1
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Chen S, Nguyen TD, Lee KZ, Liu D. Ex vivo T cell differentiation in adoptive immunotherapy manufacturing: Critical process parameters and analytical technologies. Biotechnol Adv 2024:108434. [PMID: 39168355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy shows great promise as a treatment for cancer and other diseases. Recent evidence suggests that the therapeutic efficacy of these cell-based therapies can be enhanced by the enrichment of less-differentiated T cell subpopulations in the therapeutic product, giving rise to a need for advanced manufacturing technologies capable of enriching of these subpopulations through regulation of T cell differentiation. Studies have shown that modifying certain critical process control parameters, such as cytokines, metabolites, amino acids, and culture environment, can effectively manipulate T cell differentiation in ex vivo cultures. Advanced process analytical technologies (PATs) are crucial for monitoring these parameters and the assessment of T cell differentiation during culture. In this review, we examine such critical process parameters and PATs, with an emphasis on their impact on enriching less-differentiated T cell population. We also discuss the limitations of current technologies and advocate for further efforts from the community to establish more stringent critical process parameters (CPPs) and develop more at-line/online PATs that are specific to T cell differentiation. These advancements will be essential to enable the manufacturing of more efficacious adoptive immunotherapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixun Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668, Singapore
| | - Tan Dai Nguyen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668, Singapore
| | - Kang-Zheng Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668, Singapore
| | - Dan Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668, Singapore.
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2
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Wu G, Wan Y, Wang Z, Hu X, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Wang J. Contactless integrated photonic probes: fundamentals, characteristics, and applications. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2024; 17:26. [PMID: 39098865 PMCID: PMC11298509 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
On-chip optical power monitors are indispensable for functional implementation and stabilization of large-scale and complex photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Traditional on-chip optical monitoring is implemented by tapping a small portion of optical power from the waveguide, which leads to significant loss. Due to its advantages like non-invasive nature, miniaturization, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process compatibility, a transparent monitor named the contactless integrated photonic probe (CLIPP), has been attracting great attention in recent years. The CLIPP indirectly monitors the optical power in the waveguide by detecting the conductance variation of the local optical waveguide caused by the surface state absorption (SSA) effect. In this review, we first introduce the fundamentals of the CLIPP including the concept, the equivalent electric model and the impedance read-out method, and then summarize some characteristics of the CLIPP. Finally, the functional applications of the CLIPP on the identification and feedback control of optical signal are discussed, followed by a brief outlook on the prospects of the CLIPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangze Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuanjian Wan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinwei Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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3
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Nahon DM, Moerkens R, Aydogmus H, Lendemeijer B, Martínez-Silgado A, Stein JM, Dostanić M, Frimat JP, Gontan C, de Graaf MNS, Hu M, Kasi DG, Koch LS, Le KTT, Lim S, Middelkamp HHT, Mooiweer J, Motreuil-Ragot P, Niggl E, Pleguezuelos-Manzano C, Puschhof J, Revyn N, Rivera-Arbelaez JM, Slager J, Windt LM, Zakharova M, van Meer BJ, Orlova VV, de Vrij FMS, Withoff S, Mastrangeli M, van der Meer AD, Mummery CL. Standardizing designed and emergent quantitative features in microphysiological systems. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:941-962. [PMID: 39187664 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are cellular models that replicate aspects of organ and tissue functions in vitro. In contrast with conventional cell cultures, MPSs often provide physiological mechanical cues to cells, include fluid flow and can be interlinked (hence, they are often referred to as microfluidic tissue chips or organs-on-chips). Here, by means of examples of MPSs of the vascular system, intestine, brain and heart, we advocate for the development of standards that allow for comparisons of quantitative physiological features in MPSs and humans. Such standards should ensure that the in vivo relevance and predictive value of MPSs can be properly assessed as fit-for-purpose in specific applications, such as the assessment of drug toxicity, the identification of therapeutics or the understanding of human physiology or disease. Specifically, we distinguish designed features, which can be controlled via the design of the MPS, from emergent features, which describe cellular function, and propose methods for improving MPSs with readouts and sensors for the quantitative monitoring of complex physiology towards enabling wider end-user adoption and regulatory acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Nahon
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée Moerkens
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bas Lendemeijer
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana Martínez-Silgado
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen M Stein
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cristina Gontan
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michel Hu
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dhanesh G Kasi
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lena S Koch
- University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Kieu T T Le
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sangho Lim
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joram Mooiweer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eva Niggl
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nele Revyn
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jelle Slager
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M Windt
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Sebo Withoff
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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4
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Ultrasensitive rapid cytokine sensors based on asymmetric geometry two-dimensional MoS 2 diodes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7593. [PMID: 36535944 PMCID: PMC9763493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevation of cytokine levels in body fluids has been associated with numerous health conditions. The detection of these cytokine biomarkers at low concentrations may help clinicians diagnose diseases at an early stage. Here, we report an asymmetric geometry MoS2 diode-based biosensor for rapid, label-free, highly sensitive, and specific detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine. This sensor is functionalized with TNF-α binding aptamers to detect TNF-α at concentrations as low as 10 fM, well below the typical concentrations found in healthy blood. Interactions between aptamers and TNF-α at the sensor surface induce a change in surface energy that alters the current-voltage rectification behavior of the MoS2 diode, which can be read out using a two-electrode configuration. The key advantages of this diode sensor are the simple fabrication process and electrical readout, and therefore, the potential to be applied in a rapid and easy-to-use, point-of-care, diagnostic tool.
