilitate photoredox reactions of synthetic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ilic
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Benjamin R Strücker
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Catherine E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Simon Hainz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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2
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Liu Y, Li R, Lv Q, Yu B. Embracing heterogeneous photocatalysis: evolution of photocatalysts in annulation of dimethylanilines and maleimides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39078307 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in visible-light-promoted construction of tetrahydroquinolines from dimethylanilines and maleimides are documented. Homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic systems, as well as the reaction mechanism, are emphasized. The mechanism of this photocatalytic annulation reaction is quite clear, i.e., dimethylanilines and maleimides serve as the radical precursors and radical acceptors, respectively. This annulation reaction could serve as an excellent platform for evaluating novel oxidative heterogeneous photocatalytic systems, which could further inspire chemists in this field to develop more efficient photocatalytic systems. Significant opportunities are expected in the future for heterogeneous photocatalysis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Material, College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 451191, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Qiyan Lv
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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3
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Tyler J, Schäfer F, Shao H, Stein C, Wong A, Daniliuc CG, Houk KN, Glorius F. Bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl Radical Cations: Synthesis and Application to [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16237-16247. [PMID: 38811005 PMCID: PMC11177261 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
As the chemistry that surrounds the field of strained hydrocarbons, such as bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, continues to expand, it becomes increasingly advantageous to develop alternative reactivity modes that harness their unique properties to access new regions of chemical space. Herein, we report the use of photoredox catalysis to promote the single-electron oxidation of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. The synthetic utility of the resulting radical cations is highlighted by their ability to undergo highly regio- and diastereoselective [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition reactions. The most notable feature of this transformation is the breadth of alkene classes that can be employed, including nonactivated alkenes, which have so far been elusive for previous strategies. A rigorous mechanistic investigation, in conjunction with DFT computation, was undertaken in order to better understand the physical nature of bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl radical cations and thus provides a platform from which further studies into the synthetic applications of these intermediates can be built upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper
L. Tyler
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Colin Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Audrey Wong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | | | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Shimose A, Ishigaki S, Sato Y, Nogami J, Toriumi N, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K, Nagashima Y. Dearomative Construction of 2D/3D Frameworks from Quinolines via Nucleophilic Addition/Borate-Mediated Photocycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403461. [PMID: 38803130 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Dearomative construction of multiply-fused 2D/3D frameworks, composed of aromatic two-dimensional (2D) rings and saturated three-dimensional (3D) rings, from readily available quinolines has greatly contributed to drug discovery. However, dearomative cycloadditions of quinolines in the presence of photocatalysts usually afford 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ)-based polycycles, and dearomative access to 1,2,3,4-THQ-based structures remains limited. Herein, we present a chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective dearomative transformation of quinolines into 1,2,3,4-THQ-based 6-6-4-membered rings without any catalyst, through a combination of nucleophilic addition and borate-mediated [2+2] photocycloaddition. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that the photoexcited borate complex, generated from quinoline, organolithium, and HB(pin), accelerates the cycloaddition and suppresses the rearomatization that usually occurs in conventional photocycloaddition. Based on our mechanistic analysis, we also developed further photoinduced cycloadditions affording other types of 2D/3D frameworks from isoquinoline and phenanthrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuha Shimose
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shiho Ishigaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toriumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Kajtár M, Király SB, Bényei A, Kiss-Szikszai A, Kónya-Ábrahám A, Zhang N, Horváth LB, Bősze S, Li D, Kotschy A, Paczal A, Kurtán T. Competing Domino Knoevenagel-Cyclization Sequences with N-Arylcinnamylamines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6937-6950. [PMID: 38691817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Domino Knoevenagel-cyclization reactions of N-arylcinnamylamines were carried out with active methylene reagents, which took place with five competing cyclization mechanisms: intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction, stepwise polar [2 + 2] cycloaddition, styryl or aza-Diels-Alder reactions followed by rearomatization, and [1,5]-hydride shift-6-endo cyclization. In the stepwise aza-Diels-Alder reaction, the N-vinylpyridinium moiety acted as an azadiene, producing a condensed heterocycle with tetrahydroquinolizinium and tetrahydroquiniline subunits. Antiproliferative activity with low micromolar IC50 values was identified for some of the novel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Kajtár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4002, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4002, Hungary
| | | | - Anita Kónya-Ábrahám
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4002, Hungary
