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Kelsey SR, Griaznov G, Spaeth AD, Janzen DE, Douglas JT, Thompson WH, Barybin MV. Tuning the redox profile of the 6,6'-biazulenic platform through functionalization along its molecular axis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5213-5216. [PMID: 38652073 PMCID: PMC11080966 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The E1/2 potential associated with reduction of the linearly-functionalized 6,6'-biazulenic scaffold is accurately correlated to the combined σp Hammett parameters of the substituents over >600 mV range. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the 2,2'-dichloro-substituted derivative revealed unexpectedly short C-Cl bond distances, along with other metric changes, suggesting a non-trivial cycloheptafulvalene-like structural contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun R Kelsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Georgii Griaznov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Andrew D Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Daron E Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Justin T Douglas
- NMR Laboratory, Molecular Structures Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ward H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Mikhail V Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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2
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Zhang Q, Wu D, Fu Y, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang B. Molecular-Potential and Redox Coregulated Cathodic Electrosynthesis toward Ionic Azulene-Based Thin Films for Organic Memristors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22217-22228. [PMID: 38639367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic memristors as promising electronic units are attracting significant attention owing to their simplicity of molecular structure design. However, fabricating high-quality organic films via novel synthetic technologies and exploring unprecedented chemical structures to achieve excellent memory performance in organic memristor devices are highly challenging. In this work, we report a cathodic electropolymerization to synthesize an ionic azulene-based memristive film (PPMAz-Py+Br-) under the molecular-potential and redox coregulation. During the cathodic electropolymerization process, electropositive pyridinium salts migrate to the cathode under an electric field, undergo a reduction-coupling deprotonation reaction, and polymerize into a uniform film with a controllable thickness on the electrode surface. The prepared Al/PPMAz-Py+Br-/ITO devices not only exhibit a high ON/OFF ratio of 1.8 × 103, high stability, long memory retention, and endurance under a wide range of voltage scans, but also achieve excellent multilevel storage and history-dependent memristive performance. In addition, the devices can mimic important biosynaptic functions, such as learning/forgetting function, synaptic enhancement/inhibition, paired-pulse facilitation/depression, and spiking-rate-dependent plasticity. The tunable memristive performances are attributed to the capture of free electrons on pyridinium cations, the migration of the aluminum ions (Al3+), and the form of Al conductive filaments under voltage scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongchuang Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Jinyong Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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3
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Connelly PT, Applegate JC, Maldonado DA, Okeowo MK, Henke WC, Oliver AG, Berrie CL, Barybin MV. Homoleptic complexes of isocyano- and diisocyanobiazulenes with a 12-electron, ligand-based redox capacity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11419-11426. [PMID: 37538026 PMCID: PMC10498685 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Oligo- and polyazulenes are attractive π-conjugated building blocks in designing advanced functional materials. Herein, we demonstrate that anchoring one or both isocyanide termini of the redox non-innocent 2,2'-diisocyano-6,6'-biazulenic π-linker (1) to the redox-active [Cr(CO)5] moiety provided a convenient intramolecular redox reference for unambiguously establishing that the 6,6'-biazulenic scaffold undergoes a reversible one-step 2e- reduction governed by reduction potential compression/inversion. Treatment of bis(η6-naphthalene)chromium(0) with six equiv. of 2-isocyano-1,1',3,3'-tetraethoxycarbonyl-6,6'-biazulene (6) or [(OC)5Cr(η1-2,2'-diisocyano-1,1',3,3'-tetraethoxycarbonyl-6,6'-biazulene)] (11) afforded homoleptic Cr(0) complexes 13 and 14 with a 12e- (per molecule) ligand-based reduction capacity at mild E1/2 of -1.29 V and -1.15 V vs. Cp2Fe0/+, respectively. The overall reversible redox capacity varies from 15e- for the mononuclear complex 13 to 21e- for the heptanuclear complex 14. The latter "nanocomplex" has a diameter of ca. 5 nm and features seven Cr(0) centers interlinked with six 2,2'-diisocyano-6,6'-biazulenic bridges. The X-ray structure of [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,1',3,3'-tetraethoxycarbonyl-6,6'-biazulene)] (7) indicated a 43.5° interplanar angle between the two azulenic moieties. Self-assembly of 11 on a Au(111) substrate afforded an organometallic monolayer film of 11 featuring approximately upright orientation of the 2,2'-diisocyano-6,6'-biazulenic