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5
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Li H, Li X, Chen L, Li B, Dong H, Liu H, Yang X, Ueda H, Dong J. Quench-Release-Based Fluorescent Immunosensor for the Rapid Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor α. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31009-31016. [PMID: 34841143 PMCID: PMC8613823 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, numerous approaches have been used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of TNF-α. However, these methods have several drawbacks, such as a tedious and time-consuming process, high pH and temperature sensitivity, and increased chances of denaturation in vitro. Quenchbody (Q-body) is a fluorescence immunoprobe that functions based on the principle of photoinduced electron transfer and has been successful in detecting various substances. In this study, we constructed two Q-bodies based on a therapeutic antibody, adalimumab, to rapidly detect human TNF-α. Both sensors could detect TNF-α within 5 min. The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of TNF-α was as low as 0.123 ng/mL with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 25.0 ng/mL using the TAMRA-labeled Q-body, whereas the ATTO520-labeled Q-body had a LOD of 0.419 ng/mL with an EC50 of 65.6 ng/mL, suggesting that the Q-bodies could rapidly detect TNF-α with reasonable sensitivity over a wide detection range. These biosensors will be useful tools for the detection and monitoring of inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Li
- Key
Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang
Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key
Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang
Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Key
Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang
Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Baowei Li
- Key
Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang
Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hang Dong
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Key
Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang
Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Key
Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang
Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- World
Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Key
Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang
Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- World
Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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6
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Rapid single-molecule digital detection of protein biomarkers for continuous monitoring of systemic immune disorders. Blood 2021; 137:1591-1602. [PMID: 33275650 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital protein assays have great potential to advance immunodiagnostics because of their single-molecule sensitivity, high precision, and robust measurements. However, translating digital protein assays to acute clinical care has been challenging because it requires deployment of these assays with a rapid turnaround. Herein, we present a technology platform for ultrafast digital protein biomarker detection by using single-molecule counting of immune-complex formation events at an early, pre-equilibrium state. This method, which we term "pre-equilibrium digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay" (PEdELISA), can quantify a multiplexed panel of protein biomarkers in 10 µL of serum within an unprecedented assay incubation time of 15 to 300 seconds over a 104 dynamic range. PEdELISA allowed us to perform rapid monitoring of protein biomarkers in patients manifesting post-chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy cytokine release syndrome, with ∼30-minute sample-to-answer time and a sub-picograms per mL limit of detection. The rapid, sensitive, and low-input volume biomarker quantification enabled by PEdELISA is broadly applicable to timely monitoring of acute disease, potentially enabling more personalized treatment.
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7
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Liu C, Chu D, Kalantar‐Zadeh K, George J, Young HA, Liu G. Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004433. [PMID: 34114369 PMCID: PMC8336501 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification of cytokines has significant value in both clinical medicine and biology as the levels provide insights into physiological and pathological processes and can be used to aid diagnosis and treatment. Cytokines and their clinical significance are introduced from the perspective of their pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Factors affecting cytokines quantification in biological fluids, native levels in different body fluids, sample processing and storage conditions, sensitivity to freeze-thaw, and soluble cytokine receptors are discussed. In addition, recent advances in in vitro and in vivo assays, biosensors based on different signal outputs and intracellular to extracellular protein expression are summarized. Various quantification platforms for high-sensitivity and reliable measurement of cytokines in different scenarios are discussed, and commercially available cytokine assays are compared. A discussion of challenges in the development and advancement of technologies for cytokine quantification that aim to achieve real-time multiplex cytokine analysis for point-of-care situations applicable for both biomedical research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | | | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver CentreWestmead Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Sydney and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNSW2145Australia
| | - Howard A. Young
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMD21702USA
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172P. R. China
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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8
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Kartikasari AER, Huertas CS, Mitchell A, Plebanski M. Tumor-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and the Emerging Diagnostic Devices for Cancer Detection and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692142. [PMID: 34307156 PMCID: PMC8294036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation generated by the tumor microenvironment is known to drive cancer initiation, proliferation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment promotes the secretion of diverse cytokines, in different types and stages of cancers. These cytokines may inhibit tumor development but alternatively may contribute to chronic inflammation that supports tumor growth in both autocrine and paracrine manners and have been linked to poor cancer outcomes. Such distinct sets of cytokines from the tumor microenvironment can be detected in the circulation and are thus potentially useful as biomarkers to detect cancers, predict disease outcomes and manage therapeutic choices. Indeed, analyses of circulating cytokines in combination with cancer-specific biomarkers have been proposed to simplify and improve cancer detection and prognosis, especially from minimally-invasive liquid biopsies, such as blood. Additionally, the cytokine signaling signatures of the peripheral immune cells, even from patients with localized tumors, are recently found altered in cancer, and may also prove applicable as cancer biomarkers. Here we review cytokines induced by the tumor microenvironment, their roles in various stages of cancer development, and their potential use in diagnostics and prognostics. We further discuss the established and emerging diagnostic approaches that can be used to detect cancers from liquid biopsies, and additionally the technological advancement required for their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apriliana E. R. Kartikasari
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesar S. Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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9
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Liu J, Abdullah MAA, Yang L, Wang J. Fast Affinity Induced Reaction Sensor Based on a Fluorogenic Click Reaction for Quick Detection of Protein Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2019; 92:647-653. [PMID: 31790589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous biosensors currently available, the routine biomarker detection still largely relies on traditional ELISA and Western blot. Those standard techniques are labor intensive and time-consuming. Herein we introduce a fast affinity induced reaction sensor (FAIRS) that overcomes a few limitations of traditional and emerging biosensors. FAIRS is a general, one-step method and is naturally specific in detection. FAIRS probes are composed of a sandwich ELISA antibody pair that is conjugated with two fluorogenic click chemicals. This technology leverages significant differences of antibody affinity and chemical reaction rate, which are characterized to guide probe design. The stability, sensitivity, detection range, and response time are fully characterized. Application to IL-6 detection using blood serum and cell culture medium demonstrates that FAIRS can quantify IL-6 with high sensitivity in one step. With the unique features, FAIRS probes may find broad applications in medical sciences and clinical diagnostics, where quick detection of biomarkers is demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Liu
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11788 , United States
| | - Mohammed A A Abdullah
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11788 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , State University of New York, University at Albany , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Liwei Yang
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11788 , United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11788 , United States
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10
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Cardenosa-Rubio MC, Robison HM, Bailey RC. Recent advances in environmental and clinical analysis using microring resonator-based sensors. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH 2019; 10:38-46. [PMID: 31903443 PMCID: PMC6941741 DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Progress in the development of biosensors has dramatically improved analytical techniques. Biosensors have advantages over more conventional analytical techniques arising from attributes such as straightforward analyses, higher throughput, miniaturization, smaller sample input, and lower cost. Microring optical resonators have emerged in the area of optical sensors as an exceptional choice due to their sensitivity, ease of fabrication, multiplexity capability and label-free detection. In this paper, the sensing principle of these sensors is described. In addition, we summarize and highlight their most recent and relevant applications in environmental and clinical detection analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Cardenosa-Rubio
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48104 U.S.A
| | - Heather M. Robison
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48104 U.S.A
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48104 U.S.A
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11
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Optical Biosensors Based on Silicon-On-Insulator Ring Resonators: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030519. [PMID: 30709027 PMCID: PMC6384601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in optical biosensors based on integrated photonic devices are reviewed with a special emphasis on silicon-on-insulator ring resonators. The review is mainly devoted to the following aspects: (1) Principles of sensing mechanism, (2) sensor design, (3) biofunctionalization procedures for specific molecule detection and (4) system integration and measurement set-ups. The inherent challenges of implementing photonics-based biosensors to meet specific requirements of applications in medicine, food analysis, and environmental monitoring are discussed.