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilla Borbála Horváth
- Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN), Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN), Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Andras Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | - Attila Paczal
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4002, Hungary
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6
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Krueger R, Feng E, Barzova P, Lieberman N, Lin S, Moeller KD. Anodic Cyclizations, Densely Functionalized Synthetic Building Blocks, and the Importance of Recent Mechanistic Observations. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1927-1940. [PMID: 38231008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Anodic cyclization reactions can provide a versatile method for converting newly obtained chiral lactols to densely functionalized cyclic building blocks. The method works by first converting the lactol into an electron-rich olefin and then oxidatively generating a radical cation that is trapped by a nucleophile. Historically, such reactions have benefited from the use of less polar radical cations when the trapping nucleophile is a heteroatom and more polar radical cations when the reaction forms C-C bonds. This forced one to optimize underperforming reactions by resynthesizing the substrate. Here, we show that by taking advantage of methods that serve to drive a reversible initial cyclization reaction toward the product, this dichotomy and need to manipulate the substrate can be avoided. Two such methods were utilized: a faster second oxidation step and a mediated electrolysis. Both led to successful cyclizations using a polar radical cation and heteroatom nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Enqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Polina Barzova
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Noah Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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7
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Guo L, Chu R, Hao X, Lei Y, Li H, Ma D, Wang G, Tung CH, Wang Y. Ag 3PO 4 enables the generation of long-lived radical cations for visible light-driven [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] pericyclic reactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:979. [PMID: 38302484 PMCID: PMC10834519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic redox reactions are important for synthesizing fine chemicals from olefins, but the limited lifetime of radical cation intermediates severely restricts semiconductor photocatalysis efficiency. Here, we report that Ag3PO4 can efficiently catalyze intramolecular and intermolecular [2 + 2] and Diels-Alder cycloadditions under visible-light irradiation. The approach is additive-free, catalyst-recyclable. Mechanistic studies indicate that visible-light irradiation on Ag3PO4 generates holes with high oxidation power, which oxidize aromatic alkene adsorbates into radical cations. In photoreduced Ag3PO4, the conduction band electron (eCB-) has low reduction power due to the delocalization among the Ag+-lattices, while the particle surfaces have a strong electrostatic interaction with the radical cations, which considerably stabilize the radical cations against recombination with eCB-. The radical cation on the particle's surfaces has a lifetime of more than 2 ms, 75 times longer than homogeneous systems. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of inorganic semiconductors for challenging radical cation-mediated synthesis driven by sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Guo
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Rongchen Chu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan, 250100, Jinan, China.
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8
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Poudel DP, Pokhrel A, Tak RK, Shankar M, Giri R. Photosensitized O 2 enables intermolecular alkene cyclopropanation by active methylene compounds. Science 2023; 381:545-553. [PMID: 37535731 PMCID: PMC11216814 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are key features in many preclinical, clinical, and commercial drugs, as well as natural products. The most prolific technique for their synthesis is the metal-catalyzed reaction of an alkene with a diazoalkane, a highly energetic reagent requiring stringent safety precautions. Discovery of alternative innocuous reagents remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, we report a simple photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular cyclopropanation of unactivated alkenes with active methylene compounds. The reaction proceeds in neutral solvent under air or dioxygen (O2) with a photoredox catalyst excited by blue light-emitting diode light and an iodine co-catalyst that is either added as molecular iodine or generated in situ from alkyl iodides. Mechanistic investigations indicate that photosensitized O2 plays a vital role in the generation of carbon-centered radicals for both the addition of active methylene compounds to alkenes and the ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba P. Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | | | | | - Majji Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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9
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Cadelis MM, Kim J, Rouvier F, Gill ES, Fraser K, Bourguet-Kondracki ML, Brunel JM, Copp BR. Exploration of Bis-Cinnamido-Polyamines as Intrinsic Antimicrobial Agents and Antibiotic Enhancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1087. [PMID: 37509123 PMCID: PMC10377643 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine natural product ianthelliformisamine C is a bis-cinnamido substituted spermine derivative that exhibits intrinsic antimicrobial properties and can enhance the action of doxycycline towards the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As part of a study to explore the structure-activity requirements of these activities, we have synthesized a set of analogues that vary in the presence/absence of methoxyl group and bromine atoms and in the polyamine chain length. Intrinsic antimicrobial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans was observed for only the longest polyamine chain examples of non-brominated analogues while all examples bearing either one or two bromine atoms were active. Weak to no activity was typically observed towards Gram-negative bacteria, with exceptions being the longest polyamine chain examples 13f, 14f and 16f against Escherichia coli (MIC 1.56, 7.2 and 5.3 µM, respectively). Many of these longer polyamine-chain analogues also exhibited cytotoxic and/or red blood cell hemolytic properties, diminishing their potential as antimicrobial lead compounds. Two of the non-toxic, non-halogenated analogues, 13b and 13d, exhibited a strong ability to enhance the action of doxycycline against P. aeruginosa, with >64-fold and >32-fold enhancement, respectively. These results suggest that any future efforts to optimize the antibiotic-enhancing properties of cinnamido-polyamines should explore a wider range of aromatic ring substituents that do not include bromine or methoxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Cadelis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jisoo Kim