linkers, as evidenced by ellipsometric measurements and the RAIR signature of the C4v-symmetric [(-NC)Cr(CO)5] infrared reporter within 11. Remarkably, comparing the FTIR spectrum of 11 in solution with the RAIR spectrum of 11 adsorbed on Au(111) suggested electronic coupling at a ca. 2 nm distance between the Cr(0) and Au atoms linked by the 2,2'-diisocyano-6,6'-biazulene bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason C Applegate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - David A Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Monisola K Okeowo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Wade C Henke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Cindy L Berrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Mikhail V Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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Zhao Z, El-Khouly ME, Che Q, Sun F, Zhang B, He H, Chen Y. Redox-Active Azulene-based 2D Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework for Organic Memristors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217249. [PMID: 36509712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a conjugated and unsymmetric building block composed of an electron-poor seven-membered sp2 carbon ring and an electron-rich five-membered carbon ring, azulene and its derivatives have been recognized as one of the most promising building blocks for novel electronic devices due to its intrinsic redox activity. By using 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)-benzene and azulene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde as the starting materials, an azulene(Azu)-based 2D conjugated covalent organic framework, COF-Azu, is prepared through liquid-liquid interface polymerization strategy for the first time. The as-fabricated Al/COF-Azu/indium tin oxide (ITO) memristor shows typical non-volatile resistive switching performance due to the electric filed induced intramolecular charge transfer effect. Associated with the unique memristive performance, a simple convolutional neural network is built for image recognition. After 8 epochs of training, image recognition accuracy of 80 % for a neutral network trained on a larger data set is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mohamed E El-Khouly
- Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Qiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fangcheng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Haidong He
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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5
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Hart MD, Meyers JJ, Wood ZA, Nakakita T, Applegate JC, Erickson NR, Gerasimchuk NN, Barybin MV. Tuning π-Acceptor/σ-Donor Ratio of the 2-Isocyanoazulene Ligand: Non-Fluorinated Rival of Pentafluorophenyl Isocyanide and Trifluorovinyl Isocyanide Discovered. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040981. [PMID: 33673291 PMCID: PMC7918097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocyanoazulenes (CNAz) constitute a relatively new class of isocyanoarenes that offers rich structural and electronic diversification of the organic isocyanide ligand platform. This article considers a series of 2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene ligands (X = H, Me, CO2Et, Br, and CN) and the corresponding zero-valent complexes thereof, [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene)]. Air- and thermally stable, X-ray structurally characterized 2-isocyano-1,3-dimethylazulene may be viewed as a non-benzenoid aromatic congener of 2,6-dimethyphenyl isocyanide (2,6-xylyl isocyanide), a longtime “workhorse” aryl isocyanide ligand in coordination chemistry. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic {Cr–CNAz bond distances}, cyclic voltametric {E1/2(Cr0/1+)}, 13C NMR {δ(13CN), δ(13CO)}, UV-vis {dπ(Cr) → pπ*(CNAz) Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer}, and FTIR {νN≡C, νC≡O, kC≡O} analyses of the [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene)] complexes provided a multifaceted, quantitative assessment of the π-acceptor/σ-donor characteristics of the above five 2-isocyanoazulenes. In particular, the following inverse linear relationships were documented: δ(13COtrans) vs. δ(13CN), δ(13COcis) vs. δ(13CN), and δ(13COtrans) vs. kC≡O,trans force constant. Remarkably, the net electron withdrawing capability of the 2-isocyano-1,3-dicyanoazulene ligand rivals those of perfluorinated isocyanides CNC6F5 and CNC2F3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D. Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - John J. Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Clayton State University, 2000 Clayton State Blvd., Morrow, GA 30260, USA
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.J.); (N.N.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Zachary A. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - Toshinori Nakakita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - Jason C. Applegate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - Nathan R. Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - Nikolay N. Gerasimchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, 901 S. National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.J.); (N.N.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Mikhail V. Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.J.); (N.N.G.); (M.V.B.)
