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Liu Z, Ma L, Zhang H, Zhuang J, Man J, Siwy ZS, Qiu Y. Dynamic Response of Ionic Current in Conical Nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30496-30505. [PMID: 38830306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ionic current rectification (ICR) of charged conical nanopores has various applications in fields including nanofluidics, biosensing, and energy conversion, whose function is closely related to the dynamic response of nanopores. The occurrence of ICR originates from the ion enrichment and depletion in conical pores, whose formation is found to be affected by the scanning rate of voltages. Here, through time-dependent simulations, we investigate the variation of ion current under electric fields and the dynamic formation of ion enrichment and depletion, which can reflect the response time of conical nanopores. The response time of nanopores when ion enrichment forms, i.e., at the "on" state is significantly longer than that with the formation of ion depletion, i.e., at the "off" state. Our simulation results reveal the regulation of response time by different nanopore parameters including the surface charge density, pore length, tip, and base radius, as well as the applied conditions such as the voltage and bulk concentration. The response time of nanopores is closely related to the surface charge density, pore length, voltage, and bulk concentration. Our uncovered dynamic response mechanism of the ionic current can guide the design of nanofluidic devices with conical nanopores, including memristors, ionic switches, and rectifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jiakun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jia Man
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zuzanna S Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yinghua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Yang R, Balogun Y, Ake S, Baram D, Brown W, Wang G. Negative Differential Resistance in Conical Nanopore Iontronic Memristors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13183-13190. [PMID: 38695449 PMCID: PMC11099999 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Emerging ion transport dynamics with memory effects at nanoscale solution-substrate interfaces offers a unique opportunity to overcome the bottlenecks in traditional computational architectures, trade-offs in selectivity and throughput in separation, and electrochemical energy conversions. Negative differential resistance (NDR), a decrease in conductance with increasing potential, constitutes a new function from the perspective of time-dependent instead of steady-state nanoscale electrokinetic ion transport but remains unexplored in ionotronics to develop higher-order complexity and advanced capabilities. Herein, NDR is introduced in hysteretic and rectified ion transport through single conical nanopipettes (NPs) as ionic memristors. Deterministic and chaotic behaviors are controlled via an electric field as the sole stimulus. The NDR arises fundamentally from the availability and redistribution of the ionic charges during the hysteretic and rectified transport at asymmetric nanointerfaces. The elucidated mechanism is generalizable, and the drastically simplified operations enable tunable state-switching dynamics with higher-order complexity besides the first-order synaptic functions in multiple excitatory and inhibitory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Yusuff Balogun
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Sarah Ake
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Dipak Baram
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | | | - Gangli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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3
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Qiao N, Li Z, Zhang Z, Guo H, Liao J, Lu W, Li C. Effect of membrane thermal conductivity on ion current rectification in conical nanochannels under asymmetric temperature. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341724. [PMID: 37709465 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there have been extensively theoretical studies on the phenomenon of ion current rectification (ICR) induced by the asymmetric electrical double layer (EDL). As a key factor influencing the behavior of ion transport, temperature is given high priority by researchers. The thermal conductivity of the material commonly employed to prepare nanopores is 2-3 times higher than that of liquid solutions, which may affect ion transport within the nanochannel. However, it is often neglected in previous studies. Thus, we investigate the effect of membrane thermal conductivity on the ICR in conical nanochannels under asymmetric temperature. Based on the PNP-NS theoretical model, the ion current, the rectification ratio, as well as the temperature and ion concentration distributions along the nanochannel are calculated. It is found that the thermal conductivity of the solid membrane noticeably affects the temperature distribution across the nanochannel, altering the ion transport behavior. Larger membrane thermal conductivity tends to homogenize the temperature distribution in the nanochannel, leading to a decline of ionic thermal down-diffusion by a positive temperature difference and ionic thermal up-diffusion by a negative temperature difference, with the former promoting and the latter inhibiting ion current. As a result, the rectification ratio decreases under the positive temperature difference and increases under the negative temperature difference as the thermal conductivity of the membrane increases. These studies will be instructive for the design of nanofluidic diodes and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zhenquan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hengyi Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Changzheng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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4
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Dong J, Qiu X, Huang M, Chen X, Li Y. G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme functionalized nanopipettes: Fabrication and sensing application. Talanta 2023; 257:124384. [PMID: 36812658 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Solid-nanopores/nanopipettes have the exquisite ability to reveal the changes in molecular volume due to the advantages of adjustable size, good rigidity and low noise. Herein, a new platform for sensing application was established based on G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme (GQH) functionalized gold-coated nanopipettes. In this method, GQH was immobilized on gold-coated nanopipette, which could be used as a catalyst for the reaction of H2O2 with 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) to promote the conversion of ABTS to ABTS+ ions inside gold-coated nanopipette, and the change of transmembrane ion current could be monitored in real time. At the optimal conditions, there was a correlation between the ion current and the concentration of H2O2 in a certain range, which could be used for the hydrogen peroxide sensing. The GQH immobilized nanopipette provides a useful platform to investigate enzymatic catalysis in confined environment, which can be used in electrocatalysis, sensing and fundamental electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Mimi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
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5
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Vaneev AN, Timoshenko RV, Gorelkin PV, Klyachko NL, Erofeev AS. Recent Advances in Nanopore Technology for Copper Detection and Their Potential Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091573. [PMID: 37177118 PMCID: PMC10181076 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanopore technology has emerged as a promising technique for the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of various analytes. In particular, the use of nanopores for the detection of copper ions has attracted considerable attention due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. This review discusses the principles of nanopore technology and its advantages over conventional techniques for copper detection. It covers the different types of nanopores used for copper detection, including biological and synthetic nanopores, and the various mechanisms used to detect copper ions. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the recent advancements in nanopore technology for copper detection, including the development of new nanopore materials, improvements in signal amplification, and the integration of nanopore technology with other analytical methods for enhanced detection sensitivity and accuracy. Finally, we summarize the extensive applications, current challenges, and future perspectives of using nanopore technology for copper detection, highlighting the need for further research in the field to optimize the performance and applicability of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Vaneev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V Timoshenko