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12
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Zhu J, He J, Verano M, Brimmo AT, Glia A, Qasaimeh MA, Chen P, Aleman JO, Chen W. An integrated adipose-tissue-on-chip nanoplasmonic biosensing platform for investigating obesity-associated inflammation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3550-3560. [PMID: 30302487 PMCID: PMC6246809 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although many advanced biosensing techniques have been proposed for cytokine profiling, there are no clinically available methods that integrate high-resolution immune cell monitoring and in situ multiplexed cytokine detection together in a biomimetic tissue microenvironment. The primary challenge arises due to the lack of suitable label-free sensing techniques and difficulty for sensor integration. In this work, we demonstrated a novel integration of a localized-surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based biosensor with a biomimetic microfluidic 'adipose-tissue-on-chip' platform for an in situ label-free, high-throughput and multiplexed cytokine secretion analysis of obese adipose tissue. Using our established adipose-tissue-on-chip platform, we were able to monitor the adipose tissue initiation, differentiation, and maturation and simulate the hallmark formation of crown-like structures (CLSs) during pro-inflammatory stimulation. With integrated antibody-conjugated LSPR barcode sensor arrays, our platform enables simultaneous multiplexed measurements of pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-4) cytokines secreted by the adipocytes and macrophages. As a result, our adipose-tissue-on-chip platform is capable of identifying stage-specific cytokine secretion profiles from a complex milieu during obesity progression, highlighting its potential as a high-throughput preclinical readout for personalized obesity treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jiacheng He
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Michael Verano
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayoola T Brimmo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA. and Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayoub Glia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA. and Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA. and Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jose O Aleman
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Hao Z, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhu Y, Wang X, De Moraes CG, Pan Y, Zhao X, Lin Q. Measurement of cytokine biomarkers using an aptamer-based affinity graphene nanosensor on a flexible substrate toward wearable applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21681-21688. [PMID: 30431030 PMCID: PMC7536116 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach for the label-free detection of cytokine biomarkers using an aptamer-functionalized, graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET) nanosensor on a flexible, SiO2-coated substrate of the polymer polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The nanosensor conforms to the underlying nonplanar surface and performs GFET-based rapid transduction of the aptamer-biomarker binding, thereby potentially allowing the detection of cytokine biomarkers that are sampled reliably from human bodily fluids (e.g., sweat) in wearable sensing applications. In characterizing the suitability of the nanosensor for wearable applications, we investigate the effects of substrate bending on the equilibrium dissociation constant between the aptamer and the biomarker as well as the graphene transconductance. The utility of the nanosensor is demonstrated by the detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), an inflammatory cytokine biomarker. Experimental results show that the flexible nanosensor can specifically respond to changes in the TNF-α concentration within 5 minutes with a limit of detection as low as 26 pM in a repeatable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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14
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Zhou S, Metcalf KJ, Bugga P, Grant J, Mrksich M. Photoactivatable Reaction for Covalent Nanoscale Patterning of Multiple Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40452-40459. [PMID: 30379516 PMCID: PMC6640637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a photochemical approach for independently patterning multiple proteins to an inert substrate, particularly for studies of cell adhesion. A photoactivatable chloropyrimidine ligand was employed for covalent immobilization of SnapTag fusion proteins on self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold. A two-step procedure was used: first, patterned UV illumination of the surface activated protein capture ligands, and second, incubation with a SnapTag fusion protein bound to the surface in illuminated regions. Two different fluorescent proteins were patterned in registry with features of 400 nm in size over a 1 mm2 area. An example is given wherein an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) scFv antibody was patterned to direct the selective attachment of a human cancer cell line that express the CEA antigen. This method enables the preparation of surfaces with control over the density and activity of independently patterned proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine,
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Kevin J. Metcalf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Pradeep Bugga
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jennifer Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine,
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Ghosh S, Datta D, Chaudhry S, Dutta M, Stroscio MA. Rapid Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Using Quantum Dot-Based Optical Aptasensor. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2018; 17:417-423. [PMID: 29994717 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2018.2852261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports an optical "TURN OFF" aptasensor, which is comprised of a deoxyribonucleic acid aptamer attached to a quantum dot on the terminus and gold nanoparticle on the terminus. The photoluminescence intensity is observed to decrease upon progressive addition of the target protein tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- ) to the sensor. For PBS-based TNF- samples, the beacon exhibited 19%-20% quenching at around 22 nM concentration. The photoluminescence intensity and the quenching efficiency showed a linear decrease and a linear increase, respectively, between 0 to 22.3 nM TNF- . The detection limit of the sensor was found to be 97.2 pM. Specificity test results determined that the sensor has higher selectivity toward TNF- than other control proteins such as C-reactive protein, albumin, and transferrin. The beacon successfully detected different concentrations of TNF- in human serum-based samples exhibiting around 10% quenching efficiency at 12.5 nM of the protein.
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16
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Chen YJ, Schoeler U, Huang CHB, Vollmer F. Combining Whispering-Gallery Mode Optical Biosensors with Microfluidics for Real-Time Detection of Protein Secretion from Living Cells in Complex Media. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703705. [PMID: 29718550 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive monitoring of protein secretion of cells responding to drug treatment is an effective and essential tool in latest drug development and for cytotoxicity assays. In this work, a surface functionalization method is demonstrated for specific detection of protein released from cells and a platform that integrates highly sensitive optical devices, called whispering-gallery mode biosensors, with precise microfluidics control to achieve label-free and real-time detection. Cell biomarker release is measured in real time and with nanomolar sensitivity. The surface functionalization method allows for antibodies to be immobilized on the surface for specific detection, while the microfluidics system enables detection in a continuous flow with a negligible compromise between sensitivity and flow control over stabilization and mixing. Cytochrome c detection is used to illustrate the merits of the system. Jurkat cells are treated with the toxin staurosporine to trigger cell apoptosis and cytochrome c released into the cell culture medium is monitored via the newly invented optical microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jen Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technology (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schoeler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technology (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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17
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Robison HM, Bailey RC. A Guide to Quantitative Biomarker Assay Development using Whispering Gallery Mode Biosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9:158-173. [PMID: 28910857 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors are a class of powerful analytical techniques defined by the measurement of changes in the local refractive index at or near the sensor surface. When functionalized with target-specific capture agents, analyte binding can be measured with very low limits of detection. There are many geometric manifestations of WGM sensors, with chip-integrated silicon photonic devices first commercialized because of the robust, wafer-scale device fabrication, facile optical interrogation, and amenability to the creation of multiplexed sensor arrays. Using these arrays, a number of biomolecular targets have been detected in both label-free and label-enhanced assay formats. For example, sub-picomolar detection limits for multiple cytokines were achieved using an enzymatically enhanced sandwich immunoassay that showed high analyte specificity suitable for detection in complex, clinical matrices. This protocol describes a generalizable approach for the development of quantitative, multiplexed immunoassays using silicon photonic microrings as an example WGM platform. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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18