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6
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Schraff S, Trampert J, Orthaber A, Pammer F. Electronic Properties and Solid-State Packing of Isocyanofulvenes and Their Gold(I) Chloride Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17171-17183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schraff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Trampert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry−Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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7
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Steer RP. Photophysics of molecules containing multiples of the azulene carbon framework. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Fathi-Rasekh M, Rohde GT, Hart MD, Nakakita T, Zatsikha YV, Valiev RR, Barybin MV, Nemykin VN. Positional Isomers of Isocyanoazulenes as Axial Ligands Coordinated to Ruthenium(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin: Fine-Tuning Redox and Optical Profiles. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9316-9325. [PMID: 31240923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two isomeric ruthenium(II)/5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin complexes featuring axially coordinated redox-active, low-optical gap 2- or 6-isocyanoazulene ligands have been isolated and characterized by NMR, UV-vis, and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopic methods, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The UV-vis and MCD spectra support the presence of the low-energy, azulene-centered transitions in the Q band region of the porphyrin chromophore. The first coordination sphere in new L2RuTPP complexes reflects compressed tetragonal geometry. The redox properties of the new compounds were assessed by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical means and correlated with the electronic structures predicted by density functional theory and CASSCF calculations. Both experimental and theoretical data are consistent with the first two reduction processes involving the axial azulenic ligands, whereas the oxidation profile (in the direction of increasing potential) is exerted by the ruthenium ion, the porphyrin core, and the axial azulenic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Fathi-Rasekh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Minnesota Duluth , 1039 University Drive , Duluth , Minnesota 55812 , United States
| | | | - Mason D Hart
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Toshinori Nakakita
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Yuriy V Zatsikha
- Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , 144 Dysart Road , Winnipeg , MB R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Rashid R Valiev
- Tomsk State University , 36, Lenin Avenue , 634050 Tomsk , Russia.,University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mikhail V Barybin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Minnesota Duluth , 1039 University Drive , Duluth , Minnesota 55812 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , 144 Dysart Road , Winnipeg , MB R3T 2N2 , Canada
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9
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Smith CE, Xie Z, Bâldea I, Frisbie CD. Work function and temperature dependence of electron tunneling through an N-type perylene diimide molecular junction with isocyanide surface linkers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:964-975. [PMID: 29192925 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conducting probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) was employed to examine electron tunneling in self-assembled monolayer (SAM) junctions. A 2.3 nm long perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PDI) acceptor molecule equipped with isocyanide linker groups was synthesized, adsorbed onto Ag, Au and Pt substrates, and the current-voltage (I-V) properties were measured by CP-AFM. The dependence of the low-bias resistance (R) on contact work function indicates that transport is LUMO-assisted ('n-type behavior'). A single-level tunneling model combined with transition voltage spectroscopy (TVS) was employed to analyze the experimental I-V curves and to extract the effective LUMO position εl = ELUMO - EF and the effective electronic coupling (Γ) between the PDI redox core and the contacts. This analysis revealed a strong Fermi level (EF) pinning effect in all the junctions, likely due to interface dipoles that significantly increased with increasing contact work function, as revealed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). Furthermore, the temperature (T) dependence of R was found to be substantial. For Pt/Pt junctions, R varied more than two orders of magnitude in the range 248 K < T < 338 K. Importantly, the R(T) data are consistent with a single step electron tunneling mechanism and allow independent determination of εl, giving values compatible with estimates of εl based on analysis of the full I-V data. Theoretical analysis revealed a general criterion to unambiguously rule out a two-step transport mechanism: namely, if measured resistance data exhibit a pronounced Arrhenius-type temperature dependence, a two-step electron transfer scenario should be excluded in cases where the activation energy depends on contact metallurgy. Overall, our results indicate (1) the generality of the Fermi level pinning phenomenon in molecular junctions, (2) the utility of employing the single level tunneling model for determining essential electronic structure parameters (εl and Γ), and (3) the importance of changing the nature of the contacts to verify transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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10
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Yang C, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Sun S, Dong R, Karakus M, Mics Z, Löffler M, Zhang F, Zhuang X, Cánovas E, Cuniberti G, Bonn M, Feng X. Coordination Polymer Framework Based On-Chip Micro-Supercapacitors with AC Line-Filtering Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Dongchuan Road 800 200240 Shanghai China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Sai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Dongchuan Road 800 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Melike Karakus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zoltán Mics
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN); Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Dongchuan Road 800 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Dongchuan Road 800 200240 Shanghai China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
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11