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr V Gorelkin
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Erofeev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Guo J, Liu X, Zhao J, Xu H, Gao Z, Wu ZQ, Song YY. Rational design of mesoporous chiral MOFs as reactive pockets in nanochannels for enzyme-free identification of monosaccharide enantiomers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1742-1751. [PMID: 36819857 PMCID: PMC9930935 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05784k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosaccharides play significant roles in daily metabolism in living organisms. Although various devices have been constructed for monosaccharide identification, most rely on the specificity of the natural enzyme. Herein, inspired by natural ionic channels, an asymmetrical MOF-in-nanochannel architecture is developed to discriminate monosaccharide enantiomers based on cascade reactions by combining oxidase-mimicking and Fenton-like catalysis in homochiral mesoporous CuMOF pockets. The identification performance is remarkably enhanced by the increased oxidase-mimicking activity of Au nanoparticles under a local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation. The apparent steady-state kinetic parameters and nano-fluidic simulation indicate that the different affinities induced by Au-LSPR excitation and the confinement effect from MOF pockets precipitate the high chiral sensitivity. This study offers a promising strategy for designing an enantiomer discrimination device and helps to gain insight into the origin of stereoselectivity in a natural enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Guo
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Xuao Liu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Junjian Zhao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Huijie Xu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Zhida Gao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University Nantong 226019 China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China
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7
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Farrell EB, Duleba D, Johnson RP. Aprotic Solvent Accumulation Amplifies Ion Current Rectification in Conical Nanopores. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5689-5694. [PMID: 35867912 PMCID: PMC9358645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion current rectification is highly reported in aqueous electrochemical systems and sensors but lacks exploration in organic systems due to the additional complexity introduced by non-aqueous solvents. Herein, a detailed study on ion current rectification with highly polar and mildly polar aprotic organic solvents as a function of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate supporting electrolyte concentration is presented. To explain our experimental results, we introduce a previously unreported phenomenon: the formation of a double-junction diode within the nanopore that arises due to a complex interplay between ion and solvent enrichment effects. Finite element simulations are used to explore this phenomenon and the subsequent effect on the rectifying behavior of conical quartz nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer B Farrell
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Dominik Duleba
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Robert P Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
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8
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Ma H, Jin X, Du YZ, Dong LY, Hu X, Li WC, Wang D, Joshi R, Hao GP, Lu AH. Asymmetric heterojunctions between size different 2D flakes intensify the ionic diode behaviour. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5626-5629. [PMID: 35438094 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on the facile formation of asymmetric heterojunctions between laterally size different 2D flakes, which leads to a prominent gradient in charge distribution at the nanocontact interface and triggers ionic diode-like transport behaviour with a rectification ratio of 110.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoheng Jin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Gate 2 High St Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yun-Zhe Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Gate 2 High St Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Guang-Ping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - An-Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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9
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Shao Y, He P, Yu Z, Liang X, Shao Y. Modulation of ionic current behaviors based on a dual-channel micro/nano-pipette with ternary-form-charged model. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Guo J, Xu H, Zhao J, Gao Z, Wu ZQ, Song YY. Locally superengineered cascade recognition–quantification zones in nanochannels for sensitive enantiomer identification. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9993-10002. [PMID: 36128237 PMCID: PMC9430310 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intriguing and intrinsic feature of life, chirality is highly associated with many significant biological processes. Simultaneous recognition and quantification of enantiomers remains a major challenge. Here, a sensitive enantiomer identification device is developed on TiO2 nanochannels via the design of cascade recognition–quantification zones along the nanochannels. In this system, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is self-assembled on one side of the nanochannels for the selective recognition of enantiomers; CuMOFs are designed as the target-responsive partners on the other side of the nanochannels for the quantification of enantiomers that pass through the nanochannels. As a proof-of-principle of the cascade design, arginine (Arg) enantiomers are tested as the identification targets. The l-Arg molecules selectively bind in the recognition zone; d-Arg molecules pass through the recognition zone and then interact with the quantification zone via a specialized reduction reaction. As verified by nanofluidic simulations, because of the confinement effect of nanoscale channels combined with the condensation effect of porous structure, the in situ reaction in the quantification zone contributes to an unprecedented variation in transmembrane K+ flux, leading to an improved identification signal. This novel cascade-zone nanochannel membrane provides a smart strategy to design multifunctional nanofluidic devices. A design of the cascade recognition–quantification zone is developed along TiO2 nanochannels. The asymmetric nanochannels exhibit a predominant sensitivity and selectivity for enantiomer discrimination.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Guo
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Huijie Xu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Junjian Zhao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhida Gao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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11
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Liu R, Ma Y, Shen X, Wang D. Quantification of the charge transport processes inside carbon nanopipettes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14752-14757. [PMID: 34820090 PMCID: PMC8597862 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive nanopipettes have been extensively used as powerful multifunctional probes for electrochemical and ion transport measurements, while the involved charge transfer processes have not been fully explored. In this paper, we use both experimental and simulation methods to de-convolute and quantify the respective electron transfer (ET) and ion transport (IT) contributions to the resulting current signals in carbon nanopipettes (CNPs). The results present that the current signals in CNPs are determined by ET in the case of low solution depth and long timescales, while IT becomes dominant at short timescales or high solution depth. In addition, the electrochemically and chemically irreversible ET processes in CNPs were also quantified. The elucidated and quantified charge transport processes inside CNPs will help control and optimize the IT and ET processes at the nanoscale, promoting better and broad usage of conductive nanopipettes in single-entity sensing and imaging applications. The coupled electron transfer (ET) and ion transport (IT) processes in conductive nanopipettes, at both steady and transient states, are elucidated and quantified by experiments and simulation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Yingfei Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Shen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