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Ryu B, Nam H, Oh BR, Song Y, Chen P, Park Y, Wan W, Kurabayashi K, Liang X. Cyclewise Operation of Printed MoS 2 Transistor Biosensors for Rapid Biomolecule Quantification at Femtomolar Levels. ACS Sens 2017; 2:274-281. [PMID: 28723149 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistors made from MoS2 and other emerging layered semiconductors have been demonstrated to be able to serve as ultrasensitive biosensors. However, such nanoelectronic sensors still suffer seriously from a series of challenges associated with the poor compatibility between electronic structures and liquid analytes. These challenges hinder the practical biosensing applications that demand rapid, low-noise, highly specific biomolecule quantification at femtomolar levels. To address such challenges, we study a cyclewise process for operating MoS2 transistor biosensors, in which a series of reagent fluids are delivered to the sensor in a time-sequenced manner and periodically set the sensor into four assay-cycle stages, including incubation, flushing, drying, and electrical measurement. Running multiple cycles of such an assay can acquire a time-dependent sensor response signal quantifying the reaction kinetics of analyte-receptor binding. This cyclewise detection approach can avoid the liquid-solution-induced electrochemical damage, screening, and nonspecific adsorption to the sensor and therefore improves the transistor sensor's durability, sensitivity, specificity, and signal-to-noise ratio. These advantages in combination with the inherent high sensitivity of MoS2 biosensors allow for rapid biomolecule quantification at femtomolar levels. We have demonstrated the cyclewise quantification of Interleukin-1β in pure and complex solutions (e.g., serum and saliva) with a detection limit of ∼1 fM and a total detection time ∼23 min. This work leverages the superior properties of layered semiconductors for biosensing applications and advances the techniques toward realizing fast real-time immunoassay for low-abundance biomolecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghoon Ryu
- Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hongsuk Nam
- Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo-Ram Oh
- Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yujing Song
- Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Younggeun Park
- Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wenjie Wan
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute and Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiaogan Liang
- Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Emerging Cytokine Biosensors with Optical Detection Modalities and Nanomaterial-Enabled Signal Enhancement. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17020428. [PMID: 28241443 PMCID: PMC5335944 DOI: 10.3390/s17020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers, especially cytokines, play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Therefore, a critical need for advanced cytokine sensors has been rapidly growing and will continue to expand to promote clinical testing, new biomarker development, and disease studies. In particular, sensors employing transduction principles of various optical modalities have emerged as the most common means of detection. In typical cytokine assays which are based on the binding affinities between the analytes of cytokines and their specific antibodies, optical schemes represent the most widely used mechanisms, with some serving as the gold standard against which all existing and new sensors are benchmarked. With recent advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology, many of the recently emerging technologies for cytokine detection exploit various forms of nanomaterials for improved sensing capabilities. Nanomaterials have been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional optical properties unique to their reduced dimensionality. Novel sensing approaches based on the newly identified properties of nanomaterials have shown drastically improved performances in both the qualitative and quantitative analyses of cytokines. This article brings together the fundamentals in the literature that are central to different optical modalities developed for cytokine detection. Recent advancements in the applications of novel technologies are also discussed in terms of those that enable highly sensitive and multiplexed cytokine quantification spanning a wide dynamic range. For each highlighted optical technique, its current detection capabilities as well as associated challenges are discussed. Lastly, an outlook for nanomaterial-based cytokine sensors is provided from the perspective of optimizing the technologies for sensitivity and multiplexity as well as promoting widespread adaptations of the emerging optical techniques by lowering high thresholds currently present in the new approaches.
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20
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Graybill RM, Para CS, Bailey RC. PCR-Free, Multiplexed Expression Profiling of microRNAs Using Silicon Photonic Microring Resonators. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10347-10351. [PMID: 27726377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe an approach for multiplexed microRNA analysis using silicon photonic microring resonators to detect cDNA reverse transcription products via a subsequent enzymatic signal enhancement strategy. Key to this method is a modified stem loop primer that facilitates downstream signal amplification via enzymatic turnover and improves the sensor signal 20-fold when compared to traditional stem loop primers. This approach facilitates targeted microRNA quantification in only 2.5 h and without requiring target amplification via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primers for 7 miRNA targets were orthogonally designed to avoid cross-hybridization between capture probes. This approach was applied to the detection of total RNA from human tissues and found to display differential expression profiles consistent with literature precedent. This development holds promise as an alternative to single-plex RT-qPCR methods and more expensive RNA-seq by offering a cost-effective method to analyze targeted miRNA panels in emerging diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Graybill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Matthews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher S Para
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Matthews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Matthews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
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21
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Wade JH, Bailey RC. Applications of Optical Microcavity Resonators in Analytical Chemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:1-25. [PMID: 27049629 PMCID: PMC5818158 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical resonator sensors are an emerging class of analytical technologies that use recirculating light confined within a microcavity to sensitively measure the surrounding environment. Bolstered by advances in microfabrication, these devices can be configured for a wide variety of chemical or biomolecular sensing applications. We begin with a brief description of optical resonator sensor operation, followed by discussions regarding sensor design, including different geometries, choices of material systems, methods of sensor interrogation, and new approaches to sensor operation. Throughout, key developments are highlighted, including advancements in biosensing and other applications of optical sensors. We discuss the potential of alternative sensing mechanisms and hybrid sensing devices for more sensitive and rapid analyses. We conclude with our perspective on the future of optical microcavity sensors and their promise as versatile detection elements within analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Wade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801;
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801;
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22
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Schrell AM, Mukhitov N, Yi L, Wang X, Roper MG. Microfluidic Devices for the Measurement of Cellular Secretion. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:249-69. [PMID: 27306310 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The release of chemical information from cells and tissues holds the key to understanding cellular behavior and dysfunction. The development of methodologies that can measure cellular secretion in a time-dependent fashion is therefore essential. Often these measurements are made difficult by the high-salt conditions of the cellular environment, the presence of numerous other secreted factors, and the small mass samples that are produced when frequent sampling is used to resolve secretory dynamics. In this review, the methods that we have developed for measuring hormone release from islets of Langerhans are dissected to illustrate the practical difficulties of studying cellular secretions. Other methods from the literature are presented that provide alternative approaches to particularly challenging areas of monitoring cellular secretion. The examples presented in this review serve as case studies and should be adaptable to other cell types and systems for unique applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Schrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
