1
|
Khatun M, Paul S, Roy S, Dey S, Anoop A. Performance of Density Functionals and Semiempirical 3c Methods for Small Gold-Thiolate Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2242-2257. [PMID: 36877153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
In light of the recent surge in computational studies of gold thiolate clusters, we present a comparison of popular density functionals (DFAs) and three-part corrected methods (3c-methods) on their performance by taking a data set named as AuSR18 consisting of 18 isomers of Aun(SCH3)m (m ≤ n = 1-3). We have compared the efficiency and accuracy of the DFAs and 3c-methods in geometry optimization with RI-SCS-MP2 as the reference method. Similarly, the performance for accurate and efficient energy evaluation was compared with DLPNO-CCSD(T) as the reference method. The lowest energy structure among the isomers of the largest stoichiometry from our data set, AuSR18, i.e., Au3(SCH3)3, is considered to evaluate the computational time for SCF and gradient evaluations. Alongside this, the numbers of optimization steps to locate the most stable minima of Au3(SCH3)3 are compared to assess the efficiency of the methods. A comparison of relevant bond lengths with the reference geometries was made to estimate the accuracy in geometry optimization. Some methods, such as LC-BLYP, ωB97M-D3BJ, M06-2X, and PBEh-3c, could not locate many of the minima found by most of the other methods; thus, the versatility in locating various minima is also an important criterion in choosing a method for the given project. To determine the accuracy of the methods, we compared the relative energies of the isomers in each stoichiometry and the interaction energy of the gold core with the ligands. The dependence of basis set size and relativistic effects on energies are also compared. The following are some of the highlights. TPSS has shown accuracy, while mPWPW shows comparable speed and accuracy. For the relative energies of the clusters, the hybrid range-separated DFAs are the best option. CAM-B3LYP excels, whereas B3LYP performs poorly. Overall, LC-BLYP is a balanced performer considering both the geometry and relative stability of the structures, but it lacks diversity. The 3c-methods, although fast, are less impressive in relative stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Saikat Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Subhasis Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao YL, Bi S, Wang Y, Li J, Su T, Gao X. Co-ligand triphenylphosphine/alkynyl-stabilized undecagold nanocluster with a capped crown structure. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11047-11051. [PMID: 35425070 PMCID: PMC8989085 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and crystal structure of novel co-ligand phosphine/alkynyl protected Au nanoclusters, with composition [Au11(PPh3)8(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh-CF3)2](SbF6) (1). The gold atoms in the cluster as a capped crown structure subtend C 3v symmetry with one deriving from a central icosahedron and 10 peripheral Au atoms, and all alkynides are exclusively σ coordination bonding. The mean core diameter is about 5.1 Å and the overall van der Waals diameter can be estimated to be 20.5 Å. The optical absorbance of 1 in solution reveals characteristic peaks at 384 and 426 nm and a shoulder between 450 and 550 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Shiqing Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Ting Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Xuchun Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sonia, Komal, Kukreti S, Kaushik M. Gold nanoclusters: An ultrasmall platform for multifaceted applications. Talanta 2021; 234:122623. [PMID: 34364432 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with a core size below 2 nm form an exciting class of functional nano-materials with characteristic physical and chemical properties. The properties of Au NCs are more prominent and extremely different from their bulk counterparts. The synthesis of Au NCs is generally assisted by template or ligand, which impart excellent cluster stability and high quantum yield. The tunable and sensitive physicochemical properties of Au NCs open horizons for their advanced applications in various interdisciplinary fields. In this review, we briefly summarize the solution phase synthesis and origin of the characteristic properties of Au NCs. A vast review of recent research work introducing biosensors based on Au NCs has been presented along with their specifications and detection limits. This review also highlights recent progress in the use of Au NCs as bio-imaging probe, enzyme mimic, temperature sensing probe and catalysts. A speculation on present challenges and certain future prospects have also been provided to enlighten the path for advancement of multifaceted applications of Au NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Komal
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mahima Kaushik
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han W, Liu P, Zheng M, Zeng XC, Xu WW. Ring Model for Understanding How Interfacial Interaction Dictates the Structures of Protection Motifs and Gold Cores in Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3006-3013. [PMID: 33733772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of interfacial interactions between the protection motifs and gold cores on the stabilities of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters is still a challenging task. Based on analyses of 95 experimentally crystallized and theoretically predicted thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters, we present a ring model to offer a deeper insight into the interfacial interactions for this class of nanoclusters. In the ring model, all the gold nanoclusters can be generically viewed as a fusion or interlocking of several [Aum(SR)n] (m = 4-8, 10, and 12 and 0 ≤ n ≤ m) rings. Guided by the ring model and the grand unified model, a new Au42(SR)26 isomer is predicted, whose total energy is lower than those of two previously crystallized isomers. The ring model offers a mechanistic understanding of the interactions between the protection ligands and gold cores and practical guidance on predicting new gold nanoclusters for future experimental synthesis and confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Han
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Pengye Liu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengke Zheng