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12
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Yang Z, Zhuang Q, Yan Y, Ahumada G, Grzybowski BA. An Electrocatalytic Reaction As a Basis for Chemical Computing in Water Droplets. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16908-16912. [PMID: 34609133 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous droplets covered with amphiphilic Janus Au/Fe3O4 nanoparticles and suspended in an organic phase serve as building blocks of droplet-based electronic circuitry. The electrocatalytic activity of these nanoparticles in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) underlies the droplet's ability to rectify currents with typical rectification ratios of ∼10. In effect, individual droplets act as low-frequency half-wave rectifiers, whereas several appropriately wired droplets enable full-wave rectification. When the HER-supporting droplets are combined with salt-containing "resistor" ones, the resulting ensembles can act as AND or OR gates or as inverters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yang
- Center for Soft and Living Matter of Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 49919, South Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiang Zhuang
- Center for Soft and Living Matter of Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 49919, South Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Yong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Soft and Living Matter of Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 49919, South Korea
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Center for Soft and Living Matter of Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 49919, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 49919, South Korea
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13
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has emerged as a versatile tool for studies of interfaces in biology and materials science with notable utility in biophysical and electrochemical measurements. The heart of the SICM is a nanometer-scale electrolyte filled glass pipette that serves as a scanning probe. In the initial conception, manipulations of ion currents through the tip of the pipette and appropriate positioning hardware provided a route to recording micro- and nanoscopic mapping of the topography of surfaces. Subsequent advances in instrumentation, probe design, and methods significantly increased opportunities for SICM beyond recording topography. Hybridization of SICM with coincident characterization techniques such as optical microscopy and faradaic electrodes have brought SICM to the forefront as a tool for nanoscale chemical measurement for a wide range of applications. Modern approaches to SICM realize an important tool in analytical, bioanalytical, biophysical, and materials measurements, where significant opportunities remain for further exploration. In this review, we chronicle the development of SICM from the perspective of both the development of instrumentation and methods and the breadth of measurements performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kaixiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Natasha P Siepser
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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14
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Jiang X, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Shao Y, Feng J. Etching-Engineered Low-Voltage Dielectrophoretic Nanotweezers for Trapping of Single Molecules. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12549-12555. [PMID: 34514774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the functions of biomolecules at the single-molecule level is crucial due to their important and diverse roles in cell regulation. Recently, nanotweezers made of dual carbon nanoelectrodes have been developed for single-cell biopsies by applying a high alternating voltage. However, high electric voltage can induce Joule heating, water electrolysis, and other side effects on cell activity, which may be unfavorable for cellular applications. Here, we report a low-voltage nanotweezer for trapping of single DNA molecules using etching-engineered nanoelectrodes which effectively reduce the minimum trapping voltage by six times. Meanwhile, the low-voltage nanotweezer displays an improved trapping stiffness. Based on the finite element method simulations, we attribute the mechanism for the low-voltage nanotweezers to the increase in spatial heterogeneity and nonuniformity of electric field by etching of quartz near the nanoelectrodes. This work opens a new dimension for noninvasive single-molecule manipulation in solution and potential applications in single-cell biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jiang
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuang Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiandong Feng
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Cao M, Wang H, Tang H, Zhao D, Li Y. Enzyme-Encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Formed Inside the Single Glass Nanopore: Catalytic Performance and Sensing Application. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12257-12264. [PMID: 34459201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can improve the stability and activity of enzymes under the MOF encapsulation. However, it remains a challenge to explore the effects of the MOF environment on enzymatic activity in a confined space. In this work, we immobilized the enzyme inside a glass nanopore to study the catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme in the MOF environment. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), which are used as the catalytic platforms. The HRP can catalyze 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) molecules to generate ABTS+ ions, and the change of the transmembrane ion current will be monitored in real time. As the concentration of H2O2 increases, the amount of produced ABTS+ will increase; thus, the ionic current increases. The effects of the MOF structure on enzyme activity and stability are also investigated. The HRP encapsulated in the MOF and modified inside the nanopore provides a novel and unlabeled design for studying enzymatic catalysis in a confined environment, which should have extensive applications in chemical-/bio-sensing, electrocatalysis, and fundamental electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Cao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
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16
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Chen B, Perry D, Teahan J, McPherson IJ, Edmondson J, Kang M, Valavanis D, Frenguelli BG, Unwin PR. Artificial Synapse: Spatiotemporal Heterogeneities in Dopamine Electrochemistry at a Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrode. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:6-10. [PMID: 36785735 PMCID: PMC9836071 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An artificial synapse is developed that mimics ultramicroelectrode (UME) amperometric detection of single cell exocytosis. It comprises the nanopipette of a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM), which delivers rapid pulses of neurotransmitter (dopamine) locally and on demand at >1000 defined locations of a carbon fiber (CF) UME in each experiment. Analysis of the resulting UME current-space-time data reveals spatiotemporal heterogeneous electrode activity on the nanoscale and submillisecond time scale for dopamine electrooxidation at typical UME detection potentials. Through complementary surface charge mapping and finite element method (FEM) simulations, these previously unseen variations in electrochemical activity are related to heterogeneities in the surface chemistry of the CF UME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - James Teahan
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - James Edmondson