| | - Nikita Mukhitov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
| | - Lian Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
| | - Michael G Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
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23
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Chen YJ, Xiang W, Klucken J, Vollmer F. Tracking micro-optical resonances for identifying and sensing novel procaspase-3 protein marker released from cell cultures in response to toxins. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:164001. [PMID: 26963176 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/16/164001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The response of cells to toxins is commonly investigated by detecting intracellular markers for cell death, such as caspase proteins. This requires the introduction of labels by the permeabilization or complete lysis of cells. Here we introduce a non-invasive tool for monitoring a caspase protein in the extracellular medium. The tool is based on highly sensitive optical micro-devices, referred to as whispering-gallery mode biosensors (WGMBs). WGMBs are functionalized with antibodies for the specific and label-free detection of procaspase-3 released from human embryonic kidney HEK293 and neuroglioma H4 cells after introducing staurosporine and rotenone toxins, respectively. Additional tests show that the extracellular accumulation of procaspase-3 is concomitant with a decrease in cell viability. The hitherto unknown release of procaspase-3 from cells in response to toxins and its accumulation in the medium is further investigated by Western blot, showing that the extracellular detection of procaspase-3 is interrelated with cytotoxicity of alpha-synuclein protein (aSyn) overexpressed in H4 cells. These studies provide evidence for procaspase-3 as a novel extracellular biomarker for cell death, with applications in cytotoxicity tests. Such WGMBs could be applied to further identify as-yet unknown extracellular biomarkers using established antibodies against intracellular antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jen Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Str.1/Bldg. 24, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technology (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Liu G, Qi M, Hutchinson MR, Yang G, Goldys EM. Recent advances in cytokine detection by immunosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:810-21. [PMID: 26774995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cytokines in body fluids, cells, tissues and organisms continues to attract considerable attention due to the importance of these key cell signaling molecules in biology and medicine. In this review, we describe recent advances in cytokine detection in the course of ongoing pursuit of new analytical approaches for these trace analytes with specific focus on immunosensing. We discuss recent elegant designs of sensing interface with improved performance with respect to sensitivity, selectivity, stability, simplicity, and the absence of sample matrix effects. Various immunosensing approaches based on multifunctional nanomaterials open novel opportunities for ultrasensitive detection of cytokines in body fluids in vitro and in vivo. Methodologies such as suspension arrays also known as bead assays together with optical fiber-based sensors, on their own or in combination with microfluidic devices will continue to have an important role to address the grand challenge of real-time in vivo multiplex cytokine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, Australia
| | - Meng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Guangfu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, Australia.
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25
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Label-free cytokine micro- and nano-biosensing towards personalized medicine of systemic inflammatory disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 95:90-103. [PMID: 26408791 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory disorders resulting from infection, trauma, surgery, and severe disease conditions pose serious threats to human health leading to organ dysfunction, organ failure, and mortality. The highly complex and dynamic nature of the immune system experiencing acute inflammation makes immunomodulatory therapy blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines very challenging. Successful therapy requires the ability to determine appropriate anti-cytokine drugs to be delivered at a right dose in a timely manner. Label-free micro- and nano-biosensors hold the potential to overcome the current challenges, enabling cytokine-targeted treatments to be tailored according to the immune status of an individual host with their unique cytokine biomarker detection capabilities. This review studies the recent progress in label-free cytokine biosensors, summarizes their performances and potential merits, and discusses future directions for their advancements to meet challenges towards personalized anti-cytokine drug delivery.
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26
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Wade J, Alsop AT, Vertin NR, Yang H, Johnson MD, Bailey RC. Rapid, Multiplexed Phosphoprotein Profiling Using Silicon Photonic Sensor Arrays. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2015; 1:374-382. [PMID: 26539563 PMCID: PMC4626792 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signaling is commonly mediated through post-translational protein modifications that propagate messages from membrane-bound receptors to ultimately regulate gene expression. Signaling cascades are ubiquitously intertwined, and a full understanding of function can only be gleaned by observing dynamics across multiple key signaling nodes. Importantly, targets within signaling cascades often represent opportunities for therapeutic development or can serve as diagnostic biomarkers. Protein phosphorylation is a particularly important post-translational modification that controls many essential cellular signaling pathways. Not surprisingly, aberrant phosphorylation is found in many human diseases, including cancer, and phosphoprotein-based biomarker signatures hold unrealized promise for disease monitoring. Moreover, phosphoprotein analysis has wide-ranging applications across fundamental chemical biology, as many drug discovery efforts seek to target nodes within kinase signaling pathways. For both fundamental and translational applications, the analysis of phosphoprotein biomarker targets is limited by a reliance on labor-intensive and/or technically challenging methods, particularly when considering the simultaneous monitoring of multiplexed panels of phosphoprotein biomarkers. We have developed a technology based upon arrays of silicon photonic microring resonator sensors that fills this void, facilitating the rapid and automated analysis of multiple phosphoprotein levels from both cell lines and primary human tumor samples requiring only minimal sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
H. Wade
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Aurora T. Alsop
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Nicholas R. Vertin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mark D. Johnson
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
- E-mail:
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27
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Valera E, McClellan MS, Bailey RC. Magnetically-actuated, bead-enhanced silicon photonic immunosensor. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 7:8539-8544. [PMID: 26528374 PMCID: PMC4627713 DOI: 10.1039/c5ay01477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic actuation has been introduced to an optical immunosensor technology resulting in improvements in both rapidity and limit of detection for an assay quantitating low concentrations of a representative protein biomarker. For purposes of demonstration, an assay was designed for monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), a small cytokine which regulates migration and infiltration of monocytes and macrophages, and is an emerging biomarker for several diseases. The immunosensor is based on arrays of highly multiplexed silicon photonic microring resonators. A one-step sandwich immunoassay was performed and the signal was further enhanced through a tertiary recognition event between biotinylated tracer antibodies and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. By integrating a magnet under the sensor chip, magnetic beads were rapidly directed towards the sensor surface resulting in improved assay performance metrics. Notably, the time required in the bead binding step was reduced by a factor of 11 (4 vs 45 min), leading to an overall decrease in assay time from 73 min to 32 min. The magnetically-actuated assay also lowered the limit of detection (LOD) for MCP-1 from 124 pg mL-1 down to 57 pg mL-1. In sum, the addition of magnetic actuation into bead-enhanced sandwich assays on a silicon photonic biosensor platform might facilitate improved detection of biomarkers in point-of-care diagnostics settings.