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Higaki T, Du X, Jin R. Chirality and Surface Bonding Correlation in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905488. [PMID: 32181554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and occurs at all length scales. The development of applications for chiral nanostructures is rising rapidly. With the recent achievements of atomically precise nanochemistry, total structures of ligand-protected Au and other metal nanoclusters (NCs) are successfully obtained, and the origins of chirality are discovered to be associated with different parts of the cluster, including the surface ligands (e.g., swirl patterns), the organic-inorganic interface (e.g., helical stripes), and the kernel. Herein, a unified picture of metal-ligand surface bonding-induced chirality for the nanoclusters is proposed. The different bonding modes of M-X (where M = metal and X = the binding atom of ligand) lead to different surface structures on nanoclusters, which in turn give rise to various characteristic features of chirality. A comparison of Au-thiolate NCs with Au-phosphine ones further reveals the important roles of surface bonding. Compared to the Au-thiolate NCs, the Ag/Cu/Cd-thiolate systems exhibit different coordination modes between the metal and the thiolate. Other than thiolate and phosphine ligands, alkynyls are also briefly discussed. Several methods of obtaining chiroptically active nanoclusters are introduced, such as enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography and enantioselective synthesis. Future perspectives on chiral NCs are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Wang P, Pei Y. From Monolayer-Protected Gold Cluster to Monolayer-Protected Gold-Sulfide Cluster: Geometrical and Electronic Structure Evolutions of Au 60S n (SR) 36 ( n = 0-12). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16901-16911. [PMID: 32685859 PMCID: PMC7366352 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters are usually formulated as AuNSR[Au(I)-SR] x , where AuN and SR[Au(I)-SR] x (x = 0, 1, 2, ...) are the inner gold core and outer protection motifs, respectively. In this work, we theoretically envision a new family of S-atom-doped thiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters, namely, Au60S n (SR)36 (n = 0-12). A distinct feature of Au60S n (SR)36 nanoclusters (NCs) is that they show a gradual transition from the monolayer-protected metal NC to the SR[Au(I)-(SR)] x oligomer-protected gold-sulfide cluster with the increase of the number of doping S atoms. The possible formation mechanism of the S-atom-doped thiolate-protected gold cluster is investigated, and the size-dependent stability and electronic and optical absorption properties of Au60S n (SR)36 are explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that doping of S atom significantly tails the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap and optical absorption properties of thiolate-protected gold cluster, representing a promising way to fabricate new monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Structural distortion and electron redistribution in dual-emitting gold nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2897. [PMID: 32518297 PMCID: PMC7283347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the complicated excited-state process is critical for the development of luminescent materials with controllable emissions in different applications. Here we report the emergence of a photo-induced structural distortion accompanied by an electron redistribution in a series of gold nanoclusters. Such unexpected slow process of excited-state transformation results in near-infrared dual emission with extended photoluminescent lifetime. We demonstrate that this dual emission exhibits highly sensitive and ratiometric response to solvent polarity, viscosity, temperature and pressure. Thus, a versatile luminescent nano-sensor for multiple environmental parameters is developed based on this strategy. Furthermore, we fully unravel the atomic-scale structural origin of this unexpected excited-state transformation, and demonstrate control over the transition dynamics by tailoring the bi-tetrahedral core structures of gold nanoclusters. Overall, this work provides a substantial advance in the excited-state physical chemistry of luminescent nanoclusters and a general strategy for the rational design of next-generation nano-probes, sensors and switches.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu WW, Lin D, Fu J, Zhao W, Duan X, Zeng XC. Chiral Au 22(SR) 17-: a new ligand-binding strategy for structural prediction of thiolate-protected gold nanocluster. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2995-2998. [PMID: 32043505 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new atomic structure of chiral thiolate-protected gold nanocluster Au22(SR)17- is predicted on the basis of the new ligand-binding strategy, namely, redistributing the Au-S "staple" motifs on the well-known Au10 core from previously laboratory-determined Au21(SR)15 crystal structure. Density functional theory calculations show that this structure is very likely the realistic structure for the synthesized Au22(SR)17-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. and Laboratory of Clean Energy Storage and Conversion, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. and Laboratory of Clean Energy Storage and Conversion, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. and Laboratory of Clean Energy Storage and Conversion, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. and Laboratory of Clean Energy Storage and Conversion, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiangmei Duan
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. and Laboratory of Clean Energy Storage and Conversion, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin D, Zheng M, Xu WW. Structural predictions of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters via the redistribution of Au–S “staple” motifs on known cores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16624-16629. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01661f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Four structures of gold nanoclusters were predicted via the redistribution of Au–S motifs on known cores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- Department of Physics
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Mengke Zheng
- Department of Physics
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cowan MJ, Mpourmpakis G. Towards elucidating structure of ligand-protected nanoclusters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9191-9202. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developing a centralized database for ligand-protected nanoclusters can fuel machine learning and data-science-based approaches towards theoretical structure prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Cowan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Comby-Zerbino C, Perić M, Bertorelle F, Chirot F, Dugourd P, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Antoine R. Catenane Structures of Homoleptic Thioglycolic Acid-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Evidenced by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry and DFT Calculations. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030457. [PMID: 30893867 PMCID: PMC6474107 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected metal nanoclusters have highly size- and structure-dependent physicochemical properties and are a promising class of nanomaterials. As a consequence, for the rationalization of their synthesis and for the design of new clusters with tailored properties, a precise characterization of their composition and structure at the atomic level is required. We report a combined ion mobility-mass spectrometry approach with density functional theory (DFT) calculations for determination of the structural and optical properties of ultra-small gold nanoclusters protected by thioglycolic acid (TGA) as ligand molecules, Au10(TGA)10. Collision cross-section (CCS) measurements are reported for two charge states. DFT optimized geometrical structures are used to compute CCSs. The comparison of the experimentally- and theoretically-determined CCSs allows concluding that such nanoclusters have catenane structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Comby-Zerbino