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Valavanis
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno G. Frenguelli
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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17
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Liu L, Aoki KJ, Chen J. Microhole‐voltammograms Controlled by Solution Reservoir at Cationic and Anionic Ion Exchange Membranes. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Applied Physics University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui 910-0017 Japan
| | | | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Applied Physics University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui 910-0017 Japan
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18
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Zhang K, Wei H, Xiong T, Jiang Y, Ma W, Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. Micrometer-scale transient ion transport for real-time pH assay in living rat brains. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7369-7376. [PMID: 34163826 PMCID: PMC8171349 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion transport has been widely used for various applications such as sensing, desalination and energy conversion; however, nearly all applications are based on steady-state ion transport. Herein, we for the first time demonstrate the capability of transient ion transport for in vivo sensing with both high spatial (∼μm) and temporal (∼ms) resolution by using pH as the model target. Transient ion transport behavior (i.e., time-dependent ion current change) was observed by applying high-frequency pulse potential. Importantly, we proposed the ion distribution transient model for this time-dependent ion transport behavior. With this model, the temporal resolution of the as-developed pH microsensor based on ion current was improved to the ms level, thus satisfying the requirement of neurochemical recording. Moreover, our microsensor features good reproducibility, selectivity, and reversibility, and can thus real-time monitor the pH change in living rat brains. This study demonstrates the first example of in vivo sensing based on ion transport, opening a new way to neurochemical monitoring with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution. This study is also helpful to understand the transient process of asymmetric ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science Beijing 100190 China
- College of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Huan Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science Beijing 100190 China
- College of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tianyi Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science Beijing 100190 China
- College of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science Beijing 100190 China
- College of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science Beijing 100190 China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
- College of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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19
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Nakatsuka N, Faillétaz A, Eggemann D, Forró C, Vörös J, Momotenko D. Aptamer Conformational Change Enables Serotonin Biosensing with Nanopipettes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4033-4041. [PMID: 33596063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report artificial nanopores in the form of quartz nanopipettes with ca. 10 nm orifices functionalized with molecular recognition elements termed aptamers that reversibly recognize serotonin with high specificity and selectivity. Nanoscale confinement of ion fluxes, analyte-specific aptamer conformational changes, and related surface charge variations enable serotonin sensing. We demonstrate detection of physiologically relevant serotonin amounts in complex environments such as neurobasal media, in which neurons are cultured in vitro. In addition to sensing in physiologically relevant matrices with high sensitivity (picomolar detection limits), we interrogate the detection mechanism via complementary techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, we provide a novel theoretical model for structure-switching aptamer-modified nanopipette systems that supports experimental findings. Validation of specific and selective small-molecule detection, in parallel with mechanistic investigations, demonstrates the potential of conformationally changing aptamer-modified nanopipettes as rapid, label-free, and translatable nanotools for diverse biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Alix Faillétaz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Eggemann
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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20
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Cremin K, Jones BA, Teahan J, Meloni GN, Perry D, Zerfass C, Asally M, Soyer OS, Unwin PR. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Reveals Differences in the Ionic Environments of Gram-Positive and Negative Bacteria. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16024-16032. [PMID: 33241929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the use of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) to locally map the ionic properties and charge environment of two live bacterial strains: the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. SICM results find heterogeneities across the bacterial surface and significant differences among the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The bioelectrical environment of the B. subtilis was found to be considerably more negatively charged compared to E. coli. SICM measurements, fitted to a simplified finite element method (FEM) model, revealed surface charge values of -80 to -140 mC m-2 for the Gram-negative E. coli. The Gram-positive B. subtilis show a much higher conductivity around the cell wall, and surface charge values between -350 and -450 mC m-2 were found using the same simplified model. SICM was also able to detect regions of high negative charge near B. subtilis, not detected in the topographical SICM response and attributed to the extracellular polymeric substance. To further explore how the B. subtilis cell wall structure can influence the SICM current response, a more comprehensive FEM model, accounting for the physical properties of the Gram-positive cell wall, was developed. The new model provides a more realistic description of the cell wall and allows investigation of the relation between its key properties and SICM currents, building foundations to further investigate and improve understanding of the Gram-positive cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Cremin
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training (MAS CDT), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Bryn A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - James Teahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training (MAS CDT), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Gabriel N Meloni
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Christian Zerfass
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Munehiro Asally
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Orkun S Soyer
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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21
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Abstract
Nanofluidic systems offer new functionalities for the development of high sensitivity biosensors, but many of the interesting electrokinetic phenomena taking place inside or in the proximity of nanostructures are still not fully characterized. Here, to better understand the accumulation phenomena observed in fluidic systems with asymmetric nanostructures, we study the distribution of the ion concentration inside a long (more than 90 µm) micrometric funnel terminating with a nanochannel. We show numerical simulations, based on the finite element method, and analyze how the ion distribution changes depending on the average concentration of the working solutions. We also report on the effect of surface charge on the ion distribution inside a long funnel and analyze how the phenomena of ion current rectification depend on the applied voltage and on the working solution concentration. Our results can be used in the design and implementation of high-performance concentrators, which, if combined with high sensitivity detectors, could drive the development of a new class of miniaturized biosensors characterized by an improved sensitivity.