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Florent Rouvier
- Membranes et Cibles Therapeutiques (MCT), SSA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Universite, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Evangelene S Gill
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kyle Fraser
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier (C.P. 54), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean Michel Brunel
- Membranes et Cibles Therapeutiques (MCT), SSA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Universite, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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10
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de Groot LHM, Ilic A, Schwarz J, Wärnmark K. Iron Photoredox Catalysis-Past, Present, and Future. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9369-9388. [PMID: 37079887 PMCID: PMC10161236 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis of organic reactions driven by iron has attracted substantial attention throughout recent years, due to potential environmental and economic benefits. In this Perspective, three major strategies were identified that have been employed to date to achieve reactivities comparable to the successful noble metal photoredox catalysis: (1) Direct replacement of a noble metal center by iron in archetypal polypyridyl complexes, resulting in a metal-centered photofunctional state. (2) In situ generation of photoactive complexes by substrate coordination where the reactions are driven via intramolecular electron transfer involving charge-transfer states, for example, through visible-light-induced homolysis. (3) Improving the excited-state lifetimes and redox potentials of the charge-transfer states of iron complexes through new ligand design. We seek to give an overview and evaluation of recent developments in this rapidly growing field and, at the same time, provide an outlook on the future of iron-based photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H M de Groot
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Ilic
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
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11
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Rybicka-Jasińska K, Szeptuch Z, Kubiszewski H, Kowaluk A. Electrochemical Cycloaddition Reactions of Alkene Radical Cations: A Route toward Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:1142-1146. [PMID: 36786497 PMCID: PMC9972478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a mild and efficient electrochemical method for cycloaddition reactions of alkene radical cations. Anodic oxidation of olefins produces electrophilic alkene radical cations, which further react with either diazo compounds in a [2 + 1] cycloaddition toward cyclopropane synthesis, or styrene derivatives in a [2 + 2] cycloaddition producing cyclobutanes. Both processes are green, metal- and catalyst-free, and scalable and tolerate a broad range of electron-rich olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna Szeptuch
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland,Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Kubiszewski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowaluk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Sun R, Song X, Wang S, Zhang X, Yan H, Wang Y. Construction of 3,9-diazatetraasteranes and 3,9-diazatetracyclododecanes by photocycloaddition reaction of 1,4-dihydropyridines: Experimental and theoretical investigation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Wang S, Wang Y, Ge C, Sun R, Wang H, Yan H. Insight for the synthesis and crystal structure of diazatetraasterane derivatives: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Golfmann M, Glagow L, Giakoumidakis A, Golz C, Walker JCL. Organophotocatalytic [2+2] Cycloaddition of Electron-Deficient Styrenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202373. [PMID: 36282627 PMCID: PMC10100360 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light organophotocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition of electron-deficient styrenes is described. Photocatalytic [2+2] cycloadditions are typically performed with electron-rich styrene derivatives or α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and with transition-metal-based catalysts. We have discovered that an organic cyanoarene photocatalyst is able to deliver high-value cyclobutane products bearing electron-deficient aryl substituents in good yields. A range of electron-deficient substituents are tolerated, and both homodimerisations and intramolecular [2+2] cycloadditions to fused bicyclic systems are available by using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Golfmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Louis Glagow
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonios Giakoumidakis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes C L Walker
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Modern Photocatalytic Strategies in Natural Product Synthesis. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 120:1-104. [PMID: 36587307 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11783-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern photocatalysis has proven its generality for the development and functionalization of native functionalities. To date, the field has found broad applications in diverse research areas, including the total synthesis of natural products. This contribution covers recent reports of total syntheses involving as a key step a photocatalytic reaction. Among the selected examples, the photocatalytic processes proceed in a highly chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective manner, thereby allowing the rapid access to structurally complex architectures under light-driven conditions.