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28
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Abstract
Biosensors first appeared several decades ago to address the need for monitoring physiological parameters such as oxygen or glucose in biological fluids such as blood. More recently, a new wave of biosensors has emerged in order to provide more nuanced and granular information about the composition and function of living cells. Such biosensors exist at the confluence of technology and medicine and often strive to connect cell phenotype or function to physiological or pathophysiological processes. Our review aims to describe some of the key technological aspects of biosensors being developed for cell analysis. The technological aspects covered in our review include biorecognition elements used for biosensor construction, methods for integrating cells with biosensors, approaches to single-cell analysis, and the use of nanostructured biosensors for cell analysis. Our hope is that the spectrum of possibilities for cell analysis described in this review may pique the interest of biomedical scientists and engineers and may spur new collaborations in the area of using biosensors for cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| | - Kyungjin Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
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Foreman MR, Swaim JD, Vollmer F. Whispering gallery mode sensors. ADVANCES IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS 2015; 7:168-240. [PMID: 26973759 PMCID: PMC4786191 DOI: 10.1364/aop.7.000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive overview of sensor technology exploiting optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances. After a short introduction we begin by detailing the fundamental principles and theory of WGMs in optical microcavities and the transduction mechanisms frequently employed for sensing purposes. Key recent theoretical contributions to the modeling and analysis of WGM systems are highlighted. Subsequently we review the state of the art of WGM sensors by outlining efforts made to date to improve current detection limits. Proposals in this vein are numerous and range, for example, from plasmonic enhancements and active cavities to hybrid optomechanical sensors, which are already working in the shot noise limited regime. In parallel to furthering WGM sensitivity, efforts to improve the time resolution are beginning to emerge. We therefore summarize the techniques being pursued in this vein. Ultimately WGM sensors aim for real-world applications, such as measurements of force and temperature, or alternatively gas and biosensing. Each such application is thus reviewed in turn, and important achievements are discussed. Finally, we adopt a more forward-looking perspective and discuss the outlook of WGM sensors within both a physical and biological context and consider how they may yet push the detection envelope further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Foreman
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Biosensing, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jon D. Swaim
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Biosensing, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Biosensing, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Lin PT, Giammarco J, Borodinov N, Savchak M, Singh V, Kimerling LC, Tan DTH, Richardson KA, Luzinov I, Agarwal A. Label-free water sensors using hybrid polymer-dielectric mid-infrared optical waveguides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11189-11194. [PMID: 25924561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A chip-scale mid-IR water sensor was developed using silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides coated with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA). The label-free detection was conducted at λ=2.6-2.7 μm because this spectral region overlaps with the characteristic O-H stretch absorption while being transparent to PGMA and SiN. Through the design of a hybrid waveguide structure, we were able to tailor the mid-IR evanescent wave into the PGMA layer and the surrounding water and, consequently, to enhance the light-analyte interaction. A 7.6 times enhancement of sensitivity is experimentally demonstrated and explained by material integration engineering as well as waveguide mode analysis. Our sensor platform made by polymer-dielectric hybrids can be applied to other regions of the mid-IR spectrum to probe other analytes and can ultimately achieve a multispectral sensor on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao Tai Lin
- †Materials Processing Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- §Photonics Devices and Systems Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - James Giammarco
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Nikolay Borodinov
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Mykhailo Savchak
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Vivek Singh
- †Materials Processing Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lionel C Kimerling
- †Materials Processing Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dawn T H Tan
- §Photonics Devices and Systems Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | | | - Igor Luzinov
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Anu Agarwal
- †Materials Processing Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Fraser S, Cameron M, O'Connor E, Schwickart M, Tanen M, Ware M. Next generation ligand binding assays-review of emerging real-time measurement technologies. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 16:914-24. [PMID: 25060773 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, numerous ligand binding assay technologies that utilize real-time measurement have been introduced; however, an assemblage and evaluation of these technologies has not previously been published. Herein, we describe six emerging real-time measurement technologies: Maverick™, MX96 SPR™, NanoDLSay™, AMMP®/ViBE®, SoPrano™, and two Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) microfluidic devices. The development stage gate of these technologies ranges from pre-commercial to commercially available. Due to the novelty, the application and utility of some of the technologies regarding bioanalysis are likely to evolve but it is our hope that this review will provide insight into the direction the development of real-time measurement technologies is moving and the vision of those that are taking us there. Following the technology discussions, a comprehensive summary table is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fraser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA,
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Lin PT, Kwok SW, Lin HYG, Singh V, Kimerling LC, Whitesides GM, Agarwal A. Mid-infrared spectrometer using opto-nanofluidic slot-waveguide for label-free on-chip chemical sensing. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:231-238. [PMID: 24328355 DOI: 10.1021/nl403817z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectrometer for label-free on-chip chemical sensing was developed using an engineered nanofluidic channel consisting of a Si-liquid-Si slot-structure. Utilizing the large refractive index contrast (Δn ∼ 2) between the liquid core of the waveguide and the Si cladding, a broadband mid-IR lightwave can be efficiently guided and confined within a nanofluidic capillary (≤100 nm wide). The optical-field enhancement, together with the direct interaction between the probe light and the analyte, increased the sensitivity for chemical detection by 50 times when compared to evanescent-wave sensing. This spectrometer distinguished several common organic liquids (e.g., n-bromohexane, toluene, isopropanol) accurately and could determine the ratio of chemical species (e.g., acetonitrile and ethanol) at low concentration (<5 μL/mL) in a mixture through spectral scanning over their characteristic absorption peaks in the mid-IR regime. The combination of CMOS-compatible planar mid-IR microphotonics, and a high-throughput nanofluidic sensor system, provides a unique platform for chemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao Tai Lin
- Microphotonics Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Kindt JT, Luchansky MS, Qavi AJ, Lee SH, Bailey RC. Subpicogram per milliliter detection of interleukins using silicon photonic microring resonators and an enzymatic signal enhancement strategy. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10653-7. [PMID: 24171505 DOI: 10.1021/ac402972d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The detection of biomolecules at ultralow (low to subpicogram per milliliter) concentrations and within complex, clinically relevant matrices is a formidable challenge that is complicated by limitations imposed by the Langmuir binding isotherm and mass transport, for surface-based affinity biosensors. Here we report the integration of an enzymatic signal enhancement scheme onto a multiplexable silicon photonic microring resonator detection platform. To demonstrate the analytical value of this combination, we simultaneously quantitated levels of the interleukins IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in undiluted cerebrospinal fluid in an assay format that is multiplexable, relatively rapid (90 min), and features a 3 order of magnitude dynamic range and a limit of detection ≤1 pg/mL. The modular nature of this assay and technology should lend itself broadly amenable to different analyte classes, making it a versatile tool for biomarker analysis in clinically relevant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Kindt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States
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Alamdari OG, Seyedjafari E, Soleimani M, Ghaemi N. Micropatterning of ECM Proteins on Glass Substrates to Regulate Cell Attachment and Proliferation. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2013; 5:234-40. [PMID: 24285998 PMCID: PMC3838768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micropatterning is becoming a powerful tool for studying cells in vitro. This method not only uses very small amount of material but also mimic the microenvironment structure present in living tissues better than flask culturing techniques. In previous studies using micropatterning of extracellular matrix proteins on glass surfaces, the rate of protein detachment from the surface was so high that the proteins and the cultivated cells detached after 3 three days of cell seeding. METHODS Here we optimized the glass surface modification method to fulfill the requirement of most in vitro studies. RESULTS In our study we showed that the optimum time for glass surface modification reaction is 1.5 hr, and the cells could be tracked in vitro for over 15 days after cell seeding which is enough for the most in vitro studies. As a model, we cultivated HEK 293T and HepG2 cells on the collagen micro-patterns and showed that they have normal growth and morphology on these micropatterns. The HEK cells also transfected with pmaxGFP plasmid vector to show that the cells on collagen micropatterns could also used in transfection studies. CONCLUSION Taking these together, this novel method is promising for efficient cell culture studies on micropatterened surfaces in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid G. Alamdari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Ghaemi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Y, Tang LJ, Jiang JH. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based, Homogeneous, Multiplexed Immunoassay with Antibody-Fragments-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9213-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4019439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Biomolecular analysis with microring resonators: applications in multiplexed diagnostics and interaction screening. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:818-26. [PMID: 23871688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microring optical resonators are a promising class of sensor whose value in bioanalytical applications has only begun to be explored. Utilized in the telecommunication industry for signal processing applications, microring resonators have more recently been re-tasked for biosensing because of their scalability, sensitivity, and versatility. Their sensing modality arises from light/matter interactions--light propagating through the microring and the resultant evanescent field extending beyond the structure is sensitive to the refractive index of the local environment, which modulates resonant wavelength of light supported by the cavity. This sensing capability has recently been utilized for the detection of numerous biological targets including proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and small molecules. Herein we highlight some of the most exciting recent uses of this technology for biosensing applications, with an eye towards future developments in the field.