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22
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Li Y, Du G, Mao G, Guo J, Zhao J, Wu R, Liu W. Electrical Field Regulation of Ion Transport in Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanochannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38055-38060. [PMID: 31553570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rectified ion transport in nanochannels is the basis of ion channels in biological cells and has inspired emerging nanochannel applications in ion separation, Coulter counters, and biomolecule detection and nanochannel energy harvesters. In this work we fabricated a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) conical nanochannel using latent ion track etching technique and then systematically studied the ion transport and influence of cation species on the nanochannel surface with cyclic I-V measurement. We discovered the electrical regulation of the reversible and irreversible modification of the nanochannel transportation by bivalent and trivalent cations, revealing the existence of the switching threshold voltage which can control the current rectification in bivalent solution. The proposed mechanism of the transport state transition in the PET nanochannel mimics behaviors of voltage-gated biological ion channels. These findings provide new insight into the understanding of the ion channel signaling and translocation control of charged particles in nanochannel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guanghua Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guangbo Mao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jinlong Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ruqun Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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23
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Xiong T, Zhang K, Jiang Y, Yu P, Mao L. Ion current rectification: from nanoscale to microscale. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Chen B, Perry D, Page A, Kang M, Unwin PR. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy: Quantitative Nanopipette Delivery-Substrate Electrode Collection Measurements and Mapping. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2516-2524. [PMID: 30608117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is becoming a powerful multifunctional tool for probing and analyzing surfaces and interfaces. This work outlines methodology for the quantitative controlled delivery of ionic redox-active molecules from a nanopipette to a substrate electrode, with a high degree of spatial and temporal precision. Through control of the SICM bias applied between a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE) in the SICM nanopipette probe and a similar electrode in bulk solution, it is shown that ionic redox species can be held inside the nanopipette, and then pulse-delivered to a defined region of a substrate positioned beneath the nanopipette. A self-referencing hopping mode imaging protocol is implemented, where reagent is released in bulk solution (reference measurement) and near the substrate surface at each pixel in an image, with the tip and substrate currents measured throughout. Analysis of the tip and substrate current data provides an improved understanding of mass transport and nanoscale delivery in SICM and a new means of synchronously mapping electrode reactivity, surface topography, and charge. Experiments on Ru(NH3)63+ reduction to Ru(NH3)62+ and dopamine oxidation in aqueous solution at a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode (UME), used as the substrate, illustrate these aspects. Finite element method (FEM) modeling provides quantitative understanding of molecular delivery in SICM. The approach outlined constitutes a new methodology for electrode mapping and provides improved insights on the use of SICM for controlled delivery to interfaces generally.
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25
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Ramirez P, Manzanares JA, Cervera J, Gomez V, Ali M, Pause I, Ensinger W, Mafe S. Nanopore charge inversion and current-voltage curves in mixtures of asymmetric electrolytes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Zhang S, Yin X, Li M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Qin X, Zhu Z, Yang S, Shao Y. Ionic Current Behaviors of Dual Nano- and Micropipettes. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8592-8599. [PMID: 29939012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionic current rectification (ICR) phenomena within dual glass pipettes are investigated for the first time. We demonstrate that the ionic flow presents different behaviors in dual nano- and micropipettes when the two channels are filled with the same electrolyte KCl and hung in air. Bare dual nanopipettes cannot rectify the ionic current because of their geometric symmetry, but the ICR can be directly observed based on bare dual micropipettes. The phenomena based on dual micropipettes could be explained by the simulation of the Poisson-Nernst-Plank equation. After modification with different approaches, the dual nanopipettes have asymmetric charge patterns and show various ICR behaviors. They have been successfully employed to fabricate various nanodevices, such as ionic diodes and bipolar junction transistors. Due to the simple and fast fabrication with high reproducibility, these dual pipettes can provide a novel platform for controlling ionic flow in nano- and microfluidics, fabrication of novel nanodevices, and detection of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xianhao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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27
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Double layer effects in voltammetric measurements with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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He X, Zhang K, Liu Y, Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. Chaotropic Monovalent Anion‐Induced Rectification Inversion at Nanopipettes Modified by Polyimidazolium Brushes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4590-4593. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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29
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He X, Zhang K, Liu Y, Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. Chaotropic Monovalent Anion‐Induced Rectification Inversion at Nanopipettes Modified by Polyimidazolium Brushes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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30
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Abstract
Optimal voltages were found for particle detections, at which the current blockade ratio did not depend on surface charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Qiu
- Department of Physics
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
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31
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Experton J, Wu X, Martin CR. From Ion Current to Electroosmotic Flow Rectification in Asymmetric Nanopore Membranes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E445. [PMID: 29240676 PMCID: PMC5746935 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrically shaped nanopores have been shown to rectify the ionic current flowing through pores in a fashion similar to a p-n junction in a solid-state diode. Such asymmetric nanopores include conical pores in polymeric membranes and pyramidal pores in mica membranes. We review here both theoretical and experimental aspects of this ion current rectification phenomenon. A simple intuitive model for rectification, stemming from previously published more quantitative models, is discussed. We also review experimental results on controlling the extent and sign of rectification. It was shown that ion current rectification produces a related rectification of electroosmotic flow (EOF) through asymmetric pore membranes. We review results that show how to measure and modulate this EOF rectification phenomenon. Finally, EOF rectification led to the development of an electroosmotic pump that works under alternating current (AC), as opposed to the currently available direct current EOF pumps. Experimental results on AC EOF rectification are reviewed, and advantages of using AC to drive EOF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Experton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Charles R Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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32