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16
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Sensitizer-controlled photochemical reactivity via upconversion of red light. Chem Sci 2022; 14:149-161. [PMID: 36605743 PMCID: PMC9769107 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the energy input from two red photons, chemical reactions that would normally require blue or ultraviolet irradiation become accessible. Key advantages of this biphotonic excitation strategy are that red light usually penetrates deeper into complex reaction mixtures and causes less photo-damage than direct illumination in the blue or ultraviolet. Here, we demonstrate that the primary light-absorber of a dual photocatalytic system comprised of a transition metal-based photosensitizer and an organic co-catalyst can completely alter the reaction outcome. Photochemical reductions are achieved with a copper(i) complex in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, whereas oxidative substrate activation occurs with an osmium(ii) photosensitizer. Based on time-resolved laser spectroscopy, this changeover in photochemical reactivity is due to different underlying biphotonic mechanisms. Following triplet energy transfer from the osmium(ii) photosensitizer to 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and subsequent triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, the fluorescent singlet excited state of DCA triggers oxidative substrate activation, which initiates the cis to trans isomerization of an olefin, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition, an aryl ether to ester rearrangement, and a Newman-Kwart rearrangement. This oxidative substrate activation stands in contrast to the reactivity with a copper(i) photosensitizer, where photoinduced electron transfer generates the DCA radical anion, which upon further excitation triggers reductive dehalogenations and detosylations. Our study provides the proof-of-concept for controlling the outcome of a red-light driven biphotonic reaction by altering the photosensitizer, and this seems relevant in the greater context of tailoring photochemical reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
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17
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Medina E, Sandoval-Pauker C, Salvador P, Pinter B. Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidative and Reductive Quenching Cycles of Transition Metal Photoredox Catalysts through Effective Oxidation State Analysis. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18923-18933. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edinson Medina
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, 2390123 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Christian Sandoval-Pauker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, Unites States
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Department de Química, Institut de Química Computacional I Catàlisi, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, Unites States
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18
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Mansson CMF, Burns NZ. Aqueous Amine-Tolerant [2+2] Photocycloadditions of Unactivated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19689-19694. [PMID: 36269089 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Kochi-Salomon reaction is the only photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition capable of combining two electronically unactivated olefins into a cyclobutane. Yet, the reaction has remained largely unexplored and suffers many drawbacks, most notably an intolerance to Lewis/Brønsted basic amines and amides. Since these groups are ubiquitous in biologically active pharmaceuticals, an amine-tolerant Kochi-Salomon reaction would greatly facilitate rapid exploration of novel drug scaffolds. Herein, we disclose a transformation that is run in water with the most widely available Cu(II) salts and mineral acids. Furthermore, we apply this methodology to synthesize a variety of amine-containing cyclobutanes, including known and novel pharmacological analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M F Mansson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Noah Z Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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19
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Rana P, Kaushik B, Solanki K, Saini KM, Sharma RK. Development of heterogeneous photocatalysts via the covalent grafting of metal complexes on various solid supports. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11354-11377. [PMID: 36148784 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development of photocatalysts owing to their high activity, selectivity, and tunable light absorption in the visible light range. Recently, heterogeneous photocatalytic systems have emerged as potential candidates due to their beneficial attributes (e.g., high surface area, ease of functionalization and facile separation). Herein, we provide a concise overview of the rational design of heterogeneous photocatalysts by grafting photoactive complexes on heterogeneous support matrices via covalent grafting and their detailed characterization techniques, which have been followed by the landmark examples of their applications. Also, major challenges and opportunities in the forthcoming progress of these appealing areas are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rana
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Bhawna Kaushik
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Kanika Solanki
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Kapil Mohan Saini
- Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110008, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
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20
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Luo MJ, Xiao Q, Li JH. Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7206-7237. [PMID: 35880555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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21