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Bhimji A, Zaragoza AA, Live LS, Kelley SO. Electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay featuring proximal reagent generation: detection of human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in clinical samples. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6813-9. [PMID: 23758505 DOI: 10.1021/ac4009429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple electrochemical immunoassay for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody detection that localizes capture and detection reagents in close proximity to a microelectrode. Antigenic peptides from HIV-1 gp41 or HIV-2 gp36 were covalently attached to a SU-8 substrate that also presented a template for the deposition of three-dimensional microelectrodes. The detection of HIV antibodies was achieved with an electrochemical immunoassay where an alkaline phosphatase conjugated secondary antibody reacts with p-aminophenyl phosphate (pAPP) to produce a redox-active product, p-aminophenol. The current derived from the oxidation of the reporter group increased linearly over a wide antibody concentration range (0.001-1 μg mL(-1)), with a detection limit of 1 ng mL(-1) (6.7 pM) for both HIV-1 and HIV-2. This level of sensitivity is clinically relevant, and the feasibility of this approach for clinical sample testing was also evaluated with HIV clinical patient samples, with excellent performance observed compared against a commercially available gold standard. This approach was used to develop the first electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect HIV in clinical samples, and excellent performance relative to a gold standard test was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyajahan Bhimji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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38
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Ge S, Ge L, Yan M, Song X, Yu J, Liu S. A disposable immunosensor device for point-of-care test of tumor marker based on copper-mediated amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 43:425-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kuhnline Sloan CD, Marty MT, Sligar SG, Bailey RC. Interfacing lipid bilayer nanodiscs and silicon photonic sensor arrays for multiplexed protein-lipid and protein-membrane protein interaction screening. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2970-6. [PMID: 23425255 PMCID: PMC3600637 DOI: 10.1021/ac3037359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soluble proteins are key mediators of many biochemical signaling pathways via direct interaction with the lipid bilayer and via membrane-bound receptors. Components of the cell membrane are involved in many important biological processes, including viral infection, blood clotting, and signal transduction, and as such, they are common targets of therapeutic agents. Therefore, the development of analytical approaches to study interactions at the cell membrane is of critical importance. Herein, we integrate two key technologies, silicon photonic microring resonator arrays and phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs, which together allow multiplexed screening of soluble protein interactions with lipid and membrane-embedded targets. Microring resonator arrays are an intrinsically multiplexable, label-free analysis platform that has previously been applied to studying protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, and nucleic acid-nucleic acid interactions. Nanodiscs are protein-stabilized lipid assemblies that represent a convenient construct to mimic the native phospholipid bilayer, investigate the effects of membrane composition, and solubilize membrane-embedded targets. Exploiting the natural affinity of nanodisc-supported lipid bilayers for oxide-passivated silicon, we assembled single and multiplex sensor arrays via direct physisorption, characterizing electrostatic effects on the nanodisc attachment. Using model systems, we demonstrate the applicability of this platform for the parallel screening of protein interactions with nanodisc-embedded lipids, glycolipids, and membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T. Marty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - Stephen G. Sligar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
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Ren J, Wang L, Han X, Cheng J, Lv H, Wang J, Jian X, Zhao M, Jia L. Organic silicone sol-gel polymer as a noncovalent carrier of receptor proteins for label-free optical biosensor application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:386-394. [PMID: 23259485 DOI: 10.1021/am3024355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensing techniques have become of key importance for label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions in the current proteomics era. Together with an increasing emphasis on high-throughput applications in functional proteomics and drug discovery, there has been demand for facile and generally applicable methods for the immobilization of a wide range of receptor proteins. Here, we developed a polymer platform for microring resonator biosensors, which allows the immobilization of receptor proteins on the surface of waveguide directly without any additional modification. A sol-gel process based on a mixture of three precursors was employed to prepare a liquid hybrid polysiloxane, which was photopatternable for the photocuring process and UV imprint. Waveguide films were prepared on silicon substrates by spin coating and characterized by atomic force microscopy for roughness, and protein adsorption. The results showed that the surface of the polymer film was smooth (rms = 0.658 nm), and exhibited a moderate hydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 97°. Such a hydrophobic extent could provide a necessary binding strength for stable immobilization of proteins on the material surface in various sensing conditions. Biological activity of the immobilized Staphylococcal protein A and its corresponding biosensing performance were demonstrated by its specific recognition of human Immunoglobulin G. This study showed the potential of preparing dense, homogeneous, specific, and stable biosensing surfaces by immobilizing receptor proteins on polymer-based optical devices through the direct physical adsorption method. We expect that such polymer waveguide could be of special interest in developing low-cost and robust optical biosensing platform for multidimensional arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Chemical surface modifications for the development of silicon-based label-free integrated optical (IO) biosensors: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 777:1-16. [PMID: 23622959 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest has been paid to label-free biosensors in recent years. Among them, refractive index (RI) optical biosensors enable high density and the chip-scale integration of optical components. This makes them more appealing to help develop lab-on-a-chip devices. Today, many RI integrated optical (IO) devices are made using silicon-based materials. A key issue in their development is the biofunctionalization of sensing surfaces because they provide a specific, sensitive response to the analyte of interest. This review critically discusses the biofunctionalization procedures, assay formats and characterization techniques employed in setting up IO biosensors. In addition, it provides the most relevant results obtained from using these devices for real sample biosensing. Finally, an overview of the most promising future developments in the fields of chemical surface modification and capture agent attachment for IO biosensors follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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42