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Yang C, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Sun S, Dong R, Karakus M, Mics Z, Löffler M, Zhang F, Zhuang X, Cánovas E, Cuniberti G, Bonn M, Feng X. Coordination Polymer Framework Based On-Chip Micro-Supercapacitors with AC Line-Filtering Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3920-3924. [PMID: 28267257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
On-chip micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are important Si-compatible power-source backups for miniaturized electronics. Despite their tremendous advantages, current on-chip MSCs require harsh processing conditions and typically perform like resistors when filtering ripples from alternating current (AC). Herein, we demonstrated a facile layer-by-layer method towards on-chip MSCs based on an azulene-bridged coordination polymer framework (PiCBA). Owing to the good carrier mobility (5×10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) of PiCBA, the permanent dipole moment of azulene skeleton, and ultralow band gap of PiCBA, the fabricated MSCs delivered high specific capacitances of up to 34.1 F cm-3 at 50 mV s-1 and a high volumetric power density of 1323 W cm-3 . Most importantly, such MCSs exhibited AC line-filtering performance (-73° at 120 Hz) with a short resistance-capacitance constant of circa 0.83 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melike Karakus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zoltán Mics
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Lionetti D, Day VW, Blakemore JD. Noncovalent immobilization and surface characterization of lanthanide complexes on carbon electrodes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11779-11789. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02577g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface immobilization and spectroscopic characterization of redox-active molecular lanthanide complexes is demonstrated on carbon electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor W. Day
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
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13
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Applegate JC, Okeowo MK, Erickson NR, Neal BM, Berrie CL, Gerasimchukand NN, Barybin MV. First π-linker featuring mercapto and isocyano anchoring groups within the same molecule: Synthesis, heterobimetallic complexation and self-assembly on Au(111). Chem Sci 2015; 7:1422-1429. [PMID: 26877864 PMCID: PMC4748958 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercapto (-SH) and isocyano (-N≡C) terminated conducting π-linkers are often employed in the ever-growing quest for organoelectronic materials. While such systems typically involve symmetric dimercapto or diisocyano anchoring of the organic bridge, this article introduces the chemistry of a linear azulenic π-linker equipped with one mercapto and one isocyano terminus. The 2-isocyano-6-mercaptoazulene platform was efficiently accessed from 2-amino-6-bromo-1,3-diethoxycarbonylazulene in four steps. The 2-N≡C end of this 2,6-azulenic motif was anchrored to the [Cr(CO)5] fragment prior to formation of its 6-SH terminus. Metalation of the 6-SH end of [(OC)5Cr(η1-2-isocyano-1,3-diethoxycarbonyl-6-mercaptoazulene)] (7) with Ph3PAuCl, under basic conditions, afforded X-ray structurally characterized heterobimetallic Cr0/AuI ensemble [(OC)5Cr(μ-η1:η1-2-isocyano-1,3-diethoxycarbonyl-6-azulenylthiolate)AuPPh3] (8). Analysis of the 13C NMR chemical shifts for the [(NC)Cr(CO)5] core in a series of the related complexes [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-6-X-1,3-diethoxy-carbonylazulene)] (X = -N≡C, Br,H, SH, SCH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, SAuPPh3) unveiled remarkably consistent inverse-linear correlations δ( 13COtrans) vs. δ( 13CN) and δ( 13COcis) vs. δ( 13CN) that appear to hold well beyond the above 2-isocyanoazulenic series to include complexes [(OC)5Cr(CNR)] containing strongly electron-withdrawing substituents R, such as CF3, CFClCF2Cl, C2F3, and C6F5. In addition to functioning as asensitive 13C NMR handle, the essentially C4v-symmetric [(-NC)Cr(CO)5] moiety proved to be an informative, remote, νN≡C/νC≡O infrared reporter in probing chemisorption of 7 on the Au(111) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Applegate
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Monisola K Okeowo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Nathan R Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Brad M Neal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Cindy L Berrie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Nikolay N Gerasimchukand
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, 901 S. National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Mikhail V Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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14
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Shoji T, Yamamoto A, Shimomura E, Maruyama M, Ito S, Okujima T, Toyota K, Morita N. Synthesis of 1,6′-Bi- and 1,6′:3,6′′-Terazulenes from 1-Pyridyl- and 1,3-Di(pyridyl)azulenes by the Ziegler–Hafner Method. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | - Atsuyo Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | - Erika Shimomura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | | | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
| | - Kozo Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Noboru Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
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15
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Maher TR, Meyers JJ, Spaeth AD, Lemley KR, Barybin MV. Diisocyanoarene-linked pentacarbonylvanadate(I−) ions as building blocks in a supramolecular charge-transfer framework assembled through noncovalent π–π and contact ion interactions. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7845-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Neal BM, Vorushilov AS, DeLaRosa AM, Robinson RE, Berrie CL, Barybin MV. Ancillary nitrile substituents as convenient IR spectroscopic reporters for self-assembly of mercapto- and isocyanoazulenes on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10803-5. [PMID: 21892471 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and self-assembly of structurally related mercapto- and isocyanoazulenes, including novel 2-mercapto-1,3-dicyanoazulene (4) and 2-isocyano-1,3-dicyanoazulene (5), are reported. Exposing 5 adsorbed on Au(111) to a solution of 4 displaces the isocyanoazulene monolayer with that of the mercaptoazulene as judged by ν(C≡N) signatures of these films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Neal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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