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Martina Perić
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Franck Bertorelle
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Fabien Chirot
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Univ Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pei Y, Wang P, Ma Z, Xiong L. Growth-Rule-Guided Structural Exploration of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:23-33. [PMID: 30548076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure and structure-property relationship of atomic and ligated clusters is one of the central research tasks in the field of cluster research. In chemistry, empirical rules such as the polyhedral skeleton electron pair theory (PSEPT) approach had been outlined to account for skeleton structures of many main-group atomic and ligand-protected transition metal clusters. Nonetheless, because of the diversity of cluster structures and compositions, no uniform structural and electronic rule is available for various cluster compounds. Exploring new cluster structures and their evolution is a hot topic in the field of cluster research for both experiment and theory. In this Account, we introduce our recent progress in the theoretical exploration of structures and evolution patterns of a class of atomically precise thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters using density functional theory computations. Unlike the conventional ligand-protected transition metal compounds, the thiolate-protected gold clusters demonstrate novel metal core/ligand shell interfacial structures in which the Au m(SR) n clusters can be divided into an ordered Au(0) core and a group of oligomeric SR[Au(SR)] x ( x = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...) protection motifs. Guided by this "inherent structure rule", we have devised theoretical methods to rapidly explore cluster structures that do not necessarily require laborious global potential energy surface searches. The structural predictions of Au38(SR)24, Au24(SR)20, and Au44(SR)28 nanoclusters were completely or partially verified by the later X-ray crystallography studies. On the basis of the analysis of cluster structures determined by X-ray crystallography and theoretical prediction, a structural evolution diagram for the face-centered-cubic (fcc)-type Au m(SR) n clusters with m up to 92 has been preliminarily established. The structural evolution diagram indicates some basic structural and electronic evolution patterns of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. The fcc Au m(SR) n clusters show a genetic structural evolution pattern in which each step of cluster size increase results in the formation of another Au4 tetrahedron or Au3 triangle unit in the Au core, and every increase of a structural unit in the Au core leads to an increase of two electrons in the whole cluster. The unique one- or two-dimensional cluster size evolution, the isomerism of the Au-S framework, and the formation of a double-helical and cyclic tetrahedron network in the fcc Au m(SR) n clusters all can be addressed from this evolution pattern. The summarized cluster structural evolution diagrams enable us to further explore more stable cluster structures and understand their structure-electronic structure-property relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pei
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Zhongyun Ma
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li H, Song Y, Lv Y, Yun Y, Lv X, Yu H, Zhu M. Unexpected Observation of Heavy Monomeric Motifs in a Basket-like Au26Ag22 Nanocluster. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:1724-1727. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yapei Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xinrou Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang Q, Hu G, Fung V, Jiang DE. Insights into Interfaces, Stability, Electronic Properties, and Catalytic Activities of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters from First Principles. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2793-2802. [PMID: 30398051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise, ligand-protected metal nanoclusters are of great interest for their well-defined structures, intriguing physicochemical properties, and potential applications in catalysis, biology, and nanotechnology. Their structure precision provides many opportunities to correlate their geometries, stability, electronic properties, and catalytic activities by closely integrating theory and experiment. In this Account, we highlight recent theoretical advances from our efforts to understand the metal-ligand interfaces, the energy landscape, the electronic structure and optical absorption, and the catalytic applications of atomically precise metal nanoclusters. We mainly focus on gold nanoclusters. The bonding motifs and energetics at the gold-ligand interfaces are two main interests from a computational perspective. For the gold-thiolate interface, the -RS-Au-SR- staple motif is not always preferred; in fact, the bridging motif (-SR-) is preferred at the more open facets such as Au(100) and Au(110). This finding helps understand the diversity of the gold-thiolate motifs for different core geometries and sizes. A great similarity is demonstrated between gold-thiolate and gold-alkynyl interfaces, regarding formation of the staple-type motifs with PhC≡C- as an example. In addition, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) without bulky groups also form the staple-type motif. Alkynyls and bulky NHCs have the strongest binding with the gold surface from comparing 27 ligands of six types, suggesting a potential to synthesize NHC-protected gold clusters. The energy landscape of nanosystems is usually complex, but experimental progress in synthesizing clusters of the same Au-S composition with different R groups and isomers of the same Au n(SR) m formula have made detailed theoretical analyses of energetic contributions possible. Ligand-ligand interactions turn out to play an important role in the cluster stability, while metastable isomers can be obtained via kinetic control. Although the superatom-complex theory is the starting point to understand the electronic structure of atomically precise gold clusters, other factors also greatly affect the orbital levels that manifest themselves in the experimental optical absorption spectra. For example, spin-orbit coupling needs to be included to reproduce the splitting of the HOMO-LUMO transition observed experimentally for Au25(SR)18-, the poster child of the family. In addition, doping can lead to structural changes and charge states that do not follow the superatomic electron count. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are an ideal system for understanding nanocatalysis due to their well-defined structures. Active sites and catalytic mechanisms are explored for selective hydrogenation and hydrogen evolution on thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters with and without dopants. The behavior of H in nanogold is analyzed in detail, and the most promising site to attract H is found to be coordinately unsaturated Au atoms. Many insights have been gained from first-principles studies of atomically precise, ligand-protected gold nanoclusters. Interesting and important questions remaining to be addressed are pointed out in the end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guoxiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Victor Fung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu WW, Zeng XC, Gao Y. Application of Electronic Counting Rules for Ligand-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2739-2747. [PMID: 30289239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding special stability of numerous ligand-protected gold nanoclusters has always been an active area of research. In the past few decades, several theoretical models, including the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (PSEPT), superatom complex (SAC), and superatom network (SAN), among others, have been developed for better understanding the stabilities and structures of selected ligand-protected gold nanoclusters. This Account overviews the recently proposed grand unified model (GUM) to offer some new insights into the structures and growth mechanism of nearly all crystallized and predicted ligand-protected gold nanoclusters. The main conceptual advancement of the GUM is identification of the duet and octet rules on the basis of the "big data" of 70+ reported ligand-protected gold nanoclusters. According to the two empirical rules, the cores of the gold nanoclusters can be regarded as being composed of two kinds of elementary blocks (namely, triangle Au3 and tetrahedron Au4), each having 2 e closed-shell valence electrons (referred as Au3(2 e) and Au4(2 e)), as well as the secondary block (icosahedron Au13) with 8 e closed-shell valence electrons (referred as Au13(8 e)). The two elementary blocks (Au3(2 e) and Au4(2 e)) and the secondary block (Au13(8 e)), from electron counting point of view, can be regarded as an analogy of the highly stable noble-gas atoms of He and Ne, respectively. In each elementary block, the Au atoms exhibit three different valence-electron states (i.e., 1 e, 0.5 e, and 0 e), depending on the type of ligands bonded with these Au atoms. Such three valence-electron states are coined as three "flavors" of gold (namely, bottom, middle, and top "flavor"), a term borrowed from the quark model in the particle physics. Upon application of the duet and octet rules with accounting the three valence states of gold atoms, the Au3(2 e), Au4(2 e), and Au13(8 e) blocks can exhibit 10 (denoted as Δ1-Δ10), 15 (denoted as T1-T15), and 91 (denoted as I1-I91) variants of valence states, respectively. When packing these blocks (with distinct electronic states) together, it forms the gold core of ligand-protected gold nanocluster. As such, the special stabilities of the ligand-protected gold nanoclusters are explained based on the local stability of each block. With GUM, rich and complex structures of ligand-protected gold nanoclusters have been analyzed through structure anatomy. Moreover, the growth of these clusters can be simply viewed as sequential addition of the blocks, rather than as addition of the gold atoms. Another useful application of the GUM is to analyze the structural isomerism. The three types of isomerism for the gold nanoclusters, i.e., core, staple, and complex isomerism, can be considered as an analogy of chain, point, and functional isomerism (known in organic chemistry), respectively. GUM can be applied to predict new clusters, thereby guiding experimental synthesis. Indeed, a number of ligand-protected gold nanoclusters with high stabilities were rationally designed based on the GUM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu Xu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grajciar L, Heard CJ, Bondarenko AA, Polynski MV, Meeprasert J, Pidko EA, Nachtigall P. Towards operando computational modeling in heterogeneous catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8307-8348. [PMID: 30204184 PMCID: PMC6240816 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increased synergy between experimental and theoretical investigations in heterogeneous catalysis has become apparent during the last decade. Experimental work has extended from ultra-high vacuum and low temperature towards operando conditions. These developments have motivated the computational community to move from standard descriptive computational models, based on inspection of the potential energy surface at 0 K and low reactant concentrations (0 K/UHV model), to more realistic conditions. The transition from 0 K/UHV to operando models has been backed by significant developments in computer hardware and software over the past few decades. New methodological developments, designed to overcome part of the gap between 0 K/UHV and operando conditions, include (i) global optimization techniques, (ii) ab initio constrained thermodynamics, (iii) biased molecular dynamics, (iv) microkinetic models of reaction networks and (v) machine learning approaches. The importance of the transition is highlighted by discussing how the molecular level picture of catalytic sites and the associated reaction mechanisms changes when the chemical environment, pressure and temperature effects are correctly accounted for in molecular simulations. It is the purpose of this review to discuss each method on an equal footing, and to draw connections between methods, particularly where they may be applied in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Grajciar
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
| | - Christopher J. Heard
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
| | - Anton A. Bondarenko
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Polynski
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
| | - Jittima Meeprasert
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group
, Department of Chemical Engineering
, Faculty of Applied Sciences
, Delft University of Technology
,
Van der Maasweg 9
, 2629 HZ Delft
, The Netherlands
.
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group
, Department of Chemical Engineering
, Faculty of Applied Sciences
, Delft University of Technology
,
Van der Maasweg 9
, 2629 HZ Delft
, The Netherlands
.