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Sandoval-Pauker C, Pinter B. Quasi-Restricted Orbital Description of the Copper(I) Photoredox Catalytic Cycle. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074306. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this computational study, the electronic structure changes along the oxidative and reductive quenching cycles of a homoleptic and a heteroleptic prototype Cu(I) photoredox catalyst, namely [Cu(dmp)2]+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and [Cu(phen)(POP)]+ (POP = bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether) are scrutinized and characterized using quasi-restricted orbitals (QRO), electron density differences and spin densities. After validating our density functional theory-based computational protocol, the equilibrium geometries and wavefunctions (using QROs and atom/fragment compositions) of the four states involved in photoredox cycle (S0, T1, Dox and Dred) are systematically and thoroughly described. The formal ground and excited state ligand- and metal-centered redox events are substantiated by the QRO description of the open-shell triplet 3MLCT (d9L-1), Dox (d9L0) and Dred (d10L-1) species and the corresponding structural changes, e.g., flattening distortion, shortening/elongation of Cu-N/Cu-P bonds, are rationalized in terms of the underlying electronic structure transformations. Amongst others, we reveal the molecular-scale delocalization of the ligand-centered radical in the a 3MLCT (d9L-1) and Dred (d9L-1) states of homoleptic [Cu(dmp)2]+ and its localization to the redox-active phenanthroline ligand in the case of heteroleptic [Cu(phen)(POP)]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sandoval-Pauker
- The University of Texas at El Paso Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, United States of America
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, United States of America
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22
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Maleki B, Nejat R, Vahdani Z. Three-dimensional graphene–magnetic Organometallic nanohybrid as High‐Performance Visible Light Photocatalyst for the C-C Coupling Reactions. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1871035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Razieh Nejat
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of science, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahdani
- Department of Chemistry, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
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23
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Guo F, Wang H, Ye X, Tan CH. Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences SINGAPORE
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24
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25
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Zhang HQ, Yan CX, Xiao J, Wang YW, Peng Y. Recent advances in the total synthesis of 2,7'-cyclolignans. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1623-1636. [PMID: 35129186 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02457d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic progress of bioactive 2,7'-cyclolignans is reviewed. After a short introduction to biosynthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis, the chemical synthesis of various aryltetralin, dihydronaphthalene and 7'-arylnaphthalene-types of these lignans is demonstrated. Notably, newly developed methods, such as Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation, organocatalysis and photocatalysis under visible-light, are discussed during the construction of their skeleton. These efforts will stimulate further development of novel synthetic strategies for this kind of natural product with important biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qiu Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chu-Xuan Yan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Peng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Liang H, Ji DS, Xu GQ, Luo YC, Zheng H, Xu PF. Metal-free, visible-light induced enantioselective three-component dicarbofunctionalization and oxytrifluoromethylation of enamines via chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1088-1094. [PMID: 35211274 PMCID: PMC8790774 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06613g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using diverse carbon-centered radical precursors and electron-rich (hetero)aromatics and alcohols as nucleophiles, a visible-light driven chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular, three-component radical-initiated dicarbofunctionalization and oxytrifluoromethylation of enamines was developed, which provides a straightforward access to chiral arylmethylamines, aza-hemiacetals and γ-amino acid derivatives with excellent enantioselectivity. As far as we know, this is the first example of constructing a chiral C–O bond using simple alcohols via visible-light photocatalysis. Chiral phosphoric acid played multiple roles in the reaction, including controlling the reaction stereoselectivity and promoting the generation of radical intermediates by activating Togni's reagent. Mechanistic studies also suggested the importance of the N–H bond of the enamine and indole for the reactions. We have developed a metal-free, visible-light driven chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular, three-component radical-initiated dicarbofunctionalization and oxytrifluoromethylation of enamines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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27
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Ilic A, Schwarz J, Johnson C, de Groot LHM, Kaufhold S, Lomoth R, Wärnmark K. Photoredox Catalysis via Consecutive 2LMCT- and 3MLCT-Excitation of an Fe(III/II)- N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9165-9175. [PMID: 36093023 PMCID: PMC9383194 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes attract increasing attention as photosensitisers and photoredox catalysts. Such applications generally rely on sufficiently long excited state lifetimes and efficient bimolecular quenching, which leads to there...