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Jiang Y, Feng Y, Su J, Nie J, Cao L, Mao L, Jiang L, Guo W. On the Origin of Ionic Rectification in DNA-Stuffed Nanopores: The Breaking and Retrieving Symmetry. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18739-18746. [PMID: 29185744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of ionic current rectification (ICR) phenomena in synthetic nanofluidic systems elicits broad interest from interdisciplinary fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, and nanotechnology; and thus, boosts their applications in, for example, chemical sensing, fluidic pumping, and energy related aspects. So far, it is generally accepted that the ICR effect stems from the broken symmetry either in the nanofluidic structures, or in the environmental conditions. Although this empirical regularity is supported by numerous experimental and theoretical results, great challenge still remains to precisely figure out the correlation between the asymmetric ion transport properties and the degree of symmetry breaking. An appropriate and quantified measure is therefore highly demanded. Herein, taking DNA-stuffed nanopores as a model system, we systematically investigate the evolution of dynamic ICR in between two symmetric states. The fully stuffed and fully opened nanopores are symmetric; therefore, they exhibit linear ion transport behaviors. Once the stuffed DNA superstructures are asymmetrically removed from one end of the nanopore via aptamer-target interaction, the nanofluidic system becomes asymmetric and starts to rectify ionic current. The peak of ICR is found right before the breakthrough of the stuffed DNA forest. After that, the nanofluidic system gradually retrieves symmetry, and becomes non-rectified. Theoretical results by both the coarse-grained Poisson-Nernst-Planck model and the 1D statistic model excellently support the experimental observations, and further establish a quantified correlation between the ICR effect and the degree of asymmetry for different molecular filling configurations. Based on the ICR properties, we develop a proof-of-concept demonstration for sensing ATP, termed the ATP balance. These findings help to clarify the origin of ICR, and show implications to other asymmetric transport phenomena for future innovative nanofluidic devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianjian Su
- College of Energy, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Nie
- School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liuxuan Cao
- College of Energy, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
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33
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Wang D, Brown W, Li Y, Kvetny M, Liu J, Wang G. Correlation of Ion Transport Hysteresis with the Nanogeometry and Surface Factors in Single Conical Nanopores. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11811-11817. [PMID: 28975786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Better understanding in the dynamics of ion transport through nanopores or nanochannels is important for sensing, nucleic acid sequencing and energy technology. In this paper, the intriguing nonzero cross point, resolved from the pinched hysteresis current-potential (i-V) curves in conical nanopore electrokinetic measurements, is quantitatively correlated to the surface and geometric properties by simulation studies. The analytical descriptions of the conductance and potential at the cross point are developed: the cross-point conductance includes both the surface and volumetric conductance; the cross-point potential represent the overall/averaged surface potential difference across the nanopore. The impacts by individual parameter such as pore radius, half cone angle, and surface charges are systematically studied in the simulation that would be convoluted and challenging in experiments. The elucidated correlation is supported by and offer predictive guidance for experimental studies. The results also offer more quantitative and systematic insights in the physical origins of the concentration polarization dynamics in addition to ionic current rectification inside conical nanopores and other asymmetric nanostructures. Overall, the cross point serves as a simple yet informative analytical parameter to analyze the electrokinetic transport through broadly defined nanopore-type devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengchao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Warren Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Maksim Kvetny
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Gangli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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34
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Liu HL, Cao J, Hanif S, Yuan C, Pang J, Levicky R, Xia XH, Wang K. Size-Controllable Gold Nanopores with High SERS Activity. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10407-10413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiao Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sumaira Hanif
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunge Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Pang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rastislav Levicky
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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35
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Page A, Perry D, Unwin PR. Multifunctional scanning ion conductance microscopy. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160889. [PMID: 28484332 PMCID: PMC5415692 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a nanopipette-based technique that has traditionally been used to image topography or to deliver species to an interface, particularly in a biological setting. This article highlights the recent blossoming of SICM into a technique with a much greater diversity of applications and capability that can be used either standalone, with advanced control (potential-time) functions, or in tandem with other methods. SICM can be used to elucidate functional information about interfaces, such as surface charge density or electrochemical activity (ion fluxes). Using a multi-barrel probe format, SICM-related techniques can be employed to deposit nanoscale three-dimensional structures and further functionality is realized when SICM is combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), with simultaneous measurements from a single probe opening up considerable prospects for multifunctional imaging. SICM studies are greatly enhanced by finite-element method modelling for quantitative treatment of issues such as resolution, surface charge and (tip) geometry effects. SICM is particularly applicable to the study of living systems, notably single cells, although applications extend to materials characterization and to new methods of printing and nanofabrication. A more thorough understanding of the electrochemical principles and properties of SICM provides a foundation for significant applications of SICM in electrochemistry and interfacial science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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36