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao Q, Yuan X, Chen T, Leong DT, Xie J. Engineering Functional Metal Materials at the Atomic Level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802751. [PMID: 30118559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With continuous research efforts devoted into synthesis and characterization chemistry of functional nanomaterials in the past decades, the development of metal materials is stepping into a new era, where atom-by-atom customization of property-dictating structural attributes is expected. Herein, the state-of-the-art modulation of functional metal nanomaterials at the atomic level, by size- and structure-controlled synthesis of thiolate-protected metal (e.g., Au and Ag) nanoclusters (NCs), is exemplified. Metal NCs are ultrasmall (<3 nm) particles with hierarchical primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, reminiscent of natural proteins or enzymes. Given the proven dependence of their physicochemical properties on their size and structure, documented synthetic methodologies delivering NCs with atomic-level monodispersity and tailorable size and structural attributes at individual hierarchical levels are categorized and discussed. Such assured atomic-level modulation could confer metal NCs with novel application opportunities in diverse fields, which are also exemplified by their size- and structure-dictated catalytic and biomedical performance. The precise synthesis and application chemistry developed based on the hierarchical structure scheme of metal NCs could increase the acceptance of metal NCs as a new family of functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266042, China
| | - Tiankai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Chai X, Cheng X, Zhu Y. Structure-Specific Catalytic Oxidation with O2
by Isomers in Au28
(SR)20
Nanoclusters. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; No. 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xiaoqi Chai
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; No. 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xinglian Cheng
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; No. 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; No. 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang P, Sun X, Liu X, Xiong L, Ma Z, Wang Y, Pei Y. A revisit to the structure of Au 20(SCH 2CH 2Ph) 16: a cubic nanocrystal-like gold kernel. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10357-10364. [PMID: 29796459 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Coinage metal clusters stabilized by organic ligands such as phosphine or organothiolate are well known to possess multi-twinned gold cores, and the face-centered-cubic (fcc) metal atom packing is unstable until the cluster size reaches a certain threshold. In this study, we searched for the smallest size gold nanocrystal protected by thiolate ligands by means of the crystal facet cleavage (CFC) method. Starting from the nanocrystal-like Au28(SR)20 cluster, after cleaving two different crystal facets and patching the ligand shells, we obtained five nanocrystal-like Au20(SR)16 isomers. These fcc-structured Au20 clusters were quite different from non-fcc Au20(SPh-tBu)16; the latter's total structure was determined by single X-ray diffraction. By employing dispersion correction density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations and considering ligand effects, we found that fcc-structured Au20(SR)16 isomers had comparable or even lower energies when compared with the non-fcc structure found in Au20(SPh-tBu)16. Furthermore, the calculation of optical absorption spectra based on predicted fcc isomers indicated that the cubic nanocrystal-like isomer structure is a good candidate to understand the structure of the Au20(SCH2CH2Ph)16 cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma M, Liu L, Zhu H, Lu J, Tan G. Structural evolution and properties of small-size thiol-protected gold nanoclusters. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1457804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ma
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liren Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengjiang Zhu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Luminescence Materials and Micro structures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junzhe Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Luminescence Materials and Micro structures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiping Tan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shen H, Mizuta T. An Alkynyl-Stabilized Pt5Ag22Cluster Featuring a Two-Dimensional Alkynyl-Platinum “Crucifix Motif”. Chemistry 2017; 23:17885-17888. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Higaki T, Liu C, Zhou M, Luo TY, Rosi NL, Jin R. Tailoring the Structure of 58-Electron Gold Nanoclusters: Au103S2(S-Nap)41 and Its Implications. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9994-10001. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tian-Yi Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Taylor MG, Mpourmpakis G. Thermodynamic stability of ligand-protected metal nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15988. [PMID: 28685777 PMCID: PMC5504301 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great advances in synthesis and structural determination of atomically precise, thiolate-protected metal nanoclusters, our understanding of the driving forces for their colloidal stabilization is very limited. Currently there is a lack of models able to describe the thermodynamic stability of these 'magic-number' colloidal nanoclusters as a function of their atomic-level structural characteristics. Herein, we introduce the thermodynamic stability theory, derived from first principles, which is able to address stability of thiolate-protected metal nanoclusters as a function of the number of metal core atoms and thiolates on the nanocluster shell. Surprisingly, we reveal a fine energy balance between the core cohesive energy and the shell-to-core binding energy that appears to drive nanocluster stabilization. Our theory applies to both charged and neutral systems and captures a large number of experimental observations. Importantly, it opens new avenues for accelerating the discovery of stable, atomically precise, colloidal metal nanoclusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma Z, Wang P, Xiong L, Pei Y. Thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters: structural prediction and the understandings of electronic stability from first principles simulations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu WW, Zeng XC, Gao Y. Au13(8e): A secondary block for describing a special group of liganded gold clusters containing icosahedral Au13 motifs. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
26
|
Xiong L, Peng B, Ma Z, Wang P, Pei Y. A ten-electron (10e) thiolate-protected Au 29(SR) 19 cluster: structure prediction and a 'gold-atom insertion, thiolate-group elimination' mechanism. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2895-2902. [PMID: 28177034 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09612c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structure of a ten-electron (10e) thiolate-protected gold cluster, denoted as Au29(SR)19, was theoretically predicted. Based on the prediction of the atomic structure of the 10e Au29(SR)19 cluster, we proposed a novel 'gold-atom insertion, thiolate-group elimination' mechanism to understand the structural evolution of the face-centered-cubic (fcc) thiolate-protected gold clusters. The key step of structural evolution from Au28(SR)20 to Au29(SR)19 and then to the Au30(SR)18 cluster, i.e. the growth of triangle-Au3 units in the gold cores, is understood from the first insertion of an exterior Au(0) atom into the ligand shell and then cleavage of μ3-SR groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, P. R. China.