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ilic
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Catherine Johnson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lisa H M de Groot
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Simon Kaufhold
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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28
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Jiao M, Wang Z, Zhang B, Chen BZ. [2+2] Cycloaddition or β-hydrogen elimination?—a DFT study of the reactions of propylene catalyzed by (PDI)Fe-metallacycle. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05646h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the chemoselectivity of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by different (PDI)Fe-metallacycles is due to the different groups (N2 or CH3) coordinated with the Fe metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jiao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zichen Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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29
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Oh H, Ryou B, Park J, Kim M, Choi JH, Park CM. Synthesis of Bicyclic N-Heterocycles via Photoredox Cycloaddition of Imino-Alkynes and Imino-Alkenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonji Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryou
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jinhwi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Cheol-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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30
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Gant Kanegusuku AL, Roizen JL. Recent Advances in Photoredox-Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21116-21149. [PMID: 33629454 PMCID: PMC8382814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photomediated Giese reactions are at the forefront of radical chemistry, much like the classical tin-mediated Giese reactions were nearly forty years ago. With the global recognition of organometallic photocatalysts for the mild and tunable generation of carbon-centered radicals, chemists have developed a torrent of strategies to form previously inaccessible radical intermediates that are capable of engaging in intermolecular conjugate addition reactions. This Review summarizes advances in photoredox-mediated Giese reactions since 2013, with a focus on the breadth of methods that provide access to crucial carbon-centered radical intermediates that can engage in radical conjugate addition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
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31
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Niu K, Ni X, Wang H, Li Y, Palotás K, Lin H, Chi L. On-surface synthesis of 2D COFs via molecular assembly directed photocycloadditions: a first-principles investigation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:475201. [PMID: 34433161 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the rational synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic framework (2D COFs) monolayer via on-surface chemistry has been widely explored. Herein, we propose the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition as a novel strategy for large-scale fabrication of COFs from theoretical perspective. Thanks to the symmetry forbidden of thermal [2 + 2] cycloaddition, the molecular precursors carrying vinyl groups will not chemically interact with each other during thermal annealing, which is essential to achieve molecular assembly. The subsequent photocycloaddition of these precursors may produce large-scale 2D COFs at low temperatures, in which the symmetry of molecular assembly remains unchanged. Our results show that 2D COFs can be produced via [2 + 2] photocycloadditions directed from self-assembled precursors, in which alkylbenzene molecules with vinyl groups on side chains exhibit appropriate intermolecular distances. By performing high-throughput calculations, several promising molecular precursors are proposed to achieve large-scale 2D COFs. This work provides an applicable strategy for the large-scale synthesis of 2D carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Niu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Xing Ni
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Krisztián Palotás
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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32
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Gant Kanegusuku AL, Roizen JL. Recent Advances in Photoredox‐Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
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33
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Nakashima T, Fujimori H, Ohmatsu K, Ooi T. Exploiting Transient Radical Cations as Brønsted Acids for Allylic C-H Heteroarylation of Enol Silyl Ethers. Chemistry 2021; 27:9253-9256. [PMID: 33938616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intermediary radical cations, generated through single-electron oxidation of enol silyl ethers by excited Ir-based photocatalysts, can be exploited as Brønsted acids for the activation of heteroarylcyanides. This strategy enables the direct allylic C-H heteroarylation of enol silyl ethers under visible-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Nakashima
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujimori
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Ohmatsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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34
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Jin Y, Jiang H, Tang X, Zhang W, Liu Y, Cui Y. Coordination-driven self-assembly of anthraquinone-based metal-organic cages for photocatalytic selective [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8533-8539. [PMID: 34075985 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00652e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-promoted [2 + 2] cycloaddition provides a straightforward and efficient way to produce cyclobutanes, which are the core skeleton in commercial pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. However, the control of the conformation to produce syn-head-to-head (syn-HH) cyclobutanes remains a grand challenge. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of anthraquinone-based metal-organic cages (MOCs) for the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of chalcones to generate syn-HH cyclobutanes. Guided by the coordination-driven self-assembly strategy, one D2 and three D4h symmetric MOCs are constructed from anthraquinone-derived dicarboxylate linkers and 4-tert-butylsulfonylcalixarene capped tetrametallic clusters. The porous cages feature large hydrophobic cavities and photoactive anthraquinone units and are demonstrated to be efficient and recyclable photocatalysts for [2 + 2] cycloaddition of chalcones. The syn-HH diastereomers are obtained with up to 13 : 1 diastereomeric ratio (dr). The cage catalysts provide a well-defined confined space to accommodate the substrates, thus leading to enhanced selectivity relative to the free anthraquinone catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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35
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Zhang Z, Stückrath JB, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene‐Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition of Bisenones and Comparison with Photoredox Catalysis and Established Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Julius B. Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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36