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Shia WW, Bailey RC. Single domain antibodies for the detection of ricin using silicon photonic microring resonator arrays. Anal Chem 2013; 85:805-10. [PMID: 23268548 PMCID: PMC3546499 DOI: 10.1021/ac3030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ricin is a lethal protein toxin derived from the castor bean plant. Given its notorious history as a biowarfare agent and homicidal weapon, ricin has been classified as a category B bioterrorism agent. Current ricin detection methods based on immunoassays lack the required sensitivity and specificity for many homeland security surveillance applications. Importantly, many conventional antibody-based methodologies are unable to distinguish ricin from RCA 120, a nontoxic protein also found in the castor bean plant. Single domain antibodies (sdAbs), which are recombinantly derived from immunized llamas, are known to have high affinities for ricin A or B chains and low cross-reactivity with RCA 120. Herein, we demonstrate the use of silicon photonic microring resonators for antibody affinity profiling and one-step ricin detection at concentrations down to 300 pM using a 15 min, label-free assay format. These sdAbs were also simultaneously compared with a commercial anti-RCA IgG antibody in a multicapture agent, single target immunoassay using arrays of microrings, which allowed direct comparison of sensitivity and specificity. A selected sdAb was also found to exhibit outstanding specificity against another biotoxin, saporin, which has mechanism of action similar to ricin. Given the rapidity, scalability, and multiplexing capability of this silicon-based technology, this work represents a step toward using microring resonator arrays for the sensitive and specific detection of biowarfare agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W. Shia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Ave, Illinois, 61801
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Ave, Illinois, 61801
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43
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Yamanaka YJ, Szeto GL, Gierahn TM, Forcier TL, Benedict KF, Brefo MSN, Lauffenburger DA, Irvine DJ, Love JC. Cellular barcodes for efficiently profiling single-cell secretory responses by microengraving. Anal Chem 2012. [PMID: 23205933 DOI: 10.1021/ac302264q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a method that uses fluorescent cellular barcodes to increase the number of unique samples that can be analyzed simultaneously by microengraving, a nanowell array-based technique for quantifying the secretory responses of thousands of single cells in parallel. Using n different fluorescent dyes to generate 2(n) unique cellular barcodes, we achieved a 2(n)-fold reduction in the number of arrays and quantity of reagents required per sample. The utility of this approach was demonstrated in three applications of interest in clinical and experimental immunology. Using barcoded human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T cells, we constructed dose-response curves, profiled the secretory behavior of cells treated with mechanistically distinct stimuli, and tracked the secretory behaviors of different lineages of CD4(+) T helper cells. In addition to increasing the number of samples analyzed by generating secretory profiles of single cells from multiple populations in a time- and reagent-efficient manner, we expect that cellular barcoding in combination with microengraving will facilitate unique experimental opportunities for quantitatively analyzing interactions among heterogeneous cells isolated in small groups (~2-5 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne J Yamanaka
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Vollmer F, Yang L. Label-free detection with high-Q microcavities: a review of biosensing mechanisms for integrated devices. NANOPHOTONICS 2012; 1:267-291. [PMID: 26918228 PMCID: PMC4764104 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2012-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical microcavities that confine light in high-Q resonance promise all of the capabilities required for a successful next-generation microsystem biodetection technology. Label-free detection down to single molecules as well as operation in aqueous environments can be integrated cost-effectively on microchips, together with other photonic components, as well as electronic ones. We provide a comprehensive review of the sensing mechanisms utilized in this emerging field, their physics, engineering and material science aspects, and their application to nanoparticle analysis and biomolecular detection. We survey the most recent developments such as the use of mode splitting for self-referenced measurements, plasmonic nanoantennas for signal enhancements, the use of optical force for nanoparticle manipulation as well as the design of active devices for ultra-sensitive detection. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the exciting capabilities of functionalized high-Q microcavities in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Biosensing, G. Scharowsky Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lan Yang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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45
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Zwitterionic polymer-modified silicon microring resonators for label-free biosensing in undiluted human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2012. [PMID: 23202337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A widely acknowledged goal in personalized medicine is to radically reduce the costs of highly parallelized, small fluid volume, point-of-care and home-based diagnostics. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible silicon photonic circuits for biosensing, with the promise of producing chip-scale integrated devices containing thousands of orthogonal sensors, at minimal cost on a per-chip basis. A central challenge in biosensor translation is to engineer devices that are both sensitive and specific to a target analyte within unprocessed biological fluids. Despite advances in the sensitivity of silicon photonic biosensors, poor biological specificity at the sensor surface remains a significant factor limiting assay performance in complex media (i.e. whole blood, plasma, serum) due to the non-specific adsorption of proteins and other biomolecules. Here, we chemically modify the surface of silicon microring resonator biosensors for the label-free detection of an analyte in undiluted human plasma. This work highlights the first application of a non-fouling zwitterionic surface coating to enable silicon photonic-based label-free detection of a protein analyte at clinically relevant sensitivities in undiluted human plasma.
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Kindt JT, Bailey RC. Chaperone probes and bead-based enhancement to improve the direct detection of mRNA using silicon photonic sensor arrays. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8067-74. [PMID: 22913333 DOI: 10.1021/ac3019813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the utility of chaperone probes and a bead-based signal enhancement strategy for the analysis of full length mRNA transcripts using arrays of silicon photonic microring resonators. Changes in the local refractive index near microring sensors associated with biomolecular binding events are transduced as a shift in the resonant wavelength supported by the cavity, enabling the sensitive analysis of numerous analytes of interest. We employ the sensing platform for both the direct and bead-enhanced detection of three different mRNA transcripts, achieving a dynamic range spanning over 4 orders of magnitude and demonstrating expression profiling capabilities in total RNA extracts from the HL-60 cell line. Small, dual-use DNA chaperone molecules were developed and found to both enhance the binding kinetics of mRNA transcripts by disrupting complex secondary structure and serve as sequence-specific linkers for subsequent bead amplification. Importantly, this approach does not require amplification of the mRNA transcript, thereby allowing for simplified analyses that do not require expensive enzymatic reagents or temperature ramping capabilities associated with RT-PCR-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Kindt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
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Barrios CA. Integrated microring resonator sensor arrays for labs-on-chips. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1467-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Luchansky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
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