| | - Baoliang Peng
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Nano Chemistry (KLNC), Petrochina, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyun Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, P. R. China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu L, Yuan J, Cheng L, Yang J. New insights into the stability and structural evolution of some gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:856-861. [PMID: 27995234 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the stability and structural patterns is important for precisely synthesizing or assembling ligand protected nanoclusters, and even their applications as functional nanomaterials. Investigations on structural evolutional patterns and structural stability are very challenging, because structures change with the nanocluster size and the structural stability depends on both the electron structures of cores and ligand type. Herein, we propose a hybrid superatom network (hSAN) model to understand the stability of some gold nanoclusters with different kinds of ligands. In this model, 4c-2e superatom Au4 can form conjugated superatom networks by vertex sharing, and ligands further connect the conjugated superatom networks together to form a bigger complex network, i.e. a hSAN. The stability of the clusters, including [Au24(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)14(PPh3)4]2+, Au28(S-c-C6H11)20, Au36(SCH2Ph-tBu)8Cl20, Au40(O-MBT)24 and Au52(TBBT)32 can be explained uniformly by the hSAN model. Beyond that, a new heuristic structural pattern named the Au13 topological rule is proposed. In the light of this heuristic rule, every Au7 bi-tetrahedral kernel is included in an Au13 structure with quasi-Oh symmetry, i.e. as long as the Au7 bi-tetrahedral kernel is formed, it will be surrounded by six Au atoms to form an Au13 structure topologically. According to this understanding, a new nanocluster [Au44(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH3)26(PCH3)4]2+ and a new nanowire with the structural evolutional formula [Au(20n+4)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH3)(12n+2)(PCH3)4]2+ (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, …) are predicted. Both the understanding of the stability and the structure rule are free from the type of ligand, and will be useful for the structural predictions and determinations of ligand protected gold nanoclusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liren Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
A grand unified model (GUM) is developed to achieve fundamental understanding of rich structures of all 71 liganded gold clusters reported to date. Inspired by the quark model by which composite particles (for example, protons and neutrons) are formed by combining three quarks (or flavours), here gold atoms are assigned three 'flavours' (namely, bottom, middle and top) to represent three possible valence states. The 'composite particles' in GUM are categorized into two groups: variants of triangular elementary block Au3(2e) and tetrahedral elementary block Au4(2e), all satisfying the duet rule (2e) of the valence shell, akin to the octet rule in general chemistry. The elementary blocks, when packed together, form the cores of liganded gold clusters. With the GUM, structures of 71 liganded gold clusters and their growth mechanism can be deciphered altogether. Although GUM is a predictive heuristic and may not be necessarily reflective of the actual electronic structure, several highly stable liganded gold clusters are predicted, thereby offering GUM-guided synthesis of liganded gold clusters by design.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jin R, Zeng C, Zhou M, Chen Y. Atomically Precise Colloidal Metal Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles: Fundamentals and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10346-413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1953] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen S, Xiong L, Wang S, Ma Z, Jin S, Sheng H, Pei Y, Zhu M. Total Structure Determination of Au21(S-Adm)15 and Geometrical/Electronic Structure Evolution of Thiolated Gold Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10754-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry
and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyun Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry
and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry
and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Segala M, Schneider FSS, Caramori GF, Parreira RLT. Evaluation of Electron Donation as a Mechanism for the Stabilisation of Chalcogenate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3102-3111. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Segala
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Felipe S. S. Schneider
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Campus Universitário Trindade, CP 476 Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Giovanni F. Caramori
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Campus Universitário Trindade, CP 476 Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Renato L. T. Parreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Franca SP 14404-600 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bu Y, Zhao M, He Y, Gao W, Jiang Q. Local Geometric Effects on Stability and Energy Gap of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2998-3003. [PMID: 27324466 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- YiFan Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; 130022 Changchun P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; 130022 Changchun P.R. China
| | - Yuquan He
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Sino-Japan Friendship Hospital; Jilin University; 130033 Changchun P.R. China
| | - Wang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; 130022 Changchun P.R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; 130022 Changchun P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang H, Li X, Gao L, Zhai J, Liu R, Gao X, Wang D, Zhao L. Atomic structure of a peptide coated gold nanocluster identified using theoretical and experimental studies. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11454-11460. [PMID: 27193193 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptide coated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have a precise molecular formula and atomic structure, which are critical for their unique applications in targeting specific proteins either for protein analysis or drug design. To date, a study of the crystal structure of peptide coated AuNCs is absent primarily due to the difficulty of obtaining their crystalline phases in an experiment. Here we study a typical peptide coated AuNC (Au24Peptide8, Peptide = H2N-CCYKKKKQAGDV-COOH, Anal. Chem., 2015, 87, 2546) to figure out its atomic structure and electronic structure using a theoretical method for the first time. In this work, we identify the explicit configuration of the essential structure of Au24Peptide8, Au24(Cys-Cys)8, using density functional theory (DFT) computations and optical spectroscopic experiments, where Cys denotes cysteine without H bonded to S. As the first multidentate ligand binding AuNC, Au24(Cys-Cys)8 is characterized as a distorted Au13 core with Oh symmetry covered by two Au(Cys-Cys) and three Au3(Cys-Cys)2 staple motifs in its atomic structure. The most stable configuration of Au24(Cys-Cys)8 is confirmed by comparing its UV-vis absorption spectrum from time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) calculations with optical absorption measurements, and these results are consistent with each other. Furthermore, we carry out frontier molecular orbital (FMO) calculations to elucidate that the electronic structure of Au24(Cys-Cys)8 is different from that of Au24(SR)20 as they have a different Au/S ratio, where SR represents alkylthiolate. Importantly, the different ligand coatings, Cys-Cys and SR, in Au24(Cys-Cys)8 and Au24(SR)20 cause the different Au/S ratios in the coated Au24. The reason is that the Au/S ratio is crucial in determining the size of the Au core of the ligand protected AuNC, and the size of the Au core corresponds to a specific electronic structure. By the adjustment of ligand coatings from alkylthiolate to peptide, the Au/S ratio could be controlled to generate different AuNCs with versatile electronic structures, optical properties and reaction stabilities. Therefore, we propose a universal approach to obtain a specific Au/S ratio of ligand coated AuNCs by adjusting the ligand composition, thus controlling the chemicophysical properties of AuNCs with ultimately the same number of Au atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiao Zhai
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ru Liu
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lina Zhao
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chang L, Fisher A, Liu Z, Cheng D. A density functional theory study of sulfur adsorption on Ag–Au nanoalloys. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Charchar P, Christofferson AJ, Todorova N, Yarovsky I. Understanding and Designing the Gold-Bio Interface: Insights from Simulations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2395-418. [PMID: 27007031 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an integral part of many exciting and novel biomedical applications, sparking the urgent need for a thorough understanding of the physicochemical interactions occurring between these inorganic materials, their functional layers, and the biological species they interact with. Computational approaches are instrumental in providing the necessary molecular insight into the structural and dynamic behavior of the Au-bio interface with spatial and temporal resolutions not yet achievable in the laboratory, and are able to facilitate a rational approach to AuNP design for specific applications. A perspective of the current successes and challenges associated with the multiscale computational treatment of Au-bio interfacial systems, from electronic structure calculations to force field methods, is provided to illustrate the links between different approaches and their relationship to experiment and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Charchar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Nevena Todorova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu WW, Li Y, Gao Y, Zeng XC. Unraveling a generic growth pattern in structure evolution of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7396-7401. [PMID: 26986778 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00272b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the growth of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters is a prerequisite for their applications in catalysis and bioengineering. Here, we bring to bear a new series of thiolate-protected nanoclusters with a unique growth pattern, i.e., Au20(SR)16, Au28(SR)20, Au36(SR)24, Au44(SR)28, and Au52(SR)32. These nanoclusters can be viewed as resulting from the stepwise addition of a common structural motif [Au8(SR)4]. The highly negative values of the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) in the center of the tetrahedral Au4 units suggest that the overall stabilities of these clusters stem from the local stability of each tetrahedral Au4 unit. Generalization of this growth-pattern rule to large-sized nanoclusters allows us to identify the structures of three new thiolate-protected nanoclusters, namely, Au60(SR)36, Au68(SR)40, and Au76(SR)44. Remarkably, all three large-sized nanoclusters possess relatively large HOMO-LUMO gaps and negative NICS values, suggesting their high chemical stability. Further extension of the growth-pattern rule to the infinitely long nanowire limit results in a one-dimensional (1D) thiolate-protected gold nanowire (RS-AuNW) with a band gap of 0.78 eV. Such a unique growth-pattern rule offers a guide for precise synthesis of a new class of large-sized thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters or even RS-AuNW which, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu Xu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Yadong Li
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China. and Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China and Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen Y, Liu C, Tang Q, Zeng C, Higaki T, Das A, Jiang DE, Rosi NL, Jin R. Isomerism in Au28(SR)20 Nanocluster and Stable Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1482-5. [PMID: 26817394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the isomerism phenomenon at the nanoscale is a challenging task because of the prerequisites of precise composition and structural information on nanoparticles. Herein, we report the ligand-induced, thermally reversible isomerization between two thiolate-protected 28-gold-atom nanoclusters, i.e. Au28(S-c-C6H11)20 (where -c-C6H11 = cyclohexyl) and Au28(SPh-(t)Bu)20 (where -Ph-(t)Bu = 4-tert-butylphenyl). The intriguing ligand effect in dictating the stability of the two Au28(SR)20 structures is further investigated via dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu WW, Li Y, Gao Y, Zeng XC. Medium-sized Au40(SR)24 and Au52(SR)32 nanoclusters with distinct gold-kernel structures and spectroscopic features. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1299-1304. [PMID: 26676095 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07810e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the structures of two medium-sized thiolate-protected gold nanoparticles (RS-AuNPs) Au40(SR)24 and Au52(SR)32 and identified the distinct structural features in their Au kernels [Sci. Adv., 2015, 1, e1500425]. We find that both Au kernels of the Au40(SR)24 and Au52(SR)32 nanoclusters can be classified as interpenetrating cuboctahedra. Simulated X-ray diffraction patterns of the RS-AuNPs with the cuboctahedral kernel are collected and then compared with the X-ray diffraction patterns of the RS-AuNPs of two other prevailing Au-kernels identified from previous experiments, namely the Ino-decahedral kernel and icosahedral kernel. The distinct X-ray diffraction patterns of RS-AuNPs with the three different types of Au-kernels can be utilized as signature features for future studies of structures of RS-AuNPs. Moreover, the simulated UV/Vis absorption spectra and Kohn-Sham orbital energy-level diagrams are obtained for the Au40(SR)24 and Au52(SR)32, on the basis of time-dependent density functional theory computation. The extrapolated optical band-edges of Au40(SR)24 and Au52(SR)32 are 1.1 eV and 1.25 eV, respectively. The feature peaks in the UV/Vis absorption spectra of the two clusters can be attributed to the d → sp electronic transition. Lastly, the catalytic activities of the Au40(SR)24 and Au52(SR)32 are examined using CO oxidation as a probe. Both medium-sized thiolate-protected gold clusters can serve as effective stand-alone nanocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu Xu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Yadong Li