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Yao H, Zeng J, Zhai P, Li Z, Cheng Y, Liu J, Mo D, Duan J, Wang L, Sun Y, Liu J. Large Rectification Effect of Single Graphene Nanopore Supported by PET Membrane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11000-11008. [PMID: 28262018 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an ideal candidate for the development of solid state nanopores due to its thickness at the atomic scale and its high chemical and mechanical stabilities. A facile method was adopted to prepare single graphene nanopore supported by PET membrane (G/PET nanopore) within the three steps assisted by the swift heavy ion irradiation and asymmetric etching technology. The inversion of the ion rectification effect was confirmed in G/PET nanopore while comparing with bare PET nanopore in KCl electrolyte solution. By modifying the wall charge state of PET conical nanopore with hydrochloric acid from negative to positive, the ion rectification effect of G/PET nanopore was found to be greatly enhanced and the large rectification ratio up to 190 was obtained during this work. Moreover, the high ionic flux and high ion separation efficiency was also observed in the G/PET nanopore system. By comparing the "on" and "off" state conductance of G/PET nanopore while immersed in the solution with pH value lower than the isoelectric point of the etched PET (IEP, pH = 3.8), the voltage dependence of the off conductance was established and it was confirmed that the large rectification effect was strongly dependent on the particularly low off conductance at higher applied voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pengfei Zhai
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zongzhen Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaxiong Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiande Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan Mo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinglai Duan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lanxi Wang
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics , Feiyan Street 100, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Youmei Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
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37
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Wang Y, Wang D, Mirkin MV. Resistive-pulse and rectification sensing with glass and carbon nanopipettes. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160931. [PMID: 28413354 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with more prevalent solid-state nanopores, glass or quartz nanopipettes have found applications in resistive-pulse and rectification sensing. Their advantages include the ease of fabrication, small physical size and needle-like geometry, rendering them useful for local measurements in small spaces and delivery of nanoparticles/biomolecules. Carbon nanopipettes fabricated by depositing a thin carbon layer on the inner wall of a quartz pipette provide additional means for detecting electroactive species and fine-tuning the current rectification properties. In this paper, we discuss the fundamentals of resistive-pulse sensing with nanopipettes and our recent studies of current rectification in carbon pipettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Dengchao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Michael V Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
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38
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He X, Zhang K, Li T, Jiang Y, Yu P, Mao L. Micrometer-Scale Ion Current Rectification at Polyelectrolyte Brush-Modified Micropipets. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1396-1399. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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39
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Makra I, Brajnovits A, Jágerszki G, Fürjes P, Gyurcsányi RE. Potentiometric sensing of nucleic acids using chemically modified nanopores. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:739-747. [PMID: 27973633 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05886h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the overwhelming majority of nanopore sensors that are based on the measurement of a transpore ionic current, here we introduce a potentiometric sensing scheme and demonstrate its application for the selective detection of nucleic acids. The sensing concept uses the charge inversion that occurs in the sensing zone of a nanopore upon binding of negatively charged microRNA strands to positively charged peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) modified nanopores. The initial anionic permselectivity of PNA-modified nanopores is thus gradually changed to cationic permselectivity, which can be detected simply by measuring the nanoporous membrane potential. A quantitative theoretical treatment of the potentiometric microRNA response is provided based on the Nernst-Planck/Poisson model for the nanopore system assuming first order kinetics for the nucleic acid hybridization. An excellent correlation between the theoretical and experimental results was observed, which revealed that the binding process is focused at the nanopore entrance with contributions from both in pore and out of pore sections of the nanoporous membrane. The theoretical treatment is able to give clear guidelines for further optimization of potentiometric nanopore-based nucleic acid sensors by predicting the effect of the most important experimental parameters on the potential response.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Makra
- MTA-BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Alexandra Brajnovits
- MTA-BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Jágerszki
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Fürjes
- MTA Centre for Energy Research - Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege str. 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- MTA-BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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40
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Nonlinear dependence of the ion current rectification factor on bias voltage in conical nanopipettes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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41
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Wang D, Wang G. Dynamics of ion transport and electric double layer in single conical nanopores. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Yan Y, Wang Y, Senapati S, Schiffbauer J, Yossifon G, Chang HC. Robust ion current oscillations under a steady electric field: An ion channel analog. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:022613. [PMID: 27627366 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.022613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a nonlinear, nonequilibrium field-driven ion flux phenomenon, which unlike Teorell's nonlinear multiple field theory, requires only the application of one field: robust autonomous current-mass flux oscillations across a porous monolith coupled to a capillary with a long air bubble, which mimics a hydrophobic protein in an ion channel. The oscillations are driven by the hysteretic wetting dynamics of the meniscus when electro-osmotic flow and pressure driven backflow, due to bubble expansion, compete to approach zero mass flux within the monolith. Delayed rupture of the film around the advancing bubble cuts off the electric field and switches the monolith mass flow from the former to the latter. The meniscus then recedes and repairs the rupture to sustain an oscillation for a range of applied fields. This generic mechanism shares many analogs with current oscillations in cell membrane ion channel. At sufficiently high voltage, the system undergoes a state transition characterized by appearance of the ubiquitous 1/f power spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Jarrod Schiffbauer