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Zhang Z, Stückrath JB, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition of Bisenones and Comparison with Photoredox Catalysis and Established Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14339-14344. [PMID: 33871126 PMCID: PMC8251790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cp2 Ti(TFA) is a broadly applicable catalyst for the [2+2] cycloaddition of bisenones by inner-sphere electron transfer. The attractiveness of this mechanism is shown by comparison with outer-sphere ET methods. DFT calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a unique unfavorable 5-exo (the rate-determining step) and a favorable 4-exo cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Julius B. Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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37
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Medcalf Z, Moeller KD. Anodic Olefin Coupling Reactions: Elucidating Radical Cation Mechanisms and the Interplay between Cyclization and Second Oxidation Steps. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2442-2452. [PMID: 34117713 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anodic olefin coupling reactions generate new bonds and ring skeletons through a net two electron process that reverses the polarity of a known, electron-rich functional group. While much of the early work on the mechanism of these reactions focused on the initial oxidation and cyclization steps of the process, the second oxidation step also plays a central role in determining the success of the reaction. Evidence supporting this observation is presented, along with evidence that optimization of this second oxidation step is not enough to pull a poor cyclization to the desired product. Successful cyclization reactions require optimization of both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Medcalf
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, 63130-4899, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, 63130-4899, St Louis, MO, USA
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38
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Flores-Leonar MM, Azpilcueta CR, Amador-Bedolla C, Rozenel SS. Isomerization reactions with [Ru(Bpy)3]2+ photocatalyst. A DFT study of the factors influencing the energy transfer mechanism supported by experimental data. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Jalili Z, Tayebee R, Zonoz FM. Eco-friendly synthesis of chromeno[4,3- b]chromenes with a new photosensitized WO 3/ZnO@NH 2-EY nanocatalyst. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18026-18039. [PMID: 35480176 PMCID: PMC9033197 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09737c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new heterogeneous photoredox nanocatalyst WO3/ZnO@NH2-EY (EY: eosin Y) was fabricated and characterized employing some instrumental techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, ICP, TGA, and SEM. The photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared material was investigated in the preparation of various chromeno[4,3-b]chromenes via a simple and practical method. The chromene derivatives were prepared through the condensation of aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, and coumarin under an open-air atmosphere in the presence of a green LED under solventless conditions. The significant advantages of this new method include low reaction time, easy work-up, cost-effective, wide substrate scope, excellent yield, and complete atom economy of the final products. Moreover, the prepared photocatalyst could be frequently recovered up to four times with only a little decrease in the catalytic activity. Furthermore, the progress of the condensation reaction is demonstrated to occur via a radical mechanism, which shows that reactive species such as ˙O2− and OH˙ together with h+ would be involved in the photocatalytic process. Stability and reusability studies also warranty good reproducibility of the nanocatalyst for at least 4 runs. Eventually, a hot filtration test ensured that the nanohybrid catalyst is stable in the reaction medium and its catalytic activity originates from the whole undecomposed conjugated composite. WO3/ZnO@NH2-EY is disclosed in the preparation of chromenes under air in the presence of a green LED. ˙O2−, OH˙, and h+ are proposed as reactive species and hot filtration test assured stability and reusability of the nanocatalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jalili
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran
| | - Reza Tayebee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran
| | - Farrokhzad M Zonoz
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran
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40
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Ayarde-Henríquez L, Guerra C, Duque-Noreña M, Rincón E, Pérez P, Chamorro E. Are There Only Fold Catastrophes in the Diels-Alder Reaction Between Ethylene and 1,3-Butadiene? J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5152-5165. [PMID: 33977708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work revisits the topological characterization of the Diels-Alder reaction between 1,3-butadiene and ethylene. In contrast to the currently accepted rationalization, we here provide strong evidence in support of a representation in terms of seven structural stability domains separated by a sequence of 10 elementary catastrophes, but all are only of the fold type (F and F†), that is, C4H6 + C2H4:1-7-[FF]F[F†F†][F†F†][FF]F†-0: C6H10. Such an unexpected finding provides fundamental new insights opening simplifying perspectives concerning the rationalization of the CC bond formation in pericyclic reactions in terms of the simplest Thom's elementary catastrophe, namely, the one-(state) variable, one-(control) parameter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ayarde-Henríquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Rincón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las encinas 220, 5110033 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Chamorro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
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41
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Mu X, Li Y, Zheng N, Long J, Chen S, Liu B, Zhao C, Yang Z. Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclohepta[
b
]indoles by Visible‐Light‐Induced [2+2]‐Cycloaddition/retro‐Mannich‐type Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Peng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐He Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Si‐Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Bing‐Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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42
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Mu XP, Li YH, Zheng N, Long JY, Chen SJ, Liu BY, Zhao CB, Yang Z. Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b]indoles by Visible-Light-Induced [2+2]-Cycloaddition/retro-Mannich-type Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11211-11216. [PMID: 33683807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the concise synthesis of cyclohepta[b]indoles in high yields was developed. The method involves a visible-light-induced, photocatalyzed [2+2]-cycloaddition/ retro-Mannich-type reaction of enaminones. Experimental and computational studies suggested that the reaction is a photoredox process initiated by single-electron oxidation of an enaminone moiety, which undergoes subsequent cyclobutane formation and rapidly fragmentation in a radical-cation state to form cyclohepta[b]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-He Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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43