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China. and Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tlahuice-Flores A. Ligand effects on the optical and chiroptical properties of the thiolated Au18 cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27738-27744. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of chiral and achiral ligands protecting the inner Au9 core of the Au18(SR)14 cluster is studied based on density functional theory (DFT) and its corrected long-range interaction (DFT-D) approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Tlahuice-Flores
- CICFIM-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
- San Nicolás de los Garza
- Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu Y, Tian Z, Cheng L. Size evolution and ligand effects on the structures and stability of (AuL)n (L = Cl, SH, SCH3, PH2, P(CH3)2, n = 1–13) clusters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22741k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Size evolution on the global minimum structures of (AuCl)n clusters at n = 1–13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Compel WS, Wong OA, Chen X, Yi C, Geiss R, Häkkinen H, Knappenberger KL, Ackerson CJ. Dynamic Diglyme-Mediated Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoclusters. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11690-11698. [PMID: 26530638 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the assembly of gold nanoclusters by the nonthiolate ligand diglyme into discrete and dynamic assemblies. To understand this surprising phenomenon, the assembly of Au20(SC2H4Ph)15-diglyme into Au20(SC2H4Ph)15-diglyme-Au20(SC2H4Ph)15 is explored in detail. The assembly is examined by high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and calorimetry. We establish a dissociation constant for dimer to monomer conversion of 20.4 μM. Theoretical models validated by transient absorption spectroscopy predict a low-spin monomer and a high-spin dimer, with assembly enabled through weak diglyme oxygen-gold interactions. Close spatial coupling allows electron delocalization between the nanoparticle cores. The resulting assemblies thus possess optical and electronic properties that emerge as a result of assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Scott Compel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - O Andrea Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä , 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Chongyue Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Roy Geiss
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä , 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kenneth L Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Christopher J Ackerson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu C, Pei Y, Sun H, Ma J. The Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Thiolate-Protected Au Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15809-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry
and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pichugina DA, Kuz'menko NE, Shestakov AF. Ligand-protected gold clusters: the structure, synthesis and applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Liu C, Li T, Li G, Nobusada K, Zeng C, Pang G, Rosi NL, Jin R. Observation of Body-Centered Cubic Gold Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
46
|
Liu C, Li T, Li G, Nobusada K, Zeng C, Pang G, Rosi NL, Jin R. Observation of Body‐Centered Cubic Gold Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9826-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA)
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Gao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA)
| | - Katsuyuki Nobusada
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444‐8585 (Japan)
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615‐8520 (Japan)
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA)
| | - Guangsheng Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012 (P. R. China)
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Takagi N, Ishimura K, Matsui M, Fukuda R, Matsui T, Nakajima T, Ehara M, Sakaki S. How Can We Understand Au8 Cores and Entangled Ligands of Selenolate- and Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Au24(ER)20 and Au20(ER)16 (E = Se, S; R = Ph, Me)? A Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8593-602. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takagi
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishimura
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masafuyu Matsui
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fukuda
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Matsui
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS), Kobe 657-0047, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS), Kobe 657-0047, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry (FIFC), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
A Near-Infrared-Emissive Alkynyl-Protected Au24Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9683-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
49
|
Wan XK, Xu WW, Yuan SF, Gao Y, Zeng XC, Wang QM. A Near-Infrared-Emissive Alkynyl-Protected Au24Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
50
|
Yang S, Wang S, Jin S, Chen S, Sheng H, Zhu M. A metal exchange method for thiolate-protected tri-metal M(1)Ag(x)Au(24-x)(SR)(18)(0) (M = Cd/Hg) nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10005-7. [PMID: 25988742 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We herein reported the first synthesis of tri-metallic M1AgxAu24-x(SR)18(0) (M = Cd/Hg) nanoclusters by a two-step metal exchange method. Optical spectra suggested that the second and third foreign metals could largely change the electronic structure of homogold Au25(SR)18(-) nanoclusters. This work also provides a novel way to find the doping site of some special metals (such as Cd), which can be done using silver as the isotope of gold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|