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 32000, Israel
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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43
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Wu X, Ramiah Rajasekaran P, Martin CR. An Alternating Current Electroosmotic Pump Based on Conical Nanopore Membranes. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4637-43. [PMID: 27046145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Electroosmotic flow (EOF) is used to pump solutions through microfluidic devices and capillary electrophoresis columns. We describe here an EOF pump based on membrane EOF rectification, an electrokinetic phenomenon we recently described. EOF rectification requires membranes with asymmetrically shaped pores, and conical pores in a polymeric membrane were used here. We show here that solution flow through the membrane can be achieved by applying a symmetrical sinusoidal voltage waveform across the membrane. This is possible because the alternating current (AC) carried by ions through the pore is rectified, and we previously showed that rectified currents yield EOF rectification. We have investigated the effect of both the magnitude and frequency of the voltage waveform on flow rate through the membrane, and we have measured the maximum operating pressure. Finally, we show that operating in AC mode offers potential advantages relative to conventional DC-mode EOF pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | | | - Charles R Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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44
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Momotenko D, McKelvey K, Kang M, Meloni GN, Unwin PR. Simultaneous Interfacial Reactivity and Topography Mapping with Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2838-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Momotenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Kim McKelvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel N. Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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45
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Electrical network of nanofluidic diodes in electrolyte solutions: Connectivity and coupling to electronic elements. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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46
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Ramirez P, Gomez V, Cervera J, Nasir S, Ali M, Ensinger W, Siwy Z, Mafe S. Voltage-controlled current loops with nanofluidic diodes electrically coupled to solid state capacitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofluidic diodes electrically coupled to solid state capacitors show electrical properties reminiscent of a resistor with memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ramirez
- Departament de Física Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46022 València
- Spain
| | - V. Gomez
- Departament de Física Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46022 València
- Spain
| | - J. Cervera
- Departament de Física de la Tierra i Termodinàmica
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - S. Nasir
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - W. Ensinger
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Z. Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - S. Mafe
- Departament de Física de la Tierra i Termodinàmica
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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47
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Rosentsvit L, Wang W, Schiffbauer J, Chang HC, Yossifon G. Ion current rectification in funnel-shaped nanochannels: Hysteresis and inversion effects. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:224706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4936915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Rosentsvit
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 32000, Israel
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jarrod Schiffbauer
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 32000, Israel
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 32000, Israel
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48
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Zhai Q, Zhang X, Han Y, Zhai J, Li J, Wang E. A Nanoscale Multichannel Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for Electrochemiluminescence Sensing Platform. Anal Chem 2015; 88:945-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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49
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Small LJ, Wheeler DR, Spoerke ED. Nanoporous membranes with electrochemically switchable, chemically stabilized ionic selectivity. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:16909-20. [PMID: 26411335 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02939b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore size, shape, and surface charge all play important roles in regulating ionic transport through nanoporous membranes. The ability to control these parameters in situ provides a means to create ion transport systems tunable in real time. Here, we present a new strategy to address this challenge, utilizing three unique electrochemically switchable chemistries to manipulate the terminal functional group and control the resulting surface charge throughout ensembles of gold plated nanopores in ion-tracked polycarbonate membranes 3 cm(2) in area. We demonstrate the diazonium mediated surface functionalization with (1) nitrophenyl chemistry, (2) quinone chemistry, and (3) previously unreported trimethyl lock chemistry. Unlike other works, these chemistries are chemically stabilized, eliminating the need for a continuously applied gate voltage to maintain a given state and retain ionic selectivity. The effect of surface functionalization and nanopore geometry on selective ion transport through these functionalized membranes is characterized in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride at pH = 5.7. The nitrophenyl surface allows for ionic selectivity to be irreversibly switched in situ from cation-selective to anion-selective upon reduction to an aminophenyl surface. The quinone-terminated surface enables reversible changes between no ionic selectivity and a slight cationic selectivity. Alternatively, the trimethyl lock allows ionic selectivity to be reversibly switched by up to a factor of 8, approaching ideal selectivity, as a carboxylic acid group is electrochemically revealed or hidden. By varying the pore shape from cylindrical to conical, it is demonstrated that a controllable directionality can be imparted to the ionic selectivity. Combining control of nanopore geometry with stable, switchable chemistries facilitates superior control of molecular transport across the membrane, enabling tunable ion transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo J Small
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM, USA 87185.
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50
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Yin X, Zhang S, Dong Y, Liu S, Gu J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Shao Y. Ionic Current Rectification in Organic Solutions with Quartz Nanopipettes. Anal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yitong Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianhao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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