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Qiao X, Lin Y, Li J, Ma W, Zhao J. All at once arrangement of both oxygen atoms of dioxygen into aliphatic C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds for hydroxyketone difunctionalization. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Murray PRD, Bussink WMM, Davies GHM, van der Mei FW, Antropow AH, Edwards JT, D'Agostino LA, Ellis JM, Hamann LG, Romanov-Michailidis F, Knowles RR. Intermolecular Crossed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Promoted by Visible-Light Triplet Photosensitization: Expedient Access to Polysubstituted 2-Oxaspiro[3.3]heptanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4055-4063. [PMID: 33666086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an intermolecular cross-selective [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction of exocyclic arylidene oxetanes, azetidines, and cyclobutanes with simple electron-deficient alkenes. The reaction takes place under mild conditions using a commercially available Ir(III) photosensitizer upon blue light irradiation. This transformation provides access to a range of polysubstituted 2-oxaspiro[3.3]heptane, 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane, and spiro[3.3]heptane motifs, which are of prime interest in medicinal chemistry as gem-dimethyl and carbonyl bioisosteres. A variety of further transformations of the initial cycloadducts are demonstrated to highlight the versatility of the products and enable selective access to either of a syn- or an anti-diastereoisomer through kinetic or thermodynamic epimerization, respectively. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations suggest that this reaction proceeds through a sensitized energy transfer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R D Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Willem M M Bussink
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Geraint H M Davies
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Farid W van der Mei
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Alyssa H Antropow
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Jacob T Edwards
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - J Michael Ellis
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Lawrence G Hamann
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | | | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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45
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Shcherbakova V, Dibchak D, Snisarenko M, Skalenko Y, Denisenko AV, Kuznetsova AS, Mykhailiuk PK. Bicyclic Piperidines via [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2200-2209. [PMID: 33211487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy to fused bicyclic piperidines-building blocks for medicinal chemistry-is developed. The key step was an intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocyclization. The photochemical step was performed on a gram scale. Crystallographic analysis of the obtained compounds revealed that they occupy a novel chemical space and can be considered as elongated analogues of 3-substituted piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yevhen Skalenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
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46
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Hussein AA, Ma Y, Al‐Yasari A. Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Styrene Hetero‐ and Homodimerization Initiation Proceeds with Two‐Electron Reductive Cleavage. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institue, Haidian 100084 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Al‐Yasari
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia NR4 7TJ Norwich United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Kerbala Kerbala Iraq
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47
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Lévesque F, Di Maso MJ, Narsimhan K, Wismer MK, Naber JR. Design of a Kilogram Scale, Plug Flow Photoreactor Enabled by High Power LEDs. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Lévesque
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael J. Di Maso
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Karthik Narsimhan
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael K. Wismer
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John R. Naber
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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48
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Xiang JC, Wang Q, Zhu J. Radical-Cation Cascade to Aryltetralin Cyclic Ether Lignans Under Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21195-21202. [PMID: 32744786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of concise, sustainable, and cost-effective synthesis of aryltetralin lignans, bearing either a fused lactone or cyclic ether, is of significant medicinal importance. Reported is that in the presence of Fukuzumi's acridinium salt under blue LED irradiation, functionalized dicinnamyl ether derivatives are converted into aryltetralin cyclic ether lignans with concurrent generation of three stereocenters in good to high yields with up to 20:1 diastereoselectivity. Oxidation of an alkene to the radical cation is key to the success of this formal Diels-Alder reaction of electronically mismatched diene and dienophile. Applying this methodology, six natural products, aglacin B, aglacin C, sulabiroin A, sulabiroin B, gaultherin C, and isoshonanin, are synthesized in only two to three steps from readily available biomass-derived monolignols. A revised structure is proposed for gaultherin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Xiang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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49
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Abstract
Three- and four-membered rings, widespread motifs in nature and medicinal chemistry, have fascinated chemists ever since their discovery. However, due to energetic considerations, small rings are often difficult to assemble. In this regard, homogeneous gold catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to construct these highly strained carbocycles. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of all the major advances and discoveries made in the gold-catalyzed synthesis of cyclopropanes, cyclopropenes, cyclobutanes, cyclobutenes, and their corresponding heterocyclic or heterosubstituted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Allegra Franchino
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcı A-Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Piane JJ, Chamberlain LE, Huss S, Alameda LT, Hoover AC, Elacqua E. Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed Cycloadditions Under Single-Chain Polymer Confinement. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Piane
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lauren E. Chamberlain
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Steven Huss
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lucas T. Alameda
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ashley C. Hoover
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Elizabeth Elacqua
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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